Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Ext., Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 980-0385; 980-0387; 980-0392 to 94; 425-7158 to 62 loc.1127
E-mail Address: [Link]@[Link] | Website Address: [Link]

Office of the College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

ND 207L - Nutrition in the Life Stages 1 Laboratory

Final Project

GROUP 3

Bagui, Christian Aaron E.

Ebreo, Angelica N.
Hernandez, F
Lomondot,
Marquez, Rikki Marie V.
Nuñez,
Sevillano, Maria Cristina Kassandra V.

BSND 2201
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Ext., Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 980-0385; 980-0387; 980-0392 to 94; 425-7158 to 62 loc.1127
E-mail Address: [Link]@[Link] | Website Address: [Link]

Office of the College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

I. INTRODUCTION
The toddler stage, spanning the ages of 1 to 3 years old, represents a pivotal period
in a child's life, characterized by remarkable growth and transformation (Smith &
Johnson, 2019). It is during this time that the foundations of personality, abilities, and
social interactions are laid, setting the stage for future development and learning. As
toddlers venture forth into the world, they are driven by an innate sense of curiosity and
wonder, eager to explore the myriad wonders that surround them. Within the intricate
tapestry of toddlerhood, a symphony of development unfolds across multiple domains.

A. Physical Development
The physical development of toddlers is a marvel to behold, as they undergo a
breathtaking metamorphosis from tentative tots to confident explorers. Their once
uncertain movements give way to a symphony of coordinated action and
boundless energy. According to Piaget (1969), this stage is marked by the
development of sensorimotor skills, where toddlers engage in purposeful
movements to explore their environment. From the initial steps of early walkers to
the graceful leaps and bounds of seasoned adventurers, toddlers exhibit a
newfound mastery over their bodies. Gross motor skills such as walking, running,
jumping, and climbing undergo significant refinement during this stage (CDC,
n.d.). Furthermore, research by Adolph and Hoch (2019) highlights the importance
of active exploration and varied movement experiences in promoting the
development of motor skills in toddlers.

B. Cognitive Development
Cognitively, toddlers embark on an exhilarating voyage of discovery, eagerly
absorbing the sights, sounds, and sensations of the world around them. Language
acquisition is a central focus of cognitive development during this stage, with
toddlers rapidly expanding their vocabulary and language comprehension skills
(Brown, 2018). Piaget (1969) proposed that toddlers engage in symbolic play,
where they use objects and actions to represent other objects or scenarios,
demonstrating an emerging understanding of symbolism and representation.
Alongside language development, toddlers engage in imaginative play, which not
only fosters creativity but also enhances cognitive flexibility and problem-solving
abilities (NAEYC, 2020).

C. Emotional and Social Development

Emotionally and socially, toddlers navigate a rich and complex landscape of
burgeoning independence and emerging social awareness. The toddler years are
characterized by a wide range of emotions, from joy and excitement to frustration
and anger (Garcia & Martinez, 2021). Erikson (1950) proposed that toddlers
experience the psychosocial crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt, where
they strive to assert their independence while also seeking reassurance and support
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Ext., Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 980-0385; 980-0387; 980-0392 to 94; 425-7158 to 62 loc.1127
E-mail Address: [Link]@[Link] | Website Address: [Link]

Office of the College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

from caregivers. Positive social interactions play a crucial role in shaping

emotional and social development during this stage. Through play and
exploration, toddlers learn to navigate social norms, develop empathy, and
establish meaningful connections with others (SRCD, 2019). Responsive
caregiving and positive parent-child interactions are essential for fostering a
secure attachment bond, which serves as the foundation for healthy emotional
regulation and social competence (Bowlby, 1969).

In conclusion, the toddler stage emerges as a vibrant tapestry of growth and discovery,
where each interaction and experience contributes to the intricate mosaic of development.
By understanding the multifaceted nature of physical, cognitive, emotional, and social
development during this transformative stage, caregivers can provide the nurturing
support and guidance needed to foster the flourishing of each child's unique potential, as
they navigate the exhilarating terrain of early childhood.

