Fire Code 2023

Contents
Chapter 1 – General Chapter 8 – Emergency Lighting & Voice
1.1 Scope
Communication Systems
1.2 Codes and Standards 8.1 Exit Lighting and Exit Sign
1.3 Abbreviations 8.2 Emergency Voice Communication System and Fire
1.4 Definitions Command Centre (FCC)

Chapter 2 – Means of Escape Chapter 9 – Additional Requirements for Each

2.1 General Purpose Group
2.2 Determinations of Exit Requirements
2.3 Means of Escape Requirements 9.1 Purpose Group I Occupancy
2.4 Special Requirements for Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) 9.2 Purpose Group II Occupancy
9.3 Purpose Group III Occupancy
Chapter 3 – Structural Fire Precautions 9.4 Purpose Group IV Occupancy
9.5 Purpose Group V Occupancy
3.1 General 9.6 Purpose Group VI Occupancy
3.2 Provision of Compartment Walls and Compartment Floors 9.7 Purpose Group VII Occupancy
3.3 Fire Resistance of Elements of Structure 9.8 Purpose Group VIII Occupancy
3.4 Tests of Fire Resistance 9.9 Others
3.5 External Wall Annex 9.9A
3.6 Separating Walls
3.7 Compartment Walls and Compartment Floors Chapter 10 – Requirements for Special
3.8 Protected Shafts Installations
3.9 Protection of Openings
3.10 Exit Staircases 10.1 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Cylinder Installations
3.11 Concealed Spaces 10.2 Solar Photo-Voltaic (PV) Installation
3.12 Fire Stopping 10.3 Energy Storage Systems
3.13 Classification of Spread of Flame 10.4 Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Installation
3.14 Roofs Annex 10.1A
3.15 Materials for Construction Annex 10.1B
Annex 3A
Annex 3B Chapter 11 – Regulated Fire Safety Products
Chapter 4 – Site Planning & External and Materials
Firefighting Provision 11.1 General
11.2 Definition
4.1 General 11.3 Assessment and Validation
4.2 Provision for External Access to Building for Firefighting 11.4 Fire Safety Product Labels
and Accessibility of Site to Firefighting Appliances 11.5 Installation of Regulated Fire Safety Products
4.3 Access to Buildings with Rising Mains 11.6 Fire Safety Serial Labels and Declarations of Compliance
4.4 Private Fire Hydrant 11.7 Requirements and Responsibilities for Qualified Persons
11.8 Additional Requirements for Specific Products
Chapter 5 – Electrical Power Supplies Table 11A

5.1 General Appendix 01 – Fire Safety Report

5.2 Primary and Secondary Power Supplies
Appendix 02 – Fire Safety Instruction Manual
Chapter 6 – Firefighting Systems
1.0 General
6.1 Portable Extinguishers 2.0 Scope
6.2 Rising Main and Hose Reel Systems 3.0 Contents of the Manual
6.3 Electrical Fire Alarm System 4.0 Relevant Information to be Included in the Fire Safety
6.4 Fire Sprinkler Installation Instruction Manual
6.5 Fixed Automatic Fire Extinguishing Systems
6.6 Lifts
6.7 Colour Scheme of Fire Protection Systems
6.8 Redundancy for Fire Pumping System E Explanations & Illustrations R Rationale ! Note

Chapter 7 – Mechanical Ventilation & Smoke

Control Systems
7.1 Air-Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation Systems
7.2 Pressurisation for Exit Staircases
7.3 Pressurisation of Internal Corridors in Hotels
7.4 Smoke Control System
7.5 Redundancy for Mechanical Ventilation and Pressurisation
Systems
CLAUSE 1.1 - SCOPE

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

The Cod e of Practice for Fire Precautions in Buildi ngs, herei nafter called “the/ this Code” or “Fi re Code”, serves to
establish the minimum req ui rements for fire safety provi sions in all buildi ngs. It takes into account the function, design,
managem ent, op e ration, a nd maintenance of b uildings to secure the life safety of occupants and property safety in the
event of a fire.

1.1.1 Rapid Transit System (RTS)

Fire safety requi rements for unde rg rou nd, surface and el evated RTS including trainways, transit stations, train
maintena nce dep ots, on -line electric substations and RT S facility buildings, shall comply with “Code of Practice for Fire
Precautions in Rapid T ransit Systems”.

1.1.2 Fire safety requirements for laboratories handling hazardous chemicals

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

Labo rato ries storing a nd usi ng chemicals/HazMat shall comply with SS [Link] the purpose of designing the vent ilation
system to limit the amount of flammable vapour/ gases inside the laboratory, fresh air shall be drawn di rectly from an
external space o r ai r well.

Note: Table 9.8K & Table 9. 8L will be omitted from the F ire Code.

1.1.3 Fire safety requirements for road tunnels

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

Fire safety requi rements for road tu nnels shall b e in compliance with NFPA 502.

1.1.4 Fire Safety Report

Effective Date: 1 Dec 2020

!
Fire Safety Repo rt for buil di ng projects/fire safety provisions specified by SCDF shal l be submitted when making buildi ng
plan submission.

1.1.5 Fire Safety Instruction Manual (Appendix 2)

Effective Date: 1 Dec 2020

!
a. Fire Safety Instruction Manual fo r buildi ng p rojects/fire safety provisions specified by SCDF shall be submitt ed when
making applicatio n for Temp ora ry Fire Permit or Fire Safety Certificate.

b. The building o wne r sha ll maintain an d keep the Fir e Safety Instruction Manual at all times and present to the QP
upon req uest. Where any Addition & Alteration works are carried out to the buil dings, the building owner shall ens ure that
changes in the man agem ent of fire safety provisions are updated in the Fire Safety Instruction Manual by the QP. The
update d Fire Safety Instruction Manu al shall be submitted to SCDF for record.

1.1.6 Fire safety requirements for open plant processing structure

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2021

The design of o pen p lant p rocessing facilities in the oil, chemical and process industries shall comply with SS 634.

1.1.7 Fire safety requirements for pipeline service corridors

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2021

The design, construction an d ope ration of pi peli ne servi ce corridors shall comply with SS 512.
1.1.8 Fire safety requirement for storage of flammable liquids

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2021

The safe storage of flammab le liquids shall comply with SS 532.

1.1.9 Fire safety requirement for storage of flammable particulate solids under Globally
Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) Class 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3

Facilities storing flammable particulate soli ds classified under Class 4.1 (Flammable solid), 4.2 (Substance liabl e to
spontane ous combustion) a n d 4.3 (Substance d ang erous when contact with wat er) of the GHS shall comply with SS 667.

CLAUSE 1.2 - CODES AND STANDARDS

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

1.2.1 Reference

This Code makes refe rence to numero us local and int ernational codes of practice and standards. Only the latest version
of the codes of practice and standards shall b e used for t he purpose of this Code. A list of such codes of practice and
standards is as s hown in Ta ble 1.2A.

1.2.2 Conflicting requirements

All codes of practice and standards which this Cod e referred to shall be read in conj unction with the relevant clauses in
this Code. Whe re conflict exists between this Code and t he referred codes of practice and/or standards, the req uirements
stipulated in this Cod e shall take precede nce.

1.2.3 Maintenance of fire protection systems

All fire protection systems when installe d/provided in a building, shall be maintai ned in accordance with applicabl e codes
or standa rds specified in Ta ble 1.2A. The QP shall document the maintenance detail s in the Fire Safety Instruction
Manual a nd ha ndove r to the buildi ng owner fo r complianc e at the completion of the building project .

For the pu rp ose of this Code , “fire protection system” has the same meaning as in the Fire Safety Act 1993.

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

CLAUSE 1.3 - ABBREVIATIONS

The abb reviatio ns used in th is Code are listed in Tabl e 1.3A.

1.4 - DEFINITIONS

In this Code, unless the context otherwise requires, the following definitions will apply.

1.4.1 Accessible Floor Area (AFA)

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

“Accessible floor are a” refers to the total floor are a of all covered spaces within a bui lding, includi ng service duct s, lift
shafts, toilets, staircases, areas occupied by fixed/ moveable furniture/equi pment/faci lities, and any open -to -sky habitabl e
areas ab ove or b elow th e first storey of the buildi ng.

1.4.2 Air well

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“Air well ” refe rs to a space(s) enclosed substantially by building(s) and directly open to the sky. An air well can be
considere d as an extern al space if it meets the minimum clear width and length bel ow:

TABLE 1.4.2 - AIR WELL SIZE

Max. Habitable Height of Building Min. Clear Width and Length of Air Well
18m 10m
24m 11m
36m 12m
48m 13m
60m and above 14m
R
1.4.3 Ambulatory care facility

Effective Date: 2 Mar 2020

"Ambulatory care facility” is a buildi ng, or p art the reof, used for providing services on an out -patient basis for treatment
for patients which woul d ren der them inca pabl e of taking action for self -preservation or safety under emergency conditions
without assistance from othe rs, such as haemodialysis units or surgical treatment requiri ng general anaesthesia. Such
facilities shall include the fol lowin gs:

a. Renal di alysis day centres;

b. Aesthetic clinics;

c. Non-mental reha bilitatio n day centres; and

d. Endoscopy clinics.

1.4.4 Ancillary office

“Ancillary office” refe rs to any office which supports the activities of a building within Purpose Groups III, V, VI, VII and
VIII and which is located within the same buil ding o r compartment as the purpose group it serves.

1.4.5 Ancillary usage

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“Ancillary usage ” refe rs to a room/ space that serves a supporting function, and which belongs to the same purpose group
as the primary buil ding. Such rooms include sick/ first aid rooms, reception lobbies/ areas, waiti ng areas, staff lounges/
staff recreation rooms, staff changin g/ locker rooms, staff training rooms, meeting rooms, workshops, laboratori es (no
open -flame ), store rooms, material/ p rod uct holdin g areas, packing distribution areas within factories/ warehouse
buildi ngs, etc.

1.4.6 Anteroom

“Antero om” refers to the ro o m leading i nto the BSL -3 or BSL-4 containment laboratory, used for showeri ng and changi ng.
It is also serves as a containment facility for controlling air flow and providing additi onal physical containment between
the labo rato ry and adj oini ng spaces.

1.4.7 Approved

“Approved” refers to bei ng a pprove d by the SCDF.

1.4.8 Area of compartment/ room/ space

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“Area of compa rtment/ room/ space” refe rs to the total area of any compartment/ room/ space bounded by the inner
finished surfaces of the wall s that form the compartment/ room/ space. Where there i s no enclosing wall on any one side,
the are a of the compar tme nt/ room/ space shall be meas ured by the outermost edge of the floor on that side.

1.4.9 Area of refuge

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“Area of refuge ” ref ers to an area wit hin a bu ildin g, or in an adjoi ning buildi ng, where evacuees can temporarily take
refug e, in lieu of the requi re ment for ade quate exit staircase provision. It shall be adequately separated from the rest of
the buildi ng o r adjoi nin g buil ding by fire -resisting construction, and connected via an external corridor or open -sided
linkway. The are a of refu ge shall be always accessible.
1.4.10 Area of roof

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“Area of roof” refers to the visible roof a rea o n a plane parall el to the pitch of the roof.

1.4.11 Area of storey

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“Area of storey” refe rs to the total area of that storey bounded by the inner finished surfaces of the enclosing wall s.
Where there is no enclosing wall on a ny one side, the area of storey shall be measured by the outermost edge of the floor
on that side.

1.4.12 Assembly occupancy

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“Assembly occupancy” refers to buildings or p ortio ns of buildi ngs used for gatheri ng of more than 50 persons for such
purp ose as delib erati on, wo rship, entertai nment, eating, drinking, amusem ent or awai ting transportation.

1.4.13 Atrium

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“Atrium” refers to a large op en space within a buildi ng created by an openi ng, or a series of openi ngs, in floor ass emblies,
thus connecting two o r more storeys. An atrium is covered at the top and is used for purposes other than those associated
with smal l shafts, e.g., stairs, elevators and vario us services. The sides of the atrium can be open to all floors, to some
floors or closed to all floo rs by non -rated o r rat ed fire -resistant construction.

1.4.14 Authority having jurisdiction

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

“Authority havin g jurisdiction ” refe rs to non -SCDF local entities, which may include an organisation, office, or individual
responsibl e for enf orcing th e requi reme nt of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an install ation, or
a proced ure.

1.4.15 Basement storey

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“Basement storey” ref ers to a storey of a buildin g for whi ch at least half the storey height is below the ground lev el, and
which also adj oins its perim eter wal ls for at least half the length of such walls.

1.4.16 Biological Agent

“Biological Age nt” refers to the biol ogical ag ents stipulated in the First Schedule, Second Schedule and Thi rd Schedul e of
the Biological Age nts and Toxins Act.

1.4.17 Boundary

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“Bound ary” refers to the b order d emarcatin g the area surroundi ng a building, and where applicabl e (in determini ng the
relevant b oun dary), it includ es the imagina ry extension of the border up to the centre of an abutting street, canal or river.

1.4.18 Capsule hotel

Effective Date: 1 June 2021

“Ca psule hotel ” ref ers to a type of hotel wh ere th e bed s paces are enclosed individually. Each bed space is considered as
a capsule and not as a loos e furnitu re or fitting. Th e capsule has the following characteristics:

a. access opening to the be d space can be fitted with doors, curtains or other materials or left open; and

b. the bed space is provid ed with its individual electricity supply for amenities such as lighting, power points, TV,
and oth er ame nities.

1.4.19 Cavity barrier

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“Cavity barrier” refe rs to a fire -rated construction that seals or sub -divides a conceal ed space. The cavity barrier helps
limit the spread of smoke an d fire into o r within that concealed space.

1.4.20 Ceiling

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“Ceili ng” refe rs to a part of a buildi ng that encloses and is exposed overhead in a room, circulation space or prot ected
shaft. A soffit or rooflight is rega rd ed as part of its surface, but not the frame of a rooflight.

1.4.21 Circulation space

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“Circul ation space ” refe rs to the means of access between a room or protected shaft and an exit from the building or
compartment. It does not include a reas used fo r any commercial activity, such as information and reception count ers, or
areas used fo r exhi bitio ns.

1.4.22 Code of Practice (CoP)

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“Co de of Practice” refe rs to the standard of practice acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. The SCDF may adopt
requ ireme nts stipulated in th e stated year of publicati on of any referenced Code of P ractice, or at its discretion adopt
those specifi ed in a late r version.

1.4.23 Coldroom

“Col dro om” ref ers to a room, normally constructed of combustible insulation material s, used for the storage, processing or
tempora ry holdi ng of materi als unde r cold conditio ns. If the floor area of cold storage space does not exceed 10m and its
2

design do es not permit pe rs ons to walk in, it shall be treated as an appliance and not a coldroom.

1.4.24 Compartment

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“Comp artment ” refe rs to a part of a buildi ng sep arated from all other parts of the same building by compartment walls
and/o r compartment floo rs. The ro of space above the top storey of a compartment is regarded as part of that
compartment.

1.4.25 Compartment wall & Compartment floor

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

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“Comp artment wall” a nd “Co mpartment floo r” refer to wal ls or floors of fire -rated cons truction provided for the purpose of
dividing a b uildin g into comp artments.

1.4.26 Composite panel

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

“Comp osite pane l” refers to non -homo gen ous pan el consisting of more than one layer of different materi als used for
partition, finishes to ceiling/ intern al wall/ external walls/ roof covering, etc.

1.4.27 Concealed space/ Cavity

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“Co ncealed sp ace/ Cavity” refers to a space enclosed by elements of a building (inc luding a suspended ceiling or raised
floor) or contain ed with in an element. It is not a room, cupboard, circulati on space, protected shaft or space within a flue,
chute, duc t, pipe or cond uit.

1.4.28 Corridor

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

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“Co rrid or” refe rs to a passag e providi ng means of access from rooms or spaces to an exit.
1.4.29 Cross ventilated corridor/ lobby

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

“Cross -ventilated corrido r/ l obby” refers to a corri dor/ lobby with fixed and unobstruc ted ventilation openi ngs located on
opposite facing walls, which face the external space, to allow for ai r circulation caused by outside breezes or wind.

1.4.30 Cubical extent

Effective Date: 2 Mar 2020

“Cu bical extent” ref ers to the volume of a space within a building or compartment. This excludes protected lift walls, exit
staircases and other accom modation (such as restroom s and locker rooms) which are enclosed with walls having at least
1-h r fire resi stance, and ope nings protected by doo rs of ½ -hr fire resistance fitted wi th an automatic self -closing device. It
shall be measured accord ing to the followin g dimensions:

a. the inne r finished surface s of the enclosing walls or, on any side where there is no enclosing wall, a plane
extending ve rtically above th e outermost ed ge of the floor on that side,

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b. the uppe r surface of its lowest floor; and

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c. where a b uildin g or comp artment extends to a roof, the under -surface of the roof or the under -surface of the
ceiling of the hig hest storey within the compa rtment, including the space occupied by any other wall, or any
unprotected shafts, ducts or struct ure within the space to be so measured.

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1.4.31 Custodian care facility

Effective Date: 2 Mar 2020

“Custodi an-ca re facility” is a buildin g or p art thereof, wit hout stay in accommodation, used by persons who, because of
age, or p hysical or mental di sabilities, are un able to care for their self -preservation and safety. Such facilities include the
followin gs:

a. Nurseri es for children un d er 6 years of ag e (e.g., kindergarten, childcare day cent res, infant care day centres,
etc.;

b. Senior care day centres;

c. Mentally disabled day care centres;

d. Intellectually disabled day care centres;

e. Mental reh abilitati on day care centres; and

f. Psychiatric day care centres.

1.4.32 Dead-end

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“De ad-end ” refe rs to a situation within a common area, such as a corridor or lift lobby space, where exit is only possible
from one e nd, with no possible escape from the ot her end.

1.4.33 Direct distance

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“Direct distance” refe rs to the shortest distance from the most remote point in a room or space, measured within t he
external e nclosures of the ro om or space to the rel evant exits, ignoring internal walls , partitions and fittings other than t he
enclosure walls of exit passageways and exit staircases.

1.4.34 Door

“Do or” refe rs to any shutter, cover or othe r form of prot ection to an opening in any wall, floor or in the structure
surrou ndi ng a p rotected sha ft, regardl ess of whether the door is constructed of one or more leaves.
1.4.35 Electromagnetic or electromechanical door -holding device

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“Electromagn etic” or “electro mechanical do or -hold ing device” refers to a device which holds doors open. This devi ce is
designe d to automatically close doors in the event of a fire, thereby helpi ng to contain the spread of smoke and fire.
Events which cause these devices to trigger includ e the detection of smoke, failure of power supply to the door, the
trigge ring of a fire ala rm, an d manual tri gge rin g.

1.4.36 Electromagnetic or electromechanical locking device

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

E
“Electromagn etic” or “electro mechanical locking device” refers to a fail -safe device which provides egress access control.
In the event of a fire ala rm a ctivation, failure of building power supply, and/ or any fault in the locking devices/
components, rela t ed to the release of locking mechanis m, this device shall:

a. automatically unlock doors immediately to facilitate egress, and rem ain so until power supply is restored; and

b. be provided with a mea ns of manual override l ocated within the occupi ed space, 1.2m above the floor and wi thin
1.5m of the doo r jamb.

1.4.37 Element of structure

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“Element of structure ” refe rs to:

a. a member formi ng pa rt of the structural frame of a buil ding or any other beam or column but not a member forming
part of a ro of structure only,

b. a load-bea rin g wall o r loa d -be ari ng pa rt of a wall,

c. a floor, including a compa rtment floor, othe r than the l owest floor (i n contact with the ground) of a bui lding,

d. a separati ng wall, o r

e. a structure enclosing a protected shaft (protecting structure).

1.4.38 Emergency generator

“Emerge ncy generator” refe rs to emergency powe r -generating equipment that compli es with the requirements stipulated
in SS 535.

1.4.39 Emergency lighting

“Emerge ncy lighting” refe rs to lighting p rovid ed with a secondary source of power supply to illuminate the exits and
spaces within a build ing.

1.4.40 Engineered timber

“Engin eered timbe r” refers to mass timber products that are manufactured according to established standards accepted by
the SCDF. Examples of mass timber prod ucts are Cross Laminated Timber (CLT ) and Glued Lami nated Timber (G LT)
structural eleme nts manufac tured in accordance with EN 16351 and EN 14080, respectively.

1.4.41 Evacuee holding area

“Evacuee hold ing a rea ” ref ers to a designated circulation area/ space on the refuge fl oor for temporary assembly of
occupants durin g a fire em ergency.

1.4.42 Exit

“Exit” refers to a means of e gress from the interi or of the building to an external spac e. An exit includes any of the
followin g, eithe r singly or in combination: a d oor o pening leading to external space, exit staircase, exit ramp and/ or exit
passageway, but not includi ng an access stair, aisle, corridor door or corridor and an access door to a room or space.
1.4.43 Exit access

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“Exit access” refers to the p ortion of a mea ns of escape that leads to an exit. It includes the room and buil ding spaces
that peopl e occupy, as well as the doors alo ng the escape routes, lobbies, aisles, passageways, corridors, access stairs
and ramps trav ersed in o rd e r to reach a n exit.

1.4.44 Exit access door

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“Exit access door” refers to a doo r which p rovides access to a room or space (excluding a toilet cubicle, bedroom,
storero om, utility room, pant ry and the like), o r installed across the escape path leading to an exit.

1.4.45 Exit door

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“Exit door” refers to a do or, including a doo r which opens to the external space, prov ided at the doorway of an ex it for the
passage of peo ple, wh ich forms part of the integ rity of the exit.

1.4.46 Exit passageway

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“Exit passageway” refers to the horizo ntal extension of a vertical exit via an exit staircase or passage leading from a
habitab le area to an externa l space.

1.4.47 Exit staircase

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

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“Exit staircase” refers to a staircase constructed of non -combustible material and protected from fire (by fire -rat ed
construction or located at the external space ) for the purpose of enabling egress to the external space.

1.4.48 External corridor

“External corrido r” refers to a corrid or with an un obstructed and uninterrupted ventil ation opening that measures at least
1.2m in vertical heig ht, the latter which is located a bove its parapet wall.

1.4.49 External exit passageway

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“External exit passage way” refers to an exit passageway that serves as required exit with at least one of its longest sides
open to the external space o r air well.

1.4.50 External exit staircase

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

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“External exit staircase” refe rs to an exit staircase located outside a bui lding, open to the external space, and that :

a. is enclosed by parap et wa lls or railin g of not more than 1.1m in height;

b. has at least two adjacent sides or one of its longest sides abutting the external space; and

c. is recessed not more tha n 3m from the buildi ng facade.

1.4.51 External space

“External space” refe rs to an open space ab utting the perimeter of a buil ding, which includes an ai r well and which is
vertically open to the sky without any ro of or trell is.

1.4.52 External wall (or side of a building)

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“External wall” o r “external side of a buil ding ” refe rs to an outer wall or vertical enclosure. This includes a part of the r oof
pitched at an an gle of 7 0º or more to the ho rizontal, if that part of the roof adjoi ns a space within the building to which
persons have access.

1.4.53 External wall finishes

“External wall finishes” refers to materials/ components installed on the buildi ng facade for the purpose of providi ng
thermal insul ation, we athe r resistance and/ or to improve the appearance of buildi ngs . They can be made of timber, metal,
brick/stone gra nit e, vinyl, composite materials, etc. It shall include cladding, fins and any decorative features mounted on
the external walls of a build i ng.

1.4.54 Fire lift lobby

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“Fire lift lob by” refe rs to a protected and ventilat ed lobby into which a fire lift opens, and from which direct access to an
exit staircase can be made for the pu rp ose of firefighting.

1.4.55 Fire resistance

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“Fire resistance” ref ers to the minimum peri od of time during which an el ement of structure or buildi ng elem ent can be
expected to function satisfactorily while subj ected to a standard fire test.

1.4.56 Fire safety report

“Fire safety rep ort” refers to a document that details the provision of fire protection s ystems, life safety features and fir e
safety management for a b ui lding, pla nt or installati on.

1.4.57 Fire stop

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“Fire stop ” refe rs to a seal provided to close an imp erfec tion of fit or any joint between elements, components or
construction in a buil ding, which serves to prevent/ limit the passage of smoke and fl ame through that imperfection or
joint.

1.4.58 Flammable refrigerant

“Flammable refri gerant” refe rs to the grou p of refri gerant s with flammability classification of group 2 or 3 in accordance
to ISO 5149. For ref rige ra nt blends wh ich have more than one flammability classification, the most unfavourable
classification shall be taken for the pu rpose of this defini tion. Most of these flammable refri gerants are hydrocarbon (HC)
based. Some examples of HC refr i gerant includ e propane, butane and isobut ane.

1.4.59 Flexible joints and Flexible connections

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For air -conditi onin g and mec hanical ventilatio n systems:

a. “flexible joints” refer to co nnections between ducts and equipm ent normally provided to isolate vibration and to
allow the rmal movement; an d

b. “flexible conn ections” refe r to flexible sections of ducts provided to connect the extremity of ventilation ductwork
to terminal un its, extract units and grilles.

1.4.60 Fire engine access road

“Fire engin e access road” re fers to a road d esigne d for fi refighting appliances gai n access to, and travel within a
developme nt for firefig hting operations.

1.4.61 Fire engine accessway

“Fire engin e accessway” ref ers to a metalled o r paved road located along the perim eter of a buil ding to allow a firefighting
applia nce to carry out firefi g hting op erati ons. Compared to a fire engi ne access road, a fire engi ne accessway is designed
to withs tand a hig he r tonna g e, and with a la rg er wi dth, for the purpose of deploying fi refighting appliances during an
operation.
1.4.62 Fully Automated Mechanised Car Park (FAMCP)

“Fully automate d mechanise d car park” refe rs to a buildi ng or part of a buil ding that is intended for the storage/ parking of
passenge r vehicles employi ng fully automated mechanical facilities to move the vehicle from the point of entry to the
parking deck and vice-visa. The pa rking area would be accessible by trained staff when carrying out maintenance works
only. The automatic parkin g system is to be deactivated duri ng the maintenance operations.

1.4.63 General warehouse

“Gen eral wareho use” refers to a buildin g or space used for storing various types of goods or materials. It includes
wareho uses for storing che micals, fresh/ perishable food products (coldroom ), etc. Store having floor area more than
100m shall b e classified as wareho use.
2

1.4.64 Habitable floor

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

E
“Ha bitable flo or” refe rs to all floors in a build ing, including the roof level. The roof lev el can be taken as non -habit able if it
is not used for any purpose/ activity other than housing M&E plants/ equipment, e.g. lift motors, fire pumps, generators,
fire hose reel pumps, wate r supply pumps, water tanks, cooling towers, solar photovoltaic panels, supply/ exhaust fans
with associated ductwo rk, air -con con densing units, telecommunication equi pment, satellite dishes, public warni ng sirens,
gree n ro ofs inacce ssible to public and fo r mainte nance access only, etc.

1.4.65 Habitable height

Effective Date: 15 Sep 2020

E
“Ha bitable heig ht” refe rs to the heig ht measured from the level of fire engi ne accessways or fire engi ne access roads,
whichever is the lo west, to the finished flo or level of the highest habitable floor.

1.4.66 Height of building

E
“Hei ght of build ing ” refe rs to the vertical distance measured from the average level of the ground adj oining the outside of
the external walls of the buil ding to the level of h alf the vertical height of the roof of the buildi ng or part, or the top o f the
walls or of the p ara pet (if an y), whichever is high er.

1.4.67 High containment facility

“Hig h containme nt facility” refers to containment la boratory, including the interstitial space, waste treatment area,
anteroom, etc.) of Bio -safety Level 3 [BSL -3] and maximum containment laborat ory of Bio -safety Level 4 [BSL -4] as
defined i n the WHO L abo r at ory Bio-Safety Manual. They are designed to comply with the requi rements of WHO and
autho rities having ju risdictio n for storing o r ha ndlin g of biological agents.

1.4.68 High hazard occupancy

“Hig h hazard occupancy” ref ers to any occupancy in whi ch the contents or activities include one or more of the f ollowi ng:

a. materials with auto -ig nitio n temperat ure lo wer than 200ºC, or

b. materials that pro duce po i sonous, noxious fumes, or flammable vapour, or

c. materials that cause explosions, or

d. high haza rd occupa ncies stipulated un der SS CP 52, or

e. highly combustible substa nces and/ or flammabl e liqui ds.

1.4.69 Hospital

Effective Date: 2 Mar 2020

“Hospital ” is a buildi ng used for medical and su rgical care and shall include healthcare facilities with 24 -hr or inpatient
services, such buildings include the foll owin g:

a. General hospitals;

b. Psychiatric hospitals (Institute of Mental Healt h)

c. Children/ Wom en hospita l s; and

d. Community hospitals.

1.4.70 Load-bearing wall

“Loa d-bea ring wall” refe rs to a wall which sup ports any l oad in addition to its own weight.

1.4.71 Masonry

“Masonry” refers to brick or concrete construction.

1.4.72 Mechanical ventilation

Effective Date: 2 Mar 2020

“Mechanical ventilati on” refe rs to any system that uses mechanical means such as ventilation fan, to introduce outdoor air
to a space when n atural ven tilation mode can not be achi eved during normal and fire emergency situations. This includes
supply venti lation, exhaust ventilation, p ressurisation, s moke purgi ng, mechanical engineered smoke control systems,
balance d systems that consist of both supply and exhaust ventilations, etc.

1.4.73 Non-combustible material

E
“No n-combustible mate rial ” refers to any material which neither burns nor gives off flammable vapour in sufficient quantity
to ignite wh en subjected to t he test for combustibility prescribed in BS 476 Part 4 , and includes materi als of limited
combustibility, such as:

a. any material of de nsity 300kg/m or more, which when tested in accordance wit h BS 476: Part 11 , does not flame,
3

and the rise i n temperature on the furnace therm ocoupl e is not more than 20° C;

b. any material with a non -combustible core at least 8mm thick having combustible facings (on one or both sides ) not
more than 0.5mm thick; and

c. any material of density less than 300kg/m , which when tested in accordance with BS 476: Part 11 ,
3

(1) d oes not flame for mo re than 10 sec;

(2) the rise in tempe rature o n the centre (specimen) thermocouple is not more than 35°C; and

(3) the rise in tempe rature o n the furn ace thermocouple i s not more than 25° C.

1.4.74 Non-load-bearing wall

“No n-lo ad-bea rin g wall ” refe rs to a wall which supp orts no load other than its own weight.

1.4.75 Notional boundary

E
“Notio nal b ound ary” refers t o an imagin ary bo und ary whi ch exists at equal distance between buildi ngs on the sam e site, or
the centre of the wi dth of a public ro ad/ drain/ sewer res erve, provided that the boundary is fronting the respective
reserves.

1.4.76 Nursing care facility

Effective Date: 2 Mar 2020

"Nursing ca re facility" refers to a buildin g, or pa rt thereof, used for the housing and nursing care of persons on a 24 -hr
basis who, because of physi cal incapacity, may be unabl e to care for thei r own needs and safety without assistance of
other p ersons. These faciliti es provide in patient medical care and include the foll owi ngs:

a. Nursing h omes;

b. Convalescent homes; an d

c. Hospice.

1.4.77 Occupant load

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

E
“Occupant loa d” of a b uildin g, or pa rt there of, refers to the total number of persons that can occupy such a buildi ng, or
part the reof, at any one time . The “occupant lo ad” shall be determi ned by:

a. multiplying the floo r are a(s) available fo r occupation with the appropriate areas per person as stated in Tabl e
1.4B, unless prior a pp roval i s obtained from SCDF for any other occupancy load factors not stated in this table, or

b. the numbe r of fixed seatin g, if applicable, for assembl y occupancies.

1.4.78 One-way travel

“One -way travel ” refe rs to a situation whe re occupa nts within a space can only travel in a single route/ direction, from the
most remote point, to an exit or a splitting poi nt to reach multiple exits.

1.4.79 Outdoor Display Area (ODA)

“Outdo or displ ay area ” ref ers to an area al ong the comm on walkways in front of their shops where the shop owner/
operator displ ays his merchandises. The area can be open - to-sky, covered or roofed -over with extended awning/ canopy.

1.4.80 Outdoor Refreshment Area (ORA)

“Outdo or refreshme nt are a” refers to an a rea alon g the common walkways in front of their eati ng houses, restaurants,
coffee shops, hawker centre s, fast food outlets, cafeterias, canteens, pubs, bars and the like by their respective food &
bevera ge outl et’s owne r/ op erato r. The area can b e open -to-sky, covered or roofed -over with umbrell a or extended
awnin g/ canopy.

1.4.81 Permitted limit of unprotected area

E
“Permitted limit of unp rotected area” refers to the maximum aggregate area of unprot ected areas in any side or external
wall of a buil ding or compa rtment.

1.4.82 Plastic

“Plastic” refers to any group of organic mate rials which, though stabl e in use at ambi ent temperatures, are plasti c at some
stage in their man ufacture a nd then can b e shape d by the application of heat and/ or pressure. Plastics can be
categorised as either the rmo plastics or thermosetting plastics.
1.4.83 Pressurisation

Effective Date: 2 Mar 2020

“Pressurisation ” ref ers to a mechanical ventilation system that introduce positive differenti al pressure to a space/ room to
prevent smoke ingress durin g a fire eme rgency.

1.4.84 Private lift

E
“Private lift” refe rs to a passenge r lift which is meant for the exclusive use of occupants in the building, and is located t o
open its doo r directly into private enclosed spaces. Vehicle lifts, home lifts and stair lifts are not considered private lif ts.

1.4.85 Protected shaft

E
“Protected shaft” refers to a n exit staircase, exit passageway, lift, chute, duct or other shaft which enables persons,
things or ai r to pass from on e compartment to an other.

1.4.86 Protecting structure

E
“Protecting structure” refers to a wall, floor o r othe r part of the buildi ng which encloses a protected shaft. The fol lowing
are n ot considere d protectin g structure:

a. a wall which also fo rms part of an extern al wall, separating wall or compartment wall, or

b. a floor which is also a co mpartment floo r or a floor lai d directly on the ground, or

c. a roof.

1.4.87 Purpose Group (PG)

E
“Purp ose Gro up” refers to th e categorisatio n of buildings in this Code, with the aim of specifying relevant fire safety
criteria for th at buildi ng type . Where a b uildi ng is divided into compartments used for different purposes, the purpose
grou p of each co mpa rtment shall be dete rmine d individually, provided that where the whole or part of a buildi ng or
compartment is used for more than on e pu rpose, only the main purpose of that buil ding or compartment shall be taken into
account in determi ning int o which pu rpose g rou p it falls. See Table 1.4A .

1.4.88 Refuge floor

“Refu ge floo r” refers to a flo or ad equ ately separat ed from the rest of the building by fire -resisting construction. It serves
as an are a whe re evacue es can tempora rily take refuge for buildings with long vertical evacuation routes to the building’s
external space.
1.4.89 Relevant boundary

E
“Rel evant bou nda ry” ref ers to the lot bou nda ry in relati on to a buildi ng’s external wall or compartment. For the purpose of
unprotected op enin gs setback calculation, it may also be the notional boundary.

1.4.90 Remoteness of exits

E
“Remote ness of exits” refers to exits which are remotely located from each other, arranged and constructed to minimise
the possibility that more tha n one would b e re nde red unusable during a fire, or other emergency conditions.

1.4.91 Roof light

E
“Ro of light” refers to any ele ments in a roof inten ded to admit daylight.

1.4.92 Room

E
“Ro om” refe rs to an enclose d space boun ded by walls that is not an enclosed circulation space or protected shaft at most
750mm in dept h.

1.4.93 Separated part (of a building)

E
“Sepa rated p art” refe rs to a form of compartmentation from another part of the same building by a compartment wall which
runs full hei ght of the pa rt and is in one contin uous plane.

1.4.94 Separating wall

E
“Sepa rating wall ” refers to a wall used to divide o r portion adjoi ning buildi ngs under different ownership.

1.4.95 Setback distance

“Setback distance” refe rs to the distance betwe en a building and its rel evant boundary, which is meant for the purpose of
preventi ng fire spread b etwe en buil dings/ prope rties.

1.4.96 Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF)

“Singa pore Civil Defe nce Fo rce” refe rs to the Commissioner of Singapore Civil Def ence Force and includes officers
autho rised by him gen eral ly or specifically to exercise the powers, functions and duti es conferred by the Fire Saf ety Act.

1.4.97 Single point emergency lighting

“Single p oint eme rge ncy lighting” refers to an eme rgency lighting system employing self -contained emergency luminaires

1.4.98 Smoke-check door

E
“Smoke-check door” refe rs to a doo r or set of doo rs placed in an int ernal corri dor to restrict the spread of smoke by
reducin g draft.

1.4.99 Smoke-free lobby

E
“Smoke-fre e lobby” refe rs to a lobby located at the entrance of an exit staircase. It is designed to help prevent or
minimise the entry of smoke into the staircase.

1.4.100 Storey

“Storey” refers to any floor o r part the reof, includ ing pl atforms, mezzanines, attic levels and M&E floors.
1.4.101 Super high-rise residential building

“Supe r high -rise reside ntial buildi ng” refers to a resident ial buildi ng with more than 40 storeys/ levels.

1.4.102 Supervisory care facility

Effective Date: 2 Mar 2020

“Supe rvisory care facility” re fers to a buildin g or p art thereof, used for the housing, on a 24 -hr basis, of mental health
patients, natal cares, age d a nd individ uals und er welfare cares, who may be capabl e of self -preservation but require
supervision an d are receivin g thera py, training or other health -rel ated care and for whom there may be security measures
not und er thei r control. Such facilities shall include the followi ngs:

a. Homes for intellectual ly disabled;

b. Psychiatric reha bilitation homes;

c. Dementia homes;

d. Pre/ post natal care centres; and

e. Welfare h omes.

1.4.103 Tenancy unit

E
“Tena ncy unit” refe rs to an individual unit or sub divided unit within a buildi ng or a compartment, and which is managed by
a different o perator registered with the a utho rity having jurisdiction.

1.4.104 Thermoplastics

“The rmoplastic” ref ers to a class of plastic materials that is capable of being repeatedly softened by heating and hardened
by cooling. A material can b e considere d as thermo plastic if it is a synthetic polymeric material which has a softening
point bel ow 20 0°C when test ed to BS EN ISO 306 Method A120 Plastics – Thermoplastic materials – Determination of
Vicat softening temperatu re .

1.4.105 Thermosetting plastic

“The rmosetting plastic” refe rs to a class of plastic materials that will undergo a chemi cal reaction by the application of
heat, pressure, catalysts, etc., leading to a rel atively infusible, non -reversible state.

1.4.106 Toxin

“Toxin” refers to the toxins stipulated in th e Fifth Schedule of the Biological Agents and Toxins Act.

1.4.107 Travel distance

E
“Travel distance ” refe rs to the distance req uire d to be traversed from the most remote point in any room or space t o the
edge of a d oo r ope ning, di re ctly to:

a. an exit staircase, or

b. an exit passageway, or

c. an open extern al space,

unless otherwise permitte d unde r this Code as in the case of residential apartments, maisonettes and exits to areas
of refuge.

1.4.108 Two-way travel

“Two -way travel ” refe rs to a situation whe re occupa nts within a space have the choic e of more than one route/di rection
from a splitting point to reach multiple exits.

1.4.109 Unmanned building

An “unman ned b uildi ng” refe rs to a buildin g which is not manned by operation or security personnel after office or
operating h ours.

1.4.110 Unprotected area

E
“Un protected are a”, in relati on to a side or exte rnal wall of a building, refers to:

a. a windo w, doo r or ot her o penin g;

b. any part of the extern al wall which has less than the relevant fire resistance; and

c. any part of the external wall which has combustible m aterial more than 1mm thick attached or appli ed to its
external face, wh ether fo r finishes or any othe r purpose.

1.4.111 Ventilation openings

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2022

“Ventilatio n ope nings” refe r to fixed natural ventil ation openings located in external walls for any space, which shall be
unobstructed at all times, and exclude win dows or l ouvres that are openabl e or operable. The fixed louvres shall consist
of a single bank of louvres with blade width not exceeding 150mm, with effective ventilation openings calculated based on
the free a rea calculati on stated belo w:
1.4.112 Vertical exit

Effective Date: 2 Mar 2020

E
“Vertical exit” refe rs to an e xit staircase or exit ramp which serves as a required exit from one or more storeys above or
below gro und level.

1.4.113 Wall surface

Effective Date: 2 Mar 2020

E
“Wall surface ”, in the contex t of internal surfaces, refers to the surface of glazing, and any part of the ceiling sloping at an
angle of 7 0º or more to the horizont al. It does not include:

a. door frames and u nglaze d parts of doors, or

b. windo w frames an d frame s in which glazing is fitted, or

c. architraves, cover moulds, picture rails, skirtings and similar narrow members, or

d. fitted furniture.

1.4.114 Workers’ dormitories

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

E
“Worke rs’ dormito ries” refers to buildings or spaces in buildings where group sleeping accommodation is provided for
worke rs.

Related Diagrams & Tables

TABLE 1.2A : CODES & STANDARDS

Name Description Remarks

SINGAPORE STANDARDS

CoP for Wiring of Electrical Equipment of

SS CP 5 Replaced by SS 638
Buildings

CoP for the Installation and Servicing of Electrical

SS CP 10 Replaced by SS 645
Fire Alarm System

SS CP 52 CoP for Automatic Fire Sprinkler System

Specifications for Welded Low Carbon Steel

Cylinders for Storage and Transportation of Low-
SS 99 Pressure Liquefiable Gases

Specification for Unplasticised PVC pipe for Cold

SS141
Water Services and Industrial Uses

Unplasticised PVC Pipes and Fittings for Soil,

SS 213
Waste and Vent Application

Portable Fire Extinguishers Replaced by SS EN 3 - 7 to 10

SS 232 Pt 1 to 6

Specifications for Flexible Rubber Tubing, Rubber

Hose and Rubber Hose Assemblies for Use in
SS 233 LPG Vapour Phase Installations
 Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas
Replaced by IEC 60079
SS 254 Atmospheres

Luminaires -
Replaced by IEC 60598-2-22
SS 263 Pt 2
Particular Requirements for Luminaires for
Emergency Lighting

Specifications for Pressure Regulators for LPG

SS 281

Caution Labelling for Hazardous Substances Replaced by SS 586

SS 286

Specifications for Valves for Use with Domestic

SS 294 and Industrial LPG Cylinders

Fire Resistant Cables

SS 299

Specification for Fire Door

SS 332

Specification for Fire Dampers

SS 333

Specification for Fire Shutters

SS 489

Graphical Symbols - Safety Colours & Safety

Formerly SS 217 & SS 364
SS 508 Signs

Pt 1 Design Principles for Safety Signs & Safety

Markings

Pt 2
Design Principles for Product Safety Labels

CoP for the design, construction and operation of

SS 512
pipeline service corridors

Formerly CP 40

SS 532 CoP for the Storage of Flammable Liquids

CoP for Installation, Operation, Maintenance,

Performance astructional Requirements of Mains Formerly CP 31
SS 535 Failure Standby Generating Systems

CoP for Emergency Voice Communication

Formerly CP 25
SS 546 Systems in Buildings

CoP for Installation, Operation and Maintenance

Formerly CP 2
SS 550 of El Passenger and Goods Lifts

Formerly CP 16

SS 551 CoP for Earthing

CoP for the Design, Installation & Maintenance of

Em Lighting and Power Supply Systems in Formerly CP 19
SS 563 Building

Pt. 1
Emergency lighting

Pt. 2 Installation Requirements and Maintenance

Procedures

Formerly CP 1
SS 572 CoP for the Use of Timber in Buildings
 CoP for Fire Hydrant, Rising Mains and Hose Reel Formerly CP 29
SS 575
System

CoP for the Use and Maintenance of Portable Fire Formerly CP 55

SS 578
Extinguishers

Specification for Hazard Communication for

Replaces SS 286
SS 586 Hazardous Chemicals and Dangerous Goods

CoP for Gas Installation Formerly CP 51

SS 608

CoP for Fire Safety for Open Plant Processing

SS 634
Facilities in Oil, Chemical and Process Industries

SS 638 CoP for Electrical Installations Formerly CP 5

CoP for Fire Safety for Laboratories Using

SS 641
Chemicals

CoP for the Installation and Servicing of Electrical

SS 645 Formerly CP 10
Fire Alarm Systems

TR 77 Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Systems

Planning and Performance Assessment of

Pt 1 Electrical Energy Storage Systems – General
Specification

Safety Considerations for Grid-integrated EES

Pt 2
Systems – General Specification

Portable Fire Extinguishers -

Replaces SS 232 Pt. 1 to 6
SS EN 3-7
Part 7 : Characteristics, performance requirements
and test methods

Portable Fire Extinguishers -

Part 8 : Additional requirements to SS EN 3-7 for

SS EN 3-8 the construction, resistance to pressure and
mechanical tests for extinguishers with a
maximum allowable pressure equal to or lower
than 30 bar

Replaces SS 232 Pt. 1 to 6

Portable Fire Extinguishers -

SS EN 3-9
Part 9 : Additional requirements to SS EN 3-7 for
pressure resistance if CO extinguishers

Portable Fire Extinguishers -

SS EN 3-10
Part 10 : Provisions for evaluating the conformity
of a portable fire extinguisher to SS EN 3-7

AMERICAN STANDARDS

ANSI American National Standard Institute

 American National Standards for Ladders - Fixed -
A14.3
Safety Requirements

Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and/ or

Extent & Time of Burning of Plastics in a
ASTM D635 Horizontal Position

Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof

ASTM E108 Coverings

Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building

ASTM E119
Construction & Materials

Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density

ASTM E 662
of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials

Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of

ASTM E814
Penetration Firestop Systems

Standard Test Method for Determining Fire

ASTM E2307 Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barriers Using
Intermediate – Scale, Multi-story Test Apparatus

Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water

NFPA 16
Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems Formerly NFPA 16A

NFPA 30
Flammable & Combustible Liquids Code

Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable

NFPA 33
or Combustible Materials

Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using

NFPA 45
Chemicals

NFPA 54 National Fuel Gas Code

NFPA 55 Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code

NFPA 58 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code

Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Resistance of

NFPA 251
Building Construction & Materials

Standard Method of Test for Critical Radiant Flux

NFPA 253 of Floor Covering Systems Using a Radiant heat
Energy Source

Recommended Practice for Determining Smoke

NFPA 258
Generation of Solid Material

Standard Methods of Tests for Flame Travel and

NFPA 262 Smoke of Wires and Cables for Use in Air-
Handling Spaces
 Standard Fire Test Method for Evaluation of Fire
NFPA 285 Propagation Characteristics of Exterior Wall
Assemblies Containing Combustible Components

NFPA 400 Hazardous Materials Code

NFPA 430 Code for the Storage of Liquids & Solid Oxidizers

Replaced by NFPA 400

Code for the Storage of Organic Peroxide
NFPA 432
Formulations

NFPA 495 Explosive Materials Code

Standard for Road Tunnels, Bridges and other

NFPA 502
Limited Access Highways

NFPA 750 Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems

NFPA 2001 Standard on Clean Agent Fire Protection Systems

Standard for Safety Relief Valves for Anhydrous

UL 132
Ammonia and LP-Gas

Standard for LP-Gas Regulators

UL 144

UL 217 Standard for Smoke Alarms

Standard for Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishing

UL 300 Systems for Protection of Commercial Cooking
Equipment

Standard for Safety Centrifugal Stationary Pumps

UL 448
for Fire Protection Service

UL 555 Fire Dampers

Standard for Emergency Lighting and Power

UL 924
Equipment

AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS

AS 1530 Methods for Fire Tests on Building Materials,

Components & Structures

Pt 4 Fire-resistance Test of Elements of Construction

AS 2208
Safety Glazing Materials in Buildings

AS/NZS 2293 Emergency Lighting and Exit Signs for Buildings

Pt 1 System Design, Installation and Operation

AS 2714
The Storage & Handling of Organic Peroxides

AS 2941 Fixed Fire Protection Installations - Pumpset

Systems
 Smoke Alarms Using Scattered Light, Transmitted
AS 3786
Light or Ionization

AS 4391
Smoke Management Systems - Hot Smoke Test

AS 4326
The Storage & Handling of Oxidizng Agents

AS 4587 Water Mist Fire Protection Systems - System

Design, Installation and Commissioning

BRITISH STANDARDS

BR 186 Design Principles for Smoke Ventilation in

Enclosed Shopping Centres
Published by Fire Research Station, Building Research Establishment, Borehamwood,
Herts WD62BL

BR 258 Design Approaches for Smoke Control in Atrium

Buildings

Published by Con- struction Research Communications Ltd by permission of Building Re-

BR 368 Design Methodologies for Smoke and Heat search Establishment Ltd
Exhaust Ventilation

BS 476
Fire Tests on Building Materials and Structures

Classification and Method of Test for External Fire

Pt 3
Exposure to Roofs

Pt 4

Non-Combustibility Test for Materials

Pt 5
Method of Test for Ignitability

Pt 6
Method of Test for Fire Propagation for Products

Pt 7 Method of Test to Determine the Classification of

the Surface Spread of Flame of Products

Pt 11 Method for Assessing the Heat Emission from

Building Materials

Pt 20 Method for Determination of the Fire Resistance of

Elements of Construction (General Principles)

Pt 21 Methods for Determination of the Fire Resistance

of Load- Bearing Elements of Construction

Pt 22 Method for Determination of the Fire Resistance of

Non-Load- Bearing Elements of Construction
 Pt 23 Methods for Determination of the Contribution of
Components to the Fire Resistance of a Structure

Pt 24 Method for Determination of the Fire Resistance of

Ventilation Ducts

BS 1230 Pt 1 Specification for Plasterboard Excluding Materials Replaced by BS EN 520

Submitted to Secondary Operations

BS 2594 Specification for Carbon Steel Welded Horizontal Withdrawn

Cylindrical Storage Tanks

BS 3016 Replaced by BS EN 16219

Specifications for Pressure Regulators for LPG

Specification for Unplasticized PVC Soil and

BS 4514 Ventilating Pipes of 82.4mm Minimum Mean
Outside Diameter, and Fittings and Accessories of
82.4mm and of Other Sizes

BS 5041
Fire Hydrant Systems Equipment

Pt 1
Specification for Landing Valves for Wet Risers

Pt 3 Specification for Inlet Breechings for Dry Riser

Inlets

BS 5234
Partitions (including matching linings)

Pt 2 Specification for Performance Requirements for

Strength and Robustness including Methods of
Test

Selection, Installation and Maintenance of

BS 5345 Electrical Apparatus for Use in Potentially
Explosive Atmosphere (Other than Mining
Applications or Explosive Processing and
Manufacturing)

Replaced by BS EN 60079-14

Pt 1
General Recommendations

Pt 3 Installation and Maintenance Requirements for

Electrical Apparatus with Type of Protection ‘d’.
Flameproof Enclosure

BS 5499
Fire Safety Signs, Notices and Graphic Symbols

Pt 2 Withdrawn
Specification for Self-Luminous Fire Safety Signs

BS 5588 Fire Precautions in the Design, Construction and

Use of Buildings
 Pt 5 Withdrawn
CoP for Firefighting Stairways and Lifts

BS 5852 Methods of Test for Assessment of the Ignitability

of Upholstered Seating by Smouldering and
Flaming Ignition Source

BS 6206 Specification for Impact Performance Replaced by EN 12600

Requirements for Flat Safety Glass and Safety
Plastics for Use in Buildings

Test Method for Resistance to Fire of Cables

BS 6387 Required to Maintain Circuit Integrity under Fire
Conditions

BS 6391 Specification for Non-Percolating Layflat Delivery

Hoses and Hose Assemblies for Fire Fighting
Purposes

BS 7346 Components for Smoke and Heat Control

Systems

Pt 2 Specification for Powered Smoke and Heat Withdrawn

Exhaust Ventilators

Pt 3 Withdrawn
Specification for Smoke Curtains

BS 7346 Components for Smoke and Heat Control

Systems

Pt 7 CoP on Functional Recommendations and

Calculation Methods for Smoke and Heat Control
Systems for Covered Car Parks

Electric Cables. Thermosetting Insulated,

Armoured, Fire-resistant Cables of Rated Voltage
BS 7846 600/1000V for Fixed Installations, Having Low
Emission of Smoke and Corrosive Gases when
Affected by Fire. Specification

BS 8202
Coatings for Fire Protection of Building Elements

Pt 2 CoP for the Use of Intumescent Coating Systems

to Metallic Substrates for Providing Fire
Resistance

EN 54
Fire Detection and Alarm Systems

Pt 2
Control and Indicating Equipment

Pt 4
Power Supply Equipment

BS EN 520 Gypsum Plasterboards. Definitions, Requirements Replaces BS 1230 Pt 1

and Test Methods
BS EN 12101-1 Smoke & Heat Control Systems – Specification for
Replaces BS 7346 Pt 3
Smoke Barriers

BS EN 12101-3 Smoke & Heat Control Systems – Specification for

Replaces BS 7346 Pt 2
Powered Smoke & Heat Control Ventilators (Fans)

BS EN 13501-1
Fire Test to Building Materials - Classification

BS EN 50054 Electrical Apparatus for the Detection and

Measurement of Combustible Gases. - General
Requirements and Test Methods

Electrical Apparatus for the Detection and

BS EN 50057 Measurement of Combustible Gases. -
Performance Requirements for Group II Apparatus
Indicating up to 100% Lower Explosive Limit

BS EN 50272-2 Safety Requirements for Secondary Batteries and

Withdrawn
Battery Installations. Stationary Batteries

BS EN 50272-3 Safety Requirements for Secondary Batteries and

Withdrawn
Battery Installations. - Traction Batteries

BS EN 60079-14 Explosive Atmosphere. Electrical Installations

Replaces BS 5345 Pt 1 & 3
Design, Selection and Erection

BS EN IEC 62485-2 Safety Requirements for Secondary Batteries and

Replaces BS EN 50272-2
Battery Installations - Stationary Batteries

BS EN IEC 62485-3 Safety Requirements for Secondary Batteries and

Replaces BS EN 50272-3
Battery Installations - Traction Batteries

EUROPEAN STANDARDS

EN 3 Portable Fire Extinguishers

Additional Requirements to EN 3 – 7 for the

Construction, Resistance to Pressure and
Pt 8 Mechanical Tests for extinguishers with a
Maximum Allowable Pressure Equal to or Lower
than 30 Bar

Additional Requirements to EN 3 – 7 for Pressure

Pt 9
Resistance of C02 Extinguishers

Fire Detection and Alarm Systems - Control and

EN 54 - 2
Indicating Equipment
 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems - Power Supply
EN 54 - 4
Equipment

EN 81 - 58 Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation

of Lifts. Examination and Tests. Part 58 - Landing
Doors Fire Resistance Test

Building Hardware – Emergency Exit Devices

EN 179
Operated by a Lever Handle or Push Pad

Gypsum Plasterboards – Definitions,

EN 520
Requirements and Test Methods

Fixed Firefighting Systems. Hose Systems. Hose

EN 671 - 1
Reels with Semi-Rigid Hose

Building Hardware – Panic Exit Devices Operated

EN 1125
by a Horizontal Bar

Building Hardware – Controlled Door Closing

EN 1154
Devices

Electrically Powered Hold Open Devices for Swing

EN 1155
Doors

Building Hardware – Door Coordinator Devices –

EN 1158
Requirements and Test Standards

EN 1303 Building Hardware – Cylinders for Locks

EN 1363 Fire Resistance Tests. General Requirements

Fire Resistance Test for Non-loadbearing

EN 1364
Elements

Pt 1 Walls

Fire Resistance Test for Loadbearing Elements.

EN 1365
Floors and Roofs

EN 1366 Fire Resistance Test for Service Installations

Pt 1 Ventilation Ducts

Pt 3 Penetration Seals

Pt 4 Linear Joint Seals

Pt 8 Smoke Extraction Ducts

Pt 9 Single Compartment Smoke Extraction Ducts

Fire Resistance and Smoke Control Tests for Door

EN 1634-1 and Shutter Assemblies, Openable Windows and
Elements of Building Hardware
 Fire Resistance Test for Door and Shutter
Pt 1
Assemblies and Openable Window

Ventilation for Buildings – Air Terminal Devices –

EN 1751
Aerodynamic Testing of Damper and Valves

Building Hardware. Lever Handles and Knob

EN 1906
Furniture. Requirements and Test Method

Building Hardware. Single-axis Hinges.

EN 1935
Requirements and Test Methods

Building Hardware. Door and Window Bolts.

EN 12051
Requirements and Test Methods

EN 12101 Smoke and Heat Control Systems

Pt 1 Specification for Smoke Barriers

Building Hardware. Mechanically Operated Locks

EN 12209 and Locking plates. Requirements and Test
Methods

Glass in Building. Pendulum Test. Impact Test

EN 12600
Method and Classification for Flat Glass

Fire Classification of Construction Products and

EN 13501
Building Elements

Classification Using Data from External Fire

Pt 5
Exposure to Roofs Tests

EN 13823 Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products -

Building Products excluding Floorings exposed to
the Thermal Attack by a Single Burning Item

Resilient, Textile and Laminate Floor Coverings.

EN 14041
Essential Characteristics

Thermal Insulation Products for Buildings. IN-situ

Formed Loose-fill Mineral Wool (MW) Products.
EN 14064 - 1
Specifications for the Loose-fill Products Before
Insulation

EN 14064 Smoke Alarm Devices

Building Hardware. Locks and Latches.

EN 14846 Electromechanically Operated Locks and Striking
Plates. Requirements and Test Methods
 Building Hardware – Mechatronic Cylinders –
EN 15684
Requirements and Test Methods

Paints and Varnishes. Reactive Coatings for Fire

EN 16623 Protection of Metallic Substrates. Definitions,
Requirements, Characteristics and Marking

Railway Applications – Fire protection on Railway

EN 45545
Vehicles

Requirements for Fire Behaviour of Materials and

Pt 2
Components

EN ISO 1182 Reaction to Fire Tests for Products - Non-

Combustibility Test

EN ISO 1716 Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products -

Determination of the Gross Heat of Combustion
(Calorific Value)

EN ISO 5659 Plastics - Smoke Generation

Determination of Optical Density by a Single-

Pt 2
chamber Test

EN ISO 11925 -2 Reaction to Fire Tests - Ignitability of Products

subjected to Direct Impingement of Flame - Part 2:
Single Flame Source Test

IEC STANDARDS

IEC 60079 Explosive Atmospheres

Luminaries – Part 2-22: Particular Requirements -

IEC 60598-2-22
Luminaries for Emergency Lighting

IEC 61730 Photovoltaic (PV) Module for Safety Qualification

Pt 2 Requirements for Testing

ISO STANDARDS

ISO 834 Fire resistance Tests - Elements of Building

Construction

Pt 1 General Requirements

Specific Requirements for Loadbearing Horizontal

Pt 5
Separating Elements

Pt 7 Specific Requirements for Columns

Specific Requirements for Non-loadbearing

Pt 8
Vertical Separating Elements
 Specific Requirements for Non-loadbearing
Pt 9
Ceiling Elements

ISO 1896 Thermal Insulating Asbestos Boards

Graphical Symbols – Safety Colours and Safety

ISO 3864
Signs

Design Principles for Safety Signs and Safety

Pt 1
Markings

Pt 2 Design Principles for Product Safety Labels

Design Principles for Graphical Symbols for Use in

Pt 3
Safety Signs

ISO 5149 Refrigerating Systems and Heat Pumps - Safety

and Environment Requirements

Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of

ISO 5167
Differential Pressure Devices

Graphical Symbols – Safety Colours and Safety

ISO 7010
Signs – Registered Safety Signs

Air Distribution and Air Diffusion – Aerodynamic

ISO 7244
Testing of Dampers and Valves

ISO 30061 Emergency Lighting

FACTORY MUTUAL RESEARCH COPORATION

Centrifugal Fire Pumps Spilt-close Type (Axial or

FM 1311
Radial)

Centrifugal Fire Pumps (Horizontal, END Suction

FM 1319
Type)

Note: SCDF shall not be held responsible for the accuracy of the standard titles shown in Table 1.2A.

TABLE 1.3A : ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation Definition
ACMV Air-Conditioning & Mechanical Ventilation
AFA Accessible Floor Area
AHJ Authority Having Jurisdiction
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AS Australian Standard
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating & Air-conditioning Engineers
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BRE Building Research Establishment
BS British Standard
BSL Bio-Safety Level
CD Civil Defence
CoC Certificate of Conformity
CoP Code of Practice
Cl. Clause
CERT Company Emergency Response Team
DIN German Institute for Standardization
DoC Declaration of Compliance
EC Exit Capacity
EN European Standard
FAMCP Fully Automated Mechanised Car Park
FCC Fire Command Centre
FM Factory Mutual
FMRC Factory Mutual Research Corporation
FSC Fire Safety Certificate
FSE Fire Safety Engineer
HFAD Home Fire Alarm Device
HR Hour
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
ISO International Organisation for Standardisation
LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas
MAQ Maximum Allowable Quantity
MCST Management Corporation Strata Title
MRA Mutual Recognition Arrangement
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
MV Mechanical Ventilation
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
NoA Notice of Approval
NZS New Zealand Standard
ODA Outdoor Display Area
OL Occupant Load
ORA Outdoor Refreshment Area
PE Professional Engineer
PG Purpose Group
PLS Product Listing Scheme
Pt Part
PWDs Persons With Disabilities
QP Qualified Person
RI Registered Inspector
SAC Singapore Accreditation Council
SCDF Singapore Civil Defence Force
SS Singapore Standard
SS EN Singapore Standard implementation of a European Standard
TFP Temporary Fire Permit
UL Underwriters Laboratories
VIFDs Video Image Fire Detection System
WHO World Health Organisation
TABLE 1.4A - DESIGNATION OF PURPOSE GROUPS
Purpose Group
Descriptive Title Purpose for which building or part of the building is used or intended to be used
(PG)
Residential dwelling house, such as:

I Small residential • bungalow • semi-detached house

• detached house • terrace house

Accommodation for residential purposes other than any premises comprised in PG I, such as:

• apartment • flat
Other
II
residential
• cluster housing • maisonette

• condominium • town house

Establishments used for treatment, care or maintenance of persons suffering from disabilities, such as:

• home for the spastic

• community hospital
• hospice
• convalescent home
• hospital
• home for intellectually disabled
• psychiatric hospital
• home for the aged
• nursing home
Establishments used for care or maintenance of young/ dependent persons, such as:
III Institutional
• children's home • infant-care centre

• correction centre • rehabilitation centre

• daycare centre • school for the spastic

• detention centre • senior activity centre

• dialysis centre • orphanage

Establishments used for educational/ training purposes, such as:

• college • polytechnic
 • commerical/ private • school • public school

• enrichment centre • tuition centre

• kindergarten/nursery • university

• military camp • vocational institution

Establishments used for worker lodging purposes, such as:

• workers' dormitory

Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for the purposes of administration and clerical work, or as premises occupied with an office for the purposes
of the activities therein carried on, such as:

• banking
IV Office
• stock broker
• insurance
• telephone/ telegraph operating
• publisher
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for the following purposes (and/or any other similar trades or businesses):

• beauty salon
• pet shop/ clinic
• book store
• polyclinic
• boutique
• provisional shop
• confectionary outlet
• shopping arcade
• departmental store
• shopping centre
V Shop • drugstore
• show flat
• gift shop
• showrooms for sale of goods
• hairdressing salon
• supermarket
• jewellery shop
• take-away F&B • outlet/ kiosk
• laundry
• ticketing agency
• outpatient clinic
• travel agency
• pawnshop
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors with manufacturing, processing, servicing or testing activities, such as:

• aircraft hangar
• oil refinery
• chemicals
• pharmaceutical
• consumable products
• power generation
• data/ server centre
• recycling
• electrical switching/ transmitting
• rubber
VI Factory • fireworks
• ship building
• food products
• telecommunication exchange
• glassware
• vehicle repair/ servicing
• highly combustible substances
• wafer
• highly flammable products
• waste treatment/ pumping
• incineration
• woodwork
• metalwork
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for accommodation purpose, such as:

• backpacker hotel • holiday resort

Place of public
VII
resort
• boarding house • serviced apartment

• hotel • student hostel

 • staff quarters
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for educational purpose, such as:

• auditorium • museum

• convention centre • public art gallery

• exhibition centre • public library

Premises used for social purpose such as:

• community centre • private club

Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for entertainment purpose, such as:

• casino • internet gaming centre

• cinema • karaoke lounge

• concert hall • night club

• discotheque • theatre
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for religious purpose, such as:

• church
• temple
• mosque
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for body treatment purpose, such as:

• body massage • gymnasium

• foot reflexology • Spa

Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for recreational purpose, such as:

• amusement centre
Place of public
VII
resort
• billiard/ snooker centre • public sport complex

• bowling centre • public swimming complex

• roof garden/ terrace • stadium

• sky garden/ terrace

Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for F&B purpose, such as:

• cafeteria
• food court
• canteen
• hawker centre
• coffee shop
• Pub/ bar
• eating house
• restaurant
• fast food outlet
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for transportation purpose, such as:

• airport terminal • ferry terminal

• bus terminal • train station

Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for the purposes of storing, depositing or parking of goods, materials and/or vehicles, such as:

• coldroom
VIII Storage • vehicle park
• godown
• warehouse
• store

Note: Requirements for buildings not listed in this Table, including but not limited to buildings used for the manufacture and/ or storage of highly combustible substances and/ or flammable
liquids, etc., shall be consulted with the SCDF.

TABLE 1.4B : OCCUPANT LOAD FACTORS

FUNCTIONAL SPACES FACTOR (m 2/person) REMARKS
Amusement park 1 excluding machine areas
Apartment, residential 15
Area of refuge
ambulatory care facility 1.4
custodian care facility 1.4
hospital 2.8
for area of refuge without patient
hospital 0.56
accommodation
nursing care facility 2.8
for area of refuge without patient
nursing care facility 0.56
accommodation
supervisory care facility 0.56
Archive room
reading area 5
stack area 10
Atrium floor 3
Audio visual area 3
Auditorium/ theatre
occupant load can be based on
With individual fixed seating 1.5
number of fixed seating
occupant load based on 450mm of
With fixed bench seating ---
length of the benches per person
Audio visual control room for theatres/ cinemas/ concert halls 5
Max. 20 persons per room
Backpacker hotel 3
(including living area, toilet, etc.)
Ball room 1.5
Banking hall 3
Bar/ pub 1
Bath room --- non-simultaneous
Bazaar 5
Billiards room 5
Book/ general storage 30
Bowling alley 1 excluding bowling lanes
Business centre/ office 10
Cafeteria 1.5
Canteen 1.5 including staff canteen
Car parking area 30
Changing room --- non-simultaneous
Children playground 5 including playground equipment
Classroom 1.5
Computer classroom 1.5
Club room 1.5
Concourse 3
Conference room 1.5
Consultant room 5
Common room 1.5
Computer room 5
Corridor --- non-simultaneous
Crematoria 1.5
Dance studio 5
Department store 5
Deposit/strong room 30
Design studio 5
Detention room 3
Dining area
Hawker centre 1.5
Fast food outlet 1
others 1.5
Discotheque 1 including dine & dance area
bedroom area only, excluding
Dormitory 4.2
living area, toilet, etc.
Examination room 5
Exposition/ Trade fair area 1.5
Fast food outlet 1
Filing room/ store 10

Foyer
1.5

Bus/ Airport/ Ferry terminal or station

Fitness club/ centre 5
Function room 1.5
Gallery
exhibits 2.5
choir 1.5
prayer 1.5
 occupant load can be based on
seating 1.5
number of fixed seating
trading 1.5
viewing 1.5
surgical viewing 3
General storage 30
Goods storage 30
Grandstand/ seating area 1.5
min. 2 persons per room or
Guestroom/ accommodation unit 15
15m2/person, whichever is higher
Gymnasium 3.5
Health club/ centre 5
Hobby room 1.5
Housekeeping 10
Indoor games room 1.5
Indoor sport hall
school with multi-purpose hall 3
school without multi-purpose hall 1
others 3
Karaoke lounge 1.5 including dine & dance areas
Kitchen/ service area 10
Laboratory
healthcare occupancy 20
schools/ colleges/ tertiary institutions 5
others 5
Laundry
with machine operation 15
others 10
Lecture room 1.5
Library room
stack area 10
reading area 5
Lighting control room
theatres/ cinemas/ concert halls 5
others 5
Loading/ unloading area 4 per bay
Lobby --- non-simultaneous
Locker room --- non-simultaneous
Lounge 2.5
Machine/ printing room 10
Maisonettes, residential 15
Mechanical plant room 30
Meeting room 1.5
Mortuary 30
Multi-purpose hall/ room
school/ colleges 1
others 1.5
Multi-purpose sports hall
public sport complex 3
public swimming complex 3
stadium 3
others 3
Night club 1.5 including dine & dance area
Nursing station 10
Office
Admin/ general 10
director/ manager room 15
drafting room/ area 5
Operation theatre 7.5
Orchestral pit 1.5
Out-patient waiting area 1.5
Packing/ distribution area 10
Pantry --- non-simultaneous
Passenger arrival/ departure areas
Bus/ Airport/ Ferry terminal or station 1.5
Patient accommodation
intensive care 20
room 10
ward 10
Pedestrian linkway
with commercial activities 2 aboveground or underground
without commercial activities --- non-simultaneous
Pharmacy
staff area 10
public waiting area 2
Prayer hall 1.5
Pre-function room --- non-simultaneous
Production area 10 automated or non-automated
Projection room
theatres/ cinemas/ concert halls 5
others 5
Promotion area 1.5
Pub 1
Reading room 5
Reception area 3
Recreation room 1.5
Refreshment area 1.5
Restroom --- non-simultaneous
Restaurant 1.5
Roof --- access for maintenance only
non-simultaneous part of individual
Roof garden/ roof terrace, private ---
residential unit
Roof garden/ roof terrace, public
health/ exercise corner 5 with exercise equipment
jogging track/ designated foot path<=3m in width 3
planter box <300m high 1.5
planter box =>300mm --- fully covered with trees/ shrubs
planter box =>300mm & <= 500mm high 1.5 turf
planter box >500mm high --- without step/ ramp access
sunken/ elevated water feature <300mm in depth/height 3 permanent or fixed structure
sunken/ elevated water feature =>300mm in depth/height --- permanent or fixed structure
sunken planting area --- fully covered with trees/ shrubs
sunken planting area 1.5 turf
other areas 1.5
Seminar room 1.5
Server room 30
Serviced apartment 15 per unit
Service area 10
Shop 5
Showroom 5
Sick room --- non-simultaneous
Skating rink
rink area 3
spectator area 1.5
Snack bar 1.5
Society room 1.5
include areas for weight training,
Spa 5 aerobics, massage, sauna/steam
bath and whirlpools
Squash court 2 per court
Staff office 10
Storage area 30
Staff canteen 1.5
Staff lounge 3
min. 2 persons per room or
Staff quarters 15
15m2/person, whichever is higher
Stage, back 3
Stage, front
schools/ colleges/ tertiary institutions 3
theatres/ cinemas/ concert halls --- non-simultaneous
Storage/ store room 30
Swimming pool
condominium/ apartment 5
hotel ---
private club ---
public sports complex 2.5
public swimming complex 2.5
serviced apartment ---
Swimming pool deck
condominium/apartment 10
hotel 10
private club 10
public sports complex 5
public swimming complex 5
serviced apartment 10
 min. 2 persons per room or
Student bedroom 15
15m2/person, whichever is higher
Supermarket 5
Therapy centre 10
Ticketing office 10
Toilet --- non-simultaneous
Trading floor 2
Training area
public sports complex 3
public swimming complex 3
stadium 3
Treatment room 5
Visitors lounge 3
Waiting area 3
Workshop
institutional 5
industrial 10

Note:

- All functional spaces shall be computed based on accessible floor area for the calculation of occupant load, unless specifically exempted under the “Remarks” column.

- The functional spaces stated above are non-exhaustive. Usage of other occupancy load factor is only allowed if permitted by SCDF.
CLAUSE 2.1 - GENERAL

RE
The provisions of this chapter shall serve to express the intentions for det ermini ng the design, construction, prot ection,
location, arran gement a nd maintena nce of exit facilities to provide safe means of escape for occupants from all buildings
here after e rected, alte red o r changed i n occupancy. Areas which are designated as means of escape, such as exit
staircase, fire lift lobby, smoke -free lo bby, exit passageway, escape corridor shall not be turned into other usage.

CLAUSE 2.2 - DETERMINATION OF EXIT REQUIREMENTS

2.2.1 General

RE
The dete rminatio n of exit re quirements for a buil ding shall be based upon the type of use or occupancy of the building, the
occupant load, the floor a re a, the travel distance to an exit and the capacity of exits as provided in Tabl e 2.2A and herei n.
Every storey of a building sh all be provided with exit facilities for its occupant load. Vertical exits provided from any
storey above groun d level may serve simultaneously all storeys above the ground l evel. Vertical exits provided from any
storey below g ro und level m ay serve all storeys below ground level, s ubj ect to the provisions of Cl.2.3.5 which prohibit
basement staircases being c ontinuo us with exit staircases serving the upper storeys, unless otherwise allowed by the
SCDF.

2.2.2 Mixed occupancy

E
Where differe nt parts of a b uildin g or storey of a buil ding are designed for different types of occupancies or used for
different p urp oses at the same time, the exit requirem ents of the entire buildi ng or storey of the buil ding shal l be
determin ed on th e b asis of that type of occupancy or usage having the strictest exit requirements or the exit requirements
for each buil din g section shall be dete rmine d sepa rately .

2.2.3 Multiple occupancy or use

E
Where a buil ding o r storey o f a building or a p art of a bui lding is used for multipl e purposes involving different activities at
different times, that purp ose or use involving the g reat est number of occupants shall form the basis for determini ng the
exit requirements.

2.2.4 Non-simultaneous occupancy

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

E
The floor a re as of toilets, locker rooms, lobbies, and corridors that are not occupied at the same time as other rooms or
spaces by building occupa nts, can be omitted from the occupant load calculations of that storey of the building in which
the storey is located.

2.2.5 Capacity of exits and exit facilities

RE
a. The capacity of exits, exit staircases, exit passageways, corridors, exit doors and other exit facilities shall be
measured i n units of half a metre's width. The number of persons per unit of width s hall be determined by the type of
occupancy and type of exit as listed under Table 2.2A . In the determination of each exit width, fractions of a unit
width less than 25 0mm shall not be factored in the meas urement. Where 250mm or more are added to one or m ore
full units, half of a unit of wi dth shall be factored in.

b. Where a room o r space is required to be p rovided wit h two exits, each exit shall be of sufficient width to
accommodate not less than half the total occupant load.

2.2.6 Determination of travel distance

The maximum travel distance for the resp ective types of occupancies shall be not greater than as laid down in T able
2.2A and re ad in conj unction with all of the followi ng:

a. In the case of a floor are a designe d with minimum two exits, the maximum travel distance as given in Table
2.2A shall be ap plicable. Th e maximum travel distance starting from the most remote point in any occupied space to
the nea rest exit, shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 2.2A .
RE
b. In a large flo or a rea witho ut sub -division of rooms, corridors and so forth, the travel distance can adopt the “direct
distance” concept as a guid e and shall n ot exceed two -t hird of the maximum travel distance permitted under T abl e
2.2A. Where th e larg e floo r area is un dergoin g sub -division of rooms, corri dors, etc., the maximum travel distance
shall be in accord ance with Table 2.2A .

RE
c. For the purpose of this clause, the most remote point from which the travel distance is measured shall be taken
as being 4 00mm from the en closure walls of the room or space.

E
d. In the case of a residenti al apa rtment or maisonette, the travel distance shall be determined based on the
provisions und er Cl. 9.2.1a.(5) .

e. Where a rea of refug e is provide d in lieu of required exits, travel distance shall be measured to the exit door at
the corrid or le adin g to the area of refu ge.

E
f. Where pe rmitted und er Cl .2.3.3 for exit staircases to be entered without the provi sion of an exit door, the travel
distance shall be measu red to a position wh ere the exit door woul d be installed if otherwise required.

E
g. Ancillary office within other purpose group s

Where an ancill ary office is housed wit hin a space belong to other Purpose Groups, the travel distance requi rement
for the ancilla ry office is allowed to be b ased on PG IV, provided:

E
(1) the a ncillary office is fire compartmented from spaces belongi ng to the other purpose groups; and

(2) the a ncillary office occupants shall have access to exit(s) within the ancillary office compartment leadi ng to
direct discharg e at gro und l e vel into an external space, exit staircase, or internal/ external exit passageway.

2.2.7 Minimum width of exit access door, exit door or other exit facilities

a. No exit, exit staircase or other exit facilities shall be narrower than the minimum width requi rement as specified
unde r Tabl e 2.2A . The mini mum clear width of an exit door/ exit access opening shall be not less than 850mm.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

E
b. Exit access doors servin g a room with an occupant l oad of not more than two persons shall not be less than
610mm in clear width.

c. A single leaf swing d oor a long the mea ns of egress shall not exceed 1.25m in clear width.

R
2.2.8 Maximum width of exit staircases

RE
a. The maximum width of exit staircases shall be not more than 2m. Where staircases exceed 2m in width, handrails
shall be used to divid e the staircase into sections of width not less than 1m or more than 2m.

b. For the pu rpose of det ermining the exit capacity of a staircase that is wider than 2m that forms part of the
requ ire d means of escape from any storey of the building, that part of its width in excess of 2m shall not be taken
into account.

2.2.9 Measurement of width

R
The measurement of width referred to un der Cl.2.2.7 and Cl.2.2.8 shall be the clear width, includi ng the wi dth of plinth to
balustra de or parapet wall:

a. For an exit stairca se

The clear wi dth shall be me asured b etwe en:

(1) the finish ed surfaces of the walls, if the staircase is enclosed on both sides by walls only, or

E
 (2) the finishe d surface of the wall a nd the inner side of the balustrade, if the staircase has a wall on one side
and a b alustrad e on the ot h er side, or

E
(3) the i nne r sides of the bal ustrades if the staircase has balustrades on both sides.

E
Note: The p rojection of h and rail into the clear widt h of a staircase shall not exceed 80mm on each side of the
staircase. If the projection e xceeds 80mm, the clear widt h of the staircase shall be measured from the inner
sides of the hand rails.

b. For an exit door

E
(1) In the case of an exit do or havin g a single leaf door, the openi ng shall be measured between the edge of
the doo r jamb an d the surfa ce of the door when opened at an angl e of 90°. See Diagram 2.2.9b. .

(2) In the case of a 2 le af exit door fitted with an approv ed automatic flush bolt, the clear openings shall be
measured betwe en the surf a ce of one leaf to the other door leaf when opened at an angle of 90°.

(3) If one of the d oor l eaves is bolted to the door frame and/ or floor by a manually operat ed bolt, this door leaf
shall not be conside red fo r the pu rpose of det ermini ng the exit capacity of the door. The opening of the other
door l eaf shall have a clea r width of not less than 850mm, measured between the edge of the bolted door leaf
and the surface of the other door l eaf, when opened at an angle of 90°.

(4) Door h ardwa re an d ha n drails which do not protrude more than 80mm into the clear width of exit opening
can be disre garded.

2.2.10 Number of exits from rooms and spaces

There sha ll be at least two d oor o peni ngs remote from each other which lead to exits from every room or enclosed space
in which the total occupa nt load exceeds the maximum permissible occupant load for one door as listed in the table bel ow:

TABLE 2.2.10 - PERMISSIBLE OCCUPANT LOAD FOR ONE DOOR

Type of Occupancy Max. Occupant Load

High hazard 25

Patient accommodation area 50

Classrooms 50

Godowns, stores, and factories not of high hazard type 50

Assembly 50

Note:

(a) The number and minimum width of exits for rooms and spaces with occupancy of more than 50 persons shall comply with provisions in Table9.7.3a. for assembly occupancy.
(b) For residential occupancy, see Cl.9.2.
(c) For healthcare occupancy, see Cl.9.3.2
(d) For office/shop/factory/warehouse occupancy, see Cl.9.4, Cl.9.5, Cl.9.6, and Cl.9.8
(e) For hotels, see Cl.9.7.2
(f) For assembly occupancy, see Cl.9.7.3.

2.2.11 Number of exit staircases or exits per storey

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

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There sha ll be at least two i ndep end ent exit staircases or other exits from every storey of a buildi ng, unl ess otherwise
permitted u nde r othe r subse quent p rovisions of the Code.

Exception
a. For non-habit able roof that is able to comply with one -way travel distance, at least one exit staircase shall be
provide d. The travel distanc es for roof areas which are open -to-sky shall be based on the requi rements for spri nkler -
protected b uildi ngs.

b. For non-habit able roof that is unable to comply with one -way travel distance to t he exit staircase, an additional cat/
ship ladde r ad equ ately sepa rated in accordance with Cl. 2.3.12 and leading to the circulation area of the floor bel ow shall
be provided. All access hatches, if provided, shall b e readily accessible from the roof . Access hatch opening shall have a
minimum clear width of 1m i n diamete r. The travel distances for roof areas which are open -to-sky shall be based on the
requ irem e nts for sprinkler -p rotected buildi ngs.

c. Roof of the protrudi ng structures ab ove the non -habi table roof, namely exit staircase shafts and lift motor rooms.

2.2.12 Location of exits & access to exits

Effective Date: 15 Mar 2021

All exits and access facilities shall be requi re d to comply with all of the following:

a. Exits and access facilities shall be clearly visible or their locations shall be clearl y indicated and shall be kept
read ily accessible and uno b structed at all times.

b. Every occupant within a b uildin g or storey of a buil ding shall have direct access to the requi red exit or exits
without the n eed to p ass through a noth er room(s) or other tenanted space(s ). Where direct access to the required
exit or exits of the storey is not possible, occupants shal l only be allowed to pass through a maximum of one other
room or space belo ngin g to the same tenant with the foll owing conditions bei ng com plied with:

(1) the exit access door separatin g the rooms or spaces which the egress route passes through shall only be
fitted with electromecha nical device designed i n accordance with Cl.2.3.9k.(2) ;

(2) the doo rway of the exit a ccess door shall not be bloc ked/obstructed and be kept clear at all times.

(3) warning signs of wo rdin g “Exit Access Door - Keep Cl ear” shall be pl aced prominently on both sides of the
exit access door, and

(4) the egress paths throug h the exit access door shall be suitably demarcated.

Effective Date: 15 Mar 2021

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c. When more than o ne exit is require d from any room or space or a storey of a buil ding, each exit shall be pl aced
as remote as possible from the othe r as permitted under Cl.2.3.12a. , b., c. or d..

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2.2.13 Smoke-free approach to exit staircase

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Entry at every storey level (including 1st storey) to an exit staircase serving more than four storeys above ground level
shall be thro ugh any one of t he followi ng:

a. An extern al exit pa ssag eway or ex tern al corridor

The ope nings for n atural ventilation to the corridor shall be located such that they face and are open to any of the
followin g:

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(1) a n extern al space complying with Cl.2.3.11, or

(2) a stre et, service road o r other p ublic space which is open to the sky, or

(3) a n air well which opens vertically to the sky and has a minimum width of 6m and a superficial pl an area of
not less than 93m², except that for external corri dors, it shall comply with the requirements of Cl.2.3.10.

b. Smoke-free/ fire lift lob by

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(1) A smoke-free l obby shall be separated from the adjoi ning areas of the bui lding by a wall having 1-hr fire
resistance.

(2) The exit access door shall have ½ -h r fire resistance fitted with automatic self -closing device conforming to
the req uirem ents of Cl.3.9.2.
 (3) Th e design of a smoke -free lobby shall be such as not to impede movement of occupants through the
escape route.

(4) Th e floor a re a of a smoke -fre e lobby shall be at least 3m² and with minim um clear width of 1.2m. If a
smoke-free lob by also serve s as a fire lift lobby, the floor area shall be not smaller than 6m² and with minim um
clear width of 2m.

(5) Th e floor shal l be g rade d from the lift door towards the lobby door with a fall not exceeding 1 in 200.

(6) A smoke-free l obby, including fire lift lobby, which acts as buffer space for entry into the exit staircase and
use by firefighters du rin g emerge ncy, shall be maintained as common property.

(7) A smoke-free l obby shall be ventilated through any of the following:

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(a) Pe rmane nt fixed ventilation ope nings which are l ocated in the external wall of the lobby and have a
total area of not less than 1 5% of the floor area of the l obby.

Each openin g shall not b e le ss than 1m and shall abut an external space or air well, each having a
2

minimum clear area of 93m and minimum widt h of 6m and without obstruction vertically through out the
2

airspace for ventil ation. No part of the lobby floor area s hall be more than 9m away from the air well or
external space.

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

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(b) Mecha nical ventilation, e xcept for PG II buildings, which complies with the requirements in Chapter 7.