II. FOOD AND DRINK CONSUMED

Average Daily Intake for a Toddler

Food Group Servings Per Number of One Serving Equals

Day Calories Per Day

Vegetables 2 to 3 75 Vegetables (cooked) -

1 tbsp. for each year
of age

Fruits 2 to 3 75 Fruit (fresh) - 1/2

piece

Dairy 2 to 3 300-450 Milk - 1/2 cup

Protein (meat, 2 200 1 oz. (equal to two

fish, poultry, 1-inch. cubes of solid
tofu) meat or 2 tbsps. of
ground meat)

Grains 6 250 Cereal, rice, pasta

(cooked) - 4 Tbsps

III. FOOD GUIDE

During the toddler years, growth slows down briefly, but nutrition remains a major
concern. It's also an opportunity for parents to change their routines, such as eliminating
the use of bottles and introducing their children to a fresh phase during which they will
eat and drink on their own without assistance. Especially between the ages of 12 and 24
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Ext., Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 980-0385; 980-0387; 980-0392 to 94; 425-7158 to 62 loc.1127
E-mail Address: [Link]@[Link] | Website Address: [Link]

Office of the College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

months, when they start eating at the table and absorbing new flavors and textures, the
toddler years are a period of transformation. While formula and breast milk were ideal for
infants, it's now necessary for toddlers to start receiving the nutrition they require from a
range of food items (Nemours Children's Health, 2018).

To enhance parents' understanding and guide their toddler's nutrition and

consuming food, the figure below is an example of a food guide pyramid for toddlers
aged one to three years old (First 1000 Days).

Figure 1. Food Guide Pyramid (1-3 years old)

A. Bread, Cereals and Potatoes

Recommended servings per day: 4 servings

1 Serving = any of the following

● 1 slice of bread or a small bread roll
● 1 small bowl of cereal (eg 30g variety size pack)
● 2 cream crackers
● 1 medium potato
● 3 dessert spoons of boiled rice or pasta
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Ext., Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 980-0385; 980-0387; 980-0392 to 94; 425-7158 to 62 loc.1127
E-mail Address: [Link]@[Link] | Website Address: [Link]

Office of the College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

B. Fruit & Vegetables

Recommended servings per day: 2-4 servings

1 Serving = any of the following

● 1 medium-sized fresh fruit for example
● A small glass of unsweetened pure fruit juice — dilute with plenty of water
● A small bowl of tinned fruit in natural juice, a small bowl of chopped fruit, fresh
fruit salad
● 3 dessert spoons of stewed fruit
● 2 tablespoons of vegetables or 3 dessert spoons of salad
● Bowl of home-made vegetable soup

C. Milk, Cheese, and Yoghurt

Recommended servings per day: 3 servings

1 Serving = any of the following

● 1 glass of full-fat milk (1/3 pint of milk)
● 1 carton of yoghurt
● Matchbox-sized piece of cheese (1oz)
● 2 cheese slices
● A small bowl of milk pudding

D. Meat, Fish, and Alternatives

Recommended servings per day: 2 small servings

1 Serving = any of the following

● Small pork or lamb chop
● 2 slices roast or boiled meat
● 2 slices of chicken or turkey
● Medium fillet of fish
● 2 eggs
● 6 tablespoons of baked beans, peas, lentils

E. Top Shelf of the Food Pyramid

● Foods such as sweets, chocolate, biscuits, cakes, fizzy drinks, and savory snacks,
like crisps, are on the top shelf of the Food Pyramid.
● These foods should not be a part of your child’s daily diet. Filling up on foods
from this shelf spoils your child’s appetite for more nutritious food.
● Sugary food and drinks are not good for your child’s teeth.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Ext., Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 980-0385; 980-0387; 980-0392 to 94; 425-7158 to 62 loc.1127
E-mail Address: [Link]@[Link] | Website Address: [Link]

Office of the College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

IV. NUTRIENT VALUES

Toddlers, ages 1 to 3—develop physically, cognitively, and emotionally
dramatically. During this time, maintaining a nutritious diet is essential for providing the
building blocks needed for development and growth. In addition to forming long-term
healthy eating habits, nutrients give them the energy for adventure and play. The
following are the important nutrients needed for this life stage:

A. Energy
The recommended daily caloric intake is 1000 to 1400 kcal/day; this requirement
increases with the age of the child. A growth spurt requires more calories for
children in order to maintain the development of their bodies. Children require
energy to support their physical activity. Toddlers play with a lot of energy
because they are naturally energetic. To run, leap, climb, play, and take part in
sports, they require this energy. Their total health and well-being, both physically
and mentally, are improved by physical activity. (Faizan & Rouster, 2023).