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(c) Cross -ventilate d corri do r/lobby which compli es with all of the followi ng:

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(i) The co rrid or/lo bby shall h ave fixed ventilation openings abutting an external space. The
ventilation op enin gs shall be located on opposite sides of the corridor/lobby at high l evel and shall
not be less than 50% of the superficial area of the oppos ing external walls.

(ii) No part of the flo or a rea of the corridor/lobby shall be at a distance of more than 12m from the
ventilation op enin gs.

(iii) Th e distance of 12m can be measured along the internal corridor via the intermediate ventilation
openi ng to the external spac e, provided there is no unprotected openings in the wall s along the path
to the external space. The i n termediat e ventilation openi ng shall not be l ess than 2m in width and
1.2m in heig ht and the width of the path to the external space shall not be l ess than 2m.

Note: For residenti al build in gs of habitable height more t han 24m wit h single exit staircase, the
requ ireme nts for the cross -ventilated corridor/lobby stipulated in Cl.9.2. 1a.(4)(e) shal l be complied
with.

c. Exception

(1) Th e omission of the smoke -free lo bby required under Cl.2.2.13b. leading to the exit staircase of any
buildi ng exceedi ng four storeys is allowed under any of the followi ng situations, provided the door opening int o
the exit staircases shall have 1 -h r fire resistance rating and fitted with an automatic self -closing devi ce to
comply with the requ ireme nt s of Cl.3.9.2:

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(a) W here the inte rnal exit staircase is provided with pressurisation up to a habitabl e height of 24m in
compliance with the req uire ments of Chapter 7;

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(b) W here an external exit staircase is constructed to comply with Cl.2.3.3b. ;

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(c) In an op en -sid ed car p ark floor where cross -ventilati on is provided in accordance with Cl.3.2.8a. & b.,
the fire do or to the exit staircase can be ½ -hr fire-rated.

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(d) On M&E floor of he ad roo m not exceeding 1.5m.

(2) Th e omission of a smoke -free l obby to exit staircases shall not be allowed under any of the following
situations:
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(a) W here the buil ding exceeds four storeys and belongs to PG III or VII.

(b) W here the inte rnal exit staircase, which is provided with pressurisati on, exceeds the habitable hei ght
of 24m.

(c) Whe re the exit staircase is adjacent to a fire lift as required in Chapter 6.

2.2.14 Smoke-free approach to exit staircase in basement

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a. In a buildin g comprising more than fo ur b asement storeys, the entry to exit staircases serving the basement
storeys at every basement storey level shall be through smoke-free lobbies, one of which shall be designated as a
fire lift lobby. The exit staircase connecting to the fire lif t lobby shall be pressurised to comply with the requi rem ents
in Cha pter 7.

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b. In a buildin g comprising t wo, three or fou r basement storeys, entry at every basement storey level to at least one
of the exit staircases serving the basement storeys shal l be through a smoke -free lobby. Where only one smoke -free
lobby is provide d, it shall be requi red to serve as a fire lift lobby.

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c. Smoke-free lobbies in b asement occupancies shall be required to comply with the relevant provisions
unde r Cl.2.2.1 3b. an d shall be mechanically ventilated to comply with the requirem ents in Chapter 7.

2.2.15 Area of refuge and exit reduction

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When a flo or a rea h as access to area(s) of refuge i n compliance with all of the followi ng requirements in this Clause, the
occupant load fo r which vert ical exits are to be accounted for the floor area can be reduced to half when one area of
refug e is provi ded and to o n e third when two or more areas of refuge are provided.

a. An area of refuge shall be adequ ate in size to hold the occupant load it receives from the floor area it serves as
provision for req uire d exit, in additio n to its own occupant load calculated on the basis of 0.3m per person except for
2

healthca re occupancies whe n the occupant load shall comply with the provisions under Cl.9.3.2b.(4).

b. An area of refuge shall be provide d with at least one s taircase for use by the occupants to gain access to other
exit staircases or the groun d level directly to an external space.

c. An area of refug e shall be entere d thro ugh an external corridor and the room or space or area of ref uge shall be
separate d from the corrido r by a wall with at least 1 -hr fi re resistance rati ng.

d. External corrid ors wh en u sed as entry into an area of refuge shall conform to the requi rements for external exit
passageway for minimum wi dth, changes in floor level, roof protection, enclosure on the open side and provision of
openi ng of wal l betwe en t he room or space and the exit passageway.

e. Exit doors between th e ro om or space or a rea of refuge and the external corridor shall have fire resistance of at
least ½-hr an d be fitted with an automatic self -closing device to comply with the requirements of Cl.3.9.2.

f. Every fire compartment in which exit reduction is permi tted in connection with area of refuge shall have in additi on
to exit through the are a(s) o f refuge at least one exit staircase complying with Cl.2.3.3.

CLAUSE 2.3 - MEANS OF ESCAPE REQUIREMENTS

2.3.1 General

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2021

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a. Means of escape shall be provide d for all b uildings by one or more of the facilities listed herei n. Access and exit
facilities not specifically covered i n this Code shall not be used without the approval of the SCDF. Required exits
shall be kept rea dily accessible, and d oors shall be openable and unobstructed at all times during the occupancy of
the buildi ng. Any future g rill e gate/do or swin g from units /service shaft into the common areas shall be indicated with
dotted lines on buildi ng pl an s to show the egress requirements are met, despite the door swing.

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2021

 b. Exit stairca se signage

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(1) Exit staircases serving all buildin gs (except PG I) shall be provided with a signage not smaller than 300 x
300mm and b e withi n the stairwell at e ach storey landi ng.

(2) Th e signag e shall contai n the followi ng information:

(a) the storey numbe r, at lea st 125mm in height; and

(b) a n identificatio n of the staircase in alphabetical and/ or numeric form, at least 25mm in height.

(3) Th e letters and numbe rs on the sign can be of any colour that provides contrast with the background colour.

(4) Th e signag e shall be loc ated such that it is visible when the door is in the open position and also visible to
any person movin g up o r do wn the staircase.

c. Fire escap e plan

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(1) A fire escape p lan shall be provided fo r all buil dings except PG I and displayed in common lobbies or lift lobbies
such that they are easily viewable by the buildi ng occupants and the general public passing through these comm on
areas. The fire escape p la n shall have legi ble lettering and the fire escape rout es made clear to the viewer. It shall
clearly show the layout of th e floor in the co rrect ori entation and hi ghli ght the escape routes (i n relati on to viewer’s
location), escape corrid ors a nd exit sta ircases using appropriate colours, directional signs and words. The
informatio n req uired on th e plan a re only for firefighting and evacuation purposes and shall include the l ocations of
the followi ng:

(a) Fi re lifts;

(b) Evacuation lifts;

(c) PWD holdi ng p oints;

(d) Hose re els;

(e) Fi re extinguish ers;

(f) Manu al ala rm call points; and

(g) Risin g mains.

(2) Fo r ensu ring le gibility of the fire escape pl an for buil dings with large floor areas, partial plan showing minimal ly 2
escape routes is acceptable. The plan shall sho w the egress paths to at least 2 remotely located exits/exit staircases,
including th e PWD hol ding p oints.

2.3.2 Exit passageways

a. Fire resistance

Exit passageways that serve as a means of escape or required exits from any building or storey of a buil ding shal l
have the re quisite fire resistance as specified under Cl.3.3.

b. Internal exit pas sagew a y

An internal exit passageway which serves as requi red ex it of a building shall comply with the following requirements:

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(1) it shall be enclosed with construction complying with the provisions of Cl.3.3;

(2) the enclosure walls shall have not more than two exit doors, excluding the final di scharge door and exit
staircase door, op eni ng into the exit passageway;

(3) exit do ors ope ning i nto a n exit passageway shall hav e fire resistance rati ng as required for exit doors
openi ng into exit staircases, be fitted with automatic self -closing device and comply with the requi rements
of Cl.3.9.2 for fire resisting doors;
 (4) the minim um width an d capacity of exit passageway shall comply with the requirements as provided in Table
2.2A;

(5) cha nges in level al ong a n exit passageway requi ring less than two risers shall be via a ramp complying with
the provisions un der Cl.2.3. 8; and

(6) if the exit staircase whic h connects to the internal exit passageway is pressurised, the internal exit
passageway shall also be pressurised to comply with the requi rements in Chapter 7.

c. External exi t pass agewa y

An external exit passage way can be used as a required exit in lieu of an internal exit passageway. It shall comply
with the follo wing requ ireme nts:

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(1) a ny ventilation op enin gs on the external wall between the exit passageway and the rest of the floor space
shall be of non -combustible construction, fixed at a level of at least 1.8m, measured from the finished floor
level of the passageway to the sill level of the openings and such ventilation openings shall be located not less
than 3m from any op enin g of an exit staircase;

(2) it is exempted from the li mitations of a maximum of two exit doors openi ng into t he exit passageway;

(3) it can be roofe d over p ro vided the de pth of the roofed over portion does not exceed 3m to avoid smoke
loggin g;

(4) it can be e nclosed on th e open side by only a parapet wall of not less than 1m and not more than 1.1m in
height a nd the vertical h eigh t of the unobstructed and uninterrupted ventilation openi ng measured from the
para pet wal l up to the top e d ge of the o p ening or eaves of overhang shall be not less than 1.2m; and

(5) exit do ors ope ning i nto a n external exit passageway shall have fire resistance rat ing of at least ½ -hr and
shall be fitted with an autom atic self - closing device.

d. Ventilation

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(1) All inte rnal exit passage ways shall be naturally ventilated by fixed ventilation openings in an external wall,
such ventilation ope nings be ing not less than 15% of the floor area of the exit passageway.

(2) Inte rnal exit passag eway s that cannot be naturally ventilated shall be mechanicall y ventilated to comply with
the req uirem ents in Cha pter 7.

2.3.3 Exit staircase

a. Internal exit s tair cas e

(1) Staircas e enclosur e

An internal exit staircase which serves as the required exit of the building shall be enclosed with construction
complying with the p rovision s of Cl.3.8. The enclosure walls of an internal exit staircase, excluding the final
discharge, shall n ot have more tha n two exit doors opening into the exit staircase shaft at each storey.

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(2) App roach ed via ex terna l exit pass ageway or exter nal corridor

Where an inte rna l exit staircase is directly approached from an external exit passageway or external corridor,
such enclosure bet wee n the staircase and the external exit passageway or external corri dor is not requi red.

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(3) Unp rote cted openings

There sha ll be no unp rotected ope nings of occupancy area or combustibl e material/c onstruction withi n 1.5m
horizont ally or withi n 3m vertically below any opening including final discharge openi ngs located in the external
walls of the internal exit staircase .

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(4) Exc eption

(a) Sing le storey basement car park

 Exit staircases serving a single storey basement of PG II to VII buildings are not required to be protected
with fire-rate d enclosures, provided the travel distances in the car park measured to the exit doors at
grou nd level comply with Ta ble 2.2A .

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

(b) Stand alo ne car pa rk

Doo rs to exit staircases of standalo ne car park buil dings that are without any commercial activities or non -
ancillary usage ca n be omitted, provided that all of the f ollowi ng conditions are com plied with:

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(i) The ca r park bui ldin g sha ll not exceed five storeys above ground. It shall not consist of any
basement storey, and shall not be connected to any other buil ding, except by open -sided covered
link -way.

(ii) At least two exit staircases shall be provided to serv e every upper storey. The two staircases
shall be located as remotely from one another as practicable. The exit openings to the staircases at
each storey shall have a cle ar width of not more than 1 m or less than 850mm and a clear height of
not more tha n 2m. The staircases shall be ventilated by fixed openi ngs in the external walls, such
openi ngs bein g of area not l ess than 10% of the floor area per floor of the staircase. Exit staircase
and occupa nc y area shall n o t share the same air well or void for lighting and ventil ati on.

(iii) Every storey shall be p rovided with cross ventilation. The building shall be open -sided having not
less than 50% of the sides (front, rear and sides elevations) permanently open, with such openings
being eve nly distribute d aro und the perimeter walls, excluding perim eter walls to air well, so as to
provide effective cross ventilation to all parts of the car parking decks.

(iv) No pa rt of the floo r space shall be more than 12m from the openi ngs on the peri meter walls of
the buildi ng o r air wells. Air wells where provided for this purpose shall have a superf icial plan area
of not less than 10m², and h ave a minimum dimension o n plan of 2m, open vertically to the sky for its
full height.

(v) The travel distance withi n each car parking deck shall comply with Table 2.2A . For upper storeys,
the travel distance re qui rem ent shall be measured to a position where the exit door t o the staircase
would have be en installe d if otherwise required.

(vi) The sepa ratio n distance between the nearest edge of exit opening to exit staircase and the
nearest edge of a ny vehicle parking l ot shall not be less than 3m.

b. External exit s tairc ase

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

(1) An exit staircase can qu alify as an external exit staircase provided it complies wi th Cl.1.4.50.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(2) An external exit staircase can be used as requi red exit in -lieu of internal exit staircase provided:

(a) it complies with the requ i rements for exit staircase, and

(b) the re is no u nprotected o penin g, or combustible material/construction within 3m horizontally or within

3m vertically below, or a djac ent or facing it.

Exception:

In a buildin g desig ned wit h e xternal corridor access, the access to the external exit staircase can be by
means of the ope n -side d externa l corridor adjoining the occupancy areas, subject to the followi ng:

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(i) the external corrido r shall be served by at least two exit staircases; and
 (ii) un obstructed ventil ation openi ngs shall be provided along the long side of the external corridor
above the p ara pet or b alustrade; and

(c) its final discharge le ads directly to an external space.

(3) Fi re-rate d doo rs to the external exit staircases shall be provided unless the conditions given
in Cl.2.3.3a (4 ) are fully complied with.

c. Discharg e

(1) All exit staircases shall discharge at ground level di rectly into:

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(a) a n extern al space, or

(b) a n ope n-sid ed extern al corri dor with no commercial activity and is not more than 5m from the buildi ng
eave line, or

(c) an op en-t o-sky corrido r h aving minimum width of 1.2m. and two -way escape paths leading to an
external space. Any unp rote cted openi ngs along the corridor shall not be located l ower than 1. 8m from the
floor level.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(d) a n air well of size complying with Table 1.4.2 and wit h discharge point at the grade level having at
least 2 separate d eg ress rou tes with direct access through circulation space to the building external.

(2) In a spri nkler -protected buildi ng, a maximum of 50% of the total number of exit staircase can be discharged
directly to the grou nd level c overed circul ation space provided all of the following are complied with:

(a) Th e discharg e poi nt of the exit staircase into the ground level circulation space shall be withi n sight of
and with di rect access to an external space.

(b) Th e maximum distance between the discharge poi nt of an exit staircase and the external space shall
not exceed 10m.

(c) Whe re the re are commercial activities e.g. shops or kiosks/carts located along one side or both sides
of the designate d escape p a ssageway leadi ng to an external space, a minimum separation distance of
10m shall be maintai ned bet ween the commercial acti vities and the designated escape passageway. The
circulation space shall also be installed with engi neered smoke control system. Alternatively, the
commercial activities shall be fire compartmented with walls and doors of minimum 1 -hr fire resistance
rating.

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(d) Th e clear wi dth of the ex it doors leading to an external space shall be adequate to receive the
occupant load i n the 1st storey circulation space and the total number of peopl e discharging from the
intern al exit staircases.

(3) In the case of a PG II residential buil ding not fitted with an aut omatic sprinkler system, at least 50% of the
total numbe r of exit staircases shall discharge to an external space and the remaini ng exit staircase can be
discharge d to the groun d level c overed circulation space provided the following are c omplied wit h:

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(a) the gro und level cove red circulation space shall be free of any commercial activity;

(b) the discharg e point into t he ground level circulation s pace shall be within sight of and provided with at
least two altern ative routes t o an external space;

(c) the maximum distance between the discharge poi nt of an exit staircase and the external space shall
not exceed 10m;

(d) the re shall n ot be more than fou r residential units opening i nto the designated es cape passageway at
grad e level into which the ex it staircase discharges; and

(e) the discharg e point of an exit staircase shall be effectively cross - ventilated such that:

(i) each e nd h as at least 50% permanent openi ngs; and

(ii) no part of the circulati on space shall be more than 10m from the openi ngs on the perimeter walls
of the buildi ng or air well.
 (4) Th ere sha ll be no unp rot ected open ings of occupanc y area or combustible materi al/construction within 3m
from discharge point of the exit staircase (both internal and external). This distance can be reduced to 1.5m if
the unp rotected o peni ngs are along th e same plane of the staircase exit.

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(5) Th ere sha ll be no obstru ction or any object encroaching, including any door swinging, onto the egress path
at the discharge point of the exit staircase. The width of the egress path at the discharge point shall not be less
than the wi dth of the exit staircase.

d. Minimum width and capacity

The minimum width a nd cap acity of exit staircases shall be as specified in Table 2.2A , and such staircases shall
comply with all of the followi ng:

(1) Winder s

Winde rs are n ot permitted in any buildin g other than for access staircases in a residential unit and in such
cases, there shall be not mo re than o ne wi nder per 90° t urn.

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(2) T reads fo r circular s tai rcas e

Where a circular staircase is used as an exit staircases or access staircase in PG I & II buildings, the width of
treads measured at the n arrowe r end shall be not less than 100mm in residential buildings and 125mm in other
buildi ngs and at a distance of ha lf metre from the narrower end shall be not less than 225mm in residenti al
buildi ngs and 2 50mm in othe r buildi ngs. Such staircase shall not be more than 10m in height.

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(3) Landings

The minimum clear wi dth an d length of a landing, where there is a change in di rection, shall not be less than
the clear wi dth of the exit staircase.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

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(4) Ri sers and tre ads

The heig ht of the riser fo r a ny exit staircase shall not be more than 175mm and depth of tread shall not be less
than:

(a) 2 25mm within reside ntial units and 275mm for comm on areas of residential buil di ngs;

(b) 2 50mm for PG VI and VIII buildings; and

(c) 275mm for all ot her b uild ings.

(5) Headroom

The clear h ead room shall b e at least 2m measured from the pitch line of the exit staircase or finished floor level
of the landi ng to the un dersi de of any obstruction.

(6) Handrails

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(a) Every exit staircase shall have handrails on both sides. For exit staircases with only 1.25m or less in
width, a ha ndrail can be p ro vided only at one side, i.e. the opposite side shall be eit her wall, parapet or
grilles.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(b) W here the widt h of the e xit staircase exceeds 2m, handrails shall be provided in accordance wit h the
requ ireme nts of Cl.2.2.8.

(7) Ventila tion

All exit staircases shall be ventilated by fixed openings in the external walls, such openings bei ng of area not
less than 10% of the floor area pe r floor of the staircase, or mechanically ventilated t o comply with the
requ ireme nts in Chapt er 7. Ventilation o peni ngs fronting an air well, external recessed space or external shall
 be in accord ance with Ta ble 1.4.2. Mechanical ventilation is not allowed for PG II buildings, except for a
staircase storey shelter.

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

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(8) Pre ssuris ation

In any buildin g, except PG II for which the habitabl e hei ght exceeds 24m, any internal exit staircases without
provision for natural ventilat ion shall be pressurised to c omply with the requirements in Chapter 7. In a buil ding
comprising more than fou r b asement storeys, the exit staircase connect ing to the fire lift lobby shall be
pressurised.

Effective Date: Immediate

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(9) Di ffe rent modes of ventilation within a single stair case sh aft

For buil dings exceedi ng 24m in habitabl e hei ght, the internal exit staircase can be naturally ventilated at its
uppe r pa rt and mecha nically ventilated at its lower part provided this lower part does not exceed 24m in
habitab le hei ght an d there shall not be any intermediate staircase landing door separating the two modes of
ventilation. If the lowe r pa rt exceeds 24m in habitable height, this lower part shall be pressurised i nstead. For
pressurisatio n of exit staircase, an intermedi ate staircase landi ng door is permitted.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

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2.3.4 Scissor exit staircase

Scissor exit staircase shall comply with the followi ng:

a. where two sepa rate int ern al exit staircases are contained withi n the same enclosure, each exit staircase shall be
separate d from the oth er by non - comb ustible construction having fire resistance for a minimum period equal to that
requ ire d for the e nclos ure;

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b. such scissor exit staircases shall comply with all appl icable provisions for exit staircase;

c. for exit door ope nings of scissor exit staircases, the separation distance between the two closer edges of
staircase doors shall be at least 7m;

d. where there is only one p air of scissor exit staircases, the door openi ng into scissor exit staircases shall be
spaced at least 1/3 the diag onal dime nsion of the area t o be served in a sprinkler -protected buildi ng and ½ the
diago nal dime nsion in a n on -sprinkle r-p rotected buildi ng in accordance with Cl.2.3.12; and

e. the ventilation op eni ngs o f each staircase shall be located on alternate storeys if such openings or windows are
serving both staircases on t he same wall.

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2.3.5 Basement exit staircase

a. Any exit staircase which serves a basement storey of a buildi ng, unl ess otherwise stated in Cl.2.3.3a.(4)(a) , shall
comply with all the applica bl e provisions for exit staircase.

b. Such exit staircase shall not be made conti nuous with any other exit staircase whi ch serves a non -basement
storey of the buildin g.

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c. Separate prote cted sh aft

Basement exit staircases which are vertically aligned wit h the exit staircases of non -basement storeys shall be
separate d from such othe r e xit staircases by construction having fire resistance for a minimum peri od equal to that
requ ire d for the e nclosure.

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d. Upper store y stairca se that continue s into basement

Where upp er storey staircase is allowed by the SCDF to be continuous with that servi ng a basement which is
naturally ventilated, all of th e followin g shall be compli ed with:
 (1) Entr y at ba sement

The entry into the b asement staircase shall be through a protected lobby, or directly from the basement
occupancy area p rovide d th e doo r to the basement staircase is at least 1 -hr fire-rated.

(2) Barrier

To prevent occupa nts exiting continuo usly from upper st oreys into the basement storey during an emergency, a
physical barri er in the fo rm of a door or gat e (self -closing type) shall be provided across the staircase landing
at grou nd level to sepa rate t he d ischarg e route of upper storeys from the basement staircase.

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(3) Smoke-fre e lobby

A smoke-free lobby shall be provide d for entry into the staircase at all storeys, including basement storeys if
the staircase serves more than four storeys, including basement storeys.

(4) Signage

Approp riate sig nag e shall be provide d inside the staircas e enclosure to di rect occupants out of the building at
grou nd level.

2.3.6 Hardwood staircase

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a. A hardwood staircase can be used as an internal access staircase in building.

b. Where timber staircases are used i n units in PG I and II buildings, which are not under conservation, the
structural eleme nts such as the stringe r suppo rting the treads and risers shall be constructed of non -comb ustible
materials.

2.3.7 Spiral staircase

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a. Spiral staircases shall not serve as required exits, unl ess they comply with all of the followi ng conditions. They
shall:

1. be externa l and u nenclos ed;

2. serve only mezzanine floo rs, balconies, or any storey of occupant load not exceeding 25 persons;

3. be constructed of non -co mbustible materials;

4. have a trea d length of at least 750mm; and

5. be not more th an 10m hi g h.

b. Spiral staircase shall not be design ed as the sole means of escape for buildi ngs under PG I and for PG II
maisonettes and pe ntho uses.

2.3.8 Exit ramp

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Internal a nd external exit ra mps can be used as exits in lieu of internal and external exit staircases subject to compliance
with Cl.2.3.3 a nd all of the f ollowi ng:

a. Slope

The slope of such exit ramp s shall not be steeper than 1 in 10.

b. Changes in direction

Exit ramps shall be straight with chang es in direction bei ng made at level pl atforms or landi ngs only, except that exit
ramps having a slop e not g reater tha n 1 in 12 at any place can be curved.

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c. Platform
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(1) L evel platforms or l andi n gs shall be provided at the bottom, at intermediate levels where required and at the
top of all exit ramps.

(2) L evel platforms shall be provide d at each door openi ng into or from an exit ramp.

(3) Th e minimum width a nd l ength of a pl atform or landing shall be not less than the width of the ramp, except
that on a straight run ramp, the length of the l evel platform or landing need not be m ore than 1m.

d. Guards and handrails

Exit ramps shall have walls, guards or ha ndrails and shal l comply with the applicabl e requirements of Cl.2.3.3d. for
exit staircases.

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e. Surface

All exit ramps shall be provi ded with n on -slip surface finishes.

f. Ventilation

Exit ramps shall be ventilated to comply with the requi rements for ventilation of exit staircases.

g. Enclosure exemption

Exit ramps serving a single storey basement of PG II to VII buildings are not required to be protected with fire -rated
enclosures, provided the tra vel distances measured to the exit doors at ground level comply with Table 2.2A .

2.3.9 Exit doors and exit access doors

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Exit doors and exit access doors shall comply with all of the followi ng:

a. Door operation

Exit/ exit access doors shall be capabl e of being opened manually, without the use of a key, tool, or special
knowled ge o r effort for o peration from the inside of the buildi ng. (Not applicable wit hin residential units under PG I
and II)

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

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b. Fire resistan ce

Exit/ exit access doors which are requi re d to have fire resistance rating shall compl y with the relevant provisions for
fire resisting do ors und er Cl. 3.9.2.

c. Door swing

Exit doors and exit access doors shall op en in the di recti on of exit travel in the following situations:

(1) when l eadi ng to an a rea of refuge, exit and exit passageway, or

(2) when used in an exit enc losure, includi ng smoke -free and fire lift lobbi es in a buil ding, but excluding doors
of individual reside ntial unit s that open directly into an exit enclosure, or

(3) when se rving a hig h haz ard a rea, o r

(4) when se rving a room or space with more than 50 persons.

d. Exit/ exit acce ss door o penings

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(1) Opening into e xit stairc ase
 Exit doors openin g into exit staircases and exit passageways shall not impede the egress of occupants when
such doors are swung o pen.

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(2) Opening into cor ridor

All doors which o pen into th e corrid or shall not hinder the movement of occupants. When such a door(s) is
swung op en, the corrido r’s clear wi dth shall be at least half of the required clear wi dt h as stipulated
unde r Tabl e 2.2A .

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(3) Opening fo rce

The maximum exit doors and exit access doors openi ng force shall be 30N at 0° and 20N at 30° openi ng.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

e. Vision panel

The fire do or to a n exit staircase and smoke-free/ fire lift lobby shall be constructed to incorporate a vision panel .
The vision pane l shall have a clear view size of 100mm (width) by 600mm (hei ght). T he vision panel shall have the
requ isite fire resistance rati ng and sha ll not turn opaque whe n subj ect to heat. The bottom edge of the vision panel
shall be located at 9 00mm a bove the finished floor level. The provision of vision panel shall not apply to fire doors of
residenti al apa rtment or mai sonette units.

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f. Revolving doors

Revolving do ors shall not b e used as exit/ exit access doors for required exits.

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g. Exit/ exit acce ss door of residential unit

Exit/ exit access door of each reside ntial unit shall be located at not more than 500m m from the strata -title line to
prevent the cre ation of a la rge entrance alcove/ corri dor. However, in situations where the ent rance alcove/corri dor
leads into an o pen - sided co mmon corrid or which meets the requirem ents for smoke -free approach
unde r Cl.9.2.1 a.(4 )(e ) & (f), the separation distance between the entrance alcove/corridor and the nearest exit
staircase shall not be less than 3m.

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h. Door located in a path o f tra vel

(1) Any doo r located i n a pat h of travel shall be of the si de -hinged or pivoted swing t ype. The door shall be
designe d and i nstalled so th at when swu ng open, it does not prevent full use of the opening. The minimum
clear width of the doo r op eni ng shall not be l ess than the requi red door clear wi dth.

Exception

(a) Requi reme nt on do or swi ng shall not apply to buildi ngs under PG I and residential units under PG II.

(b) L ocking device

With prio r consent from the SCDF, locking of exit/ exit access doors are permissible at certain rooms or
spaces of healthcare occup a ncies and detention and correctional occupancies.

(c) Sliding d oors & rolle r sh utters

Sliding do or a nd ro ller shutt er as listed in Cl.2.3.9h. (2)(a) to (e) below are permitted to be installed across
the exit access leading to exits, including the exterior door openings, except in areas stipulated
unde r Cl.2.3.9c.(1 ) an d (3 ). These doors shall not form part of the fire compartment integrity.

(2) Manually ope rable sliding doors/roller shutters

(a) Man ually op era ble slidin g doo rs or roll er shutters shall be capable of bei ng opened and closed
manually from eith er side of the door. The maximum opening force for sliding doors/roller shutters shall
not be more than 3 0N.

(b) A manu ally ope rabl e sliding doo r or roller shutter that can remain in closed position duri ng the period
of occupation is permitted fo r rooms or spaces with occupant load not exceeding 50 persons. When
 open ed, it shall not re duce the effective width/height of the doorway leading to the escape route. The
sliding do or o r roll er shutter is allowed for room or space that serves more than 50 persons provided it
shall remain i n the full op en position during th e period of occupation. A readily discernible sign wit h the
lettering “THIS DOOR TO REMAIN OPEN WHEN THE BUILDING IS OCCUPIED” shall be perm anently
pasted on b oth sides of such a sliding door or roll er shutter at a height of 1.4m from the finished floor
level. The letterin g shall be 25mm in height and painted in white on a red background with reflective
surface.

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(c) Wicket door

A wicket door can be incorp orate d within a roller shutter or sliding door. The wicket door shall be of the
swing type having a minimu m head hei ght of 2m and a c lear wi dth of not less than the required door clear
width. The wicket doo r shall comply with all the requirements of an exit access door, and be clearly
marked an d rea dily visible so that the occupants can readily see where the door is. It shall be fitted only
with simple fastenings that can be manually operated for ease of escape.

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(d) Slidi ng do or with swi ng -o ut feature

A sliding door which can be swung open shall swing in the direction of escape travel when a cert ain
horizont al force is applie d to the door. When the slidi ng door is converted to a swing door, it shall comply
with all the requi reme nts of an exit access doo r. The maximum door opening force shall be 30N at 0° and
20N at 30° o peni ng. A rea dil y visible sign with the letteri ngs “IN EMERGENCY, PUSH TO OPEN” shall be
affixed onto the do or.

(e) Power o perated slidin g d oors/roll er shutters

Power o perated a utomatic sliding d oors/roller shutters, shall be linked to the buil ding fire alarm system.
The sliding d oor/ rolle r shutter shall autom atically open t o the required widt h/ height (of door opening)
upon th e activation of the fire alarm. The automatic sliding door/ roll er shutter shall also comply with all of
the followi ng:

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(i) Fail -safe type

The automatic sliding d oors/ roller shutters shall be of the fail safe type. Should there be any fault in
the electrical or senso r devi ce, or any power failure (either mains or battery powered), these doors
shall automatically ope n and remain in an open pos ition until power is restored.

(ii) Man ual overrid e

A manual override mecha nism (a device to trigger the im mediate opening of sliding doors/roll er
shutters) shall be p rovide d. The doors shall open and remain open upon activation of this device.
This device shall be house d in a break glass box located beside the sliding doors or roller shutters
and fixed at a hei ght of 1.2m above the finished floor lev el. It shall be easily accessible, conspicuous
and be free from o bstruction s. A readily discernible sign with the letteri ng “EMERGE NCY DOOR
RELEASE” shall be pe rma ne ntly displayed beside the switch. The letterings shall be of at least
15mm in heig ht.

Exception: Powered slidi ng doors, roll er shutters and swing doors that belong to the unit owners or
tenants are n ot req uired to b e linked to the buil ding fire alarm system, provided they are designed as
fail-safe type, installed with manual override, and d o not form part of the buil ding’s fire protection
system, e.g. smoke control system.

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

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i. Exit/exit access door se r ving spaces o f mass occup ation

Any exit door or exit access door se rving spaces of assembly/mass occupation, nam ely, auditori um, concert hall,
theatre, assembly hall, exhi bition hall, confe rence hall, cinema, stadium, function hall, casino, or any other spaces
with an occupa nt load factor of not greate r than 1m /pers on and occupant load greater than 50, which has to be kept
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shut and fastened while th e buildi ng or part of the buildi ng is occupied shall be fitted with ‘panic exit device’. The
panic exit device shall ope ra te to open the d oor when a pressure is applied on the bar in the di rection of travel and
be app ro priate ly marked ‘Pu sh Bar To Open’ in l etters not less than 50mm high.

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j. Locking of doors to exit stairc ase, smoke -free lobb y and fire lift lobby

One-way locking device e.g. panic bolt or thum b turn loc king device is not permitted under the following situations:

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

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(1) fo r the exit doo r betwe en exit staircase and fire lift lobby;

(2) fo r the exit doo r betwe en exit staircase and smoke -free lobby/fire lift lobby/ occupancy area on re -ent ry
floor; and

(3) fo r the exit access door betwee n smoke -free lobby/fi re lift lobby and occupancy area on re -entry floor.

[Link] ss con trol using ele ctromagne tic/electromechanical locking device

(1) W here access control using electromagnetic/ electromechanical locking device is installed on any exit
access door and/o r exit door, excluding revolving doors and doors to residential units, such doors shall comply
with the re qui rements stipul ated in Tabl e 2.3.9k.(1) - 1 & Table 2.3.9k.(1) - 2. The access control locking
devices installed on exit access door and/ or exit door in the escape path shall be connected di rectly to the
buildi ng automatic fire al arm system to de -activate the locking devices. Linking of the locking devices or its
control pa nels thro ugh oth er systems such as acc ess control, buil ding management system, etc., that will cause
delay to the de -en ergisin g of locking devices is not permitted.

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

(2) Acce ss con trol belonging to tenanted spaces

Where the escape route is p ermitted to go through another occupied space i n accordance with Cl.2.2.12b. , the
exit access door within th e tenant u nit for escape purpose shall release when the al arm on that floor activates.

Effective Date: 15 Sep 2020

(3) W here doo rs ope ning int o a passenger lift lobby are provided with access control and are locked after
normal o peration h ou rs, the lobby shall be designed to have direct access to at least one exit staircase to
prevent a ny occupant from b eing tra ppe d in the lobby when the lifts are recall ed to the 1st storey, or other
designate d floor duri ng fire emerg ency or buil ding power failure.

l. Staircase re -en try

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(1) Every exit staircase enclosure serving more than 7 storeys of a non - residential building, excluding
buildi ngs of detentio n and c orrectional occupancies, shall allow re -entry from the staircase enclosure to the
interio r of the buil ding. Th ere shall be at l east one l evel where it is possible to re -ent er into the int erior of the
buildi ng from the exit stairca se enclosure.

(2) Th e re -ent ry points shall be located n ot more than 6 storeys apart. There shall not be more than three
storeys above the high est re -entry do or in the buildi ng.

(3) W here re -ent ry is provided from the staircase enclos ure, it shall open into a com mon corridor that is
connected di rectly to at least one othe r exit staircase.

(4) Exit doors pe rmitting re -entry into the bui lding, shall be identified with a signage “Re -ent ry door” of at least
50mm lettering heig ht on the staircase side of the exit door.

(5) W here locking is requi re d for doo rs of smoke -free lobby, fire lift lobby or exit staircase on the re -entry floor,
they shall be fitted with an e lectromagn etic/ electromechanical locking device complying with Cl.2. 3.9k.(1). For
re-entry floor, man ual ove rri de device shall be provided on both sides of the door.

Effective Date: 15 Sep 2020

(6) All no n-re-entry floo rs shall be ide ntified with a sign to show the designated re -entry floors on the staircase
side of the exit door.

m. Warning signage for exi t doors with one -w ay lock

Where one -way locking devices or electromagnetic/ electromechanical locking devices are installed at the doors of
exit staircases, a signage sh all be provided to warn occupants that they would not be able to re -enter the floor
should they exit from it. A r eadily visible sign with the let tering “EXIT ONLY, NO RE -ENTRY TO BUILDING” shall be
positioned at the entrance in to the exit staircase. This signage shall be applicabl e for all buil dings except PG I & II.

n. Acces s control using digital lockse ts

Where a digital l ockset is installed on an exit door or exit access door, these digital l ocksets shall come with
mechanical fail -safe feat ure s on the non -secu re side (i. e., shall not rely on electrical energy) to ensure occupant
escape.
2.3.10 External corridor

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

External corri dor shal l comply with the followin g requirements:

a. the vertical height of the unobstructed and uninterrupted ventilation openi ng measured from the parapet
wall/bal ustrade/ grill e/raili ng up to the top ed ge of the opening or eaves of overhang shall not be less than 1.2m;

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b. where the external corrid or is roofe d over, the depth of the covered area/portion shall not exceed 3m;

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

c. where any room or space with sleepin g risk is located along the corri dor, a 1 -hr fire resistance rating wall of
height n ot less than 1.1m, measure d from the finished floor level of the external corri dor to the sill level of the
openi ng, shall be provid e d a long the corrid or leading to the exits. Any ventilation openings above the fire -rated wall
shall be of non -combustible construction;

d. the doo r ope ning i nto the external corrid or need not be fire -rated;

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e. the provision of pa ra pet wall, or bal ustrade for an external corridor shall be at least 1m in height and at most 1.5m
in heig ht along th e oute r side of the corrid or; and

f. the length of uno bstructed and uni nterrupte d openings above the parapet wall of the external wall shall not be l ess
than 6m and sha ll abut a n e xternal space.

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

2.3.11 Air well

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

a. The minimum size of an air well shall comply with Table 1.4.2 for ventilation of:

(1) exit staircases; and

(2) exit passage ways (as an extension to an exit staircase).

b. An air well shall h ave a minimum clear area of 93m and minimum width of 6m and without obstruction vertically
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throu gho ut the airspace fo r ventilation of:

(1) smoke-free lob by;

(2) external corrid or;

(3) external exit passage wa y;

(4) cross -ventilat ed corrido r/lobby;

(5) common inte rn al corri dor stipulated under Cl. 9.2.1a.(10)(b); and

(6) int ern al corri dor of hotel, hostel, service apartment, healthcare occupancy, workers’ dormitories and the
like.

2.3.12 Remoteness of exits

a. Where more tha n one exit is require d from a building or portion thereof, such exits shall be remotely located f rom
each othe r and shall be arra nged a nd constructed to minimise the possibility that more than one can be rendered
unusabl e by any one fire or other eme rg ency condition.

b. If two exits or exit access doors are re quired, they shall be placed at a distance from one another equal to or not
less than half the lengt h of the maximum overall di agonal dimension of the building or area to be served, measured
 in a straight line betwe en th e furthest edg es of the exit doors or exit access doors (see Diagram 2.3.12b. - 1 to 5),
subject to the followin g:

(1) if the distance b etwee n the 2 exits or exit access doors is less than half the length of the maximum overall
diago nal dime nsion of the b uildin g or a rea to be served, it shall be considered as a one -way escape
arrang ement;

(2) the sep aration distance measured i n a straight line between the furthest edges of the doors of the two exits
(exit staircases, exit passageways or exit ramps) shall not be less than 7m.; and

(3) fo r PG II buildings, the separation distance of the exits on the residential floor shall not be less than half
the length of the maximum o verall dia gonal dimension of the protected lobby/corri dor or external corri dor.

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c. Reduction in exit s epar a tion

In buildin gs protected th rou g hout by an ap proved automatic sprinkler system which complies with the requi rements
of Chapte r 6, the minimum separation distance between two exits or exit access doors measured in accordance
with Cl.2.3.12 a. & b. shall be not less than one third the l ength of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the
buildi ng or are a to be serve d. The separation distance measured i n a straight line between the furthest edges of the
doors of the two exits (exit staircases, exit passageways or exit ramps) shall not be less than 7m.

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d. Exit separa tion measure d along exit acc ess cor ridor

Where two exit staircases, exit passageways or exit ramps are inter -connected by a corridor, exit separati on can be
measured alon g the line of travel within th e exit access corridor. The exit access corridor connecting the exit
staircases, exit passageways or exit ramps shall be prot ected by minimum 1 -hr fire-rated enclosures. Doors opening
into this corrido r shall have minimum ½ -hr fire resistance rating (see Diagram 2.3.12d. ). The separation distance
measured alon g the line of travel within th e exit access corridor bet ween the furthest edges of the doors of the two
exits (exit staircases, exit passageways or exit ramps) s hall not be l ess than 7m.

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e. One-wa y tra vel

(1) A one -way travel or “com mon path” exists if a floor space is arranged or provided with partitioning works
such that occupants within that space are able to travel in only one di rection to reac h any of the exits or to
reach the splitting p oint wh e re the y have the choice of t wo or more routes of travel to remote exits.

(2) Th e travel distance from the most remote point to the splitting point shall not exceed the permissible one -
way travel distance allo wed in Table 2.2A . At the splitting point, the angle of divergence between any two
altern ative routes shall n ot be less than 90º in order that the routes originating from the splitting poi nt can be
considere d as two -way trave l.

(3) Th e agg re gate travel dist ances of the one -way travel from the most remote point t o the splitting point and
the continuo us two -way travel from the splitting poi nt to the nearest exit shall not exceed the permissible two -
way travel distance allo wed in Table 2.2A .

CLAUSE 2.4 - SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSON WITH DISABILITIES (PWDS)

2.4.1 General

Effective Date: 2 Mar 2020

a. The followi ng bui ldin gs/usages are exempted from these requi rements:

(1) PG I and II buildi ngs;

(2) h ospitals and n ursing ca re facilities;

(3) in dustrial b uildi ngs/usag es that are exempted from barri er -free accessibility compliance, as required by the
autho rity having jurisdiction on accessibility in the built environment; and

(4) n on-resid ential b uildin gs/usages, such as car parks, clubhouses and gardens/terraces located within
residenti al develo pments an d which are intended for anc illary use, are not required to comply with these
requ ireme nts; and

(5) PG III to VIII buildings th at are not served by any lift.

 b. The escape ro utes shall b e free from a ny obstacle that may cause undue delay to PWDs during evacuation, e. g.
raised thresholds o r steps. Where there are minor changes in level within any storey, a ramp conforming to the
requ ireme nts stipulated in th e “C o de on Accessibility in the Built Environment ” shall be provided.

2.4.2 PWD Holding Point

a. Purpose

A PWD Holding Poi nt shall b e provid ed on al l storeys, including all basement levels, except first storey or storey at
grad e level, for PWDs to safely wait for assistance in evacuation.

b. Siting of PWD Holding Point

(1) Th ere sha ll be at least two design ated PWD Holdi ng Points remotely positioned on every storey of a
buildi ng except for a bui ldin g designe d with a singl e exit staircase allowed under this Code. The corridor
serving as escape ro ute sha ll have a minimum c lear wi dth of 1.2m.

(2) Th e PWD Hol ding Poi nt shall be kept free of obstruction and sited within the foll owing l ocations/areas in the
orde r of pri ority (see Di agra ms 2.4.2b.(2) – 1 to 4 ):

(a) Evacuation lift lob by.

(b) Fi re lift lobby.

(c) Smoke-free l obby or exte rnal corridor.

(d) Exit staircase.

(3) Th e PWD Hol ding Poi nt located in the above areas shall be positioned away from the edge of the exit
staircase and path of p erson escaping from the occupied space. It shall not reduce/encroach onto the required
dimensions/spaces of the ab ove areas.

c. Signage

Where a PWD Hol ding Poi nt is located, a mandatory sign worded “PWD Holdi ng Point ” shall be prominently displayed

2.4.3 Communication provisions

Effective Date: 2 Mar 2020

A suitable means of communication, as requi red u nder Cl .6.6.5c.(4), shall be provided between the PWD holding point and
FCC or a ny 24 -hou rly manne d station, for PWDs to call for assistance during a fire emergency. It can be in the form of a
distress button or de dicated voice communication. The dedicated voice communication handset shall always be accessible
and not to b e locked. The means of communication shall :

a. be located bet wee n 800m m and 1.2m above finished floor level;

b. be app rop riately la belle d;

c. be provided with promine ntly displayed clear instructi on sign on its operation; and

d. gene rate a clea r visual in dication to indicate that the distress signal has been rel ayed.

2.4.4 Dimension requirements of PWD Holding Point

A PWD Holding Poi nt shall b e adeq uately sized so as to accommodate a wheelchai r user and to allow the user to
manoeuvre easily. In this respect, the PWD Holding Poi nt shall meet the followi ng requi rements:

a. the space provide d for a wheelch air in a PWD Holding Point shall be at least 900mm X 1.4m to allow for
manoeuvring of the whee lchair;

b. where a PWD Hol din g Point is sited inside an exit staircase, smoke -free lobby or fire lift lobby, the wheelchai r
space shall not result in red uced size of these spaces and its access shall not obstruct the flow of evacuation; and

c. the PWD Holding Point sh all be marked on the ground with a wheelchair symbol in white agai nst contrasting
backgrou nd, with a d otted white rectang ula r outline.
2.4.5 Protection of PWD Holding Point

A PWD Holding Poi nt shall b e enclosed with fire -resisting construction (other than any part that is an external wall of a
buildi ng) a nd shall b e serve d directly by a safe route to a storey exit, evacuation lift or final exit.

2.4.6 Exit staircase

a. Handrails

The han drails within an exit staircase shall be continuous.

b. Wheelchair stairlifts

A wheelchai r stairlift, where installed, shall be sited inside an exit staircase. Such a stairlift, when in operating
position, shall not encroach into the escape pat h of building occupants.

2.4.7 Ramp

Internal a nd external exit ra mps can be used as exits in lieu of internal and external exit staircases or evacuation lifts
subject to compliance with Cl.2.3.3 and Cl.2. 3.8, and “Code on Accessibility in the Built Environment” and any subsequent
amendme nt/ adde ndum.

Related Diagrams & Tables

Diag ram 2.2.9b. - Measurem ent of width of exit doors
Diagram 2.3.12b. - 1

Diagram 2.3.12b. - 2
 Diagram 2.3.12b. - 3

One-wa y esc ape ar rangem ent

The distance between th e exit of staircases S1 & S2 is less than half the length of the max. overall diagonal dimension of
the buildi ng o r floor space.
 Right : Diagram 2.3.12b. - 4

T wo-way escap e arr angement

Exit separation between th e exit staircases S1& S2 can be based on the travel distance in the exit access corridor
enclosed with 1 -h r fire-rate d walls and ½ -h r fire -rat ed doors.
Diag ram 2.3.12 b. - 5 : Remoteness of exit staircase - Arrangement of exits
 Diag ram 2.3.12 d. : Remoten ess of exit staircase - Arrangement of exit staircase

Remoten ess of exits is measured alon g 1 -h r fire -rated corridor with ½ -hr fire doors. In place of measuri ng physical
distance betwe en exit stair e nclosure, distance for purposes of determining remoteness is permitted to be measured along
a protected corrid o r.
 Diag ram 2.4.2b. (2) - 1 : PWD Holdi ng Point located within fire lift lobby

Diag ram 2.4.2b. (2) - 2 : PWD Holdi ng Point located within external corridor
Diag ram 2.4.2b. (2) - 3 : PWD Holdi ng Point located within smoke -free lobby

Diag ram 2.4.2b. (2) - 4 : PWD Holdi ng Point located within exit staircase
 TABLE 2.2A : DETERMINATION OF EXIT REQUIREMENT
Max Travel Distance(m)
Capacity No of persons per unit of width(x) Min Width (m) Max Dead End (m)
One-way travel Two-way travel
Door opening (c), (d) &
Corridors
(e)
Type of Ramps
Staircases/
Occupancy Non- Non- Exit to Corridors
Sprinklere Sprinklere Other Staircases Exit Corridor
sprinklere sprinklere outdoor Exits Non-
d d exit & (f)
Passagewa s Sprinklere
d d s at Passageways sprinklere
corrido y d
ground (d)
d
r doors
level
High hazard 10 20 20 35 50 40 30 50 1 1.2 15 20
Industrial
buildings
(factories,
15 25 30 60 100 80 60 100 1 1.2 15 20
workshops,
godown/
warehouse)
Shops,
healthcare facility 15 25 45 60 100 80 60 100 1 1.2 15 20
(outpatient)
Offices 15 30 45 75 100 80 60 100 1 1.2 15 20
Places of public
15 25 45 60 100 80 60 100 1 (h)
1.2 (h)
15 20
resort & carparks
Schools &
educational 15 25 45 60 100 80 60 100 1 1.5(a) 15 20
buildings
Healthcare
15 25 30 45 30 30 15 30 1 2(b) 15 20
facility (inpatient)
Hotels, Boarding
Houses, Serviced
Apartments,
Hostels, 15 20 30 60 60 50 45 50 1 1.2 15 20
Backpackers
Hotel,
Dormitories

Blocks of
15(g) 30(g) 30
flates/maisonette 75 50 40 30 50 1(i) 1.2 15 20
s (k)
20(j) 40(j) 45(j)
Detached, semi-
detached &
terrace house, NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 0.9 0.9 NR NR
including
townhouses

Note:
(e) = Where a door opening is divided by mullions into two or more openings, each such opening
shall be measured separately in computing the number of units of exit width
NR = No requirements.
(f) = See Cl.2.2.15 regarding reduction of exit provision
(x) = Unit of width 500mm
(g) = For travel distance in single staircase flats (see Cl.9.2.1a.(8))
(a) = Applies to corridors serving classrooms. Other corridors shall have a minimum
width of 1.2m
(h) = Refer to Cl.9.7.3a.

(b) = Applies to corridors serving patients. Other corridors shall have a minimum width of
(i) = Staircase within maisonette serving as an internal access to be at least 900mm width
1.2m

(j) = Applies to external corridor (see Cl.2.3.10)

(c) = See Cl.2.3.9

(k) = Measurement of travel distance is from the residential unit door to exit (see Cl.9.2.1a.(5))
(d) = See Cl.2.3.8
CLAUSE 3.1 - GENERAL

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The pu rpose of this chapter of the Code is to stipulate requirements to minimise the risk of spread of fire between
adjoin ing b uildin gs by separation, preve nt the untimely collapse of buil dings in the event of fire by the provision of a
stable and d ura ble form of construction an d prevent the spread of fire between speci fied parts of the buil dings by the
division of such buildings int o compartments.

CLAUSE 3.2 - PROVISION OF COMPARTMENT WALLS AND COMPARTMENT FLOORS

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3.2.1 Compartment size - floor area & cubical extent

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Any building oth er tha n a bu ilding of PG I which has any storey the floor area of which exceeds that specified as relevant
to a buildin g of that hei ght in column (2 ) of Table 3.2A or a cubic capacity which exceeds that specified as relev ant in
column (3) of Table 3.2A , sh all be divide d into compartments by means of compartment walls and compartment floors so
that:

a. no such compartment has any storey the floor area of which exceeds the area specified as relevant to the buil ding
in column (2 ) of the table; a nd

b. no such compartment has a cubic capacity which exceeds that specified as relevant in column (3) of the table.

3.2.2 Cubical extent for compartment exceeding 4m in height

a. In computing the cubical extent of compartments in single storey buil dings such as factories, sport halls, markets,
food courts, multi -pu rposes halls, cinemas, concert halls, churches, temples and similar buil dings, the height of 4m
shall be used where the actual hei ght exceeds that figure.

If the compartment comprise s or contains mezzanine, gal leries or l ofts, the full height of the compartment shall be
used in computing th e cubical extent for each storey, mezzanine, galleries or lofts.

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b. Where two buil dings a re connected by external open -sided covered walkway or open -sided covered li nk -bridge,
the buildi ngs are considered as separate buil dings, if they comply with the following conditions:

(1) Th ere is no commercial a ctivities or other usage that would pose a fire risk within the covered walkway or
link -bri dge.

(2) Th e width of the covered walkway or covered link -bri dge shall not exceed 5m measured from eave to eave.

3.2.3 Exemption of compartmentation

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Cl.3.2.1 is not applica ble if the buil ding:

a. is fitted througho ut with a n automatic sprinkler system which complies with the requirements in Chapter 6; and

b. complies with Cl.3.2.4, Cl .3.2.6, Cl.7.4 and Cl.9.8.3.

3.2.4. Compartmentation by height

a. In any compartment except those mentione d under Cl .9.1, up to a habitable height of 24m, no compartment shall
comprise more tha n thre e storeys. This requi rement can be rel axed for at rium spaces provided the design of such
spaces complies with the conditions stipulated under Cl. 3.2.6.

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b. In any buildin g which exceeds 24m in ha bitabl e height, no compartment shall comprise more than one storey for
compartments at storey level exceeding 24m above average ground level, other than a compartment which is wit hin a
residenti al maisonette which may comprise two storey levels.

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3.2.5 Areas requiring compartmentation
The followi ng situations shal l requi re compa rtmentation by provision of compartment walls and/or compartment fl oors:

a. PG II buildings

Any wall and floo r sepa ratin g a reside ntial ap artment or maisonette from any other part of the same buildi ng, unl ess
permitted (as in the case of an extern al wall a djoining an external corridor, for provision of window openi ngs).

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b. Areas of differ ent purpo se groups

Any wall and floo r sepa ratin g part of a bui ldin g from any other part of the same building which is used or intended to
be used mainly for a p urpos e falling withi n a different purpose group, as identified under Table 1.4A , except the
followin g:

(1) a ncillary offices located within a bu ilding or compart ment of PG III, V, VI, VII and VIII, or.

(2) rooms or spaces for anci llary usage located within a buildi ng or compartment of PG III to VIII as stipulated
unde r Cl.1.4.5, o r

(3) rooms or spaces located within a spri nkler -protected buildi ng, unless otherwise stated in
followin g Cl.3.2.5 o r othe r clauses in the Code.

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c. Floor over a basemen t

Any floor immediately over a basement for PG II to VIII buildings shall be a compartm ent floor except for:

(1) a basement with floo r area n ot exceeding 100m², or

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

(2) PG IV, V and VII building s with basement floor area exceeding 100m , provided the following conditions are
2

complied with:

(a) the buildi ng is fitted thro ugho ut with an automatic sprinkler system in compliance with the
requ ireme nts in Chapt er 6; a nd

(b) the fi rst basement shall be compartment ed from other basement storeys.

Note: For PG I buildi ngs, ref er to Cl.9.1.1b.(2) for compartmentation of floor over basement requirements.

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d. Basement floor s

In any compartment bel ow p avement level, no compartm ent shall comprise more than one storey, except in the case
of PG IV, V and VII building s as permitted under Cl.3.2. 5c.(2) and in the case of bas ement used solely for car
parking. No pa rt of a basement storey shall be used for the bulk storage of highly inf lammable liquids or substances
of an explosive natu re.

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e. Fire Command Centre (F CC)

The FCC shall b e sepa rated from other p arts of the same building by compartment walls and floors having at least 2 -
hr fire resistance rating.

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f. Kitchen

In room/ space whe re o pen -flame cooking activities are carri ed out, except for residential units in PG I and II
buildi ngs, the followi ng re qu irements shall be compli ed with:

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

(1) Th e kitchen shall be sep arate d from other parts of the same building by compart ment wall and floor having
at least 1-hr fire resistance rating. Sepa ration requirem ent for kitchen can be exempt ed under the foll owi ng
conditions:
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(a) when all the cooking faci lities in the kitchen are fitted with approved extinguishing systems, or

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(b) when th ere a re at le ast 25% of the perimeter walls (excluding air well and void) of an eating
establishment ope n directly to the external of the buildi ng, and provided any part of t he floor space is
within 9m from the n earest openin g, or

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(c) whe n there are at least 50% of the perimeter walls (excluding air well and void) of an eating
establishment ope n directly to the external of the buildi ng, and provided any part of t he floor space is
within 12m from the nea rest openi ng, or

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(d) when an eatin g establish ment is separated from other parts of the same building by walls and floors
having 1 -hr fire resistance rating and doors having at least ½ -hr fire resistance rating; and provided:

(i) for a sp rinkler -p rotected buildi ng, there is no restriction to the floor area of the compartment, or

(ii) for a non -sprinkle r-prot e cted building, the floor area of the compartment shall not exceed 150m . 2

(2) Op eni ngs in the compart ment wall an d floor shall comply with the relevant provisions of Cl.3.9 for protection
of openi ngs.

(3) Doo rs shall have at least ½ -hr fire resistance rating and be fitted with an automati c self -closing device.

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(4) W here the flue o r duct p asses through the compartment wall or floor, the flue or duct shall be encased by
non-comb ustible constructio n to comply with the requi rements of Cl.3.9.5, and the installation of dampers in
such flue or duct is prohib ite d.

(5) LPG cylinde rs provide d for op en -flam e cooking activities shall not be located at the basement and the
installation of LPG cylinders at other areas shall comply with the provisions in the Fire Safety (Petroleum)
Regul ations.

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Notwithstandi ng all th e abov e, the compartment where open -fl ame cooking activities is carried out shall not
comprise more tha n one storey.

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g. Motor vehicle workshop

A motor vehicle workshop sh all be sepa rated from any other part of the same buil ding by compartment walls and
floors having at le ast 2 -hr fire resistance ratin g, and if located in a basement storey of a building, shall be separated
from any other part of t he sa me buildin g by compartment walls and floors having at l east 4 -hr fire resistance rati ng.

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h. Spray painting room

Areas in which spray paintin g or othe r rel ated processes are performed or carried out, shall be separated from ot her
parts of the same buildi ng b y compartment walls and floors having at least 2 -hr fire resistance rating. Where spray
paintin g booths that ha ve b u ilt -in vapou r extraction system complying with NFPA 33, the fire resistance requi rem ent
is not applicable.

Where a spray pai nting roo m or booth is protected by an automatic sprinkler system but not complying with NFP A 33,
the fire resistance rating for the fire compartment to the room or booth can be reduced from two hours to one hour.

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i. Store room

For no n-spri nkler -protected buildi ngs, if the area of the store room exceeds 10m ², it shall be compartmented from
the other parts of the same buildi ng by compartment wal ls and floors having at least 1 -hr fire resistance rating. No
fire compartment ation is req u ire d for a store room which is housed within a spri nkler -protected buil ding. However,
store room exceedi ng 7 00m and 10 0m for ab ove-ground and below -ground respectively are subject to the
2 2

compartment size requi reme nts stipulated under Cl.9.8.3 .

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j. Areas of sp ecial hazard

(1) Area s of spe cial high risk in a building

Boiler rooms, transformer ro oms, generator rooms, storage areas of materials that are highly combustible or
flammable, and a ny other a reas of special high risk shall be separated from other parts of the building by
 compartment walls an d floo rs having at least 2 -hr fire resistance rating. If the building is protected by an
automatic sprinkler system, the fire resistance rating of the compartment walls and fl oors can be reduced to
one ho ur.

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(2) Room ho using tra nsform er that uses flammable liqui d shall be located at ground level agai nst an external
wall.

(3) Di esel fuel tank for g ene rator n eed not be located against an external wall.

3.2.6 Provision for atrium spaces

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The re quirements of Cl.3.2.1 ,Cl.3.2.4a. and Cl.3.2.4b. of this Code are not applicabl e for atrium spaces provided the
followin g conditio ns are com plied with:

a. The minimum plan a rea of the atrium void shall be not less than 93m² and no horiz ontal dimension between
opposite e dges of the floo r o penin g is less than 6m wide.

b. The atrium space is not of high haza rd occupancy as stated in Cl.1.4.68.

c. The atrium is open an d un obstructed in a manner such that it can be assumed that a fire in any part of the space
will be readily obvio us to the occupants before it becomes a hazard.

d. The buildi ng is fitted thro ugho ut with an a utomatic sprinkler system to comply with the requirements in Chapt er 6.

e. The buildi ng is fitted with an engi nee re d smoke control system in accordance with Cl.7.4.5.

f. Provision of openings a nd enclosures, and the planning of means of escape shall be subject to the approval of the
SCDF.

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

3.2.7 Buildings of high hazard occupancy

Effective Date: 15 Sep 2020

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a. The compartment of bui ldi ngs of high haza rd occupancy shall not exceed one half of the sizes given in Table
3.2A and each compa rtment shall comprise one storey only.

b. No storey of a buildi ng, th e habita ble hei ght of which i s more than 24m, shall be used for the bulk storage of
goods or substa nces of high ly combustible nature unless the building is provided wit h a sprinkler system to comply
with Cha pter 6.

c. The type of storage materials or substances shall not include the foll owing:

(1) mate rials with a n auto -ig nition tempe rature lower than 200°C; and

(2) combustibl e/highly flam mable materi als which include those highlight ed in sub -
clauses a., b., c. and d. of Cl.1.4.67.

d. For buil dings not listed in Table 1.4A, including but not limited to buildings used for the manufacture and/or
storage of hi ghly combustible substances and/or flammable liqui ds, etc., the requirements shall be consulted wit h
the SCDF.

3.2.8 Exemption on size limitation of compartment

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The re quirements of Cl.3.2.1 for car parkin g decks can be exempted if both the foll owing are complied with:

a. The car pa rking decks shall be op en -sid ed with not less than 50% of the sides permanently open and
unobstructed. Such op enin g s shall be evenly distributed along each of the perimeter walls and on every individual
 floor/deck, excluding pe rime ter walls to air well, so as to provide cross ventilation to all parts of the car parking
decks.

b. No part of the flo or space shall be more tha n 12m from the openings on the perim eter wal ls of the building or air
well. Air well whe re provided for this purpose shall have a superficial pl an area of not less than 10m², or 0.1m² for
every 300mm of heig ht , whichever is gre ater, and have a minimum dimension on pl an of 2m, open vertically to the
sky for its full height.

3.2.9 Separation of area undergoing addition & alteration works

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For ad ditions and alterati ons to existing buildings, the areas undergoing such works shall be separated from other
occupied areas of the buil di ng in accord ance with Cl.3. 15.16.

CLAUSE 3.3 FIRE RESISTANCE OF ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURE

3.3.1 Interpretation and application

The interpret ation a nd ap pli cation of Cl.3.3 shall be as f ollows:

a. Subject to the provisions of Cl.3.3.1b. an d any other expressed provision to the contrary, any reference to a
buildi ng of which a n eleme nt of structure forms a part means the buildi ng or (if the building is divided i nto
compartments) any compart ment of the buildi ng, for whi ch the element forms a part.

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b. Any reference to h eight m eans the hei ght of a buil ding, but if any part of the buildi ng is completely separated
throu gho ut its height both a bove and b elo w ground from all other parts by a compart ment wall or compartment walls
in the same continuo us vert ical plane, any ref erence to height in relation to that part means the height solely of that
part.

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c. If any element of structure forms part of more than one buildi ng or compartment and the requi rements of fire
resistance specified in Tabl e 3.3A , in respect of one buil ding or compartment, and di ffers from those specified in
respect of any other b uildi ng or compartment of which the element forms a part, such element shall be so
constructed as to comply with the gre ater o r greatest of the requirements specified.

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d. If any element of structure is required to be of non -combustible construction, the measure of fire resistance rating
shall be dete rmine d by the p art which is constructed wholly of non -combustible materials. (With the exception of fire
protecting suspe nd e d ceiling s, surface materials for wall s and ceilings and floor finis hes can be combustible, if they
are n ot relie d on to contri but e to the fire resistance of the wall or floor).

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3.3.2 Minimum periods of fire resistance

Subject to any expressed provision to the contrary, any element of structure shall be constructed of non -combustible
materials and is re qui red to have fire resistance for not less than the relevant peri od specified in Table 3. 3A , with regards
to the purpose group of the buildi ng of which it forms a part and the dimensions specified in that table, provided that:

a. any separatin g wall shal l have at least 1 -h r fire resistance rating; and

b. any compartment wall o r compartment floo r which separates a part of a PG II or III buildings, from any other part
of the buildi ng of a pu rpose grou p othe r than PG II or III shall have at least 1 -hr fire resistance rating.

3.3.3 Exemption for non -load-bearing external walls

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The re quirement on fire resi stance in Cl.3.3.2 for non-l oad-bearing external walls shall not apply to:

a. any part of any extern al wall which is non -load-bearing and can, in accordance wit h Cl.3.5 be an unprotected
area, o r

b. steel structures of a standalon e car pa rk for passenger vehicles of Class 3 and below (unladen weight not
exceeding 2 500kg ) provided the followin g conditions are fulfilled:

(1) Each storey shall be p ro vided with cross ventilation by the provision of uni nterrupted openings evenly
distributed a ro und the perim eter wal ls, excluding perimeter walls to air well. The area of the openi ngs shall not
 be less than 50% of all external walls or 15% of the footprint per storey, whichever is great er. This condition is
not applica ble if a sprinkle r system is installed throughout the car park.

(2) No poi nt on any storey shall be mo re than 12m from the external air or air well. An air well, where provided
for this purp ose, shall have a superficial pl an area of not less than 10m², or 0.1m² for every 300mm of hei ght,
whichever is greate r, and h a ve a minimum dimension on plan of 2m, open vertically to the sky for its full height.
This condition is not applica ble if a sprinkler system is installed throughout the car park.

(3) All floo r beams shall be designe d as a composite structure with the floor slab.

(4) Th e buil ding is not more than 24m in habitabl e hei ght , and there shall not be any basement storeys;

(5) No othe r usages, othe r than the el ectrical services that serve only the car park, are permitted;

(6) Steel structures shall meet the specifications of SS EN 1993 -1 -2 and SS EN 1994 -1-2.

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

3.3.4 Exemption for single storey buildings

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In the case of a single store y building o r a buil ding cons isting of a first storey and one or more basement storeys, the
requ ireme nt on fire resistan ce in Cl.3.3.2 shall not apply to any element of structure which forms part of the first storey
and consists of:

a. a structural frame o r a be am or column, provided that any beam or colum n (whether or not it forms part of a
structural frame ) which is wi thin or forms pa rt of a wall, and any column which gives support to a wall or gallery,
shall have fire resistance of not less than the minimum period, if any, required by thi s Code for that wall or gallery,
or

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b. an internal loa d -bea ring wall or a lo ad -bea ring part of a wall, unl ess that wall or part of it forms part of a
compartment wall or a sepa rating wall, o r forms part of t he structure enclosing a prot ected shaft or supports a
galle ry, or

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c. part of an external wall which does not support a gall ery and which may, in accordance with Cl. 3.5 be an
unprotected area.

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3.3.5 Suspended ceiling

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In determini ng the fire resistance of floors, no account shall be taken of any fire resi stance attributabl e to any suspended
ceiling unl ess the ceiling is constructed specifically as a fire protecting suspended ceiling, and the construction complies
with the re qui rements und er Table 3.3B for Limitati ons on Fire Protecting Suspended Ceilings.

3.3.6 Fire-rated board

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a. Fire-rated b oa rds are p ermitted to be used for protection to structural steel beams, columns and as wall
construction in buil ding if all of the followin g are compli ed with:

(1) Th e fire-rate d boa rds sh all be no n -combustibl e (BS 476 Part 4 o r Part 11 ).

(2) Th ey shall have fire resistance for not less than the relevant period specified in Table 3.3A , with regards to
the purpose group of the bui lding of wh ich it forms a part and the dimensions specified in that table.

(3) Th ey shall meet the crite ria, in terms of water absorption and bendi ng strength performance, when subj ect
to the test standards of BS EN 520 (fo r gypsum plaster board) or ISO 1896 (f or calcium silicate or cement
board).

(4) Fi re-rate d boa rds used t o make dry walls shall, in terms of impact & deflection performance, meet the
partition gra de specified u nd er BS 9999 (T est for partitions) in accordance with BS 5234-2.

(5) Th ey shall not be used t o protect structural steel in areas which are subj ect to explosion risk, as the boards
may be displaced by the force of the blast.
 (6) In b uildin gs unde r PG VI and VIII, where the presence of corrosive atmosphere m ay affect the effectiveness
of fire-rated b oards for prote ction to structural steel members of buildings, such proposals shall be subject to
evaluation of the SCDF.

b. Incorporation of services within fire -rated d rywall construction shall comply with the followi ng:

(1) Th e installations shall m eet the fire perform ance test requi rements set out in BS 476 Part 22 and shall not
incorpo rate services beyon d the case scenario for which it has been successfully tested.

(2) Electrical cables shall b e housed in metal conduits wi thin the dry construction.

(3) Gas pi pe installatio n are proh ibited i n fire -rated dry construction.

CLAUSE 3.4 TESTS OF FIRE RESISTANCE

3.4.1 Fire resistance

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Performa nce for the fire resi stance of elements of structure and other forms of construction shall be determi ned by
reference to the metho ds specified in BS 476: Part 20 to 23 , which specify tests for stability, integrity and insulati on.

Specific requirements for ea ch element in terms of the three performance criteri a of stability, integrity and insulati on are
given in Tabl e 3.4A .

3.4.2 “Deem to satisfy” provisions

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An element of structure o r other p art of a buil ding shal l be deemed to have the requis ite fire resistance if:

a. it is constructed to the same specification as that of a specimen exposed to test by fire in accordance with the
method an d procedu re un der BS 476: Part 20 to 23 , and satisfied the requi rements of that test for the three
perfo rmance criteria of stabi lity, integrity and insulation f or not less than the specified peri od, or

b. in the case of a wall, bea m, column, stanchion or floor to which Annex 3A to Cl.3. 4 relates, it is constructed in
accordance wit h one of the specification set out in that Annex and the notional peri od of fire resistance given i n that
Annex as being a ppropriate to that type of construction and other relevant factors is not less than the s pecified
peri od.

CLAUSE 3.5 EXTERNAL WALL

3.5.1 Requirements of external walls

The re quirements of externa l walls are as follo ws:

a. Any external wall of a b uil ding o r a sepa rated part of a building which constitutes or is situated within a distanc e
of 1m from any point on the relevant b oun dary, or is a wall of a buildi ng or a separat ed part of a buildi ng which
exceeds 15m in heig ht shall:

(1) b e constructed wh olly of non -comb ustible materi als apart from any external wall finishes which complies
with Cl.3.5.4 o r any internal lining which complies with Cl.3.13.4

(2) b e so constructed as to attain the fire resistance required by this chapter; and

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b. any beam or column fo rmi ng pa rt of an external wall, and any structure carrying an external wall which is required
to be constructed of non -co mbustible materia l, shall comply with the provisions of Cl.3.5.1a..

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3.5.2 Exceptions on external wall construction

a. The req uirements of Cl.3.5.1a.(1 ) for n on-combustibili ty of external walls need not apply to the external wall of a
buildi ng or part of a bu ildin g separate d as described i n Cl.3.3.2b., if that wall is situated 1m or more from the
relevant b oun dary an d it is:
 (1) of PG I or II buildin g of n ot more than three storeys, or

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(2) of singl e storey construction and n ot exceeding 15m in height and floor area not exceeding:

(a) 3 000m fo r PG III, IV, VII buildin gs, or

2

(b) 2 000m fo r PG V, VI buildings, or

2

(c) 500m fo r PG VIII buildings, or

2

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(3) of oth er tha n single store y buildings, but not exceedi ng 7.5m in height and the compartmented floor area not
exceeding:

(a) 2 50m for PG IV, V, VII buildin gs, or

2

(b) 1 50m for PG VI, VIII buildings.

2

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b. The req uirements of Cl.3.5.1a.(2 ) for fire resistance of external walls need not apply to the external wall of a
buildi ng or part of a bu ildin g separate d as described i n Cl.3.3.2b., if that wall is situated 1m or more from the
relevant b oun dary an d it is:

(1) of a singl e storey buildi n g of a purpose group ot her t han PG VI and VIII and not exceeding 15m in height, or

(2) of a singl e storey PG VI or VIII building not exceeding 15m in hei ght and floor area not exceedi ng 2000m² or
500m² respectively.

3.5.3 Unprotected areas in any side of a building

Unp rotected a reas in any side of a buil ding shall comply with all of the followi ng:

a. Any relevant req uirement s relating to the p ermitted li mits of unprotected areas specified in Annex 3B , unless the
buildi ng is so situated that such side can in accordance with Annex 3B , consist entirely of any unprot ected area.

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b. The extent of unp rotected openin gs in an external wall of a building/compartment, i n relation to its distance from
the lot boun da ry, can be dou bled that of Annex 3B , provi ded the building/compartment is fitted throughout with an
automatic sprinkler system in compliance with the requirements in Chapt er 6.

c. As an alternative to Cl.3.5 .3b. above, the distance bet ween the external wall of a buildi ng and the rel evant
boun dary can be half that specified in Annex 3B , if the building is fitted throughout with an automatic sprinkler
system in compliance with the re quirements in Chapter 6.

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d. The extent of unp rotected openin gs in an external wall of a building/part of building used for car parking i n
relatio n to its distance from the lot boun da ry/relevant boundary can be based on the floor having the largest extent
of unprotected op enin gs to comply with Table 1 of Annex 3B .

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3.5.4 External wall finishes

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Finishes on extern al walls shall comply with the following:

a. Homoge nous claddi ng o n external walls shall be constructed of materi al of at least limited combustibility tested in
accordance wit h BS 476 Part 11 or ap prove d equival ent. For buildi ngs not withi n PG VI and VIII, any part of such
cladding b elo w a hei ght of 1 5m from the gro und, and situated at least 1m away from the relevant boundary can
consist of:

(1) timbe r of not less than 9 mm finished thickness, or

(2) a mate rial h aving a surfa ce which achieves at least:

(a) Cl ass 0 flame -spre ad rating tested in accordance with BS 476 Part 6 & 7 , or

(b) Cl ass B rating classified unde r EN 13501 -1.

 b. Composite pa nels used a s cladding on external walls shall comply with Cl.3.15.13 .

3.5.5 Reference to Part I & II of Annex 3B

Any reference to Ann ex 3B shall be constru ed as referri ng to the provisions of Part I of that Annex together with the
provisions of Part II.

3.5.6 Buildings on land in common occupation

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If two or more det ached b uil dings are erected on land in common occupation, for any external wall of such a buil ding
facing the extern al wall of a n adjacent b uildin g, the rel evant boundary shall be a not ional boundary passing between
those buildi ngs. This notion al boun da ry shall be positioned to enable the external walls of those buildings to comply with
the req uirem ents of Cl.3.5.3.

3.5.7 Vertical fire spread

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a. For high and lo w pa rts of different compa rtments of a buildi ng abutting each other, either one of the following
requ ireme nts shall be compl ied with to prevent spread of fire between the distinct parts:

(1) the roof -over of the l owe r part of the building shall be fire -rated i n accordance wi th the element of structure
for minimum 1 hr for a distance of 5m measured horizontally from the external wall of the higher part of
buildi ng; or

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(2) the external wall of the h ighe r part of the buildi ng ov erlooking the roof bel ow shall have the necessary fire
resistance rating i n accorda nce with the element of structure for minimum 1 hr for a vertical height of not less
than 9m measured from the roof of the lo wer part of the buildi ng.

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b. The above requi reme nts shall not be applicable to:

(1) b uildi ngs or lo wer p arts of the buildi ng which are sprinkler -protected;

(2) the buildi ngs und er the c onservation programme of the authority having jurisdiction, or buil dings built before
1969;

(3) covered car p orches inte nded solely for the purpose of the boarding and alighting of passengers;

(4) o pen -sided/ covered wal kways/linkways not exceeding 5m in width with no commercial activities or storage;
and

(5) can opies of de pth not ex ceeding 2m over private enclosed spaces or balconies in PG II buildings, provided
that the canopy is constructed of non -combustible material.

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

3.5.8 Non-sprinkler-protected roof

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For no n-spri nkler -protected roof withi n 4m from the boundary (excludi ng boundary abutting public street, canal or river),
the portio n of the ro of within this 4m zone shall be 1 -hr fire-rated. This requi rement is exempted for areas stated
unde r Cl.3.5.7 b. .

3.5.9 Separation of residential floor facade

Effective Date: 15 Mar 2021

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Separati on of PG II residenti al floor façad e shall be in ac cordance with Cl.9.2.1b. (3) .

3.5.10 External sun-breakers/weather features

External sun-b re akers or we ather feat ures which will res ult in the channelling of flame upwards during a fire are not
permitted.
CLAUSE 3.6 SEPARATING WALLS

3.6.1 Requirements of separating walls

a. Every separating wall sha ll:

(1) fo rm a complete ba rrie r i n the same continuous vertical plane through the full hei ght between the buildi ngs
it separates, includin g ro ofs and baseme nts and shall be without openings, except where permitted
unde r Cl.3.6.2;

(2) h ave the ap pro pri ate fire resistance to comply with the requirem ents of Cl.3.3;

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(3) b e constructed of non -co mbustible materials, together with any beam and column which form part of the wall
and any structure which it carri es; and

(4) n ot include gl ass fire -resisting walls.

b. Exception

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

Cl.3.6.1a.(1) n eed n ot be ap plied to wa ll between car porches of PG I buildings or wall between canopies over
private enclose d spaces located on the gra de level of PG II buildings. This exception shall not apply if the
unprotected op enin g of the car po rches/canopi es fa il to comply with the setback distance requirements from the
other lot b oun dary.

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

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3.6.2 Openings in separating walls

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A separating wall shall h ave no ope nings except for:

a. a door req uire d to provide a means of escape in the event of a fire, having the same fire resistance as that
requ ire d for the wall an d complying with Cl.3.9.2, or

b. a door provid ed for the pu rpose of pu blic circulation and permitted by the SCDF, having the same fire resistance
as that requi red fo r the wall and complying wit h Cl.3.9.2, or

c. an openin g for the p assage of a pipe complying with the relevant provisions of Cl.3.9.3.

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3.6.3 Roof junction

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A separating wall shall b e ei ther extend ed up to fo rm a close joint with the underside of a pitched roof of non -combustible
covering o r extende d up a bo ve the level of such roof covering. The junction between such separating wall and roof shall
be prope rly fire -stop ped so as not to rend er in effective the resistance of such separating wall to prevent the spread of
fire.

3.6.4 External wall junction

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If any external wall is exten ded across the en d of a separating wall, such external wall and separati ng wall shall be
bond ed tog ether or the ju nction of such walls shall be fire -stopped to comply with the requirem ents of Cl.3.12.

3.6.5 Prohibition of combustible materials in separating walls

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No combustible material sha ll be built into, extend ed through, across the ends of, or over the top of separating walls in
such a way as to rende r inef fective the resistance of such separati ng walls to prevent the spread of fire.

CLAUSE 3.7 COMPARTMENT WALLS AND COMPARTMENT FLOORS

3.7.1 Requirements of compartment walls or compartment floors

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Every compartment wall or c ompartment flo or shall be required to:

a. form a complete ba rrie r to fire betwe en the compartments it separates;

b. have the app ro priate fi re resistance to comply with the requirem ents of Cl.3.3, except for compartment which is
abutting a common circulati on space and n ot more than 3m from the eaves of the bui lding;

c. be constructed of non -co mbustible materia ls (together with any beam or column which forms part of the wall or
floor, and any structure whic h it carries); an d

d. shall not have fire -resisti ng glass components, unles s permitted under Cl.3. 15.14 .

3.7.2 Openings in compartment wall or compartment floor

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A compartment wall or comp artment floo r shall have no openings in it, except for

a. a door which has the sam e fire resistance rati ng as the compartment wal l and com plies with the relevant
requ ireme nts of Cl.3.4, unle ss permitted by other provisions of the Code, or

b. a protected shaft which c omplies with the requi rements of Cl.3.8, or

c. the passage of a pipe o r ventilation d uct.

Such openin gs in the compa rtment wall o r compartment f loor shall be protected to comply with the relevant provisions
of Cl.3.9.

3.7.3 Openings

a. Junction with other stru cture s

Where a compartme nt wall o r compartment floo r forms a junction with any structure comprising any other compart ment
wall, or a ny external wall, separati ng wa ll or structure enclosing a protected shaft, such structures shall be bonded
togethe r at the junctions or t he junctions shall be fire -stopped to comply with the requirement s of Cl.3.12.

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b. Opening in curtain walling

The ope ning occurrin g at the junction bet wee n the edge of a structural floor and the curtain walli ng shall be seal ed to
prevent the spread of smoke and flame from the lo wer floor to the upper floor via the openi ng. Materi als to be used for
sealing the o peni ng shall h a ve the requisite fire resistance rating as the elements of structure.

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3.7.4 Compartment wall - roof junctions

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Where a compartme nt wall forms a junction with a roof, such compartment wall shall be extended up to form a cl ose joint
with the un dersid e of the ro o f and shall be p rop erly fire -stopped or shall be extended up above the level of the roof
covering an d the junctio n be tween such compartme nt wall and roof shall be properly fire -stopped so as not to render
ineffective the resistance of such compartment wall to th e effects of the spread of fire.

3.7.5 Prohibition of combustible materials

No combustible material sha ll be built into, extend ed through or extended across the ends of any compartment wall or
compartment floo r or exten d ed over the to p of any compartment wall i n such a manner as to render i neffective the
resistance of such wall or fl oor to the effects of the spread of fire.

3.7.6 Non-combustibility of compartment walls or floors

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Every compartment wall or c ompartment flo or shall be constructed of non -combustibl e materials, unless permitted by the
SCDF.
3.7.7 Use of fire shutter

a. General

A fire shutter is permitted to be used as compartment wall, except for the fire compartmentation to comply with the
requ ireme nts of Cl.3.2.4b., Fire Comma nd Ce ntre (FCC) and means of escape, whic h include exit staircases, smoke -
free lob bies/ fire lift lobbi es, internal exit passageways, etc.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023

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b. Fire resistan ce

The fire shutters, which a re used to protect op enings in compartment wall/floor, shal l have the necessary fire
resistance includin g thermal insulation, not less than that of the compartment wall/floor. However, fire shutters,
which are installed at the e d ge of atria, voids such as escalator void areas and between floors, and door way, need
not have therm al insulatio n.

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c. Operation

The commonly used shutters such as vertical, horizontal and lateral fire shutters shal l comply with SS 489 and the
followin g:

(1) Ver tical fire shutter op erated by gravi ty during a fire

Upon activation by a fire ala rm system or fusible link, the operating mechanism of curtains/leaves of the
vertical fire shutter shall b e rele ased. The curtai n/leaves shall descend under gravity at a controlled rate.

(2) Elec trically -opera ted v ertical, lateral and horizontal fire shu tter (fu sible link is not required)

Upon activation by fire alarm system, the electrical motor shall drive the curtains/leaves to descend and shall
be backed up by eme rge ncy powe r supply. The power and signal cabl es shall be fire -rated.

(3) Activ ation time and clo sing speed

(a) Fo r vertical fire shutter with height not exceeding 6m, the maximum time for full closure of the fire
shutter shall not exceed 3 0 secs from time of activation, with a descending speed not exceeding 0.2m/sec.

(b) Fo r vertical fire shutter with height exceeding 6m and not more than 12m, the m aximum time of full
closure of the fire shutte r shall not exceed 60 secs from time of activation, with a descending speed not
exceeding 0.2m/sec.

d. Mode of activa tion

The mode of activation for fi re shutters at different locations shall be as follows:

(1) Fire shu tters a s separ a ting wall between two buildings (if allowed in accord ance with Cl.3.6. 2)

(a) Two buil dings sepa rated by a common fire shutter:

Both gravity -ope rate d and el ectrically -operated fi re shutters shall be linked to the fire alarm systems of
both buil dings an d shall be activated by the fire alarm system of either building. Activation solely by
fusible link is not permitted.

(b) Two buil dings sepa rated by two separate fire shutters :

Both gravity -ope rate d and el ectrically -operated fi re shutters shall be activated by the fire alarm system of
its own buildi ng. Activation solely by fusible link is not permitted.

(2) Fire shu tters a s compartment wall/ floor for limiting compartment area and cubical extent

Fire shutters as compartmen t wall/ floor for limiting compartment areas and cubical extent, as compartment
betwee n different pu rpose g roups, as compartment of special rooms such as kitchen, electrical room, store
room, etc. and as compartm ent of basement p assenger/ goods lift lobby: and as compartment of basement
passenge r/ goods lift lobby:

(a) Fo r gravity -ope rated vert ical fire shutters, activation by fusible link is acceptable.
 (b) Fo r electrically -ope rated fire shutters, activation shall be by local smoke detectors.

(3) Fire shu tters a s compartmenta tion at atrium/ voids or between floors (b eing part of th e engineer ed
smoke control design )

Only electrically -op erate d fire shutters are permitted. The signal to operate the respective fire shutter shall be
from a dedicate d smoke detector installed at the respective smoke zone.

3.7.8 Fire safety signage for fire shutter and smoke curtain

Effective Date: 15 Mar 2021

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a. Exit directional signag e marked with a n arrow and the word “EXIT” shal l be prominently painted/ pasted on fire
shutters/ smoke curtains to redirect building occupants to the nearest exits if the activated shutters visually obscure
the buildi ng exit and/ o r dire ctional signs. The sign shall be reflective and the letters at least 100mm in height.

b. Signage fo r ale rting p erso ns not to impede the operati on of fire shutters/ smoke curtains shall be permanently
displayed at promine nt locations and suitabl e intervals close to the descending paths of the fire shutters/ smoke
curtains. The letteri ng of the sign shall be at least 25mm high in a colour contrasting with the background and states
the followi ng wh ere applica b le:

(1) “FI RE SHUTTER – KEEP CLEAR”

(2) “SMOKE CURTAIN – KE EP CLEAR”

3.7.9 Emergency generator room

a. An emerge ncy generator room shall be compartmented as stipulated under Tabl e 6. 4A .

b. An emerge ncy generator can be located in an external space provided:

(1) the setb ack distance between th e outdoor emergenc y generat or from other surrounding hazards except
water tank shall b e at least 3m; and

(2) if the re is more than one outdoo r emergency generat or, each outdoor emergency generator shall be
separate d from the oth er by a dividing wall of masonry construction for the full l engt h and height of the
adjacent o utdoo r emergency gene rator.