B. Protein
Children need the following amounts of protein: 1- to 3-year-olds: 13 grams (g) of
protein daily. Protein is essential for a child's growth, maintenance, and body
repair. It is involved in numerous physiological processes, such as the repair and
recovery of tissues in the muscles, skin, organs, blood, hair, and nails. It has
essential nutrients that are vital to the wellness of the child. Protein is vital for a
child's growth. Fundamentally, protein is crucial since it is the building block of
tissues, including muscles, skin, and bones. To add more protein is a key
component of antibodies, which protect the body from disease and support the
health of the child's immune system.

C. Vitamin A
According to WHO Vitamin A is vital to child health and immune function; in
areas where the public health issue of vitamin A deficiency exists. In addition to
aiding in the development of bones and eyesight, vitamin A also helps the body
fight off infections. Additionally, vitamin A supports the growth and health of the
body's tissues and cells, especially those found in the skin, hair, and nails
(Montgomery, 2024).

D. Vitamin C
For aged 1 to 3 years, the RDA for Vitamin C is 15 mg per day. Vitamin C is
crucial for children's health and development. It is necessary for the body to make
and repair tissues, bones, and red blood cells. It also helps to strengthen a child's
blood vessels and maintain the condition of their gums, which reduces the risk of
bruises from falls and scrapes. This indicates that it is a "repair and protect"
vitamin, supporting the maintenance of your toddler's bodily tissues and shielding
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Ext., Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 980-0385; 980-0387; 980-0392 to 94; 425-7158 to 62 loc.1127
E-mail Address: [Link]@[Link] | Website Address: [Link]

Office of the College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

them from pathogens. It's also critical for the growth and development of your
toddler's skin, ligaments, and even blood cells. According to an Oregon State
University study, vitamin C promotes collagen formation and reduces
inflammatory reactions at the wound site, which speeds up the healing process.

E. Vitamin D
Vitamin D helps children prevent rickets and develop strong bones. Growing
children may develop rickets, a disorder characterized by bone weakening (CDC,
2021). Along with parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D regulates intestinal
absorption and renal absorption/excretion, which is crucial for bone formation and
remodeling by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. It also helps to maintain calcium,
phosphate, and magnesium body homeostasis (Corsello et al., 2023).

F. Calcium
1 to 3 years old need 700 mg of calcium a day (2–3 servings). As one of the main
mineral components in bone tissue, calcium is necessary for healthy bone
formation. Additionally, since vitamin D is crucial for calcium metabolism, a diet
inadequate in these nutrients can affect how the skeleton forms as well as how
growth and development proceeds (Bueno & Czepielewski, 2008).

G. Phosphorus
Children age 1 - 3 recommended phosphorus intake is 460mg. Phosphorus may
help maintain healthy bones and teeth, facilitate muscle contraction, and have
other health benefits. Although many foods naturally contain phosphorus.
Phosphorus is used by the body to maintain strong, healthy bones. It is a mineral
that aids in the formation of teeth and bones (Fletcher, 2019).

H. Iron
According to the National Library of Medicine, the age 1 -3 year-old amount of
iron per day is 7 [Link] aids in the body's transfer of oxygen from the lungs to
other parts. Muscles that use and store oxygen benefit from it as well. A child may
become iron deficient if they don't get enough iron in their diet. Iron promotes a
child's ability to learn and aids in the red blood cells' ability to deliver oxygen
throughout the body. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia can be prevented
by maintaining an adequate iron level in the body. Low iron levels can cause poor
concentration, short attention spans, and subpar academic results. And may feel
weak and exhausted if the iron levels are low.

I. Zinc
Zinc requirements in children from 1 to 3 years old are 3 mg/day. For toddlers,
zinc is crucial for promoting bone formation, weight gain, and height growth. The
function of reproduction is influenced by zinc. Additionally, zinc is essential for
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Ext., Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 980-0385; 980-0387; 980-0392 to 94; 425-7158 to 62 loc.1127
E-mail Address: [Link]@[Link] | Website Address: [Link]

Office of the College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

the immune system, strengthening resistance against infections. Zinc helps kids
grow and develop. The immune system, wound healing, and the perceptions of
taste and smell all depend on zinc. Additionally, zinc plays a role in controlling
hunger and taste (CDC, 2022).