CLAUSE 3.8 PROTECTED SHAFTS

3.8.1 Purpose of protected shaft

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A protected shaft shall not b e used for any pu rp ose addit ional to those given as defined under Cl. 1.4.85. All services such
as, pipe/duct installation sh all not be locate d inside a protected staircase,unless otherwise permitted in Cl.3.8.7.
Likewise, no wash room is all owed to b e located inside an exit staircase.

Effective Date: 15 Sep 2020

3.8.2 Requirements of protected shaft

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Every protected shaft shall b e req uire d to:

a. form a complete ba rrie r to fire betwe en the different compartments which the shaft connects;

b. have the app ro priate fi re resistance to comply with the requirem ents of Cl.3.3; and

c. be constructed of non -co mbustible materia l (toget her with any beam or col umn which forms part of the enclos ure
and any structure which carries it).

3.8.3 Openings in protected shaft

 a. A protected shaft shall ha ve no open ings in its enclosure, except in the case of any part of the enclosure:

(1) in th e case of any part of the enclosure which is formed by a separating wall, any opening which compli es
with the re qui rements of Cl. 3.6 for sepa rating walls, or

(2) in th e case of any part of the enclosure which is formed by a compartment wall or a compartment floor, any
openi ng which complies with the requi rements of Cl.3.7 for compartment wall or compartment floor, or

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(3) in th e case of any part of the enclosure which is formed by the prot ecting structure:

(a) a d oo r which has the a pp rop riate fire resistance to comply with the requirements of Cl.3.4 for test of
fire resistance, or oth erwise permitted by provision of Cl. 3.8.6, or

(b) the passage of a pi pe, e xcluding protecting structure to exit staircase and exit passageway, or

(c) inlets to and outl ets from and op ening for the duct, if the shaft contains or serves as a ventilation duct.

b. Such openin gs in the protected shaft shall be protected to comply with the relevant provisions of Cl.3.9 for
protection of o peni ngs.

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3.8.4 Non-combustibility of protecting structures

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Every protecting structure s hall be constructed wholly of non -combustible materi als except that floor, wall and ceiling
finishes which do not contri b ute to the fire resistance of such protecting structure are not be requi red to comply with the
requ ireme nts for non -combu stibility.

3.8.5 Ventilation of protected shaft

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Ventilation of p rotected shaf t shall comply with the following:

a. A protected shaft used for the passage of people, such as exit staircases, shall be ventilated to comply with the
relevant p rovisions of the Code.

b. A protected shaft containi ng a pip e conveying gas shall be adequately ventilated directly to the outside air or have
other mod es of ventilation al lowed und er SS 608.

3.8.6 Doors in protecting structures

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a. Any door fitted to an op en ing in protecting structure s hall have fire resistance for not less than half the
peri od re qui red by othe r pro visions of the Code for the protecting structure surroundi ng the opening.

b. Exception

(1) Any doo r fitted to an op e ning in protecting structure of a shaft containing services, such as electrical
cables, pipes (includi ng g as pipe in separate shaft), ducts etc., is not required to hav e the fire resistance
rating if the d oor is located along the wall facin g the external corridor.

(2) Any metal doo r fitted to an ope ning i n protecting structure of a rubbish/ bin chute is not required to
have the fire resistance rati ng if:

(a) the thickness of the rub b ish/ bin chute door is at least 1.5mm;

(b) the rub bish/ bin chute do or is sealed with rubber gasket; and

(c) the ru bbish/ bin chute d o or shall be self -closing type.

c. Any door fitted to an open ing in protecting structure of a shaft containing services, such as electrical and
telecommunication cabl es, pipes (includi ng gas pipe in separate shaft), ducts etc., is not requi red to comply
with the re qui rements in Cl. 2.3.9d.(2 ) if it is fitted with a self -closing device. Rising mains and hose reel doors
shall not be fitted with self -c losing device and shall comply with the stipulated corridor width when the door is
in its fully opened positio n. Areas within the swi ng paths of th e rising mains and hose reel doors shall be clear
of any obstruction/storag e at all times.
 Effective Date: 1 Sep 2021

3.8.7 Protected shaft containing exit staircase

a. A protected shaft which contains an exit staircase shall not contain any services e.g. pipes, cables, ducts, etc.,
that are n ot solely serving the same exit staircase (even if the services are protected with fire -rated dry
construction), except for:

(1) cut -off spri nkler an d pip e for that staircase;

(2) UPVC o r cast iron rai n water do wnpi pes serving the roof directly above the exit staircase, and not routed
throu gh anywhere outside th e staircase;

(3) rising mains; and

(4) metal water sup ply pipe and wat er tap not exceeding 50mm in diameter.

Effective Date: 15 Mar 2021

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b. The prot ecting structure shall be constructed of masonry, or drywall. If drywall construction is used, all of the
followin g conditio ns shall be complied with:

(1) the drywall sha ll be no n -combustible;

(2) the drywall sha ll have fire resistance rating for not less than the relevant period specified in Tabl e
3.3A having re ga rd to the pu rpose g rou p of the buil ding of which it forms a part and the dimension specified in
that table;

(3) the drywall sha ll, in term s of impact & deflection perf ormance, meet the partition grade specified under BS
9999 (Test for partitio ns) in accordance wit h BS 5234-2;

(4) the drywall sha ll meet the criteria, in terms of water absorpti on and bending strength performance, when
subject to the test of BS EN 520 o r ISO 1896; and

(5) the buildi ng shall h ave at least two independent exit staircase shafts (scissors exit staircases are
considere d single shaft).

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3.8.8 Lift shaft

A protected shaft which cont ains a lift shall comply with the followi ng:

a. It shall not contain any pipe conveying gas or combustible liqui d, other than those in the mechanism of a hydraulic
lift.

b. The prot ecting structure shall be constructed of masonry, or drywall. If drywall construction is used, the condi tions
stipulated un der Cl.3.8.7 b.(1 ) to (5) shall be compli ed wit h. The drywal l shall also meet the criteria of cyclic loading
and dynamic test as specified unde r Cl.3.3 of the National Construction Code of Australia C 1.8

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c. Where a lift is either locat ed at the ed ge of atrium floors or at the external wall and outside the building, the lift
shall be conside red as not e nclosed within a protected s haft.

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d. The prot ected shaft shall be vented in accordance wit h SS 550. The vents shall be so arranged as to induce
exhaust ventilation of the sh aft. Where vents cannot be provided because of the l ocation of the lift shaft, a
ventilation duct protected by drywal l complying wit h Cl.3. 8.7b. serving as ventilation of the shaft may be provided
instead. If the duct is not fire -rated, fire d ampers shall be provided to the duct at the wall of the lift shaft, provided
such relaxation shall n ot ap ply to shafts containing a fire lift.

e. Openin gs for the passage of lift cables into the lift motor room located above or at the bottom of the shaft shall be
as small as practicable.

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f. Fire resistance

(1) A transom p anel a bove the lift entrance shall be considered as part of the protecting structure and shall therefore
conform to the fire resistance req uirem ents of the protec ting structure.
 (2) In the case of motor -ro o m-less lifts, the lift control panel enclosure located at the lift lobby shall not affect the
fire resistance re quirements of the protecting structure.

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g. If it serves any basement storey, it shall be enclosed by a protected lobby with walls having 1 -hr fire resistance
rating a nd fire doo r of ½ -hr f ire resistance rating. If the protected lobby also acts as a smoke -free lobby required
unde r Cl.2.2.1 3, it shall be mechanically ventilated in accordance with Cl. 7.1.10.

Exception:

(1) W here the lift landi ng area is adjoini ng an air well or external space of minimum clear area 10m ² and minim um
width of 3m, the distance be tween the n ea rest edge of lif t door opening to the ai r wel l shall not exceed 3m.

(2) W here the baseme nt storey forms part of a buildi ng under PG I o r a singl e household cluster housing
compartment withi n a PG II developme nt and has a basement area not exceeding 100m².

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h. Private lift

A private lift that is provided for the exclusive use of occupants in residential buildi ngs under PG II shall comply with
all of the followi ng requi rem ents:

(1) A smoke detector shall b e provid ed at the lift landi ng area. The activation of any of the smoke detectors at
the lift landing are a shall cause the lift to home to the designated floor.

(2) Emergency power supply from a standby generating plant shall be provided to home the lift to the
designate d floor whe n there is a power fail ure i n the buil ding.

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(3) An alte rnat e design ated f loor (e.g., any other floor wit h common lobby) shall be identified. The lift shall be
brou ght to the alte rnate desi gnated flo or in the event that there is a fire at the 1st storey designat ed floor. For
buildi ngs without a n alte rnat e designat ed floor, the lift shall return to the last called floor in the event that the
designate d floor is on fire.

(4) Th e lift shall not serve a s a fire lift.

(5) Private lifts shall comply with SS 550.

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3.8.9 Protected shaft containing other services installations

A protected shaft used for th e enclosure of services shall comply with the following:

a. The prot ecting structure f or a protected shaft, containing mechanical ventilati on ducts serving areas specified
in Cl.5.2.1g.(1) a nd Cl.5.2. 1 h. or kitchen exhaust ducts, which pass through floor slabs, shall be of masonry
construction. Such a shaft shall be complet ely compartmented from the rest of the shaft space containing other ducts
or any othe r services installations. A protected shaft conta ining ducts serving other areas which pass through floor
slabs can be constructed of drywall. If the prot ected shaft is of drywall construction, the conditions stipulated
in Cl.3.8.7b. shall b e compli ed with.

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b. Cavity bar riers

A protected shaft used for th e enclosure of electrical power services shall be interrupt ed at every floor level with at
least ½-hr fire resistance cavity barriers. Protected shaft used for the enclosure of telecommunications services shall
be interrupt ed by at least ½ -hr fire resistance cavity barriers at vertical intervals not exceeding 15m. The cavity
barriers withi n trunkin g encl osing electrical an d telecom munication cables can be ex empted if the followi ng
conditions are met:

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(1) the cab les shall be flame retard ant type complying wi th IEC 60332;

(2) the flo or wit hin the shaft shall be sloped upward with an angl e of at least 45° to the floor level; and

(3) the fi re do ors to the protected shaft are installed with self-closing devices.

c. Self-closing devic es

Automatic self -closing devices are not requi red to be installed on fire resisting doors opening into protected shaft s
which are interrupt ed by at least ½ -hr fire resistance cavity barriers at every floor lev el, or protected shafts
containing san itary pip es or water pi pes, provided that the fire resisting doors are kept closed and locked at all
times.
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d. Siting of protected sh afts

All protected shafts containi ng services shall not be located within an exit staircase except for the case of residential
apartme nt/ maisonette devel opment un der PG II not exceeding 4 -storey where smoke -free l obby is not required

CLAUSE 3.9 PROTECTION OF OPENINGS

3.9.1 Application

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The provisions of this Clause concern the p rotection of openi ngs permitted in elements of structure or other forms of fire
resisting construction, which are re qui red to act as a barrier to fire and smoke.

3.9.2 Fire doors

Fire do ors for p rotection of openi ngs shall comply with all of the followi ng:

a. Fire doo rs shall have the approp riate fire resistance as required by rel evant parts of the Code.

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b. All fire doors shall b e fitted with an a utomatic self -closing device which is capabl e of closing the door from any
angle a nd a gainst any latch fitted to the door. The omission of a self -closing device t o the bolted door leaf of a two -
leaf doo r is accept able if the door is the ent rance door to a residential unit under PG II.

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c. Where a self -closing d evice would b e considered a hi ndrance to the normal use of the building, fire doors can be
held op en as follo ws:

(1) by a fusible li nk, or

(2) by electromagn etic or el ectromechanical devices which can be activated via smoke detector and/or the
buildi ng ala rm system.

d. Any hinge on which a fire door is hu ng shall be of the approved type, complying wi th SS 332.

e. Any fire door fitted in a n openi ng which is provided as a means of escape:

(1) shall b e capab le of bei ng opene d manually, without the use of key, tool, special knowledge or effort for
operation from the inside of the buildi ng;

(2) shall n ot be he ld op en by any means other than by an electromagnetic or electrom echanical device which
can be activated via smoke detector an d/ or the building alarm system, except in the case of fire doors opening
into pressurise d exit staircases; and

(3) shall o pen i n the directio n of exit travel in accordanc e with Cl.2.3.9.

f. Fire doors, wh ere req uire d , shall be constructed and installed to comply with specifications stipulated under SS
332.

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3.9.3 Pipes

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a. Pipes passing throu gh a separating wall, compartment wall or compartment floor s hall be kept as small as
possible and b e fire -stoppe d arou nd the pi pe. The nominal diameter of the pipe shall not be more than the respec tive
dimension give n in Tabl e 3.9A . These pipe pe netrations are permitted only for conv eying non -hazardous & non -
combustible substances such as air, water, etc., and approved fire -stopping material shall be appl ied around the
pipe pe netration. The clea r spacing betwe en pi pes shall be at minimum 50mm or hal f the diameter of the largest
pipe, which ever is larg er.

b. The followi ng pip es of no minal diamete r larger than 150mm, subject to the conditions listed
unde r Cl.3.9.3c. bel ow, are permitted to pe netrate through a separating wall, compartment wall or compartment f loor:

(1) eme rg ency standby diesel gene rato r steel exhaust pi pes connected di rectly to the external space;
 (2) pi pes of non -combustible material (such as cast iron or steel) with pipe wall thickness of at least 5mm, and
melting poi nt of at least 120 0ºC; and

(3) the rmal insul ated pip es with pipe wall thickness of at least 5mm and combustible insulation in compliance
with Cl.7.1.2c.(1 ). The metal sheath for insulation materi al shall be at least 0.6mm thick galvanised steel with
the melting poi nt, including pipe supp ort, of at least 1200ºC.

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c. The following con ditions shall be complie d with for penetration of pipes stipulated under Cl.3.9.3b. :

(1) Fo r no n-spri nkler -protected area, pipe supports within 3m from the pipe penet rati on shall be strengthened
such that the tensile stress gene rate d on the supports shall not exceed 10N/mm and will not be softened or
2

fracture when exp osed to te mperatu re of 750ºC. For spri nkler -protected area, the pipe supports and pipe
penet rations shall b e prot ected by the sprinkler system;

(2) Combustible mate rials or services (e.g., pipe or duct work) are not permitted to be placed withi n 1m before
and after th e pen etratio n [except for those thermal insul ated pipes constructed under Cl.3.9.3b.(3). For the
purp ose of this sub -clause, fire-rate d materials are deemed as non -combustible; and

(3) Th e pen etratio n shall not pass through fire -rated wall / floor of exit staircase, fire lift lobby, smoke -free
lobby, electrical switch room , transformer room, generat or room, battery room and fan room serving fi re
protection system, fire pump room, FCC, fuel tank room, and areas handling hazardous materials. Except for
exit staircase, the penetratio n of pipes through the abovementioned rooms/ spaces is permitted if the pipes are
fully enclosed by fire -rated e nclosure with the same fire -rating as the fire -rated walls/ floors it passes through.

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

d. In addition to Cl. 3.9.3a. , fuel and ve nt pipes for emergency standby diesel generat ors and fuel tanks located
outside the room they served shall be enclose d in construction having at least 2 -hr fi re resistance rati ng. They shall
not be located i n intakes/ fresh air vent shafts.

e. Routing of gas pipes in basements

(1) All gas pip es that are ro uted in basement shall be A PI pipes with welded joints. These joints shall be 100%
radi ography checked in accordance with SS 608. The gas pipes are not requi red to be fire -rated if they are
runn ing o utside essential areas such as an exit staircases, smoke -free or fire lift lobby, fire pump room,
gene rato r ro om, FCC, etc.. If gas pipes run pass through an essential area, they are re quired to be encased in
masonry.

(2) Fo r mechanically ventilat ed basement, the gas pipes shall be provided with pipe sleeves to vent the gas
pipes. One en d of the sleeve shall be exposed to the external space in accordance with SS 608.

(3) Fo r natu rally ventilated b asement that complies with Cl.6.4.1d.(2)(b)(ii) , the provi sion of pipe sleeve is not
requ ire d.

3.9.4 Ventilation ducts

A ventilation duct which pas ses directly through a compartment wall or compartment floor shall comply with the followi ng:

a. Where the ventilation duct does not form a prot ected shaft or is not contained wit hin a protecting structure,

(1) the duct shall be fitted with a fire damper where it passes through the compartment wall or compartment
floor; and

(2) the ope ning fo r the duct shall be kept as small as practicable and any gap around the fire damper shall be
fire-stopp ed.

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b. Where the ventilation duct forms a protected shaft or i s contained within a prot ecting structure, the duct shall be:

(1) fitted with fire damp ers a t the inlets to the shaft and outlets from it; and

(2) constructed and lin ed wit h materials in accordance wi th the requirements in Chapter 7.

c. The installation of ventilation ducts and fire dampers shall comply with the requi rements in Chapter 7.

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3.9.5 Flues
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Ducts encasing one o r more flue pipes which p ass through a compartment wall or compartment floor shall be of non -
combustible construction, ha ving fire resistance of not less than half the minimum period of fire resistance required for the
compartment wall or compa rtment floor thro ugh which it passes, except for ki tchen flue pipes when the fi re resistance
shall be as req uired for the compartment wall or compartment floor.

3.9.6 Services passing through FCC, fire pump room, emergency generator room and smoke
control fans room

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Air ducts, sanitary pipes, gas pipes, electrical conduits/ cable tray and ot her services that are likely to permit the passag e
of flame or smoke in the eve nt of a fire shall not be perm itted to pass through any of the followi ng spaces:

a. FCCs

b. Fire pump rooms

c. Emergency generat or roo ms

d. Smoke control fans rooms

except where such services are requi re d for the operation of the equi pment in these areas.

3.9.7 Services running inside and/or passing through fire lift lobby and smoke -free lobby

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

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a. Air ducts, sanitary pipes, gas pipes, electrical condui ts/ cable trays, and other services, e.g., fan coil units,
ventilation fans (essential o r non -essential) a re permitted to locate, run inside and/ or pass through a fire lift or
smoke-free lob by provid ed a l l these services are protect ed with a 1 -hr fi re resistanc e rating enclosure, or separated
with a 1-hr fire resistance ceiling from the said lobby.

b. For cablings/ pipin gs of firefightin g or fire prot ection systems serving or runni ng through the above lob bies, and
for othe r services that are re quired for o peration of the above lobbi es duri ng fire em ergency, e.g., lighting,
mechanical ventilation sy stems, these need not be separately protected.

c. Exception

The above requi reme nts are n ot applicab le for servic es runni ng inside and/ or passing through an external
corrid or.

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

3.9.8 Gas pipes running inside an internal corridor/lobby

Gas pipes run ning i nside an intern al corri dor/l obby without fire resistance enclosure shall be encased with a pipe
duct/sleeve vented to an externa l space.

CLAUSE 3.10 EXIT STAIRCASES

3.10.1 Non-combustibility of structure

Every exit staircase, including the tre ads/ risers and landing, shall be constructed of non -combustible materi als. The
exception is for buildi ngs un der PG I, where only the stri nger or structures supporting the treads/ risers and landing shall
be constructed of non -comb ustible materials.

3.10.2 Compartmentation

Effective Date: 2 Mar 2020

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The exit staircase shall be separated from other p arts of the building by a masonry structure or drywall complying
with Cl.3.8.7b. which shall h ave fire resistance for not less than the period required by Cl.3.3 for elements of structure.
The flight, landi ng a nd supp orting structures of the exit staircase shall comply with Cl.3.10.1 and fire resistance rating is
not req uire d.

3.10.3 Exit doors

Doo rs openi ng into the exit staircase shall have at least ½ -hr fire resistance rating and fitted with an automatic self -
closing device.

3.10.4 Finishes

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Finishes to the ceilings/ wall s and floors of exit staircase shall be of non -combustible materials.

CLAUSE 3.11 CONCEALED SPACES

3.11.1 General provision

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Conceal ed spaces in a buil d ing, such as those within suspended ceilings or raised fl oors, shall be sub -divided by
construction of cavity barriers to restrict the spread of smoke and flames.

3.11.2 Closing the edges of cavities

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Cavity barrie rs shall be used to close the edges of cavities, edges around openi ngs through a wall, floor and any other
part of the construction which contains a cavity and to separat e any cavity in a wall, floor or any other part of the
construction from any othe r such cavity.

3.11.3 Interrupting cavities

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If a fire-resistant ba rrie r (su ch as a compartment wall, floor, ceiling or roof) abuts a cavity (including a roof space), such a
barrier shal l be extend ed to sub -divide th e cavity to form a complete fire resistant barrier. Such cavity barriers shall be of
fire resisting construction at least equal to the p rovision for that required of the fire resisting barri er.

3.11.4 Sub-division of extensive cavities

Cavities, including roof spaces, unless otherwise permitted, shall be sub -divided so that the maximum distance between
cavity barriers shall not exceed the relevant dime nsions given under Tabl e 3.11A .

3.11.5 Fire resistance and fixing of cavity barriers

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Cavity barrie rs shall be:

a. constructed to provide at least ½ -hr fire resistance rat ing; and

b. tightly fitted to rigid construction or th e junctions shall be fire -stopped to comply with the requirem ents of Cl.3.12.

3.11.6 Openings in cavity barriers

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A cavity barrie r shall have n o openi ng except for:

a. a door which has the sam e fire resistance rati ng as the cavity barrier, and are kept closed all the times;

b. a pipe which complies with the provision u nder Cl.3.9. 3;

c. a cable or conduit contain ing one or more cables;

d. a duct which is fitted with suitably mounted automatic fire damper where it passes through the cavity barrier; and
 e. other o peni ngs fitted with a suitably mounted fire dam per.

3.11.7 Raised floors for fixed stages and display platforms

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The construction of raise d floors for fixed stages and display platforms shall comply with the following requirements:

a. the concealed space b etween the structural floor and raised floor shal l not be used for storage;

b. no services or installation shall be permitte d within the concealed space other than electrical wiri ng in conduit in
compliance with the req uire ments of SS 638;

c. all sides of the raised floor shall be p rop erly sealed; and

d. the concealed space shall be subdivided by cavity barriers in compliance with the requirements
of Cl.3.11.4 an d Tabl e 3.11 A .

3.11.8 Raised floors with or without accessible panels

The construction of raise d floors with o r witho ut accessible panels shall comply with all of the following requi rem ents:

a. The suppo rting structure shall be constructed of non -combustible materials having a melting poi nt of at least
750°C.

b. The conceale d space bet ween th e structural floor and raised floor shall not be used for storage.

c. No services or installation s shall be permitted within the concealed space other than:

(1) el ectrical wiri ng in metal conduit an d metal trunking in compliance with the requirements of SS 638;

(2) communicatio n cables fo r computer e quipment; and

(3) fire protection installatio ns serving the area.

d. Where the raise d floor is used as a plen um, requi rem ents in Cl.7.1.4 shall be sati sfied.

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

e. Decking of the raised flo o r shall be constructed of non -combustible materi al. Where combustible material is used
as core material, if allo wed i n the case of sprinkler -protected buildings, the top, bottom, all sides and cut edges shall
be covered with ma teri al wit h surface pro perty complying with Class 0 (excluding materials for floor finishes).

f. In the case of raised floors with accessible panels, access sections or panels shal l be provided such that all
concealed spaces between t he structural floo r and raised floor are easily accessible.

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g. Openin gs in the raise d floor for e ntry of electrical cabl es shall be effectively closed to prevent entry of debris or
other combustibl e material i nto the conceale d spaces.

h. All sides of the raised floor shall be p ro perly sealed.

i. the concealed space shall be subdivide d by cavity barri ers such that the maximum unobstructed area within the
concealed space d oes not e xceed 930m . 2

j. Where the conce aled spac e is fitted with an automatic sprinkler system which complies with the requirements in
Chapte r 6, cavity barrie rs are not req uired.

k. For a non-sp rinkler -p rotec ted buildi ng, if the height of the concealed space measured between the top of the
structural floor and u nde rsid e of the raised flo or decking exceeds 150mm, it shall be fitted with an automatic smoke
detection system complying with req uirements of SS 645. For a sprinkler -protected building, the concealed space
shall be fitted with an autom atic smoke detection system as above if its height is between 150mm to 400mm, and
automatic sprinkler system if it exceeds 400mm; and

l. Where the heig ht of concealed space measu red between the top of the structural floor and the underside of the
raised floo r decking is less than 50mm, the requi rements on provision of cavity barri ers shall not be applicable.

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3.11.9 Provision for concealed spaces between floor or roof and suspended ceilings

Provision of cavity barriers within the conceal ed spaces of suspended ceiling can be exempted provided all of the
followin g re quirements are c omplied wit h:

a. The conceale d space shal l not be used for storage.

b. The suppo rting el ements shall be constructed of non -combustible material.

c. The exposed surfaces within the conceal ed space is of Class 0 flame spread (excl uding surfaces of any pipe,
cable, conduit or i nsulation of any pipe).

d. In the case of a detector protected b uildi ng:

(1) if the conceal ed space d oes not exceed 800mm in depth, or

(2) if the conceal ed space is fitted with detectors which comply with the requirements of Chapter 6.

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e. In the case of a sprinkler -protected b uildi ng:

(1) if the conceal ed space d oes not exceed 400mm in depth, or

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(2) if the conceal ed space e xceeds 400mm and does not exceed 800mm in depth and no combustible materi al
is used within the conceal ed space, or

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(3) if the conceal ed space is fitted with an automatic spri nkler system which complies with the requirements of
Chapte r 6.

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f. In the case of other buildi ngs, the concealed space shall not exceed 800mm in depth.

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3.11.10 Exemption of cavity barriers in ceiling space

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Where the conceale d space of suspended ceili ng is fitted with an automatic sprinkler system which complies with the
requ ireme nts in Chapt er 6,

a. the concealed space can be exempted from provision of cavity barriers; and

b. combustible materials can be used for the supporti ng elements and exposed surfaces of materials within the
concealed space, provided t he ceiling is not situated ov er an exit passageway, smoke -free lobby or other designated
means of escape facilities.

3.11.11 Suspended ceiling over protected areas

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The conceale d spaces of a suspend ed ceiling over an exi t passageway, smoke -stop lobby, exit staircase or other
designate d means of escape facilities shall comply with the followi ng:

a. the ceiling supp orting ele ments and the ceiling shall be constructed of non -combustible materials.

b. the exposed surfaces with in the conceale d space shall be of Class 0 surface flame spread; and

c. where spri nkler system is installed withi n the concealed spaces at smoke -free lobby/ fire lift lobby, the ceiling
supporti ng eleme nts and its exposed surface may have a surface spread of flame not lower than Class 2.

3.11.12 Exemption

Buildings un der PG I are not requi red to comply with the requirements on the provision of cavity barriers in concealed
spaces. Residential units in buildi ngs und er PG II need not comply with requi rements on the provision of cavity barri ers in
concealed floo r an d ceiling s paces.

3.12 FIRE STOPPING

3.12.1 General provision

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Openin gs for pip es, ducts, conduits or cabl es which pas s through any part of a compartment (except for a part which does
not serve as a fire resisting barrier) or cavity barrier, shall be:

a. kept as few in number as possible;

b. kept as small as practicable; and

c. all gaps shall be filled wit h fire -stop ping materials.

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3.12.2 Fire-stopping

Materials for fire stop ping s hall have the n ecessary fire resistance when tested to BS 476: Part 20 or ot her acceptable
standards.

3.12.3 Materials for fire-stopping

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Suitable fire -stoppi ng materi als include:

a. Fire-stop ping a nd sealin g systems (including those designed for service penetrations) which have been shown by
test to maintain the fire resi stance of the wall or other el ement.

b. Other fire -stoppin g materi als include:

(1) cement mort ar;

(2) gypsum -based pl aster;

(3) cement o r gypsum -b ased vermiculite/ perlite mixes;

(4) gl ass fibre, crushed rock, blast furnace slag or ceramic based products (with or wi thout resin bi nders); and

(5) int umescent mastics.

The method of fire-stoppi ng and choice of materi als shall be appropriate to the situati on and its appl ication.

CLAUSE 3.13 CLASSIFICATION OF SPREAD OF FLAME

3.13.1 Requirements for Class 0

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Any reference to a surf ace b eing Cl ass 0 shall be construed as a requi rement that:

a. the material of which the wall or ceili ng is constructed shall be non -combustible throughout, or

b. the surface material (or, i f it is bonded thro ughout to a substrate, the surface material in conj unction wit h the
substrate) shall h ave a surfa ce of Class 1 when tested to BS 476 Part 7 and if tested in accordance with BS 476:
Part 6 shall have an in dex of perform ance (I) not exceedi ng 12 and a sub - index (i ) not exceeding 6.
1

3.13.2 Class other than Class 0

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Any reference to a surf ace b eing of a class other than Cl ass 0, shall be construed as a requi rement that the material
which the wal l or ceilin g is constructed shall comply with the relevant test criteria rel ating to surface spread of flame,
which is specified in relati on to that class in BS 476: Part 7 .

3.13.3 Order of classification

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Class 0 shall be re garded as the highest class (based on BS 476 Part 6 & 7 ), followed in descending order by Class 1,
Class 2, Class 3 and Class 4 (based on BS 476 Part 7 ), as set hereunder:

a. Class 0 - Surface of no flame sprea d. Such surfaces shall conform to the requi rements of Cl.3.13.1.

b. Class 1 - Surface of very low flame spre ad. This refers to surfaces on which during the first 1½ mins of test, the
spread of flame d oes not ex ceed 165mm an d the final s pread of flame does not exc eed 165mm under the relevant
test conditions.

c. Class 2 - Surface of low flame sprea d. This refers to surfaces on which duri ng the first 1½ mins of test, the spread
of flame does not exceed 21 5mm and the final spread of flame does not exceed 455m m under the relevant test
conditions.

d. Class 3 - Surface of medi um flame spread. This refers to surfaces on which during the first 1½ mins of test, the
spread of flame d oes not ex ceed 265mm an d the final s pread of flame does not exc eed 710mm under the relevant
test conditions.

e. Class 4 - Surface of rapi d flame spread. This refers to surfaces on which the spread of flame exceeded the li mit of
Class 3.

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

3.13.4 Class of flame spread to be not lower than specified

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The surface of a wall or ceili ng in a ro om/space shall be of a class not lower than specified as relevant in the Table
3.13A , provide d that

a. Where an autom atic sprin kler system is fitted throughout in the buil ding i n compli ance with the requi rements in
Chapte r 6, there is no control on the surface of flame rating in rooms/spaces, except for the followi ng
occupancies/usage:

(1) h ealthca re facilities, including h ospital, and nursing homes for handicapped, dis abled, aged or persons with
mental and/o r mobility impai rments;

(2) d etentio n facilities; and

(3) exit staircases, exit passageways and smoke -free/fire lift lobbies.

b. Where a build ing is not protected by an automatic spri nkler system, surfaces of the walls and ceili ngs can be of a
surface class not lower than Class 3 to the extent permitted by Cl.3.13.5a. and Cl.3. 13.5b. respectively.

c. If timber is used as the surface material fo r the wal ls along the side gangways of an auditorium which is not
sprinkler -protected, the re qu irements of this regul ation pertaini ng to the requisite class of flame spread can be
relaxed only in respect of th ose parts of such wall surfaces provided the aggregate area of such parts does not
exceed 50% of the whol e surface are a of the side walls of the auditorium.

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3.13.5 Where class of flame spread can be of any class not lower than Class 3

a. Any part of the surface of a wall in a room or compart ment can be of any class not lower than Class 3 if the area
of that part (o r if there a re t wo or mo re such parts, the total area of those parts) does not exceed the following

(1) in th e case of a buildin g or compartment of PG III, 20m , or

2

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(2) in any other case, 60m . 2

b. Any part of the surface of a ceiling can be of any class not lower than Class 3 if that part of the surface is the face
of a layer of materia l the oth er face of which is exposed t o the external air (skylight i ncluded) and complies with any
one of the follo win g:

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(1) Th e ceiling is that of a ro om in a buildi ng or compart ment of PG III, IV, V or VII, or is that of a circulation
space excluding a smoke -fre e lobby, exit staircase or exit passageway in a bui lding or compartment of any
purp ose group, an d

(a) the are a of that part d oe s not exceed 2.5m²; and

 (b) the distance betwe en tha t part and any other such part is not less than 3.5m.

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(2) Th e ceiling is that of a ro om in a buildi ng or compart ment of PG VI or VIII, and

(a) the are a of that part d oe s not exceed 5m²;

(b) the distance betwe en tha t part and any other such part is not less than 1.8m; and

(c) that part a nd all oth er su ch parts are evenly distribut ed over the whol e area of the ceiling and together
have an a rea which does not exceed 20% of the floor area of the room.

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(3) Th e ceiling is that of a b alcony, verandah, open car porch, covered way or loadi ng bay which (regardless of
its floor area ) has at least o ne of its longer sides wholly and permanently open.

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(4) Th e ceiling is that of a g arag e or o utbuil ding which (regardless of whether it form s part of a buildi ng or is a
buildi ng which is attached to anothe r buil ding or wholly detached) has a floor area not exceeding 40m . 2

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3.13.6 Exception

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Wall and ceili ng finishes in the form of thin sheet of not more than 1.0mm thickness mounted to a non -combustible
substrate will not be su bject to the requi reme nt of surface spread of flame provisions , except for exit staircases and
passageways.

3.13.7 Composite panel

Composite pa nel used as wa ll, ceiling or finishes shall comply with Cl.3.15.13.

CLAUSE 3.14 ROOFS

3.14.1 Roof construction

a. The surface of materials f or ro of covering a nd roof construction shall have a surface spread of flame rating not
lowe r than Cl ass 1, or Class A when tested in accordance with ASTM E108, except in the case of PG I and PG II,
and in b uildin gs that are p ro tected throug hout wit h automatic sprinkler system.

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b. Composite pa nel used as roof coverin g shall comply with Cl.3.15.13.

c. Roof covering containi ng plastic shall comply Cl.3.15.19c.(7).

3.14.2 Provision for buildings not exceeding four storeys

Combustible mate rial can b e used for ro of construction for PG III, IV, V and VII buildings which satisfy the following
requ ireme nts:

a. the buildi ng shall n ot exceed fou r storeys;

b. the roof space bet wee n the roof an d the ceiling shall be sub-divided by cavity barri ers where requi red to compl y
with the rel evant provisions of Cl.3.11, and openings in cavity barriers shall be fire -stopped to comply with the
requ ireme nts of Cl.3.12; and

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c. if the underside of the roo f serves as the ceiling to a room or space, the elem ents of the underside of the roof
shall comply with the releva nt provisions of Cl.3.13 for restriction of spread of flame.

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3.14.3 Roof junction with separating wall and compartment wall

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At junctions where the roof meets with a separati ng wal l or compartment wall, the roof construction shall comply with the
relevant requi reme nts unde r Cl.3.6.3 and Cl.3.7.4 respectively.
3.15 MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION

3.15.1 General

Materials used in the construction of buildi ng elem ents shall comply with the provisions stated under this section in
addition to the pe rforma nce requ ireme nts, such as fire resistance rating and limit to spread of flame, stipulated i n other
relevant sections of this Cod e.

3.15.2 Intumescent paint

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Intumescent paint is allowe d to be used for p rotection of structural steel members of all buildi ngs provided all of the
followin g re quirements are c omplied wit h:

a. The paint shall b e of a propri etary system that has been demonstrated to achieve the fire resistance perform ance
as requi red in BS 476 Pa rt 2 0/ 21 or its equivalent, toget her with the specified weathering tests as specified in
the BS 8202: Part 2.

b. Coating of intumescent paint onto structural steels, and subsequent maintenance shall conform to BS 8202: Part
2. Fire test for fire resistance perfo rmance shall be conducted on the specimens after the weat her tests. The fire
resistance rating of the tested specimen shall not dimini sh more than 25%, post - weatheri ng tests.

c. A signage de picting the b elow minimum information s hall be affixed at a conspicuous location:

(1) Name of suppli er

(2) Fi re resistance rating of the intumescent paint

(3) Date of pai nting

(4) Expected dat e of re -pain ting

(5) Cautio n note: “Cautio n – No othe r pai nt/coating shall be appl ied to the surf aces of the structural steel
members prot ected by the in tumescent paint system"

d. In buildin gs unde r PG VI and VIII, where there can be presence of corrosive atmosphere that can affect the
effectiveness of intumescent paints for prot ection to structural steel members of buil dings, such proposal shall be
subjected to evaluatio n of th e SCDF.

3.15.3 Flame retardant chemicals

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Flame reta rda nt chemicals can be used fo r up gra ding of fire resistance rating or surface spread of flame of timber or any
combustible materials, subje ct to the following:

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a. the chemical treatment process is part of the manufacturing process to produce the finished product;

b. the chemical treatment is by means of pressure impregnation conforming to SS 572, or the manuf acturer’s
specification in accordance t o the prot otype test, for timber and other combustible materials, respectively; and

c. the treated materi als/prod ucts have been subjected to a fire test, as required under Cl 3.4.1 o r Cl 3.13.1.

3.15.4 Elements of structure

All elements of structure shall be constructed of non -com bustible materi als in addition to the relevant provisions as
follows:

a. Cl.3.3 for fire resistance of elements of structure

b. Cl.3.5.1, Cl.3.5.2 & Cl.3.5 .4 for external walls

c. Cl.3.6.1a.(3), Cl.3.6. 1b. & Cl.3.6.5 for sepa rating wall s

 d. Cl.3.7.1c ., Cl.3.7.1d., Cl.3.7.5 & Cl.3.7.6 for compartment walls and compartment floors

e. Cl.3.8.2c ., Cl.3.8.4, Cl.3.8.7b. , Cl.3.8.8b., Cl.3.8.8e. and Cl.3.8. 9a. for protected shafts

3.15.5 Protection of openings

Materials used for th e prot e ction of openin gs shall comply with the relevant provisions of Cl.3.9 of this Code for protection
of openi ngs.

3.15.6 Exit staircases

Exit staircases shall be constructed of non -combustible materials to comply with the provisions of Cl.3.10.1.

3.15.7 Raised floors

Materials used for th e construction of raised floo rs shall comply with the provisions of Cl.3.11.8a. and Cl.3.11.8 e. .

3.15.8 Ceiling and ceiling supports

a. Materials used for constru ction of ceiling and its supports shall comply with Table 3.13B , except for supports that
are requi re d to comply with Cl.3.11.9b. .

b. Construction of ceilin gs and ceiling sup ports located within sprinkler -prot ected building shall comply with the
provision of Cl.3.1 1.10b. .

3.15.9 Fire-stopping

Materials used for fire -stop p ing shall comply with the rel evant provisions of Cl.3.12. 2 and Cl.3.12.3.

3.15.10 Surfaces of walls and ceilings

Materials used o n the surfac es of walls and ceilings are required to meet the requirements for restriction of spread of
flame, and shall comply with the perfo rmance requi rements as stipulated under Cl.3. 13.

3.15.11 Roof construction

Materials used for roof construction shall comply with the provisions of Cl.3.14.1 & Cl .3.14.2.

3.15.12 Internal non-load-bearing walls

E
Internal n on -loa d-b ea ring walls in buildin gs shall comply with Table 3.13B and the materials for surface finishes of
intern al non -lo ad-bea rin g wa lls shall not be treate d as part of the wall and shall comply with the relevant provisions
of Cl.3.13.

3.15.13 Composite panel

Composite pa nels used for t he construction of inte rnal non -l oad -bearing walls, as cladding to external/ internal walls or as
roof coverin g shall comply with all of the followi ng criteri a:

a. The oute r layers shall be constructed of non -combustible materi al.

b. The core material (with a ggre gate thickness exceeding 1mm) of composite panel used for buil ding interi or shall
meet the classification stipulated in Tabl e 3.13B .

c. The composite panel used for external wall claddi ng shall be mounted against 1 -hr fire-rated wall and shall comply
with any of the followi ng:

(1) Its core materia l shall meet at least:

(a) BS 476 Part 4 , o r

 (b) BS 476 Part 1 1 , or

(c) Class 0 flame -spread rati ng whe n tested in accordanc e with BS 476 Part 6 & 7 , or

(d) Cl ass B classified unde r EN 13501-1.

(2) Th e pan el assembly shall comply with NFPA 285.

d. Composite pa nel contain i ng plastic shall also comply with Cl.3.15.19.

3.15.14 Fire-rated glass

In buildin gs which are prote cted by an automatic sprinkler system, fire -rated gl ass can be used for the constructi on of
compartment walls, compart ment floors, enclosures of smoke -stop lobbi es and fire li ft lobbies, and protected shafts not
containing exit staircase and fire lift, subject to the following:

a. the walls shall have the n ecessary fire resistance, including i nsulation, when subj ect to test under BS 476 Part 20-
23; and

b. the doo rs shall have the n ecessary fire resistance, including i nsulation, when subj ect to test under SS 332 or EN
1634 -1; an d

c. the walls and doo rs shall meet the req uirem ent of Class A for Impact performance when tested under AS 2208 or
Class 1 for Impact Level (drop heig ht class) when tested under EN 12600.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

3.15.15 Walls, ceilings, roof covering and finishes

R
Walls, ceilings, floor, roof a nd finishes shall not contain any plastic material, unless the plastic material complies with the
requ ireme nts stipulated in Cl.3.15.19.

3.15.16 Separation of areas undergoing A&A works

E
For ad ditions and alterati ons to existing buildings, non -combustible partitions shall be used for separation of areas
unde rgoi ng A&A works from other occupi ed areas of the buildi ng.

3.15.17 Partition for toilet cubicles

Materials with surface flame spread rating of n ot lower than Cl ass 2 shall be used for the construction of partition for
toilet cubicles. If the material used is of Class 3 surface flame spread rating, total exposed surface area of the partitions
within the toil et shall not be more than 60m².

3.15.18 Timber floors

The use of timber floo rs is allowe d und er the foll owing situations, provided it is protected to achieve the fire resis tance
rating requ ire d of the eleme nt of structure or compartment:

a. for an attic within resid en tial units unde r PG I and II, or

b. in buildi ngs design ated fo r conservation where the timber floors are required to be retained, but subject to
compliance with requi reme nts stipulated unde r Cl.9.9.1, or

c. in buildings built bef ore 1 969 un de r Cl.9.9.1.

3.15.19 Use of plastics in building construction

a. General

(1) Ta bles 3.15A , 3.15B an d 3.15C list the relevant fire test standards and acceptance criteria concerning the
use of plastics for various buildin g applications. Tables 3.15D to 3.15K stipulate whether fire tests are
exempted or req uire d, dep e nding o n the situation, as well as the situations in which the use of plastics is
disallowe d re gardless of the fire test results. The use plastics for wall, ceiling, roof covering, floor and relat ed
finishes is only allowed if th e conditions stated are met.
E
(2) Fo r each test category, o nly one fire test is needed to demonstrate the acceptable fire risk level.

(3) Fi re reta rd ants are also allowed to be used to enhance the fire perf ormance of pl astics for buildi ng
construction provid ed the ret arda nts are applied in suppli ers’ factories according to the retardants’ respective
standards. Accelerated weat heri ng test s will also be required to assess the effect of weather on fire retardants
applie d on external b uildin g applicatio ns.

b. Acceptable fire tes ts an d corresponding acceptan ce criteria

(1) Fo r plastic floor material /finishes, see Table 3.15A .

(2) Fo r plastic wall an d ceili ng materi al/finishes, see Table 3.15B .

(3) Fo r plastic roof coverin g, see Table 3.15C.

c. Conditions for the u se o f plastic s in various building applications

(1) Fo r plastic floor finishes (uncovered ), see Diagram 3. 15.19c.(1) and T able 3.15D.

(2) Fo r plastic material cast into (emb edded withi n) struc tural floor system, see Diagram 3.15.19c.(2) and T able
3.15E.

(3) Fo r plastic floor finishes (covered ), see Diagram 3.15.19c.(3 ) and Tabl e 3.15F .

(4) Fo r plastic wall or ceili ng material/finishes, see Diagram 3.15.19c.(4) and Table 3.15G.

(5) Fo r composite pan el con taining pl astic used as wall or ceiling material/ finishes, see Diagram
3.15.19c.(5 ) an d Table 3. 15 H.

(6) Fo r plastic material emb edde d in masonry wall/ceiling, see Diagram 3.15.19c.(6 ) and Tabl e 3.15I .

(7) Fo r plastic roof coverin g, see Table 3.15J .

(8) Fo r composite pan el con taining pl astic used as roof covering, see Tabl e 3.15K .

3.15.20 UPVC window frame

Windo w frames made p artly or wh olly of UPVC are all owed to be used in buildi ngs provided they are listed under the
prod uct listing scheme and comply with the re quirements stipulated in Tabl e 3.15.20 .

TABLE 3.15.20 : CONDITIONS OF INSTALLATION OF UPVC WINDOW FRAME

Installation height (measured from the level of fire engine accessway/access road) Length of masonry wall break between windows
Building type Length of window
Non-sprinkler-protected Sprinkler-protected Horizontal Vertical
PG I No restriction
PG II < 60m No restriction < 3m > 1m > 1.5m
PG III & VII < 15m < 24m < 3m > 1m > 1.5m
PG IV, V, VI & VIII < 15m < 24m < 5m > 1m > 1.5m
Related Tables
TABLE 3.2A : SIZE LIMITATION OF BUILDING & COMPARTMENT
Compartments Maximum Floor Area Maximum Cubical Extent
(1) (2) (3)
Compartment below ground level
2000m2 7500m³
(No compartment shall comprise more than one storey)
Compartments between average ground level and a height of 24m
4000m2 15000m³
(No compartment shall comprise more than 3 storeys)
Compartments above a height of 24m from average ground level
2000m2 7500m³
(No compartment shall comprise more than one storey)
TABLE 3.3A : Minimum periods of fire resistance

Note :

In this Table -

“cubical extent” means the cubical extent of the building or, if the building is divided into compartments, the compartment of which the elements of structure forms
part;

“floor area” means the floor area of each storey in the building or, if the building is divided into compartments, of each storey in the compartment of which the
element of structure forms part;

“height” has the meaning assigned to that expression by Cl.3.3.1b.;

“NL” means No limit applicable.

“NR” means Not Relevant.

PART I : BUILDINGS OTHER THAN SINGLE STOREY BUILDINGS

Minimum period of fire resistance for elements of structure (*)/external wall/
Purpose Group Maximum Dimensions
compartment wall forming part of:

Height** Floor Cubical

Above ground Basement Storey (hrs)
(1) (m) Area (m²) Extent (m³)
Storey (hrs)(5)
(6)
(2) (3) (4)
PG I - Small residential
House having not more than
NL NL NL 1 1
3 storeys
NR 250 NR 1 1
House having 4 storeys
NL NL NL 1 2
House having more than 4
NL NL NL 1 2
storeys
PG II - Other residential
Building or part (+) having not NL 500 NR 1 1
more than 2 storeys NL NL NL 1 2
NR 250 NR 1 1
Building or part (+) 3 storeys
NL NL NL 1 2
Building having more than 3 28 3000 8500 1 2
storeys NL NL NL 2 2
28 2000 NL 1 1
PG III - Institutional
NL NL NL 2 2
15 NL 3500 1 1
PG IV - Office 28 5000 14000 1 2
NL NL NL 2 2
15 NR 3500 1 1
PG V - Shop 28 1000 7000 1 2
NL NL NL 2 4
15 NR 4250 1 1
PG VI - Factory 28 NR 8500 1 2
NL NL NL 2 4
15 NR 3500 1 1
PG VII - Place of public 28 1000 7000 1 2
resort NL NL NL 2 2
15 NR 1700 1 1
PG VIII - Storage and 15 NR 3500 1 2
general 28 NR 7000 2 4(b)
NL NL NL 4(a) 4(b)

Notes to Part I

For the purpose of Cl 3.3.2 the period of fire resistance to be taken as being relevant to an element of structure is the period included in columns (5) or (6) in the line
of entries which specifies the floor area with which there is conformity or, if there are two or more such lines, in the topmost of those lines.
(*) = A floor which is immediately over a basement storey shall be deemed to be an element of structure forming part of a basement storey.
(**) = Height for elements of structure referred to building height including basement. In the case of compartment wall/external wall, the height shall be based on the
height of the wall between compartment floors.
(+)
= The expression “part” means a part which is separated as described in Cl.3.3.1b..
(a) = This period is reduced to 2-hrs for:

(1) non-sprinkler-protected, open-sided standalone car park buildings

(2) sprinkler-protected, above-ground car park floors in standalone car park building or sprinkler- protected mixed-use building.

(b) = Single basement car park storey, which is sprinkler-protected, the element of structure can be reduced to half the minimum period of fire resistance.

PART 2 - SINGLE STOREY BUILDINGS

Minimum period of fire resistance for elements of structure, external

Maximum Floor Area
wall/ compartment wall
Purpose Group
(m2)
(hrs)
(1)
(2)
(3)

PG I - Small residential NL 1

PG II - Other residential NL 1

PG III - Institutional NL 1

PG IV - Office NL 1

3000 1
PG V - Shop
NL 2

3000 1
PG VI - Factory
NL 2

3000 1
PG VII - Place of public resort
NL 2

1000 1

PG VIII - Storage and general 3000 2

NL 4(a)

Notes to Part 2:

For the purpose of Cl 3.3.2 the period of fire resistance to be taken as being relevant to an element of structure is the period included in column (3) in the line of
entries which specifies the floor area with which there is conformity or, if there are two or more such lines, in the topmost of those lines.

(a)
= This period is reduced to 2-hrs for open-sided buildings which are used solely for car parking.
TABLE 3.3B : REQUIREMENTS FOR SUSPENDED CEILING
Required Fire
Height of Building Type of Floor Resistance of Description of Suspended Ceiling
(1) (2) Floor (4)
(3)
 Non-compartment 1-hr or less Surface of ceiling exposed within
the cavity not lower than Class I
Compartment Less than 1-hr surface flame spread rating.
Surface of ceiling exposed within
the cavity not lower than Class 0
Compartment 1-hr surface flame spread rating;
Less than 15m
supports and fixing for the ceiling
non-combustible.
Ceiling of non-combustible con-
struction and jointless; supports
Any More than 1-hr
and fixings for the ceiling non-
combustible.
Surface of ceiling exposed within
the cavity not lower than Class 0
Any 1-hr or less surface flame spread rating and
jointless; supports and fixing for the
15m or more ceiling non-combustible.
Ceiling of non-combustible con-
struction and jointless; supports
Any More than 1-hr
and fixings for the ceiling non-
combustible
Note :
References to classes in the above table are to classes as specified in Cl.3.13.
Where the space above a suspended ceiling is protected by an automatic sprinkler system it shall be exempted from the requirements for non-combustibility and
surface spread of flame classification as specified in the above table provided the ceiling is not situated over an exit passageway, protected lobby or other required
protected means of escape.
TABLE 3.4A : SPECIFIC PROVISIONS OF TEST FOR FIRE RESISTANCE OF ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURE ETC.
Minimum Provisions when Tested to BS
476: Part 20-23 (mins) Method of
Part of Building
Exposure
Stability Integrity Insulation
No No exposed
1. Structural frame, beam or column *
requirement requirement faces
2. Load-bearing wall,Load-bearing wall which is not also an external wall, separating wall, No No each side
*
compartment wall or protecting structure (See 4, 5, 6 or 7) requirement requirement separately
3. Floors
from
(a) floor in upper storey of a 2-storey dwelling house (but not over a garage) 30 15 15 underside
(Note 1)
from
(b) any other floor (including a compartment floor) * * * underside
(Note 1)
4. External walls
each side
(a) any part less than 1m from point on relevant boundary * * *
separately
from
* * 15
(b) any part of the wall of a building used for Assembly purposes which is 1m or more from the inside
relevant boundary and is described in Note 2 * (max. from
* (max. 60) * (max. 60)
60) outside
from
(c) any part 1m or more from the relevant boundary and is not a part de- scribed in (b) above * * 15
inside
* * * each side
5. Separating wall
(min. 60) (min. 60) (min. 60) separately
each side
6. Compartment wall * * *
separately
each side
7. Protecting structure (any part) * * *
separately
from
8. Wall separating an attached or integral garage from a dwelling house * * * garage
side
9. Doors
each side
separately
No +
No
a. in a separating wall (min. 60) when
provision provision***
fitted in its
frame
No No each side
b. in a compartment wall, if it separates a flat or maisonette from a space in common use 30
provision provision*** separately
No No each side
c. in a compartment wall or compartment floor not described in (b) above +

provision provision*** separately

d. in a protecting structure situated wholly or partly above the level of the adjoining ground in a No No each side
30
building used for flats, other residential, assembly or office purposes provision provision*** separately
No ** No each side
e. in a protecting structure not described in (d) above
provision (min. 30) provision*** separately
each side
separately
f. any other door (including a door in a cavity barrier and a door between a dwelling house and No No
30 when
garage) provision provision***
fitted in its
frame
from
10. Casing around a drainage system 30 30 30++
outside
11. Cavity barriers
each side
a. cavity barrier 1m x 1m or larger 30 30 15
separately
No each side
b. any other cavity barrier 30 30
provision separately
from
c. ceiling 30 30 30
underside
Modifications
++
= No provision for insulation if the casing is more than 50mm from any pipe in the enclosure (except a pipe passing through the casing)
Notes
* = Period of fire resistance as specified
+
= Period of fire resistance for the wall or floor in which the door is situated
** = Half the period of fire resistance for the wall or floor in which the door is situated
*** = This exemption does not apply to fire-rated glass door. A suspended ceiling should only be relied on to contribute to the fire resistance of the floor if the ceiling
meets the appropriate provisions given in Table 3.3B.

Any part of the wall which is 7.5m or less above the ground, or above a roof or any other part of the building to which people have access, if the building has 2 or
more storeys.
TABLE 3.9A : MAXIMUM NOMINAL DIAMETER OF PIPES

Pipe material and maximum nominal diameter (mm)

Situation Non-combustible
Lead, aluminium or aluminium alloy, or UPVC (2) Any other material
material (1)
When the pipes (include pipe
supports) penetrate the
structure enclosing a protected 150 100
40
shaft which is not an exit
stairway or lift shaft
100 (stack pipe) (3),(4),(5)
Any other situation 150 40
75 (branch pipe) (3),(4),(5)
Note:
(1) = A non-combustible material (such as for cast iron or steel pipes and the pipe supports with melting point of at least 1200°C) which if exposed to a temperature
of 750°C will not soften nor fracture to the extent that flame or gases will pass through the wall of the pipe.
(2) = UPVC pipes complying with BS 4514 or EN 1329-1.
(3) = Within toilets, wash rooms or external corridors, maximum diameter of UPVC pipes can be increased to double the size given in the above table.
(4) = Within areas of fire risk, such as kitchens, and adjacent to escape routes, UPVC pipes shall be enclosed by construction having fire resistance rating of at
least ½ hr.
(5) = Where the size of UPVC pipes exceeds that specified under this clause, approved fire collar shall be fitted at all positions where such pipes pass through
constructions required to act as a barrier to fire spread.
TABLE 3.11A : MAXIMUM DIMENSIONS OF CAVITIES
Purpose Group of building or Max. dimension in any
Location of cavity *Class of surface exposed in cavity
compartment direction
I & II any no limit
Between roof and ceiling
others any 20m
any Class 0 20m+
Any other cavity
any any 8m+
Note:
* = excluding surface of any pipe, cable, conduit or insulation of any pipe
+
= shall not apply to raised floor under Cl.3.11.8
TABLE 3.13A : MINIMUM FLAME-SPREAD CLASSIFICATION OF FINISHES TO WALL, COLUMN, BEAM AND CEILING

Non-sprinkler-protected Building Sprinkler-protected Building

Smoke- Exit stair- case Room, Exit stair-

Room, Smoke- free
Building Type free /fire & exit compartmen case & exit
compartment Circulation Circulation /fire lift lobby
lift lobby passageway t passageway
space space

BS(2 EN(2) BS(2) EN(2) BS EN BS(2) EN(2) BS(2) EN( BS( EN(2) BS(2) EN(2) BS EN(2)
) (2) (2) 2) 2) (2)

PG I - Small N N N N N
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 C 0 B
residential A A A A A

PG II - Other N N N
NA 0 B 0 B NC A2 NA NA 2 C 0 B
residential A A A

PG III - Institutional 1 C 0 B 0 B NC A2 3 D 3 D(1) 2 C 0 B

(1)

N N
PG IV - Office 1 C 0 B 0 B NC A2 NA NA 2 C 0 B
A A

N N
PG V - Shop 1 C 0 B 0 B NC A2 NA NA 2 C 0 B
A A
 N N
PG VI - Factory 1 C 0 B 0 B NC A2 NA NA 2 C 0 B
A A

PG VII - Place of N N
1 C 0 B 0 B NC A2 NA NA 2 C 0 B
public resort A A

N N
PG VIII - Storage 1 C 0 B 0 B NC A2 NA NA 2 C 0 B
A A

Note:

NC = Non-combustible to comply with BS 476 Pt 4

NA = Not Applicable

(1) = Applies to detention facilities and healthcare, including hospital, old-aged homes, nursing homes for mentally or physically disabled patients

(2) = BS/EN refers to the following test standards. Meeting an EN standard implies that the corresponding BS standard is complied with but not vice-versa.

EN 13501-1 B

Classification Test Standards Classification

Class A1 EN ISO 1182 + EN ISO 1716 Non-combustibility (NC)

Class A2 [EN ISO 1182 or EN ISO 1716] + EN 13823 Limited combustibility (LC)

Class B EN 13823 + EN ISO 11925-2 Class 0

Class C EN 13823 + EN ISO 11925-2 Class 1

Class C EN 13823 + EN ISO 11925-2 Class 2

Class D EN 13823 + EN ISO 11925-2 Class 3

Class F EN ISO 11925-2 Class 4

TABLE 3.13B : MINIMUM FLAME-SPREAD CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIAL CONSTRUCTION (HOMOGENOUS)*

Non-sprinkler-protected Building Sprinkler-protected Building

Internal Non-load-bearing Wall and Internal Non-load-bearing Wall and

Ceiling Ceiling
Roof(5) Covering,
Building Type including Roof(5) Covering,
Supports Within including
Within Room, Within Circulation Within Room,
Circulation Supports
Compartment Spaces(6) Compartment
Spaces(6)

BS(7) EN(7) BS(7) EN(7) BS(7) EN(7) BS(7) EN(7) BS(7) EN(7) BS(7) EN(
7)

N
PG I - Small residential NA NA NA NA NA(2) NA(2) NA NA NA NA NA
A

N
PG II - Other residential NA NA LC(3) A2 NA(2) NA(2) NA NA 1 C NA
A

C(
PG III - Institutional 0 B LC(3) A2 1 C(4) 1 C(1) 0 B(1) 2 1)(4
)

PG IV - Office 0 B LC(3) A2 1 C(4) 2 C 1 C 2 C(

4)

PG V - Shop 0 B LC(3) A2 1 C(4) 2 C 1 C 2 C(

4)
PG VI - Factory 0 B LC(3) A2 1 C(4) 2 C 1 C 2 C(
4)

PG VII - Place of public resort 0 B LC(3) A2 1 C(4) 2 C 1 C 2 C(

4)

PG VIII - Storage 0 B LC(3) A2 1 C(4) 2 C 1 C 2 C(

4)

Note:

(1) = Applies to detention facilities and healthcare, including hospital, nursing homes for handicapped, disabled, aged or persons with mental and/or

mobility impairment.

(2) = Roof support can be of timber construction. Any use of plastic material for roof shall comply with the requirements in Cl.3.15.19c.(8)

(3) = Limited combustibility tested under BS 476 Part 11 or non-combustibility tested under BS 476 Part 4

(4) = Composite panel complying with ASTM E108 Class A is also acceptable

(5) = Applicable to composite panel roofing only. Refer to Cl.3.14.1 for other roofing materials

(6) = Including common corridor, passageway etc.

(7) = BS/EN refers to the test standards shown in the Note to Table 3.13A. Meeting an EN standard implies that the corresponding BS standard is com- plied with
but not vice-versa.

NA = Not Applicable

LC = Limited combustibility

* = When composite panels are used for the construction, the minimum flame-spread classification shall be applicable to the core material of the panels
FIRE TESTS AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS CONTAINING PLASTIC

TABLE 3.15A : PLASTIC FLOOR MATERIAL/FINISHES

Test Category Fire Risk Applicable Fire Test Standards Acceptance Criteria

BS EN 45545-2 CIT < 0.75

Toxicity
A
emission
EN ISO 5659-2 CIT < 0.75

EN 13501-1

EN 14041 Smoke classification : s1 rating.

EN ISO 9239-1

Smoke ASTM E662

B
density
Smoke density, Ds,max < 450
NFPA 258

EN ISO 5659-2 Smoke density, Ds,max < 150

EN 13501-1
1. Sprinkler-protected premises
(a) Sleeping occupancy : Class Cfl or better
(b) Non-sleeping occupancy : Class Dfl or better
C Flame spread
2. Non-sprinkler-protected premises
(a) Sleeping occupancy : Class Bfl or better
(b) Non-sleeping occupancy : Class Cfl or better
EN 14041
 EN ISO 9239-1

ASTM E648
Critical Radiant Flux (CRF) > 0.45 W/cm2
NFPA 253

FIRE TESTS AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS CONTAINING PLASTIC

TABLE 3.15B : PLASTIC WALL/CEILING MATERIAL/FINISHES

Test Category Fire Risk Applicable Fire Test Standards Acceptance Criteria
BS EN 45545-2 CIT < 0.75
D Toxicity emission
EN ISO 5659-2 CIT < 0.75
1. Smoke classification to be of s1 rating
EN 13501-1
E Smoke density 2. Flaming droplet classification to be d0 rating
EN ISO 5659-2 VOF4 < 300 min
EN 13501-1 1. Internal wall finishes : to comply with Cl 3.13

F Flame spread BS 476 2. External wall finishes : to comply with Cl 3.5

NFPA 285 To pass criteria in NFPA 285
Note:
Test categories D and E are not required for external wall finishes
TABLE 3.15C : PLASTIC ROOF COVERING MATERIAL
Test Category Fire Risk Applicable Fire Test Standards Acceptance Criteria
Toxicity
G Not critical. Generally exposed to external.
emission
1. Generally not critical if exposed to external.
Smoke
H EN 13501-1 2. If exposed as ceiling on the underside, then must
density
meet requirements for ceiling (achieve s1-d0 rating).
EN 13501-5 Class BROOF
BS 476-3 Class AA/AB/AC
J Flame spread
BS 476-6/7 Class 1
ASTM E108 Class A
CONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF PLASTIC FLOOR FINISHES (UNCOVERED)

Diagram 3.15.19c.(1) : Plastic floor finishes overlaid on structural floor

TABLE 3.15D : UNCOVERED PLASTIC FLOOR FINISHES

S/N Material Construction Assessment Remarks
1 Non-combustible material Allowed No further fire test is required.
1. No further fire test is required.
2 Material thickness not exceeding 10mm Allowed 2. For sprinkler-protected premises, material not exceeding 20mm can be
exempted from the tests in Table 3.15A.
3 Use in open-to-sky conditions Allowed No further fire test is required.
4 Use in exit staircase/exit passageways Not allowed Key escape routes shall be protected.
5 Material thickness exceeding 10mm Allowed with conditions Allowed if pass test categories A, B and C in Table 3.15A
CONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF PLASTIC MATERIAL CAST INTO (EMBEDDED WITHIN) STRUCTURAL
FLOOR SYSTEM
 Diagram 3.15.19c.(2) : Plastic material embedded within masonry floor

TABLE 3.15E : PLASTICS EMBEDDED WITHIN MASONRY FLOOR

S/N Material construction Assessment Remarks
1 Non-combustible material Allowed No further fire test is required.
1. No further fire test is required.
2 Material thickness not exceeding 10mm Allowed 2. For sprinkler-protected premises, material not exceeding 20mm
can be exempted from the tests in Table 3.15A.
3 Use in open-to-sky conditions Allowed No further fire test is required.
4 Use in exit staircase/exit passageways Not allowed Key escape routes shall be protected.
1. If masonry cover is less than 25mm thick, the material shall pass
test categories A, B and C in Table 3.15A.
Allowed with 2. If masonry cover is at least 25mm thick all around the embedded
5 Material thickness exceeding 10mm
conditions plastic, tests in Table 3.15A are exempted.
3. The locations where embedded plastics are installed shall be
clearly indicated on the plans.
CONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF PLASTIC FLOOR FINISHES (COVERED)

Diagram 3.15.19c.(3) : Plastic floor finishes laid on structural floor, and covered by a non -combustible overlay

TABLE 3.15F : COVERED PLASTIC FLOOR FINISHES

S/N Material Construction Assessment Remarks
1 Non-combustible material. Allowed No further fire test is required.
1. No further fire test is required.
2 Material thickness not exceeding 10mm Allowed 2. For sprinkler-protected premises, material not exceeding 20mm can be
exempted from the tests in Table 3.15A.
3 Use in open-to-sky conditions. Allowed No further fire test is required.
4 Use in exit staircase / exit passageways Not allowed Key escape routes shall be protected.
1. Allowed if pass test categories A, B and C in Table 3.15A.
5 Material thickness exceeding 10mm Allowed with conditions 2. If the overlay is non-combustible and at least 25mm thick, test category
C in Table 3.15A is exempted
CONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF PLASTIC WALL FINISHES OR CEILING FINISHES
 Diagram 3.15.19c.(4) : Plastic wall or ceiling material/finishes installed internally/externally

TABLE 3.15G : PLASTIC WALL OR CEILING MATERIAL/FINISHES

S/N Material Construction Assessment Remarks
1 Non-combustible material Allowed No further fire test required.
2 Material thickness not exceeding 1mm Allowed No further fire test required.
3 Use in exit staircase/exit passageways Not allowed Key escape routes shall be protected.
Allowed if pass test categories D, E and F in Table 3.15B,
4 Material thickness exceeding 1mm Allowed with conditions
unless specifically exempted for external building applications.

CONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF COMPOSITE PANEL WITH PLASTIC USED AS WALL FINISHES OR
CEILING FINISHES

Diagram 3.15.19c.(5) : Composite panel with plastic used as wall or ceiling material/finishes installed
internally/externally

TABLE 3.15H : COMPOSITE PANEL WITH PLASTIC USED AS WALL OR CEILING MATERIAL/FINISHES
S/N Material Construction Assessment Remarks
1 Non-combustible plastic material Allowed No further fire test required.
Plastic material thick- ness not exceeding
2 Allowed No further fire test required.
1mm
3 Use in exit staircase/ exit passageways Not allowed Key escape routes shall be protected.
Plastic material thickness exceeding Allowed if pass test categories D, E and F in Table 3.15B, unless
4 Allowed with conditions
1mm specifically exempted for external building applications.

CONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF PLASTIC MATERIAL EMBEDDED IN MASONRY WALL/CEILING

 Diagram 3.15.19c.(6) : Plastic material embedded within wall/ceiling

TABLE 3.15I : PLASTIC MATERIAL EMBEDDED IN MASONRY WALL/CEILING

S/N Material Construction Assessment Remarks
1 Non-combustible material Allowed No further fire test required.
2 Material thickness not exceeding 1mm Allowed No further fire test required.
3 Use in exit staircase/exit passageways Not allowed Key escape routes shall be protected.
1. If masonry cover is less than 25mm thick, the material
shall pass test categories D, E and F in Table 3.15B.
2. If masonry cover is at least 25mm thick all around the
4 Material thickness exceeding 1mm Allowed with conditions
embedded plastic, tests in Table 3.15B are exempted.
3. The locations where embedded plastics are installed
shall be clearly indicated on the plans.
CONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF PLASTIC ROOF COVERING

TABLE 3.15J : PLASTIC ROOF COVERING

S/N Material Construction Assessment Remarks
1 Non-combustible material Allowed No further fire test required.
Material thickness not exceeding
2 Allowed No further fire test required.
1mm
Use in exit staircase/ exit
3 Not allowed Key escape routes shall be protected.
passageways
1. Allowed if pass test category J in Table 3.15C, as well as test
category H in Table 3.15C if exposed on underside.
4 Material thickness exceeding 1mm Allowed with conditions
2. Exempted from test categories H and if the requirements specified
for skylights in Cl.3.13.5b..

CONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF COMPOSITE PANEL CONTAINING PLASTIC AS ROOF COVERING

TABLE 3.15K : COMPOSITE PANEL WITH PLASTIC USED AS ROOF COVERING

S/N Material Construction Assessment Remarks
1 Non-combustible plastic material Allowed No further fire test required.
Plastic material thickness not
2 Allowed No further fire test required.
exceeding 1mm
Use in exit staircase/ exit
3 Not allowed Key escape routes shall be protected.
passageways
1. Allowed if pass test category J in Table 3.15C , as well as test
Plastic material thickness exceeding category H in Table 3.15C if exposed on underside.
4 Allowed with conditions
1mm 2. Exempted from test categories H and J if the requirements
specified for skylights in Cl.3.13.5b..

ANNEX 3A - NOTIONAL PERIODS OF FIRE RESISTANCE

A1.0 General

In this Annex:

a. “Class 1 aggregate” means foamed slag, pumice, blast furnace slag, pelleted fly ash, crushed brick and
burnt clay products (including expanded clay) well -burnt clinker and crushed limestone.
 b. “Class 2 aggregate” means flint gravel, granite, and all crushed natural stones other than limestones.

c. Any reference to plaster means:

(1) in the case of an external wall 1m or more from the relevant boundary, plaster applied on the
internal face only;

(2) in the case of any other wall, plaster applied on both faces;

(3) if to plaster of a given thickness on the external face of a wall, except in the case of a reference
to vermiculite-gypsum plaster, rendering on the external face of the same thickness; and

(4) if to vermiculite -gypsum plaster, vermiculite -gypsum plaster of a mix within the range of 1½ to 2:1
by volume.

d. In the case of a cavity wall, the load is assumed to be on inner leaf only except for fire resistance
period of 4-hrs.

e. Any material or type of construction and its method of preparation or application as referred to in the
table, shall conform with the relevant provisions of the Building Control Act (Chapter 29) and the relevant
Singapore Standard or Singapore Standard Code of Practice. In the absence of the aforementioned
Standard or Code of Practice, the relevant British equivalent or other accepted standard or codes of
practice shall be applicable.

A2.0 : WALLS
Minimum thickness excluding plaster (in mm) for period of fire resistance of
Construction and
Load-bearing Non-load-bearing
Materials
4 hrs 3 hrs 2 hrs 1½ hrs 1 hr ½ hr 4 hrs 3 hrs 2 hrs 1½ hrs 1 hr ½ hr
A2.1 -- Mansonry Construction
1. Reinforced
concrete, minimum
concrete cover to main
reinforcement of
25mm:
(a) Unplastered
(to comply with
- - - - - - - - - - - -
SS EN 1992–1–
2)
(b) 12.5mm
cement-sand 180 - 100 100 75 75 - - - - - -
plaster
(c) 12.5mm
gypsum-sand 180 - 100 100 75 75 - - - - - -
plaster
(d) 12.5mm
vermiculite- 125 - 75 75 63 63 - - - - - -
gypsum plaster
2. No-fines concrete of
Class 2 aggregate:
(a) 13mm
cement-sand - - - - - - 150 150 150 150 150 150
plaster
(b) 13mm
gypsum-sand - - - - - - 150 150 150 150 150 150
plaster
(c) 13mm
vermiculite- - - - - - - 150 150 150 150 150 150
gypsum plaster
3. Bricks of clay,
concrete or sand-lime:
(a) Unplastered 200 200 100 100 100 100 170 170 100 100 75 75
(b) 13mm
cement-sand 200 200 100 100 100 100 170 170 100 100 75 75
plaster
(c) 13mm
gypsum-sand 200 200 100 100 100 100 170 170 100 100 75 75
plaster
(d) 13mm
vermiculite-
gypsum or 100 - 100 100 100 100 100 - 100 100 75 75
perlite-gypsum*
plaster
4. Concrete blocks of
Class 1 aggregate:
 (a) Unplastered 150 - 100 100 100 100 150 - 75 75 75 50
(b) 12.5mm
cement-sand 150 - 100 100 100 100 150 - 75 75 75 50
plaster
(c) 12.5mm
gypsum-sand 150 - 100 100 100 100 150 - 75 75 75 50
plaster
(d) 12.5mm
vermiculite- 100 - 100 100 100 100 75 - 75 62 50 50
gypsum plaster
5. Concrete blocks of
Class 2 aggregate:
(a) Unplastered - - 100 100 100 100 150 - 100 100 75 50
(b) 12.5mm
cement-sand - - 100 100 100 100 150 - 100 100 75 50
plaster
(c) 12.5mm
gypsum-sand - - 100 100 100 100 150 - 100 100 75 50
plaster
(d) 12.5mm
vermiculite- 100 - 100 100 100 100 100 - 75 75 75 50
gypsum plaster
6. Autoclaved aerated
concrete blocks,
180 140 100 100 100 100 100 - 62 62 50 50
density 475 - 1200
kg/m3
7. Hollow concrete
blocks, one cell in wall
thickness, of Class 1
aggregate:
(a) Unplastered - - 100 100 100 100 150 - 100 100 100 75
(b) 12.5mm
cement-sand - - 100 100 100 100 150 - 100 75 75 75
plaster
(c) 12.5mm
gypsum-sand - - 100 100 100 100 150 - 100 75 75 75
plaster
(d) 12.5mm
vermiculite- - - 100 100 100 100 150 - 75 75 62 62
gypsum plaster
8. Hollow concrete
blocks, one cell in wall
thickness, of Class 2
aggregate:
(a) Unplastered - - - - - - 150 - 150 125 125 125
(b) 12.5mm
cement-sand - - - - - - 150 - 150 125 125 100
plaster
(c) 12.5mm
gypsum-sand - - - - - - 150 - 150 125 125 100
plaster
(d) 12.5mm
gypsum-sand - - - - - - 125 - 100 100 100 75
plaster
9. Cellular clay blocks
not less than 50%
solid
(a) 12.5mm
cement-sand - - - - - - - - - - 100 75
plaster
(b) 12.5mm
gypsum-sand - - - - - - - - - - 100 75
plaster
(c) 12.5mm
vermiculite- - - - - - - 200 - 100 100 100 62
gypsum plaster
10. Cavity wall with
outer leaf of bricks or
blocks of clay,
composition, concrete
or sand-lime, not less
than 100mm thick and;
(a) inner leaf of
bricks or blocks
of clay,
100 100 100 100 100 100 75 - 75 75 75 75
composition,
concrete or sand
lime
(b) inner leaf of
solid or hollow 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 - 75 75 75 75
concrete bricks or
 blocks of Class 1
aggregate
11. Cavity wall with
outer leaf of cellular
clay blocks as 9 above
and inner leaf of
150 140 100 100 100 100 75 75 75 75 75 75
autoclaved aerated
concrete blocks,
density 480-1200
kg/m3
* = Perlite-gypsum plaster to clay bricks only
A2.0 : WALLS

Period of Fire
Construction and Materials Resistance

hrs
A2.2 - Framed and Composite Construction (non-load-bearing)
1. Steel frame with external cladding of 16mm rendering on metal lathing and internal lining of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks, density 480-
1120 kg/m3 of thickness of –
(a) 50mm 2
(b) 62mm 3
(c) 75mm 4
2. Steel frame with external cladding of 100mm concrete blocks and internal lining of 16mm gypsum plaster on metal lathing 4
3. Steel frame with external cladding of 16mm rendering on metal lathing and internal lining of 16mm gypsum plaster on metal lathing 1
4. Steel or timber frame with facings on each side of -
(a) metal lathing with cement-sand or gypsum plaster of thickness of-
(1) 19mm 1
(2) 12.5mm ½
(b) metal lathing with vermiculite-gypsum or perlite-gypsum plaster of thickness of-
(1) 25mm 2
(2) 19mm 1½
(3) 12.5mm 1
(c) 9.5mm plasterboard with gypsum plaster of thickness of 5mm ½
(d) 9.5mm plasterboard with vermiculite-gypsum of thickness of-
(1) 25mm 2
(2) 16mm 1½
(3) 10mm 1
(4) 5mm ½
(e) 12.5mm plasterboard
(1) unplastered ½
(2) with gypsum plaster of thickness of 12.5mm 1
(f) 12.5mm plasterboard with vermiculite-gypsum plaster of thickness of-
(1) 25mm 2
(2) 16mm 1½
(3) 10mm 1
(g) 19mm plasterboard (or two layers of 9.5mm fixed to break joint) without finish 1
(h) 19mm plasterboard for two layers of 9.5mm with vermiculite-gypsum plaster of thickness of-
(1) 16mm 2
(2) 10mm 1½
(i) 12.5mm fibre insulating board with gypsum plaster of thickness of 12.5mm ½
(j) 25mm wood wool slabs with gypsum plaster of thickness of 12.5mm 1
5. Compressed straw slabs in timber frames finished on both faces with gypsum plaster of thickness of 5mm 1
6. Plasterboard 9.5mm cellular core partition-
(a) unplastered ½
(b) 12.5mm gypsum plaster ½
(c) 22mm vermiculite-gypsum plaster 2

7. Plasterboard 12.5mm cellular core partition-

(a) unplastered ½
(b) 12.5mm gypsum plaster 1
(c) 16mm vermiculite-gypsum plaster 2
8. Plasterboard 19mm finished on both faces with 16mm gypsum plaster 1
9. Plasterboard 12.5mm bonded with neat gypsum plaster to each side of 19mm plasterboard 1
10. Three layers of 19mm plasterboard bonded with heat gypsum plaster 2
11. Wood wool slab with 12.5mm rendering or plaster of thickness of-
(a) 75mm 2
(b) 50mm 1
12. Compressed straw slabs, with 75mm by 12.5mm wood cover strips to joints, of thickness of 50mm ½

Note :

* = The presence of a combustible vapour barrier within the thickness of these constructions shall not be regarded as affecting these periods of fire resistance
A2.0 : WALLS

Period of Fire
Construction and Materials Resistance

hrs
A2.3 - External walls (non-loadbearing) more than 1m from the relevant boundary
1. Steel frame with external cladding of non-combustible sheets and internal lining of-
(a) 12.5mm cement-sand or gypsum plaster on metal lathing 4
(b) two layers of 9.5mm plasterboard ½
(c) 9.5mm plasterboard finished with gypsum plaster of thickness of 12.5mm ½
(d) 12.5mm plasterboard finished with 5mm gypsum plaster ½
(e) 50mm compressed straw slabs ½
(f) 50mm compressed straw slabs finished with 5mm gypsum plaster 2
2 *Timber frame with external cladding of 10mm cement-sand or cement-lime rendering and internal lining of-
(a) 16mm gypsum plaster on metal lathing 1
(b) 9.5mm plasterboard finished with12.5 mm gypsum plaster 1
(c) 12.5mm plasterboard finished with 5mm gypsum plaster 1
(d) 50mm compressed straw slabs 1
(e) aerated concrete blocks 1
(1) 50mm 3
(2) 62mm 4
(3) 75mm 4
(4) 100mm 4
3 Timber frame with external cladding of 100mm clay, concrete or sand-lime bricks of blocks, finished internally with 16mm gypsum
4
plaster on metal lathing
4. *Timber frame with external cladding of weather boarding or 9.5 mm plywood and internal lining of-
(a) 16mm gypsum plaster on metal lathing ½
(b) 9.5mm plasterboard finished with 12.5mm gypsum plaster ½
(c) 12.5mm plasterboard finished with 5mm gypsum plaster ½
(d) 50mm compressed straw slabs ½
(e) aerated concrete blocks-
(1) 50mm 3
(2) 62mm 4
(3) 75mm 4
(4) 100mm 4

Note :

* = The presence of a combustible vapour barrier within the thickness of these constructions shall not be regarded as affecting these periods of fire resistance
A3.0 : REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS
Minimum Dimension (in mm) of Concrete to give a Fire Resistance of:-
Description
4 hrs 3 hrs 2 hrs 1 ½ hrs 1 hr ½ hr
1 Siliceous aggregate concrete:
(a) average concrete cover to main reinforcement 65* 55* 45* 35 25 15
(b) beam width 280 240 180 140 110 80
2. As (1) with cement or gypsum plaster 15mm thick on light mesh reinforcement
(a) average concrete cover to main reinforcement 50* 40 30 20 15 15
(b) beam width 250 210 170 110 85 70
3. As (1) with vermiculite/gypsum plaster+ 15mm thick:
(a) average concrete cover to main reinforcement 25 15 15 15 15 15
(b) beam width 175 145 125 85 60 60
4. Light weight aggregate concrete:
(a) average concrete cover to main reinforcement 50 45 35 30 20 15
(b) beam width 250 200 160 130 100 80

Note:

* = Supplementary reinforcement, to hold the concrete cover in position, may be necessary.

+
= Vermiculite/gypsum plaster should have a mix ratio in the range of 1 ½ - 2 : 1 by volume.
A4.0 : PREstressED CONCRETE BEAMS
 Minimum Dimension (in mm) of Concrete to give a Fire Resistance of:-
Description
4 hrs 3 hrs 2 hrs 1 ½ hrs 1 hr ½ hr
1 Siliceous aggregate concrete:
(a) average concrete cover to tendons 100* 85* 65* 50* 40 25
(b) beam width 280 240 180 140 110 80
2. As (1) with vermiculite concrete slabs 15mm thick , used as permanent shuttering :
(a) average concrete cover to tendons 75* 60 45 35 25 15
(b) beam width 210 170 125 100 70 70
3. As (2) but with 25mm thick slabs:
(a) average concrete cover to tendons 65 50 35 25 15 15
(b) beam width 180 140 100 70 60 60
4. As (1) with 15mm thick gypsum plaster with light mesh reinforcement:
(a) average concrete cover to tendons 90* 75 50 40 30 15
(b) beam width 250 210 170 110 85 70
5. As (1) with vermiculite/gypsum plaster+ 15m thick:
(a) average concrete cover to tendons 75* 60 45 30 25 15
(b) beam width 170 145 125 85 60 60
6. As (5) but with 25mm thick coating:
(a) average concrete cover to tendons 50 45 30 25 15 15
(b) beam width 140 125 85 70 60 60
7. Lightweight aggregate concrete:
(a) average concrete cover to tendons 80 65 50 40 30 20
(b) beam width 250 200 160 130 100 80

Note:

* = Supplementary reinforcement, to hold the concrete cover in position, may be necessary.

+
= Vermiculite/gypsum plaster should have a mix ratio in the range of 1 ½ - 2 : 1 by volume.

A5.0 : REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS

Minimum Dimension (in mm) of Concrete to give a Fire Resistance of:-
Description
4 hrs 3 hrs 2 hrs 1½ hrs 1 hr ½ hr
A5.1 - All Face Exposed
1. Siliceous aggregate concrete:
(a) without additional protection 450 400 300 250 200 150
(b) with cement or gypsum plaster 15mm thick on light mesh reinforcement 300 275 225 150 150 150
(c) with vermiculite / gypsum plaster* 275 225 200 150 120 120
2. Limestone aggregate concrete or siliceous aggregate:
(a) concrete with supplementary reinforcement in concrete cover 300 275 225 200 190 150
3. Lightweight aggregate concrete 300 275 225 200 150 150
A5.2 - One Face Exposed
1. Siliceous aggregate concrete
(a) without additional protection 180 150 100 100 75 75
(b) with vermiculite/ gypsum plaster* 15mm thick on exposed faces 125 100 75 75 65 65

Note:

+
= Vermiculite/gypsum plaster should have a mix ratio in the range of 1 ½ - 2 : 1 by volume.