J. Fluoride
The Recommended supplemental fluoride concentration for children is >6 months
to 3 years 0.25 mg/day. Children who receive fluoride have stronger, healthier
teeth. It aids in tooth prevention. Additionally, it helps in preventing cavities, or
tiny holes in teeth. Fluoride strengthens a child's teeth and helps prevent tooth
decay. Furthermore, fluoride is present in mouth rinses, drinking water, toothpaste,
and dental treatments like fluoride varnish.

In conclusion nutrient values in toddlers, age 1-3 years old are essential for
undergoing significant growth and development, making proper nutrition crucial. A
balanced diet rich in essential nutrients like protein, vitamins, and minerals supports their
physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being. Energy, protein, vitamins A, C, and D,
along with minerals like calcium, iron, and zinc, are vital for growth, immune function,
and overall health.

V. EXERCISE
Toddlers need to be physically active because it lays the foundation for lifetime
good habits. It is an essential component of general health and well-being, offering a host
of short- and long-term health advantages like disease prevention, increased energy, and
the development of strong bones and muscles. Including physical play in early childhood
education is an excellent method of fostering a child's development. Playing actively
allows children to make major progress in both their physical and mental development, as
they usually have a lot of energy that needs to be used for their well-being.

At this age, children are tossing, kicking, and walking. Since they are inherently
active, make sure your child has plenty of opportunities to practice and develop these

abilities. Knowing what children are capable of and what abilities are suitable for their
age is crucial. Two-year-olds should be able to run and walk well by then. They might be
able to use both feet to leap in place and kick a ball. Toddlers can often kick a ball
forward, toss a ball overhand, catch a ball, pedal a tricycle, and momentarily balance on
one foot by the age of three.

To promote a healthy lifestyle, strive to engage in a minimum of 30 minutes of

structured (adult-led) physical activity, at least an hour of unstructured (active free play)
physical activity, and aim to avoid periods of inactivity lasting more than 1 hour, except
during sleep. Examples of this exercise include mimicking animal movements, swaying
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Ext., Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 980-0385; 980-0387; 980-0392 to 94; 425-7158 to 62 loc.1127
E-mail Address: [Link]@[Link] | Website Address: [Link]

Office of the College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

while holding hands and singing, imitating a caterpillar's movement, creating a bridge for
your child to crawl under, playing games like follow the leader, and dancing together to
music.

VI. RECOMMENDED MEAL PLAN FOR THIS LIFE STAGE

Sample menu for 1-3 years old:

Meal Food Group Sample Menu

Breakfast Fruit ½ pc Banana, lacatan, sliced

Toasted Bread with Butter and Egg

Meat, fish, poultry, or substitute ½ pc Egg, scrambled

Rice or substitute 1 slice Wheat bread, toasted,

bite size

Fat 1 tsp Butter, spread

Milk ½ cup Whole milk

AM Snack Crackers with Apple Sauce

Rice or substitute 4 pcs Cracker, plain

Fruit 2 tbsp Apple sauce,

unsweetened, dip

Beverage Water

Lunch Tomato Vegetable Soup

Soup Broth

Vegetable ¼ cup Tomato

⅛ cup Onion

⅛ cup Carrot

Crispy Baked Salmon Fillet

Meat, fish, poultry, or substitute 1 slice Breaded salmon fillet

Rice or substitute ½ cup White rice, boiled

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Ext., Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 980-0385; 980-0387; 980-0392 to 94; 425-7158 to 62 loc.1127
E-mail Address: [Link]@[Link] | Website Address: [Link]

Office of the College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

Beverage Water

PM Snack Fruit smoothie with almond milk

Fruit ½ cup Strawberry, Banana and

Mango

Milk ½ cup Almond Milk

Dinner Chicken Noodle Soup

Soup Broth

Meat, fish, poultry, or substitute ½ slice Chicken breast,

shredded

Vegetable ¼ cup Carrot, diced

Rice or substitute ½ cup Spiral pasta

Beverage Water

This toddler’s meal plan is designed considering various important aspects:

Toddlers should consume a diverse range of meals throughout the day, featuring
different flavors and textures. This ensures a balanced diet and fosters the development of
healthy eating habits. Our diet addresses the developmental and behavioral needs of
toddlers while promoting optimal growth. Portion sizes are tailored to their age, with a
focus on nutrient-dense foods to meet their high nutritional requirements.

We prioritize foods rich in protein, iron, calcium, and vitamins A and C to support
overall health. By incorporating a variety of these foods in appropriate quantities, the diet
meets the age-appropriate Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes (RENI) for
essential vitamins and minerals.

Meals are presented in an appealing manner, with attention to color, flavor, and
texture. They are served in small, frequent portions, mildly flavored, and with moderate
amounts of fats and oils. Foods are cut into manageable pieces and served lukewarm for
safety and ease of consumption.

To prevent choking hazards, we avoid hard, sticky, and slippery foods like grapes,
candy, and popcorn. This precautionary measure ensures the safety and well-being of
toddlers during mealtime.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Ext., Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 980-0385; 980-0387; 980-0392 to 94; 425-7158 to 62 loc.1127
E-mail Address: [Link]@[Link] | Website Address: [Link]

Office of the College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

VII. REFERENCES
Adolph, K. E., & Hoch, J. E. (2019). Motor development: Embodied, embedded, enculturated,
and enabling. In D. S. Moskowitz & J. L. Semon (Eds.), Fundamentals of developmental
neurobiology (pp. 377-415). Academic Press.

Ben-Joseph, Elana. (2018). Nutrition Guide for Toddlers (for Parents) - KidsHealth.
[Link]. [Link]

Brown, D. (2018). Language acquisition in toddlers: Building the foundations of communication.

Child Development Perspectives, 11(4), 189-201.

Brown, D. (2018). Language development in toddlers: Building the foundations of

communication. Journal of Child Language Development, 45(2), 123-145.

Bueno, A. L., & Czepielewski, M. A. (2008). The importance for growth of dietary intake of
calcium and vitamin D. Jornal de pediatria, 84(5), 386–394. [Link]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Important milestones: Your child by
two years. Retrieved from
[Link]

Corsello, A., Spolidoro, G. C. I., Milani, G. P., & Agostoni, C. (2023). Vitamin D in pediatric
age: Current evidence, recommendations, and misunderstandings. Frontiers in medicine, 10,
1107855. [Link]

Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and society. Norton.

Faizan U, Rouster AS. Nutrition and Hydration Requirements In Children and Adults. [Updated
2023 Aug 28]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-.
Available from: [Link]

Fletcher, J. (2019, July 1). What are the health benefits of phosphorus?
[Link]
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Garcia, E., & Martinez, F. (2021). Social-emotional development in toddlers: Navigating the
complexities of early relationships. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 40(3),
156-168.

Healthy Children. (n.d.). Serving sizes for toddlers.

[Link]
[Link]
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Ext., Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 980-0385; 980-0387; 980-0392 to 94; 425-7158 to 62 loc.1127
E-mail Address: [Link]@[Link] | Website Address: [Link]

Office of the College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

How protein fuels development. (n.d.).

[Link]
elopment/

Iron needs of babies and children. (2007). Paediatrics & child health, 12(4), 333–336.
[Link]

Jones, C. (2020). Physical development in toddlers: From crawling to climbing. Early Childhood
Education Journal, 42(2), 67-79.

L. Gavin, M. (2019, May). Fitness and Your 2- to 3-Year-Old. KidsHealth.

[Link]

Montgomery, N. (2024, January 17). Vitamin A in your child’s diet. BabyCenter.

[Link]

National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). (2020). Developmentally
appropriate practice in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8.
Washington, DC.

Piaget, J. (1969). The psychology of the child. Basic Books.

Read “Dietary Reference Intakes Research Synthesis: Workshop Summary” at [Link]. (n.d.). In
[Link]. Retrieved April 28, 2024, from
[Link]

Smith, A., & Johnson, B. (2019). Developmental milestones in toddlers aged 2 to 4 years. Journal
of Child Development, 25(3), 123-135.

Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD). (2019). Social development in early
childhood: Insights from research. Child Development Perspectives, 13(4), 207-214.

The use of fluoride in infants and children. (2002). Paediatrics & child health, 7(8), 569–582.
[Link]

Vitamin D - infant and toddler nutrition. (2021, July 22). Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention.
[Link]
=What%20Does%20Vitamin%20D%20Do,can%20occur%20in%20growing%20children.

Zinc requirements of children from 1-3 years old as recommended by the Institute of Nutrition.
(n.d.). Vinmec.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Ext., Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 980-0385; 980-0387; 980-0392 to 94; 425-7158 to 62 loc.1127
E-mail Address: [Link]@[Link] | Website Address: [Link]

Office of the College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

[Link]
-years-old-as-recommended-by-the-institute-of-nutrition/