A6.0 : STRUCTURAL STEEL

A6.1 - Encased Steel Stanchions (Mass per metre not less than 45kg)
Minimum Thickness (in mm) of Protection for a Fire Resistance of :
Description 3
4 hrs 2 hrs 1 ½hrs 1 hr ½hr
hrs
A. Solid Protection* (unplastered)
1. Concrete not leaner than 1:2:4 mix with natural aggregates-
(a) concrete not assumed to be load- bearing reinforced+ 50 - 25 25 25 25
(b) concrete assumed to be load-bearing, reinforced in accordance
75 - 50 50 50 50
with SS EN 1992 and SS EN 1994
2. Solid bricks of clay, composition or sand-lime 100 75 50 50 50 50
3. Solid blocks of foamed slag or pumice concrete reinforced+ in every
75 60 50 50 50 50
horizontal joint
4. Sprayed vermiculite-cement - - 38 32 19 12.5
B. Hollow Protection++
1. Solid bricks of clay, composition or sand-lime reinforced in every
115 - 50 50 50 50
horizontal joint, unplastered
2. Solid blocks of foamed slag or pumice concrete reinforced+ in every
75 - 50 50 50 50
horizontal joint, unplastered
3. Metal lathing with gypsum or cement- lime plaster of thickness of - - - 38 §
25 19 12.5
4. Metal lathing :-
(a) with vermiculite-gypsum or perlite-gypsum plaster of thickness
50§ - 19 16 12.5 12.5
of
(b) spaced 25mm from flanges with vermiculite-gypsum or perlite-
44 - 19 12.5 12.5 12.5
gypsum plaster of thickness of
5. Gypsum plasterboard with 1.6mm wire binding at 100mm pitch -
(a) 9.5mm Plasterboard with gypsumplaster of thickness of - - - - 12.5 12.5
(b) 19mm Plasterboard with gypsum plaster of thickness of - - 12.5 10 7 7
6. Gypsum plasterboard with 1.6mm wire binding at 100mm pitch-
(a) 9.5mm plasterboard with vermiculite-gypsum plaster of
- - 16 15 10 10
thickness of
(b) 19mm plasterboard with vermiculite-gypsum plaster of thickness
38§ - 20 13 10 10
of
7. Vermiculite-cement slabs of 4:1 mix reinforced with wire mesh and
63 - 25 25 25 25
finished with plaster skim. Slabs of thickness of

Note:

* = Solid protection means a casing which is bedded close to the steel without intervening cavities and with all joints in that casing made full and solid.

+
= Reinforcement shall consist of steel binding wire not less than 2.3mm in thickness, or a steel mesh weighing not less than 0.48 kg/m2. In concrete protection, the
spacing of that reinforcement shall not exceed 150mm in any direction

++
= Hollow protection means that there is a void between the protective material and the steel. All hollow protection to columns shall be effectively sealed at each
floor level.

§
= Light mesh reinforcement required 12.5mm to 19mm below surface unless special corner beads are used.
A6.2 - Encased Steel Beams (Mass per metre not less than 30kg)
Minimum Thickness (in mm) of Protection for a Fire Resistance of :
Description 4 1½
3 hrs 2 hrs 1 hr ½ hr
hrs hrs
A. Solid Protection+ (unplastered)
1. Concrete not leaner than 1:2:4 mix with natural aggregates-
(a) concrete not assumed to be load- bearing , reinforced++ 75 50 25 25 25 25
(b) concrete assumed to be load-bearing, reinforced in accordance with
75 75 50 50 50 50
SS EN 1992 and SS EN 1994
2. Sprayed vermiculite - cement - - 38 32 19 12.5
B. Hollow Protection++
1. Metal lathing -
(a) with cement-lime plaster of thickness of - - 38 25 19 12.5
(b) with gypsum plaster of thickness of - - 22 19 16 12.5
(c) with vermiculite-gypsum or perlite-gypsum plaster of thickness of 32 - 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5
2. Gypsum plasterboard with 1.6mm wire binding at 100mm pitch-
(a) 9.5mm plasterboard with gypsum plaster of thickness of - - - - 12.5 12.5
(b) 19 mm plasterboard with gypsum plaster of thickness of - - 12.5 10 7 7
3. Plasterboard with 1.6mm wire at 100m pitch -
(a) 9.5mm plaster nailed to wooden cradles finished with gypsum
- - - - - 12.5
plaster of thickness of
(b) 9.5mm plasterboard with vermiculite -gypsum plaster of thickness of - - 16 15 10 10
(c) 19mm plasterboard with vermiculite-gypsum plaster of thickness of 32 - 10 10 7 7
(d) 19mm plasterboard with gypsum plaster of thickness of - - 20 13 10 10
4. Vermiculite-cement slabs of 4:1 mix reinforced with wire mesh and
63 - 25 25 25 25
finished with plaster skim. Slabs of thickness of
5. Gypsum-sand plaster 12.5mm thick applied to heavy duty (Type B as
- - 50 38 38 38
designated in EN 13168) Wood wool slabs of thickness of

Note:

* = Hollow protection means that there is a void between the protective materials and the steel. All hollow protection to columns shall be effectively sealed at each
floor level.

+
= Solid protection means a casing which is bedded close to the steel without intervening cavities and with all joints in that casing made full and solid.

++
= Reinforcement shall consist of steel binding wire not less than 2.3mm in thickness, or a steel mesh weighing not less than 0.48 kg/m2. In concrete protection, the
spacing of that reinforcement shall not exceed 150mm in any direction.

§
= Light mesh reinforcement required 12.5mm to 19mm below surface unless special corner beads are used.
A7.0 : STRUCTURAL ALUMINIUM
 Minimum Thickness (in mm) of Protection for a Fire
Resistance of :
Description
3 2
4 hrs 1½ hrs 1 hr ½ hr
hrs hrs
A7.1 - Solid Protection*
1. Sprayed vermiculite-cement - - - - 44 19
A7.2 - Hollow Protection+
1. Metal lathing with vermiculite-gypsum or perlite-gypsum plaster of thickness of - - 32 22 16 12.5
2. Metal lathing finished with neat gypsum plaster of thickness of - - - - 19 12.5
3. Gypsum plasterboard 19mm thick with 1.6 mm wire binding at 100mm pitch finished with
- - 22 16 10 10
gypsum-vermiculite plaster of thickness of

Note:

* = Solid protection means a casing which is bedded close to the alloy without intervening cavities and with all joints in that casing made full and solid.

+
= Hollow protection means that there is a void between the protected material and the alloy. All hollow protection to columns shall be effectively sealed at each
floor level
A8.0 : TIMBER FLOORS
Minimum Thickness (in mm) of Protection for a Fire
Resistance of :
Construction and materials
1 hr ½ hr
modified++ ½ hr
1. Plain edge boarding on timber joists not less than 38mm wide with ceiling of -
(a) timber lath and plaster - thickness of plaster - 16 16
(b) timber lath and plaster with plaster of minimum thickness of 16mm covered on
- 12.5 -
underside with plasterboard of thickness
(c) metal lathing and plaster - thickness of plaster
(1) gypsum - 16 -
(2) vermiculite - 12.5 -
(d) one layer of plasterboard of thickness - - 12.5
(e) one layer of plasterboard of minimum thickness of 9.5mm finished with gypsum plaster
- - 12.5
of thickness
(f) one layer of plasterboards of minimum thickness of 12.5mm finished with gypsum
- 12.5 -
plaster of thickness
(g) two layers of plasterboard of total thickness - 25 19
(h) one layer of fibre insulating board of minimum thickness of 9.5mm finished with
- 5 -
gypsum plaster of thickness
(i) one layer of fibre insulating board of minimum thickness of 12.5mm finished with
- - 12.5
gypsum plaster of thickness
(j) wood wool slab 25mm thick finished with gypsum plaster of thickness - 5 -
2. Tongued and grooved boarding of not less than 16mm (finished) thickness* on timber joists not less than 38 mm wide ceiling of -
(a) timber lath and plaster - thickness of plaster - - 16
(b) timber lath and plaster with plaster of minimum thickness of 16mm covered on
- 9.5 -
underside with plasterboard of thickness
(c) metal lathing and plaster - thickness of plaster
(1) gypsum 22 16 -
(2) vermiculite 12.5 12.5 -
(d) one layer of plasterboard of thickness - - 9.5
(e) one layer of plasterboard of minimum thickness of 9.5mm finished with-
(1) gypsum plaster of thickness - 12.5 -
(2) vermiculite-gypsum plaster of thickness 12.5 - -
(f) one layer of plasterboards of minimum thickness of 12.5mm finished with gypsum
- 5 -
plaster of thickness
(g) two layers of plasterboard of total thickness - 22 -
(h) one layer of fibre insulating board of minimum thickness of 9.5mm finished with
- - 5
gypsum plaster of thickness
(i) wood wool slab 25mm thick finished with -
(1) gypsum plaster of thickness - 5 -
(2) vermiculite - gypsum plaster of thickness 10 - -
3. Tongued and grooved boardings of not less than 21mm (finished) thickness* on timber joists not less than
(a) timber lath and plaster - thickness of plaster - 16 -
(b) metal lathing and plaster - thickness of plaster - 16 -
(c) one layer of plasterboard of thickness - - 9.5
(d) one layer of plasterboard of minimum thickness of 9.5mm finished with -
(1) gypsum plaster of thickness - 12.5 -
(2) vermiculite-gypsum plaster of thickness 12.5 - -
(e) one layer of plasterboard of minimum thickness of 12.5mm finished with gypsum
- 5 -
plaster of thickness
(f) two layers of plasterboard of total thickness - 19 -
 (g) one layer of fibre insulating board of thickness - - 12.5
(h) one layer of fibre insulating board of minimum thickness of 12.5mm finished with
- 12.5 -
gypsum plaster of thickness
(i) wood wool slab 25mm thick finished with -
(1) gypsum plaster of thickness - 5 -
(2) vermiculite-gypsum plaster of thickness 10 - -

Note:

* = Or an equivalent thickness of wood chipboard

++
= The term “modified ½ hour” refers to the requirements specified in item 3(a) of Table 3.4A
A9.0 : REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOORS (SILICEOUS OR CALCAREOUS AGGREGATE)
Minimum Dimension (in mm) to give Fire Resistance of
:
Floor Construction
1½
4 hrs 3 hrs 2 hrs 1 hr ½ hr
hrs
Average cover
to 25 25 20 20 15 15
Solid slab reinforcement
Depth, overall+ 150 150 125 125 100 100
Average cover
to 25 25 20 20 15 15
reinforcement
Cored slabs in which the cores are circular or are higher than wide. Not less than
50% of the gross across section of the floor should be solid material Thickness
50 40 40 30 25 20
under cores
Depth, overall+ 190 175 160 140 110 100
Average cover
to 25 25 20 20 15 15
reinforcement
Hollow box section with one or more longitudinal cavities which are wider than
high Thickness of
50 40 40 30 25 20
bottom flange
Depth, overall+ 230 205 180 155 130 105
Average cover
to 25 25 20 20 15 15
Ribbed floor with hollow infill blocks of clay, or inverted T-section beams with
reinforcement
hollow infill blocks of concrete or clay. A floor in which less than 50% of the gross
cross section is solid material must be provided with a 15mm plaster coating on Width or rib, or
125 100 90 80 70 50
soffit beam, at soffit
Depth, overall+ 190 175 160 140 110 100
Average
bottom cover to 65* 55* 45* 35 25 15
reinforcement
Side cover to
65 55 45 35 25 15
reinforcement
Upright T-section
Least width or
down-standing 150 140 115 90 75 60
leg
Thickness of
150 150 125 125 100 90
flange+
Average
bottom cover to 65* 55* 45* 35 25 15
reinforcement
Side cover to
40 30 25 20 15 10
Inverted channel sections with radius at intersection of soffits with top of leg not reinforcement
exceeding depth of section Least width or
down-standing 75 70 60 45 40 30
leg
Thickness at
150 150 125 125 100 90
crown+
Average
bottom cover to 65* 55* 45* 35 25 15
reinforcement
Side cover to
40 30 25 20 15 10
Inverted channel sections or U-sections with radius at intersection of soffits with reinforcement
top of leg exceeding depth of section Least width or
down-standing 70 60 50 40 35 25
leg
Thickness at
150 150 100 100 75 65
crown+

* = Supplementary reinforcement, to hold the concrete cover in position, may be necessary.

+
= Non-combustible screeds and finishes may be included in these dimensions.
A10.0 : PRESTRESSED CONCRETE FLOORS (SILICEOUS OR CALCAREOUS AGGREGATE)
Minimum Dimension (in mm) to give Fire Resistance of
Floor Construction
:
 1½
4 hrs 3 hrs 2 hrs 1 hr ½ hr
hrs
Average cover
65* 50* 40 30 25 15
Solid slab to tendons
Depth, overall +
150 150 125 125 100 90
Average cover
65* 50* 40 30 25 15
to tendonst
Cored slabs in which the cores are circular or are higher than wide. Not less than
Thickness
50% of the gross across section of the floor should be solid material 50 40 40 30 25 20
under cores
Depth, overall +
190 175 160 140 110 100
Average cover
65* 50* 40 30 25 15
to tendons
Hollow box section with one or more longitudinal cavities which are wider than
Thickness of
high 65 50 40 30 25 25
bottom flange
Depth, overall+ 230 205 180 155 130 105
Average cover
65* 50* 40 30 25 15
Ribbed floor with hollow infill blocks of clay, or inverted T-section beams with to tendons
hollow infill blocks of concrete or clay. A floor in which less than 50% of the gross
Width or rib, or
cross section is solid material must be provided with a 15mm plaster coating on 125 100 90 80 70 50
beam, at soffit
soffit
Depth, overall+ 190 175 160 140 110 100
Average
bottom cover to 100* 85* 65* 50* 40 25
tendons
Side cover to
100 85 65 50 40 25
tendons
Upright T-section
Least width or
down-standing 250 200 150 110 90 60
leg
Thickness of
150 150 125 125 100 90
flange+
Average
bottom cover to 100* 85* 65* 50* 40 25
tendons
Side cover to
50 45 35 25 20 10
Inverted channel sections with radius at intersection of soffits with top of leg not tendons
exceeding depth of section Least width or
down-standing 125 100 75 55 45 30
leg
Thickness at
150 150 125 125 100 90
crown+
Average
bottom cover to 100* 85* 65* 50* 40 25
tendons
Side cover to
50 45 35 25 20 15
Inverted channel sections or U-sections with radius at intersection of soffits with tendons
top of leg exceeding depth of section Least width or
down-standing 110 90 70 50 45 30
leg
Thickness at
150 150 125 125 100 90
crown+

* = Supplementary reinforcement, to hold the concrete cover in position, may be necessary.

+
= Non-combustible screeds and finishes may be included in these dimensions.

A11.0 : GLAZING
Minimum Thickness (in
mm) of Glazing for a
Construction and materials Period of :-
1 hr ½ hr
1. Glass, in direct combination with metal, the melting point of which is not lower than 982.2°C, in square not exceeding 0.015m2 in area
Thickness of glass - 6.35
2. Glass reinforced with wire not less than 0.46mm in diameter laid to a square mesh measuring 12.70mm from centre to centre of wire, and electrically welded at
the intersections, or laid to a hexagonal mesh measuring 25.40mm across the flat side
Thickness of glass - 6.35
In windows, doors , borrowed lights, lanterns and skylights, glass complying with paragraphs 1 or 2 of this Table shall be fixed with wood or metal beads or with a
glazing compound in conjunction with sprigs or clips in panels not exceeding 0.372m 2 in area in timber frames (fixed shut) having a minimum width and thickness of
44.45mm clear of rebates
3. Glass reinforced with wire as in paragraph 2 of this Table, in windows, doors, borrowed lights, lanterns and skylights, fixed with metal
beads in panels not exceeding 1.115m2 in metal frames (fixed shut) all metal having a melting point not lower than 982.2oC, the 6.35 6.35
thickness of glass
4. Glass bricks or blocks in walls
Laid in cement / lime / sand mortar with light wire reinforcing mesh in every third horizontal joint in a panel not exceeding 2.438m in
- 98.43
width or height set along the sides and head into recesses in the surrounding non-combustible construction. The depth of such
 recessed shall be not less than 25.40mm, the glass blocks extending into the recesses to a depth of 12.70mm and bedded upon layer
of glass fibre. A non-hardening mastic shall be used to fill the spaces between the sides of the recesses and the faces of the panels

Note:

In this Table the absence of a figure in a period column indicated that glazing described is not acceptable for the period applicable to that column.

ANNEX 3B - LIMITS OF UNPROTECTED OPENINGS

B1.0 CALCULATION OF PERMITTED LIMITS OF UNPROTECTED AREAS

B1.1 The permitted limit of unprotected areas in any side of a building or compartment shall be calculated by
reference to the requirements of B2.0.

B1.2 For the purposes of this Annex, the expression "unprotected area" has the meaning ascribed to it
by Cl.1.4.110, but in calculating the size of unprotected areas or the permitted limit of unprotected areas, the
following provisions shall apply -

a. where any area of an external wall is an unprotected area, only because it has combustible material
attached to it as cladding, the area of that unprotected area shall be deemed to be half the area of such
cladding;

b. when unprotected openings in the same compartment are recessed at a distance or an angle to the
plane of reference, the width of the unprotected opening can be reduced accordingly when projected to
the plane of reference based on Table 3 and Table 4. However, such reduction is not applicable to the
following:

(1) Concave building profile or the like where a specific point on the receiving panel receives
radiation from more than one source.

(2) When the unprotected opening is along a continuous circular profile where its size and angle
cannot be determined.

c. no account shall be taken of any of the following:

(1) an unprotected area which does not exceed 0.1m 2 and which is not less than 1.5m from any other
unprotected area in the same side of the building or compartment (unless that other falls within (3)
below);

(2) one or more unprotected areas having an area (or, if more than one, the aggregate area) not
exceeding 1m 2 and not less than 4m from any other unprotected area in the same side of the building
or compartment (except any such area as is specified in (1) above);

(3) an unprotected area in any part of an external wall which forms part of a protected shaft;

(4) an unprotected area in the side of a building not divided into compartments, if the area is not less
than 28m above any ground adjoining that side of the building.

B2.0 Rules of calculation by reference to an enclosing rectangle

B2.1 The conditions of this Part of this Annex shall be satisfied if a building or compartment is so situated that
no point on the relevant boundary is either between the relevant plane of reference and the side of the
building or compartment or at a distance from the relevant plane of reference which is less than the distance
specified in the Tables to this Part of this Annex, according to the purpose group of the building or
compartment, the dimensions of the enclosing rectangle and the unprotected percen tage. Linear interpolation
to determine the setback distance using Table 1 & 2 is permitted, provided the unprotected percentage falls
between 20% and 100%.

B2.2 For the purpose of this Part of this Annex:

a. “relevant boundary” means as defined in Cl.1.4.89 and for the purpose of this calculation is either
parallel to the side of the building under consideration or at an angle of not more than 80° with that side;
b. “plane of reference” means any vertical plane which touches the side or some part of the side of a
building or compartment but which (however far extended) does not pass within the structure of such
building or compartment (and for this purpose, any balcony, coping or similar projection shall be deemed
not to be part either of that side or of the structure); and the relevant plane of reference shall in each
case be taken as that most favourable in that respect to the person erecting the building;

c. “enclosing rectangle” means the smallest rectangle on the relevant plane of reference which would:

(1) enclose all the outer edge of any unprotected area of the building or, if the building is divided into
compartments, of the compartment (other than any of an unprotected area which is at an angle of
more than 80° to the plane of reference the outer edg es being for this purpose projected on the plane
of reference by line perpendicular to such plane;

(2) have two horizontal sides; and

(3) have height and width falling within those listed in the Tables to this Part of this Annex.

d. “unprotected percentage” means the percentage of the area of the enclosing rectangle which is equal
to the aggregate of the unprotected areas taken into account in calculating the enclosing rectangle and as
projected on it.

TABLE 1 - BUILDINGS OR COMPARTMENTS OF PG I, PG II, PG III, PG IV, PG VII & PG VIII (for Open-sided Car Parking Decks only)
Enclosing Rectangle Distance (in metres) from Relevant Boundary for Unprotected Percentage not exceeding
Ht. Width 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
3m 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0
6m 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0
9m 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5
12m 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5
15m 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.0
18m 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0
3 metres
21m 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
24m 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 4.5
27m 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.5
30m 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.5
40m 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 5.0
No limit 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 5.0
3m 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0
6m 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0
9m 1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 4.5 5.0
12m 1.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.5
15m 1.5 2.5 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.0
18m 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
21m 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0
24m 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 7.0 7.0
6 metres
27m 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5
30m 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 8.0
40m 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.0 8.0 8.5
50m 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.0 9.0
60m 1.5 2.5 3.5 5.0 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5
80m 1.5 2.5 3.5 5.0 6.0 7.0 7.5 8.5 9.5
100m 1.5 2.5 3.5 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.5 10.0
No limit 1.5 2.5 3.5 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.5 10.0
3m 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5
6m 1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 4.5 5.0
9m 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.0
12m 1.5 3.0 3.5 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0
15m 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5
18m 2.0 3.5 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 8.0 8.5
9 metres 21m 2.0 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.5 9.0
24m 2.0 3.5 5.0 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.0 9.0 9.5
27m 2.0 3.5 5.0 6.0 7.0 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.0
30m 2.0 3.5 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 9.5 10.5
40m 2.0 3.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.5
50m 2.0 4.0 5.5 6.5 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.5 12.5
60m 2.0 4.0 5.5 7.0 8.0 9.5 11.0 11.5 13.0
 80m 2.0 4.0 5.5 7.0 8.5 10.0 11.5 12.5 13.5
100m 2.0 4.0 5.5 7.0 8.5 10.0 11.5 12.5 14.5
120m 2.0 4.0 5.5 7.0 8.5 10.0 11.5 12.5 14.5
No limit 2.0 4.0 5.5 7.0 8.5 10.5 12.0 12.5 15.0
3m 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5
6m 1.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.5
9m 1.5 3.0 3.5 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0
12m 1.5 3.5 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0
15m 2.0 3.5 5.0 5.5 6.5 7.0 8.0 8.5 9.0
18m 2.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 7.5 8.5 9.0 10.0
21m 2.5 4.0 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.0 10.0 10.5
24m 2.5 4.5 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.5
12 metres 27m 2.5 4.5 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.5 11.0 12.0
30m 2.5 4.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 12.5
40m 2.5 5.0 6.5 8.0 9.5 10.5 12.0 12.0 14.0
50m 2.5 5.0 7.0 8.5 10.0 11.0 13.0 14.0 15.0
60m 2.5 5.0 7.0 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 14.5 16.0
80m 2.5 5.0 7.0 9.0 11.0 13.0 14.5 16.0 17.0
100m 2.5 5.0 7.5 9.5 11.5 13.5 15.0 16.5 18.0
120m 2.5 5.0 7.5 9.5 11.5 13.5 15.0 17.0 18.5
No limit 2.5 5.0 7.5 9.5 12.0 14.0 15.5 17.0 19.0
3m 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.0
6m 1.5 2.5 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.0
9m 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5
12m 2.0 3.5 5.0 5.5 6.5 7.0 8.0 8.5 9.0
15m 2.0 4.0 5.5 6.5 7.0 8.0 9.0 9.5 10.0
18m 2.5 4.5 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.0
21m 2.5 5.0 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.0 12.0
24m 3.0 5.0 6.5 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0
15 metres 27m 3.0 5.5 7.0 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 12.5 13.5
30m 3.0 5.5 7.5 8.5 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.5 14.0
40m 3.0 6.0 8.0 9.5 11.0 12.5 13.5 15.0 16.0
50m 3.5 6.0 8.5 10.0 12.0 13.5 15.0 16.5 17.5
60m 3.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.0 15.5 17.0 18.0
80m 3.5 6.5 9.0 11.0 13.5 15.0 17.0 18.5 20.0
100m 3.5 6.5 9.0 11.5 14.0 16.0 18.0 19.5 21.5
120m 3.5 6.5 9.0 11.5 14.0 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5
No limit 3.5 6.5 9.0 12.0 14.5 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0
3m 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0
6m 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
9m 2.0 3.5 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 8.0 8.5
12m 2.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 7.5 8.5 9.0 10.0
15m 2.5 4.5 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.0
18m 2.5 5.0 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 11.0 11.5 13.0
21m 3.0 5.5 7.0 8.0 9.5 10.5 11.5 12.5 13.0
24m 3.0 5.5 7.5 8.5 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0
18 metres 27m 3.5 6.0 8.0 9.0 10.5 11.5 12.5 13.5 14.5
30m 3.5 6.5 8.0 9.5 11.0 12.0 13.5 14.5 15.5
40m 4.0 7.0 9.0 11.0 12.0 13.5 15.0 16.5 17.5
50m 4.0 7.0 9.5 11.5 13.0 15.0 16.5 18.0 19.0
60m 4.0 7.5 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 17.5 19.5 20.5
80m 4.0 7.5 10.0 13.0 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 22.5
100m 4.0 7.5 10.0 13.5 16.0 18.0 20.5 22.5 24.0
120m 4.0 7.5 10.0 14.0 16.5 19.0 21.0 23.5 25.5
No limit 4.0 8.0 10.0 14.0 17.0 19.5 22.0 24.0 26.5
3m 0.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
6m 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0
9m 2.0 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.5 9.0
12m 2.5 4.0 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.0 10.0 10.5
15m 2.5 5.0 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.0 12.0
21 metres
18m 3.0 5.5 7.0 8.0 9.5 10.5 11.5 12.5 13.0
21m 3.0 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 11.0 12.5 13.5 14.0
24m 3.5 6.0 8.0 9.5 10.5 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0
27m 3.5 6.5 8.5 10.0 11.5 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0
30m 4.0 7.0 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.0 14.5 16.0 16.5
 40m 4.5 7.5 10.0 12.0 13.5 15.0 16.5 18.0 19.0
50m 4.5 8.0 11.0 13.0 14.5 16.5 18.0 20.0 21.0
60m 4.5 8.5 11.5 13.5 15.5 17.5 19.5 21.0 22.5
80m 4.5 8.5 12.0 14.5 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.5 25.0
100m 4.5 9.0 12.0 15.5 18.0 20.5 22.5 25.0 27.0
120m 4.5 9.0 12.0 16.0 18.5 21.5 23.5 26.5 28.5
No limit 4.5 9.0 12.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 26.5 29.5
3m 0.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 4.5
6m 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 7.0 7.0
9m 2.0 3.5 5.0 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.0 9.0 9.5
12m 2.5 4.5 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.5
15m 3.0 5.0 6.5 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0
18m 3.0 5.5 7.5 8.5 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0
21m 3.5 6.0 8.0 9.5 10.5 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0
24m 3.5 6.5 8.5 10.0 11.5 12.5 14.0 15.0 16.0
24 metres 27m 4.0 7.0 9.0 11.0 12.5 13.5 15.0 16.0 17.0
30m 4.0 7.5 9.5 11.5 13.0 14.0 15.5 17.0 18.0
40m 4.5 8.5 11.0 13.0 14.5 16.0 18.0 19.0 20.5
50m 5.0 9.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 17.5 19.5 21.0 22.5
60m 5.0 9.5 12.5 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 24.5
80m 5.0 10.0 13.5 16.5 18.5 21.0 23.5 25.5 27.5
100m 5.0 10.0 13.5 17.0 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 29.5
120m 5.5 10.0 13.5 17.5 20.5 23.5 26.5 29.0 31.0
No limit 5.5 10.0 13.5 18.0 21.0 24.0 27.5 30.0 32.5
3m 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.5
6m 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5
9m 2.0 3.5 5.0 6.0 7.0 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.0
12m 2.5 4.5 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.5 11.0 12.0
15m 3.0 5.5 7.0 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 12.5 13.5
18m 3.5 6.0 8.0 9.0 10.5 11.5 12.5 13.5 14.5
21m 3.5 6.5 8.5 10.0 11.5 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0
24m 3.5 7.0 9.0 11.0 12.5 13.5 15.0 16.0 17.0
27 metres 27m 4.0 7.5 10.0 11.5 13.0 14.0 16.0 17.0 18.0
30m 4.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 13.5 15.0 17.0 18.0 19.0
40m 5.0 9.0 11.5 14.0 15.5 17.5 19.0 20.5 22.0
50m 5.5 9.5 12.5 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 22.5 24.0
60m 5.5 10.5 13.5 16.0 18.5 20.5 22.5 24.5 26.5
80m 6.0 11.0 14.5 17.5 20.5 22.5 25.0 27.5 29.5
100m 6.0 11.0 15.5 19.0 21.5 24.5 27.0 30.0 32.0
120m 6.0 11.5 15.5 19.5 22.5 26.0 28.5 32.0 34.0
No limit 6.0 11.5 15.5 20.0 23.5 27.0 29.5 33.0 35.0
TABLE 2 - BUILDINGS OR COMPARTMENTS OF PG V, PG VI, & PG VIII (see Table 1 for Open-sided Car Parking Decks)
Enclosing Rectangle Distance (in metres) from Relevant Boundary for Unprotected Percentage not exceeding
Ht. Width 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
3m 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0
6m 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 4.0
9m 1.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.0
12m 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 5.5
15m 2.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.0
18m 2.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.5 6.5
21m 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0
3 metres 24m 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 7.0 7.5
27m 2.0 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5
30m 2.0 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.5 8.0
40m 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.5 6.5 7.0 8.0 8.5
50m 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.5 8.0 9.0
60m 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 7.5 8.5 9.5
80m 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 9.5
No limit 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
3m 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 4.0
6m 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.0
9m 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.0
6 metres
12m 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5
15m 3.0 4.5 5.5 6.0 7.0 7.5 8.0 9.0 9.0
18m 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.0 9.0 9.5 10.0
 21m 3.5 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5
24m 3.5 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.5 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0
27m 3.5 5.0 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.0 12.0
30m 3.5 5.0 6.5 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 12.5
40m 3.5 5.5 7.0 8.5 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0
50m 3.5 5.5 7.5 9.0 10.5 11.5 13.0 14.0 15.0
60m 3.5 5.5 7.5 9.5 11.0 12.0 13.5 15.0 16.0
80m 3.5 6.0 7.5 9.5 11.5 13.0 14.5 16.0 17.5
100m 3.5 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 13.5 15.0 16.5 18.0
120m 3.5 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 15.5 17.0 19.0
No limit 3.5 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 19.0
3m 1.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.0
6m 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.0
9m 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0
12m 3.5 5.0 6.0 7.0 7.5 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.5
15m 4.0 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.0 11.0 11.5
18m 4.5 6.0 7.0 8.5 9.5 10.0 11.0 12.0 12.5
21m 4.5 6.5 7.5 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 13.5
24m 5.0 6.5 8.0 9.5 11.0 12.0 13.0 13.5 14.5
9 metres 27m 5.0 7.0 8.5 10.0 11.5 12.5 13.5 14.5 15.0
30m 5.0 7.0 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0
40m 5.5 7.5 9.5 11.5 13.0 14.5 15.5 17.0 17.5
50m 5.5 8.0 10.0 12.5 14.0 15.5 17.0 18.5 19.5
60m 5.5 8.0 11.0 13.0 15.0 16.5 18.0 19.5 21.0
80m 5.5 8.5 11.5 13.5 16.0 17.5 19.5 21.5 23.0
100m 5.5 8.5 11.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 21.0 22.5 24.5
120m 5.5 8.5 11.5 14.5 17.0 19.5 21.5 23.5 26.0
No limit 5.5 8.5 11.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 24.5 27.0
3m 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 5.5
6m 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5
9m 3.5 5.0 6.0 7.0 7.5 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.5
12m 4.5 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 9.5 11.0 11.5 12.0
15m 5.0 6.5 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 13.5
18m 5.0 7.0 8.5 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 14.5
21m 5.5 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0
24m 6.0 8.0 9.5 11.5 12.5 14.0 15.0 16.0 16.5
12 metres 27m 6.0 8.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 14.5 16.0 17.0 17.5
30m 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.0 15.0 16.5 17.5 18.5
40m 6.5 9.5 12.0 14.0 15.5 17.5 18.5 20.0 21.0
50m 7.0 10.0 13.0 15.0 17.0 19.0 20.5 23.0 23.0
60m 7.0 10.5 13.5 16.0 18.0 20.0 21.5 23.5 25.0
80m 7.0 11.0 14.5 17.0 19.5 21.5 23.5 26.0 27.5
100m 7.5 11.5 15.0 18.0 21.0 23.0 25.5 28.0 30.0
120m 7.5 11.5 15.0 18.5 22.0 24.0 27.0 29.5 31.5
No limit 7.5 12.0 15.5 19.0 22.5 25.0 28.0 30.5 34.0
3m 2.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.0
6m 3.0 4.5 5.5 6.0 7.0 7.5 8.0 9.0 9.0
9m 4.0 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.0 11.0 11.5
12m 5.0 6.5 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 13.5
15m 5.5 7.0 9.0 10.0 11.5 12.5 13.5 14.5 15.0
18m 6.0 8.0 9.5 11.0 12.5 13.5 14.5 15.5 16.5
21m 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.0 13.5 14.5 16.0 16.5 17.5
24m 6.5 9.0 11.0 13.0 14.5 15.5 17.0 18.0 19.0
15 metres 27m 7.0 9.5 11.5 13.5 15.0 16.5 18.0 19.0 20.0
30m 7.5 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 17.0 18.5 20.0 21.0
40m 8.0 11.0 13.5 16.0 18.0 19.5 21.0 22.5 23.5
50m 8.5 12.0 15.0 17.5 19.5 21.5 23.0 25.0 26.0
60m 8.5 12.5 15.5 18.0 21.0 23.5 25.0 27.0 28.0
80m 9.0 13.5 17.0 20.0 23.0 25.5 28.0 30.0 31.5
100m 9.0 14.0 18.0 21.5 24.5 27.5 30.0 32.5 34.5
120m 9.0 14.0 18.5 22.5 25.5 28.5 31.5 34.5 37.0
No limit 9.0 14.5 19.0 23.0 27.0 30.0 34.0 36.0 39.0
3m 2.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.5 6.5
18 metres 6m 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.0 9.0 9.5 10.0
9m 4.5 6.0 7.0 8.5 9.5 10.0 11.0 12.0 12.5
 12m 5.0 7.0 8.5 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 14.5
15m 6.0 8.0 9.5 11.0 12.5 13.5 14.5 15.5 16.5
18m 6.5 8.5 11.0 12.0 13.5 14.5 16.0 17.0 18.0
21m 7.0 9.5 11.5 13.0 14.5 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.5
24m 7.5 10.0 12.0 14.0 15.5 16.5 18.5 19.5 20.5
27m 8.0 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 17.5 19.5 20.5 21.5
30m 8.0 11.0 13.5 15.5 17.0 18.5 20.5 21.5 22.5
40m 9.0 12.0 15.0 17.5 19.5 21.5 23.5 25.0 26.0
50m 9.5 13.0 16.5 19.0 21.5 23.5 26.0 27.5 29.0
60m 10.0 14.0 17.5 20.5 23.0 26.0 27.5 29.5 31.0
80m 10.0 15.0 19.0 22.5 26.0 28.5 31.0 33.5 35.0
100m 10.0 16.0 20.5 24.0 28.0 31.0 33.5 36.0 38.5
120m 10.0 16.5 21.0 25.5 29.5 32.5 35.5 39.0 41.5
No limit 10.0 17.0 22.0 26.5 30.5 34.0 37.0 41.0 43.5
3m 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0
6m 3.5 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5
9m 4.5 6.5 7.5 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 13.5
12m 5.5 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0
15m 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.0 13.5 14.5 16.0 16.5 17.5
18m 7.0 9.5 11.5 13.0 14.5 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.5
21m 7.5 10.0 12.5 14.0 15.5 17.0 18.5 20.0 21.0
24m 8.0 10.5 13.0 15.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 21.0 22.0
21 metres 27m 8.5 11.5 14.0 16.0 18.0 19.0 21.0 22.5 23.5
30m 9.0 12.0 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.0 23.5 25.0
40m 10.0 13.5 16.5 19.0 21.5 23.0 25.5 27.0 28.5
50m 11.0 14.5 18.0 21.0 23.5 25.5 28.0 30.0 31.5
60m 11.5 15.5 19.5 22.5 25.5 28.0 30.5 32.5 33.5
80m 12.0 17.0 21.0 25.0 28.5 31.5 34.0 36.5 38.5
100m 12.0 18.0 22.5 27.0 31.0 34.5 37.0 40.0 42.0
120m 12.0 18.5 23.5 28.5 32.5 36.5 39.5 43.0 45.5
No limit 12.0 19.0 25.0 29.5 34.5 38.0 41.5 45.5 48.0
3m 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 7.0 7.5
6m 3.5 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.5 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0
9m 5.0 6.5 8.0 9.5 11.0 12.0 13.0 13.5 14.5
12m 6.0 8.0 9.5 11.5 12.5 14.0 15.0 16.0 16.5
15m 6.5 9.0 11.0 13.0 14.5 15.5 17.0 18.0 19.0
18m 7.5 10.0 12.0 14.0 15.5 16.5 18.5 19.5 20.5
21m 8.0 10.5 13.0 15.0 16.5 18.0 20.0 21.0 22.0
24m 8.5 11.5 14.0 16.0 18.0 19.5 21.0 22.5 24.0
24 metres 27m 9.0 12.5 15.0 17.0 19.0 20.5 21.5 24.0 25.5
30m 9.5 13.0 15.5 18.0 20.0 21.5 23.5 25.0 26.5
40m 11.0 14.5 18.0 20.5 23.0 25.0 27.5 29.0 30.5
50m 12.0 16.0 19.5 22.5 25.5 27.5 30.0 32.0 33.5
60m 12.5 17.0 21.0 24.5 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 36.5
80m 13.5 18.5 23.5 27.5 31.0 34.5 37.0 39.5 41.5
100m 13.5 20.0 25.0 29.5 33.5 37.0 40.0 43.0 45.5
120m 13.5 20.5 26.5 31.0 36.0 39.5 43.0 46.5 49.0
No limit 13.5 21.0 27.5 32.5 37.5 42.0 45.5 49.5 52.0
3m 2.0 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5
6m 3.5 5.0 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.0 12.0
9m 5.0 7.0 8.5 10.0 11.5 12.5 13.5 14.5 15.0
12m 6.0 8.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 14.5 16.0 17.0 17.5
15m 7.0 9.5 11.5 13.5 15.0 16.5 18.0 19.0 20.0
18m 8.0 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 17.5 19.5 20.5 21.5
21m 8.5 11.5 14.0 16.0 18.0 19.0 21.0 22.5 23.5
24m 9.0 12.5 15.0 17.0 19.0 20.5 22.5 24.0 25.5
27 metres 27m 10.0 13.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 25.5 27.0
30m 10.0 13.5 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 26.5 28.0
40m 11.5 15.5 19.0 22.0 24.5 26.5 29.0 30.5 32.5
50m 12.5 17.0 21.0 24.0 27.0 29.5 32.0 34.5 36.0
60m 13.5 18.5 22.5 26.5 29.5 32.0 35.0 37.0 39.0
80m 14.5 20.5 25.0 29.5 33.0 36.5 39.5 42.0 44.0
100m 15.5 21.5 27.0 32.0 36.5 40.5 43.0 46.5 48.5
120m 15.5 22.5 28.5 34.0 39.0 43.0 46.5 50.5 53.0
No limit 15.5 23.5 29.5 35.0 40.5 44.5 48.5 52.0 55.5
 Table 3

Illustration A (Enlarged)

Table 3 (Cont)
 Illustration A (Enlarged)

TABLE 4
Percentage of the Width of the Unprotected Openings upon their Projection onto the Plane of Reference (in view of distance of the openings from the
plane of reference)
Angle of
unprotecte
d opening
5° 10° 15° 20° 25° 30° 35° 40° 45° 50° 55° 60° 65° 70° 75° 80° 85° 90°
to
reference
plane*
Actual
percenta
ge of
unprotect
96 91 87 83 78 74 70 66 62 58 54 50 46 43 39 36 32 29
ed
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
opening
width on
reference
plane
4.1 GENERAL

The pu rpose of this Cha pter is to make provision for space around buil dings to enabl e effective external firefighting
operations.

4.2 PROVISION FOR EXTERNAL ACCESS TO BUILDING FOR FIREFIGHTING AND

ACCESSIBILITY OF SITE TO FIREFIGHTING APPLIANCES

4.2.1 General

a. Fire eng ine accessways/ fire en gine access roads shal l be provided to ensure site accessibility for firefighting
applia nces.

b. Fire eng ine accessways shall have a n ade quate clear width for the depl oyment of firefighti ng appliances, in
accordance wit h the ha bitabl e height a nd the type of buil ding, as stipulated in Table 4.2A , Table 4.2B and T able
4.2C.

c. Fire engine access roads shall have a clear width of at least 4m.

d. Fire access openings shal l be provid ed al ong the external walls of buil dings fronting the fire engine accessway to
provide access into the build ing for firefi ghting and rescue operations.

4.2.2 Fire engine accessway and fire engine access road

a. Provision

(1) PG I and II buildings

Effective Date: 15 Sep 2020

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A fire engin e accessway is not requi red for the following buildi ngs, however, a fire engine access road for
access by firefighting a pplia nces hall be provided to wit hin a travel distance of 60m of every point on the
proj ected plan a re a of the fo llowin g bui ld ings:

(a) PG I buildi ngs;

(b) PG II buildin gs of habita ble hei ght not exceedi ng 10m; and

(c) Cluster h ousing.

(2) Non -re sidential s tandal one buildings within PG II development

Non -resid ential stand alon e buildi ngs, such as clubhouses, car parks, etc. (excluding guardhouses and
substations) that are l ocated within a PG II housing development, shall comply
with Cl.4.2.2a. (4), Cl. 4.2.2a. (5), Cl.4.2. 2a.(6) or Cl.4.2.2a.(7), depending on the habi table hei ghts and usage of
the buildi ngs.

Effective Date: 15 Sep 2020

(3) PG II buildings exceedi ng 10m habitable height

For a buil ding und er PG II that exceeds the habitabl e hei ght of 10m, all of the followi ng shall be compli ed with:

(a) A fire e ngin e accessway/ fire engi ne access road shall be provided withi n a travel distance of 18m to
the entra nce of all exit staircases where the landing val ves (dry or wet riser) are provided in accordance
with Cl.6.2.2b. .

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023

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 (b) A fire e ngin e accessway of at least ¼ length of perim eter (minimum 15m), whichever is greater, shall
be provided to access at least one façade of each block and shall be located at a dis tance of at least 2m
and at most 10m away from the façade of the b ui lding. This is to facilitate rescue with direct access to unit
windo ws (excludin g exit staircase, smoke -free approach to exit staircase). For the purpose of computing
the extent of perimete r for fi re en gine accessway, only the external facade perimeters of residential units
are requi re d to be includ ed. Common areas such as corri dors/ lobbi es, lift/ service shafts, exit staircase,
landscape a reas, etc. can be omitted from the computati on.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023

(c) The fire e ngin e accessway shall be designed to meet the specifications stipulated in Table
4.2A, Table 4.2D a nd Tabl e 4.2E .

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(4) PG III, IV, V & VII buildings not exc eeding 10m habitable height

For buil dings un de r PG III, IV, V and VII not exceeding t he habit able height of 10m, a fire engine accessway is
not req uire d. Ho wever, a fire engine access road for access by firefighting appli ances shall be provided to
within a travel d istance of 45m of e very point on the projected plan area of the buildi ng.

(5) Basemen t

In the case of a basement, the fire en gin e accessway/ fire engine access road shall be provided to within a
travel distance of 18m to the entrance of all exit staircases where the landing valves (dry or wet riser) are
provide d in accord ance with Cl.6.2.2b. . The measurement of 18m shall be between t he fire engine accessway/
fire engi ne access road a nd the entra nce of exit staircase.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

(6) PG III, IV, V & VII buildings exce eding 10m habitable height

Effective Date: 2 Dec 2019

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For buil dings un de r PG III, IV, V and VII exceeding the habitabl e height of 10m, a fire engine accessway shall
be located di rectly below th e fire access openings to provide direct reach to the desi gnated fire access panels.
The re quired le ngth of fire e ngi ne accessway shall be computed based on the largest Accessible Floor Area
(AFA) of any aboveg rou nd fl oors as follows:

(a) fo r interco nnected floo rs, including basements connected to aboveground floors, the AFA shall be the
aggregat e AFA of all the interconn ected floors, or

(b) fo r build ings with more than on e group of interconnected floors, the AFA shall be taken as the largest
of the agg reg ate floor a re as among the groups of interconnected floors.

Effective Date: 2 Dec 2019

TABLE 4.2.2a.(6) : LENGTH OF FIRE ENGINE ACCESSWAY FOR PG III, IV, V & VII BUILDINGS
Required length of perimeter
AFA (m2)
Non-sprinkler-protected Sprinkler-protected
≤ 2000 1
/6 (at least 15m)
1
/6 (at least 15m)
> 2000 & ≤ 4000 ¼
> 4000 & ≤ 8000 ½ ¼
> 8000 & ≤ 16000 ¾ ½
> 16000 & ≤ 32000 ¾
island site
>32000 island site
(7) PG VI and VIII buildings

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For buil dings un de r PG VI and VIII, a fire engine accessway shall be provided for firefighting appli ances. The
requ ire d lengt h of the fire en gine accessway shall be calculated based on the followi ng gross cubical extent of
the buildi ng (excluding b ase ment) as follows:

TABLE 4.2.2a.(7) : LENGTH OF FIRE ENGINE ACCESSWAY FOR PG VI & VIII BUILDINGS
Required length of perimeter
Cubicle Extent (m ) 3

Non-sprinkler-protected Sprinkler-protected
≤ 28400 ⅙ (at least 15m) ⅙ (at least 15m)
 > 28400 & ≤ 56800 ¼
> 56800 & ≤ 85200 ½ ¼
> 85200 & ≤ 113600 ¾ ¼
> 113600 & ≤ 170400 ½
> 170400 & ≤ 227200 island site ¾
>227200 island site
(8) Mixed -use buildings

(a) W here the no n -residenti al component of the buildi ng occupies only the lower portion of the building,
the measureme nt of habita bl e height for determining the provisions of a fire engine accessway/fire engine
access road shall be based on the non - residential component of the building.

(b) Fo r mixed -use b uildi ngs without PG II usage, the length of fire engine accessway shall be computed
based on th e followi ng, whic hever is larger:

(i) the g ross cubical extent of the PG VI or VIII usages; or

(ii) the la rg er compa rtmente d floor area, for purpose groups other than PG VI and VIII.

(c) For mixed -use build ings with PG II usage, the length of fire engi ne accessway for mixed -use buildings
shall be computed b ased on Cl.4.2.2a.(6) above. In addit ion, Cl.4.2.2a. (3) shal l also be complied wit h.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

b. Width of fire engine ac c esswa y

The width of fire engi ne accesssway shall be as specified in Table 4. 2A , Table 4.2B and Tabl e 4.2C. Such fire
engin e accessway shall be able to accommodate the entry and manoeuvring of firefighting appliances, and extended
ladde r firefig hting a pplia nce s, with turntable a nd/or hydraulic platforms.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

c. Location

The fire en gin e accessway shall be p ositioned so that the nearer edge shall be at least 2m or at most 10m from the
centre position of the fi re ac cess opening, measured horizontally.

d. Gradients of fir e engine acce sswa y/ fire engine access road

The fire en gin e accessway shall be lai d on a level platform. If on an incline, the gradi ent shall not exceed 1:15. A
fire engi ne access road shal l be laid on an incline not exceeding a gradient of 1:8.3.

e. T urning facilities

(1) A dea d en d fire en gine a ccessway/ fire engine access road shall not exceed 46m in length. If exceeding
46m, it shall be provid ed wit h cul -de -sac turning facility as shown in Diagram 4.2.2e. .

(2) Th e U-tu rn radii fo r firefi ghting a pplia nces on a fire engine accessway/ fire engi ne access road shall comply
with the re qui rements as shown in Di ag ram 4.2.2e. .

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

f. Overhe ad clear ance

An overhe ad structure shall only be pe rmitted over a fire engine accessway/fire engi ne access road subject to all of
the followi ng (see Diag ram 4 .2.2f.):

R
(1) the overh ead clea rance f or passage of firefighting appliances shall be at least 4.5m;

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(2) the width of the ove rhe a d structure shall not be more than 10m;

(3) whe re more than o ne ov erhe ad structure spans across the fire engine accessway/ fire engine access road,
the separation distance b etween two adjacent overhead structures shall be at least 20m apart;

(4) the l ength of the end -stretch of the fire engi ne accessway/ fire engine access road shall be at least 20m
with no overhea d structure; and
 (5) the l ength of fire engi ne accessway required for the buildi ng shall exclude the stretch of fire engine
accessway with the overhea d structure.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

g. Public road

Public roads can serve as a fire engi ne accessway, provi ded the location of such public roads is in compliance wi th
the req uirem ents of distance from fire access openings.

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h. Obstruction

Fire en gine accessways/ fire engine access roads shall be kept clear of obstructions at all times. Plants, trees or
other fixtures shall not o bstruct the path between the fire engine accessway and fire access openings.

Exception

(1) W here an access control system for unmanned buil di ng (exclude PG I building) such as a barri er, sliding/
swing gate, etc. is provided at the entra nce into the dev elopment, such systems

(a) shall a utomatically ope n upon d etection of firefighting appli ances (such as In -vehicle Unit (IU) for
emerg ency vehicles) or activation of the buil ding fire alarm, and shall remai n open until the access control
system has been manu ally reset; and

(b) s hall b e arran ged to o pe n automatically from a fail -s afe manual overri de device l ocated 1.2m above
the floor a nd withi n 1.5m facing the external side of the development, with the manual overri de device
read ily accessible and clearl y identified by a sign tha t reads “Emergency Release”.

(2) Fo r mann ed bui ldin g, the barri er at the entrance into the development shall be im mediately opened/ removed
upon b uildi ng’s fire ala rm activation.

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2021

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i. Marking of fire engine ac cessw ay and fir e engine access ro ad

(1) All fire e ngin e accessway/ fire engine access road s hall be marked, except where public roads are
designate d as fire en gine ac cessway/ fire engine access road.

Effective Date: 15 Mar 2021

(2) Metall ed/ no n -metall ed o r paved/ no n -paved surface fire engi ne accessways/ fire engine access roads shall
be marked wit h reflective wh ite or yellow strips of size not less than 100mm (W) x 400mm (L), or white or
yellow ro ad stud refl ectors of size not less than 100mm (W) x 100mm (L) x 18mm (H). The markings or
reflectors shall be visible at all times and shall be provided on both sides of the fire engine accessways/ fire
engin e access roads at an a lternate i nterval of not more than 5m. Markings or refle ctors shall also mark all
corners a nd turn ing corners of the fire engine accessway. See Diagram 4.2.2i.(2) -1 & 2.

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(3) A sign with white background a nd red pictogram with upper case wording of not l ess than 70mm in height
shall be provided at the start, junction, and end of a fire engine accessway/ fire engi ne access road. The hei ght
measured from the groun d to the low est poi nt of the sign shall be bet ween 2.3m and 2.4m. The sign shall be
reflective, visible and uno bstructed at all times and shall be positioned adj acent to the fire engine accessway/
fire engi ne access road. For locations where there are more than one of such signs, the signs can be placed on
the same post. See Diagram 4.2.2i.(3).

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j. Design of fire engine ac c esswa y and fire engine access road

(1) Fire engine acc essw ay sizes

The minimum width, le ngth a nd turni ng radii of a fire engi ne accessway shall be in accordance with Table
4.2A, Table 4.2B and Ta ble 4.2C and Di agram 4.2.2e.. Diagram 4.2.2j (1) – 1 to 3 shows the rel ationshi p
betwee n the fire engi ne accessway and parked firefighting appl iance with its front and rear jacks extended.

(2) Fi re en gine accessways and fire e ngi ne access roads, which can be on suspended slabs, metalled/ non -
metalled roads, paved/ no n -paved surfaces, ground laid with strengthened perf orated slabs, etc., shall be
designe d to withstand b oth stationary an d axle loading c apacity of firefighting appliances respectively as
stipulated in Tab le 4.2D and Table 4.2E . Where a fire engine access road is used for linking fire engi ne
accessway, its loading an d turni ng ra dius shall comply with the specifications for fire engine accessway.
 Effective Date: 1 Mar 2019

k. Ancillary usage o f fire e ngine acces swa y/ fire engi ne access road

Fire en gine accessway/ fire engin e access road shall not be turned into other usages such as pond, water
features, car pa rking lots (in cluding lo ading & unloading), etc. Turfing of fire engine accessway/fire engine
access road is only permitted on the stra ight stretch of the fire engine accessway/ fire engine access road with
grad ient not exceedi ng 1:1 5.

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l. Bi-directional fire engin e acces swa y/ fire engine access ro ad

For buil dings with vehicul ar entries/ exits that provides bi -directional access, both directions shall be designed
with sufficient turning radi us and width to al low firefighti ng appl iances to manoeuvre along the fire engine
accessway/ fire engine acce ss ro ad in the intended traffic direction as shown in Di agram 4.2.2l. .

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2021

4.2.3 Fire access opening to building for firefighting

a. Provision

Fire access openings shall b e provid ed on th e external wall for external firefighting and rescue operations. This can
include un obstructed exte rn al wall op eni ngs, windows, balcony doors, glazed wall panels and access panels. There
shall be a minimum cleara nc e are a of 3.5m in width and 2.5m in height around the fire access opening, and with
minimum clearance distance of 1.1m measured below the lower edge of the fire access opening, and 400mm
measured above the u ppe r e dge of the fire access opening. Windows, doors, wall panels or access panels shall be
read ily open able from the in side and o utside. The inside and outside of fire access openings shall be unobstructed
at all times during the occupancy of the building. There shall be no furniture or any ot her obst ruction withi n 1m from
the fire access openings at the land ing insid e the buil ding.

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2023

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b. Location

The fire access openin g sha ll be placed a gainst an occupied space. It shall not be pl aced at a plant/store room,
common corrido r, exit staircase, smoke -free approach to exit staircase or space that leads only to a dead end.

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

c. Signage

Panels to fire access openin gs shall be indicated with eit her a red or orange triangle of equal sides (minim um
150mm on each side ), which can be upri ght or i nverted, on the external side of the wall and wit h the wordings
"Firefightin g Access - Do Not Obstruct" of at least 25mm height on the internal side.

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d. Size

Fire access openings shall b e not less than 850mm wide by 1m high with sill height of not more than 1.1m, and head
height n ot less than 1.8m ab ove the inside floor level.

e. Number and position of fire ac ces s openings for b uildings other than residential

(1) Number o f fire a cce ss opening

For PG III to VIII, the numbe r of fire access opening shal l be based on the length of the fire engine accessway.
Every 20m of fire engin e accessway or part thereof shall be provided wit h an access panel.

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(2) Position

Fire access openings shall b e remote from each other and located along the side of t he buil ding. Such fire
access openings shall be sp aced at most 20m apart measured al ong the external wal l from centre to centre of
the fire access openings. Th e fire access opening shall be distributed such that there is at least one opening at
every 20m of the fire en gine accessway, except for parts of the non -PG VI or non-PG VIII building that are
single-storey.

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 (3) Fire a cce ss opening to compartment or spaces

(a) Fo r buil dings un de r PG III, IV, V and VII exceeding the habitable hei ght of 10m, and up to 90m, fire
access openings are req uire d at every storey level, other than the 1st storey, and shall face the fire
engin e accessway directly.

(b) Fo r buil ding u nde r PG VI and VIII, fire engine access openings located over a fire engine accessway
shall be provided a long th e external walls, up to a habit able height of 90m.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(4) Addi tional openings for ventilation

For buil dings un de r PG III to VIII where an area or space has a ceiling height greater than 10m, additi onal hi gh
level ventilation o peni ngs for smoke venting and firefight ing purposes shall be provided and l ocated in the
external walls ope ning int o the are a or space, except for an area or space that is provided with engineered
smoke control system and/ or smoke purging system. The ventilation openi ng shall m eet the followi ng criteria:

(a) the numbe r an d location of the openi ngs shall comply with Cl.4.2.3e.(1) and Cl.4. 2.3e.(2).

(b) the dimensions of the op enings shall comply with Cl. 4.2.3d. ;

(c) the ope nin gs can be in th e form of openable panels/louvres, breakable glazing, or permanent
openi ngs; and

(d) the ope nings shall not b e indicated with the triangular signage as mentioned under Cl.4.2.3c ., but
instead be la belle d with red wording, “DO NOT ENTER – FOR SMOKE VENTING ONLY”, of height not less
than 50mm an d visible from the buildi ng exteri or.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

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f. Exemption

The provision of fire access openi ngs shall not be applic able:

(1) bu ildin gs unde r PG I and II, including buil dings of non -residential ancillary usage (such as a gym, club rooms
open -to-sky roof ga rde n, intermedi ate floor sky terrace, etc.) within the residential occupancy.

(2) ab ovegroun d multi -store y car park where parapet walls are provided to comply wi th ventilation requi rements
stipulated in Cl.3. 2.8.

4.3 ACCESS TO BUILDINGS WITH RISING MAINS

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Buildings fitted with risin g mains and a utomatic sprinkler system shall have fire engine accessway/ fire engine
access road for firefighti ng applia nces within 18m of breeching inl ets. The breechi ng inlets shall be visible from the
fire engi ne accessways or fire engin e access road.

4.4 FIRE HYDRANT

4.4.1 Provision of private fire hydrant

a. General

Every part of a fire eng ine a ccessway and/ or fire engi ne access road shall be within an unobstructed distance of
50m from a fire hyd rant. Wh ere a p ublic fire hydrant conforming to this requirement i s not available, private fire
hydrant (s) shall be p rovide d. See Diag ram 4.4.1a. .

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b. Use of public fire hydra nt

Existing public fire hydrants along o ne side of a public road shall not be designated t o serve developm ents sited on
the other sid e of the public road, except for a road having at most two lanes, regardl ess of traffic direction.
 c. Locations of fir e hydran ts

In situations where more th a n one p rivate fire hydrants is required, the fire hydrants shall be located al ong the fire
engin e accessway/ fire engi ne access road such that every part of the fire engi ne ac cessway/ fire engine access
road is withi n an un obstr uct ed distance of 50m from any fire hydrant. See Diagram 4.4.1c ..

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d. Siting and types of fire hydrants

Siting and types of fire hydrants shall comply with the requirements stated in SS 575.

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e. Ringed fire hydran t pipe s

For a buil ding that is requi re d to have an island site fire engine accessway the fire hydrant pipe shall be a ring
system. Isolation valves shall be provid ed o n the fire hy drant ring such that on any section of ring, not more than
one fire hyd ra nt can be i sola ted whe n req uired for mai ntenance wit hout affecting the water supply (both designed
pressure and flo w) to the ot her fire hydra nts on the ring.

Effective Date: 15 Sep 2020

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f. Valve locking device

A locking device shall be provided to lock the valves in open position during norm al operation. Underground valves
shall be kept in an o pen p osition at all times.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

4.4.2 Water supply for private fire hydrant

The provision of water sup pl y for a private fire hyd rant system, where required by this Code, shall comply with the
followin g re quirements:

a. Private fir e hydran t at o r below reduced level 125m

(1) Private fire hydra nts installed at reduced l evel 125m and bel ow can receive direct supply from public water
mains provide d the flow a nd pressure from the public water mains meet the fire hydrant requirem ents as shown
in Table 4.4A , or the foll owi ng re quirements are compli ed with:

(a) the AFA of the largest compartment shall not exceed 1000m for PG III, IV, V & VII and not exceed
2

500m for PG VI & VIII buildings. No AFA limit for covered car park in PG II, III, IV, V & VII buildings;
2

(b) the nominal bore of the fire hydrant pipe and the bulk water meter shall not be les s than 150mm in
diameter; a nd

(c) the ru nnin g pressure/flo w at the hydraulically most unfavourable fire hydrant of the private fire hydrant
system shall comply with the following:

(i) runni ng pressure >= 0.9 x (running pressure of the nearest public fire hydrant – pressure drop
across the bulk water metre); and

(ii) flow rate >= 0.9 x wate r flow of the nearest public fire hydrant or > = total flow demand (as
requ ire d in Tabl e 4.4A ) of the private fire hydrant system, provided the running pressure at the
most remote private fire hyd rant is greater than 2 bars.

Note:
In calculating the frictional l oss for the private fire hydrant system, the design flow rates shown in Tabl e
4.4A shall be used. The p re ssure drop across bulk water metre shall not be more than 1 bar.

(2) If the re quirements stipul ated in Cl.4.4.2a.(1) cannot be met, a storage tank of sufficient capacity meeting
the flow rate and d urati on as specified in Table 4.4A with the requisite pumping facilities shall be provided.

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2021

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b. Private fire hydr ant abo ve reduc ed level 125m
 (1) W here more th an on e pri vate fire hydrant is located above reduced level 125m wit hin the same plot, storage
and pum ping a rrang ements of water sup ply to these specified fire hydrants shall comply with the requirements
stipulated in Cl.4. 4.2c ..

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(2) Th e private fire hydra nt can be in the form of a dry fire hydrant, if it is not the sole fire hydrant within 50m
from any bre eching inl et(s) f eedin g firefighting systems for the bui lding(s) withi n the plot of land, which include:

(a) a utomatic fire sprinkle r systems, or

(b) d ry riser systems, or

(c) wet riser systems.

(3) A dry fire hyd rant shall c omply with all of the following requirem ents:

(a) A dry privat e fire hydrant shall be connected to a 150mm diameter dry pipe, which shall be connected
at the other e nd to a fou r -wa y breeching i nlet.

(b) This b reechin g inlet shall be within 18m from any fire engine accessway/fire engine access road
having minimum 4m width a nd within 50m from any wet fire hydrant, private or publi c.

(c) The private dry pilla r sha ll be painted in “yell ow” and labell ed “dry” on the fire hydrant pill ar.

(d) A signag e indicatin g the location of breeching inlet shall be positioned next to the dry private fire
hydrant.

c. Water suppl y and stor ag e requirement

Where more th an on e privat e fire hydrant is located above reduced l evel 125m withi n the same plot, storage and
pumpin g arran gements of water supply to these specified fire hydrants shall comply with those for wet rising mai ns
stipulated in SS 575 an d Ta ble 4.4A Water Supply & Storage Requirem ents for Private Fire Hydrant.

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4.4.3 Protection of fire hydrant mains in buildings

Effective Date: 15 Mar 2021

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All fire hydrant mains which pass through a building shal l have its full length within t he buil ding protected with fire
resistance construction complying with Cl.3.8. 7b. of at least the same fire resistance as the element of structure,
provide d all of the follo win g requ ireme nts are complied with:

a. The fire hydrant mains shall be located i n common circulation areas, such as car parking spaces (except spaces
used for mechanical ca r parking) an d driveways, i.e. they shall not pass through private or confined spaces.

b. No services other than s prinkle r pipe (s) shall be located above or crossing over t he fire hydrant mains. Where
services need to cross -over the hydra nt mains, the following conditions shall be complied with:

(1) the se rvices shall only cross over the fire hydrants mains perpendicularly;

(2) the te nsile stress of the supports for the services shall not exceed 10N/mm ; and 2

(3) the se rvices shall be ade quately protected by the buil ding’s sprinkler system.

c. The fire hydrant mains sh all be located away from explosion risk areas.

d. The prot ective enclosure t o the fire hydrant mains shal l be labell ed with the words “FIRE HYDRANT MAIN” of
minimum 50mm height at sui table inte rvals.
 Cul-de-sac turning facility

U-turn radii

Dimensions of Turning Facilities for Firefighting Appliances

Building Habitable Height
Parameters
< 10m* > 10 & < 50m# > 50m#
R1 4.0m 6.5m 7.5m
R2 8.0m 10.5m 12.0m
R3 8.5m 12.0m 14.8m
L1 4.0m 4.0m 4.5m
L2 11.0m 16.0m 21.0m
L3 15.0m 28.1m 33.5m
L4 8.0m 10.5m 12.0m
Note:
* - These dimensions are applicable to all PG except PG VI and VIII buildings, unless otherwise stated in Cl.4.2.2a.(1). For PG VI and VIII buildings ≤ 10m, it shall refer to (> 10 & ≤ 50)
requirements (as indicated in Table 4.2C).
# - Not applicable to PG I buildings. For PG I buildings, it shall refer to (≤ 10m) requirements.
Diag ram 4.2.2e. : Turning facilities for firefighting appliances

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

Diag ram 4.2.2j.(1) - 1 : CPL 34 firefighting appliance - Wheels & jacks layout
Diag ram 4.2.2j.(1) - 2 : AL 5 6 & CPL 60 firefighti ng appli ances - Wheels & jacks layout
Diag ram 4.2.2f. : Building structure over fire engine accessway/fire engine access road
Diag ram 4.2.2i.(2) : Marking of fire engine accessway/fire engine access road
Diag ram 4.2.2i.(3) : Pictogra m signage for fire engi ne ac cessway/fire engine access road
Diag ram 4.4.1a. : Provision of private fire hydrant
 Diag ram 4.4.1c. : Siting of private fire hydrant

TABLE 4.2A: FIRE ENGINE ACCESSWAY/FIRE ENGINE ACCESS ROAD FOR PG II BUILDINGS
Habitable Height (m)
Details
≤ 10 > 10 & ≤ 50 > 50
Width of fire engine access road > 4m
Width of fire engine accessway* Not required > 6m > 7m
Length of fire engine accessway* - > 15m > 15m
Type of firefighting appliance Pump ladder CPL 34 & AL 56 AL 56, CPL 60 & HLA 90
Loading capacity of fire engine road# > 24 tonnes > 30 tonnes > 50 tonnes
Loading capacity of fire engine accessway# - > 30 tonnes > 50 tonnes
Axle/Jack loading - See Table 4.2D & Table 4.2E
Turning facility
See Diagram 4.2.2e.
U-turn radii
Note:

# = The appended figures for loading capacity of fire engine accessway/fire engine access road are characteristic values.

* = A fire engine accessway of at least ¼ length of perimeter (minimum 15m), whichever is greater, shall be provided to access at least one facade of each block and shall be located at a
distance of at least 2m and at most 10m away from the facade of the building.
Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

TABLE 4.2B: FIRE ENGINE ACCESSWAY/FIRE ENGINE ACCESS ROAD FOR PG III, IV, V & VII BUILDINGS
Habitable Height (m)
Details
≤ 10 > 10 & ≤ 50 > 50
Width of fire engine access road > 4m
Width of fire engine accessway Not required > 6m > 7m
Length of fire engine accessway - See Table 4.2.2a.(6)
AL 56, CPL 60 & HLA
Type of firefighting appliance Pump ladder CPL 34 & AL 56
90
Loading capacity of fire engine access road# > 24 tonnes > 30 tonnes > 50 tonnes
Loading capacity of fire engine accessway# - > 30 tonnes > 50 tonnes
Axle/Jack loading - See Table 4.2D & Table 4.2E
Turning facility
See Diagram 4.2.2e.
U-turn radii

Note:

#
= The appended figures for loading capacity of fire engine accessway/fire engine access road are characteristic values.
TABLE 4.2C: FIRE ENGINE ACCESSWAY/FIRE ENGINE ACCESS ROAD FOR PG VI & VIII BUILDINGS
Habitable Height (m)
Details
≤ 10 > 10 & ≤ 50 > 50
Width of fire engine access road > 4m
Width of fire engine accessway > 6m > 6m > 7m
Length of fire engine accessway See Table 4.2.2a.(7)
Type of firefighting appliance CPL 34 & AL 56 CPL 34 & AL 56 AL 56, CPL 60 & HLA 90
Loading capacity of fire engine access road# > 30 tonnes > 30 tonnes > 50 tonnes
Loading capacity of fire engine accessway# > 30 tonnes > 30 tonnes > 50 tonnes
Axle/Jack loading See Table 4.2D & Table 4.2E
Turning facility
See Diagram 4.2.2e.
See Diagram 4.2.2e.
U-turn radii
under (>10 & <50)

Note:

#
= The appended figures for loading capacity of fire engine accessway/fire engine access road are characteristic values.
Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

TABLE 4.2D: AXLE LOADING OF FIREFIGHTING APPLIANCES

Type of firefighting appliances
Pump Ladder CPL 34 AL 56 CPL 60 HLA 90
Axle No. (from font)
Loading Wt. No of Loading Wt. No of Loading Wt. Loading Wt. No of Loading Wt. No of
No of wheels
(kg) wheels (kg) wheels (kg) (kg) wheels (kg) wheels
Axle 1 10000 2 7500 2 9000 2 9000 2 9000 2
Axle 2 14000 2 10500 2 10500 4 9900 4 9000 2
Axle 3 - - 10500 4 10500 4 9900 4 10500 4
Axle 4 - - - - - - 8200 2 10500 4
Axle 5 - - - - - - - - 10000 2
Axle 6 - - - - - - - - - -

Note:

The appended figures for axle loading are characteristic values.

TABLE 4.2E: JACK LOADING OF FIREFIGHTING APPLIANCES
Type of Fire Appliance CPL 34 AL 56 CPL 60 HLA 90
Jack load contact area 5625 cm2 5625 cm2 7125 cm2 7125 cm2
Maximum pressure per Jack (4 jacks per vehicle) 37 N/cm2 37 N/cm2 37 N/cm2 50 N/cm2

Note:

The appended figures for jack loading are characteristic values.

TABLE 4.4A WATER SUPPLY & STORAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR PRIVATE FIRE HYDRANT
Minimum Water supply and
Accessible Floor Area* Minimum Flow Rate Minimum Running Pressure
Purpose Group Storage Duration
(m2) (L/s) (bar) (mins)
 PG I & II - 27 2 45
Covered car park not within PG VI &
NL 38 2 45
VIII buildings +
≤ 1000 38
> 1000 & ≤ 5000 57
PG III, IV, V & VII 2 45
> 5000 & ≤ 10000 76
> 10000 95
≤ 500 38
> 500 & ≤ 5000 57
> 5000 & ≤ 10000 76
PG VI & VIII 2 90
> 10000 & ≤ 15000 95
> 15000 & ≤ 20000 114
> 20000 133
Note:

NL = No limit.

* = Based on the Accessible Floor Area (AFA) of the largest compartment in the building

+ = This requirement is only applicable to car parking facilities within PG II, III, IV, V & VII buildings, either as a standalone multi-storey car park or within a building (above ground or below
ground). The hydrant requirements for the remaining parts of the buildings shall comply with Cl.4.4.2a., Cl.4.4.2b. and Cl.4.4.2c..
Effective Date: 1 Dec 2020
CLAUSE 5.1 - GENERAL

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The installation, control an d distribution of wirin g of electrical equi pment in buildings shall be in accordance with SS
638 an d SS 551.

CLAUSE 5.2 - PRIMARY AND SECONDARY POWER SUPPLIES

5.2.1 Installations requiring primary and secondary power supplies

Where any of the following i nstallations is requi red by this Code or ot her Codes/ Regulations, its primary and sec ondary
source of power supp ly shall comply with the correspondi ng Code of Practice stated therein.

a. Electrical lifts

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Where an el ectrical passeng er or g oods lift is requi red, it s electrical installations, including batteri es and other forms
of secondary po wer sup ply, shall comply with SS 550. Where the provision of fire lift is required by this Code,
installation of the p rimary an d secondary suppli es shall also comply with the above - mentioned Code of Practice.

b. Electrical fire alarm sy s tem

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Where electrical fire a larm system is required, its primary power supply as well as its type and capacity of battery
shall comply with SS 645.

c. Exit light and emergenc y lighting systems

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Where exit or emergency lig hting system is required, its electrical wiri ng, type and c apacity of battery or other form
of secondary po wer sup ply shall comply with SS 563.

d. Emergency voice communication sys tem

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Where an eme rge ncy voice communication system is required, its electrical wiring shall be fire -rated or otherwis e
fire-p rotected in accorda nce with SS 546. The appropriat e type and capacity of secondary source of supply shall also
be provided accordingly.

e. Wet rising main system

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Where a wet risin g main system is require d, the rel evant electrical supply shall be installed in accordance with SS
575. A secondary source of powe r supply with capacity stipulated in SS 575 shall be provided for the wet rising m ain
pumps.

f. Fire sprinkler sy stem

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Installation of electrical sup ply for sprinkler systems shall comply with SS CP 52. The capacity of the secondary
source of supply, whe re re q uire d, shall satisfy operational requirem ents under the respective hazard category.

g. Mechanical ventila tion/ pressuris ation sy stems

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The followi ng systems shall be provided wit h secondary source of power supply:

(1) mecha nical ventilation system for the following rooms or spaces:

(a) exit staircases;

(b) exit passage ways;

(c) smoke-free/ fire lift lob bi es;

 (d) a rea of refug e within th e same building;

(e) b asement car pa rks;

(f) fire command cent res;

(g) eme rg ency powe r gen era tor rooms;

(h) e ngin e drive n fire pum p rooms;

(i) rooms involving the use a nd/ or storage of flammable liquid/ gas and explosive substances;

(j) any oth er a reas wh ere su ch systems are installed for fire precautionary measures; and

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(2) p ressurisatio n systems for the follo wing areas:

(a) smoke-free/ fire lift lobbi es;

(b) int ern al exit staircases;

(c) hotel corrido rs;

(d) h ostel corrid ors;

(e) h ealthca re corrido rs; and

(f) any othe r areas whe re su ch systems are installed.

(3) all smoke contro l/ purg in g systems, including associated equi pment forming part of the systems.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

h. Air supply system for genera tor and fire pump

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A secondary source of powe r supply shall be provided for the mechanical ventilati on system which is installed to
provide air for th e ope ratio n of the followin g equipment:

(1) eme rg ency gene rato r; an d

(2) e ngin e drive n fire pum p.

5.2.2 Cable installation

Power sup ply cables for equ ipment that are required to operat e duri ng a fire emergency shall be of fire resistant
type. The fire resistant cabl es shall comply with SS 299.

5.2.3 Electric motors and control equipment

All motors and their cont rol equipm ent, as well as the associated wiring and accessories, shall be suitable for their
particula r app lication an d fo r the environment they are exposed to. In addition, they shall comply with all of the
followin g re quirements:

a. High Rupturi ng Capacity Fuses (HRC) or Moulded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCB) with magnetic rel ease shall
be installed a nd b e capabl e of protecting the cabl e connections to the motor, and of carrying the stalled current
of the motor for a p erio d not less than 75% of the period for which such a current would cause the motor
windi ngs to fail;

b. any no-volt rel ease mech anism shall be of the autom atic resetting type, such that on restorati on of supply
the motor can start automati cally;

c. thermal overloa d trips sha ll not be pe rmitted; and

 d. magnetic (short circuit) tri ps are pe rmitted for use in motor circuits of mechanical ventilation systems serving
essential services.

5.2.4 Emergency generator

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a. Where emergency gene ra tors are p rovide d as a secondary source of supply, they shall comply with SS 535.

b. For outd oor em erg ency generator, all of the foll owi ng requi rements shall be complied with:

(1) Day tank incorpo rate d wi thin the body of the emergency generator shall be constructed of steel. The day
tank shall
be of dou ble skin construction. The eme rgency generator enclosure shall be able to contain any leakage of
diesel.

(2) Alternatively, an internal bund wall shall be built within the outdoor emergency generat or’s day tank large
enou gh
to contain 100% of the di esel content within the day tank.

(3) Th e maximum quantity of diesel permitted i n the day tank is 1000 litres.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

6.1 PORTABLE EXTINGUISHERS

6.1.1 General

a. Portable fire extinguishe rs, where requi red, shall be constructed in accordance wit h SS EN 3.

b. All portable fi re extinguis hers, whe re requi red to be provided, shall be charged, tested, maintained and properl y
tagged i n accorda nce with SS 578.

6.1.2 Provision

a. Fire extinguish ers shall b e provid ed in all b uildi ngs except the following:

(1) PG I buildi ngs;

(2) residenti al floors of PG II buildings;

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(3) car p arkin g are as in standalon e car parks or mixed -use residential buildi ngs;

(4) roof level of single store y buildings with roof height not more than 12m or i naccessible pitched roof up to
24m from gra de level use d solely for roof -m ounted PV installations in accordance with Cl.10.2.1b. (1); and

(5) roof level of an exte rnal/ open -sided overhead bridge/ shed/ linkway/ walkway with clear width less than
6m, roof heig ht not more th a n 12m and used solely for roof -mounted PV installations in accordance
with Cl.10.2.1 b.(1 ) .

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

b. Where the ro of level is a non -habit able flo or, fire exti nguishers shall be provided to cover the M&E plants/
equipm ent.

6.1.3 Type, size and siting

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The classification of portabl e fire extinguish ers provided shall be selected in accordance with SS 578 such that the nature
of processes and contents within the buil ding concerned can be effectively protected. The size, quantity and siting of
these porta ble fire extinguis hers shall comply with the requirements in SS 578 under the respective class of occupancy
hazard.

6.1.4 Installation and marking

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Portable fire extinguish ers p rovided sha ll be installed and conspicuously marked in accordance with requi rements
by SS 578.

6.2 RISING MAIN AND HOSE REEL SYSTEMS

6.2.1 Type of rising mains

a. The type of rising main system provided shall be appropri ate to the buil ding as fol lows:

(1) d ry rising mains shall be installed in PG II to VIII buildings of habitable height more than 10m, but not more
than 60m;

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(2) wet rising mains shall b e installed in buil dings with habitabl e height exceeding 60m; and

(3) sep arate dry and wet risi ng main systems in a building are permitted.

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 b. Notwithstandi ng the requ i rements in Cl.6.2.1a. , dry rising mains conforming to SS 575 shall be provided to supply
any part of a single o r multi ple level baseme nt.

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c. Where the bui ldin g has access from more than one ground level or road level, the height measurements for the
purp ose of this Code shall b e taken from the level of the fire engi ne accessway. Where there is no fire engine
accessway, the height measureme nts shall be based on fire engi ne access road.

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6.2.2 Number, location and size of rising mains

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a. Standard

The numb er, distributi on, size and installati on of rising m ains shall comply with the requirements stipulated in SS
575.

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b. Locations of landing val ves

Rising mains and th e associated lan ding valves shall be kept free of physical and visual obstruction, and be l ocated:

(1) wit hin a fire lift lob by, smoke -free l obby or external corridor immediat ely outside the door of the exit
staircase, or

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(2) in th e case whe re there i s no fire lift lobby, smoke -free lobby and external corri dor, it shall be located inside
an exit staircase, or in the common are a and within a protected shaft, immediately outside the door of the exit
staircase.

Note: Whe re the re a re provisions of fire lift lobby and smoke -free l obby withi n the building, the position of
rising mains and l andi ng val ves shall first be located inside fire lift lobby.

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c. Provision for landing valves and standby fire ho ses

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(1) Th e location a nd p rovisio n for land ing valves shall comply with SS 575. Where any part of the 1st storey of
a buildi ng, except for PG II buildi ngs, is more than 38m (30m hose line length and a jet throw of 8m) from the
breechi ng inl et, a landi ng va lve at the 1st storey shall be provided.

(2) W here all the exit staircases in a building under PG III to VIII are installed with rising mains and standby
fire hoses, and yet part of a floor space is beyond the 38m (30m hose line l ength and a jet throw of 8m)
coverage of a ny landin g valve, an addi ti onal standby fire hose shall be provided at the landi ng valve nearest to
this floor space.

6.2.3 Breeching inlets and fire engine accessway/ fire engine access road

a. All buildings fitted with ris ing mains shall have a fire engine accessway/ fire engi ne access road for firefighting
applia nces within 18m of the breechi ng inlet. The breechi ng inlets shall be visible from the fire engi ne accessway/
fire engi ne access ro ad.

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b. The req uirements and p ro visions for breeching inlets for the rising main system shall be in accordance with the
SS 575. Connectin g pipes b etween th e inlets and the vertical run of the rising mains , where applicable, shall be kept
as short as possible.

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6.2.4 Wet rising mains

a. Water suppl y

The capacity of the water su pply from the publ ic mains and the storage capacity for a wet rising main system shall
comply with the requ ireme nt s in SS 575.

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b. Flow

The flow requi rements for wet rising main system shall comply with those stipulated i n SS 575.

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 c. Running pressure

Runni ng p ressure at e ach di scharging l andi ng valve on t he wet rising main system shall be mai ntained between the
minimum and maximum values as stipulated in SS 575.

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d. Static pres sure

Static pressure in any line o f hose connected to a landing valve in a wet rising main system shall not exceed the
specified value in SS 575.

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e. Storage tan ks

The location of stora ge tank and capacity of break tank where required shall comply with the requi rements in SS
575.

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f. Fire pumps

Installation of fire pum ps for wet rising main system shall comply with the requi rements of SS 575. Wet riser pumps
shall be installed within a fire compartmente d fire pum p room, whose fire rati ng shall be in accordance with Tabl e
6.4A. The fire pump room flo or level shall n ot be lower than the main floor level.

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g. Water supply s ystem

(1) Th e wate r supply re quire ments for wet riser system shall be as follows:

TABLE 6.2.4g - WATER RISER SYSTEM

Water flow rate (L/s)
No: of stacks
Non-residential buildings Residential buildings
1 38 27
2 57 40.5
3 76 54
4 & above 95 67.5
(2) Th e minimum wate r stora ge capacity shall be capabl e of supplying water at the above flow rate for the
peri od as specified in SS 57 5.

6.2.5 Standby fire hose for rising mains

Standby fire hoses shall be provide d for eve ry rising mai n except for those in buil dings under PG II. The followi ng
requ ireme nts shall be compl ied with:

a. T ype and folding method

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(1) Th e standby fire h ose shall be of 63.5mm nomi nal int ernal diameter in order to ensure that the hose
coupling will fit the existing coupling tail pieces. The hos e shall be rugged and capable of carrying water under
substantive pressure in acco rdance with BS 6391. The fire hose shall be of Type 3 as stipulated in BS 6391.

(2) Th e fire hose cou plin gs shall be man ufactured to BS specifications or equivalent and of be li ght alloy or
gunmetal. The cou plin g shal l be of 63.5mm diameter and be of the instantaneous type with standard (double -
pull) rele ase mechanism. The couplings s hall be secured to the hoses with galvanised mild steel wire and
applie d over a h ose gua rd of synthetic fibre. It shall be able to withstand a minim um working pressure of 15
bars.

(3) Each hose shall have a standa rd len gth of 30m and shall be kept stowed in a Dut ch Roll and housed in a
glass fronted cabin et. The Dutch Roll shall be rolled in the manner shown in Diagram 6.2.5a.(3) .

b. Position

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(1) Th e fire hose shal l be in stalled just next to, but not more than 2m from the landi ng valve as shown
in Diag ram 6.2.5 b.(1 ) .

(2) Th e entire fire h ose and cabinet shall be install ed away from direct sunlight.

c. Mounting
 The wall mou nted fire hose and cabin et shall be as follows:

(1) Th e cabinet shall b e firm ly mounted on the wall and able to withstand the wei ght of the hose(s) it houses.

(2) Th e cabinet shall b e con structed of non -combustible material and be mai ntenance free.

(3) Th e cabinet lock, if provided, shall be one that can be operated manually from the inside without the use of
a key when the fro nt tempered glass (minimum 300mm x 300mm) is broken by firefi ghters.

(4) Th e cabinet swin g doo r shall be mad e openable such that it will not obstruct the retrieving of the fire hose
by firefighters.

(5) Th e dept h of the cabinet shall not exceed 250mm for one fire hose or 350mm for t wo fire hoses.

(6) Th e cabinet shall b e pai n ted in a contrasting colour s uch that it is conspicuous and easily identified.

(7) Th e wo rdin g, “FIRE HOS E”, with letter hei ght of at least 50mm and shown in cont rasting colour, shall be
painted directly on the fro nt panel as shown in Di agram 6.2.5b.(1) .

(8) In lie u of the cabin et, a simple wall mounted cradle for the fire hose can be provided, but only in the riser
main shaft. The cradle shall be constructed and positioned to facilitate the retri eving of fire hose by firefighters.

(9) Th e cradl e (in lie u of the cabinet) shall be maintenance -free. The fi re hose install ation hei ght shall be
limited as indicated in Di ag ram 6.2.5b.(1 ) .

d. General

(1) On ly clean, dry and com pactly rolled (Dutch Roll with the Velcro strap secured as shown in the Diagram
6.2.5a.(3 ) an d b.(1 )) h ose(s) shall be placed in the cabinet.

(2) BS 639 1 stipulates the te chnical req uirements for quality acceptance standards of the fire hose. In additi on,
the above menti oned req uire ments shall be applicable for acceptance of the standby fire hose.

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6.2.6 Building under construction

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2021

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When a b uildi ng in pu rsua nce of Cl.6.2.1, is requi red to be equi pped with rising mains, such rising mains shall be installed
prog ressively as the buildin g attains height du rin g the course of construction. All outlets, landing valves and inl ets, water
tanks and pumps, and hyd ra nts shall be prop er ly installed so as to be readily operational in case of fire.

6.2.7 Foam inlets

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a. Provision

(1) W here boil er room or sto rage room contai ning highly combustible materials are located in a basement, or is
not easily accessible for firefighting, foam inlets and pipe works shall be provided for the purpose of delivering
foam solution to an a rea clo se to the room concerned.

(2) In situations where such rooms have access openings along a fire engine accessway, provision of foam
solution inlets and outlets is not requi re d.

b. Breeching inlet

A two-way breechin g inlet shall be p rovide d at ground level with pipe run of minimum 100mm bore, terminating wi th a
landin g valve just outside the high fire risk room. The provision of the breeching inl et shall comply with the relevant
clauses of SS 575.

6.2.8 Hose reels

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2021

a. Provision
 (1) Hyd rau lic hose reel (s) co nforming to the requirement s in SS 575 shall be provided for every storey of every
buildi ng re ga rdless of buildi ng heig ht.

(2) W here a ro of level is a non -h abita ble floor, fire hose reels shall be provided to cover the M&E plants/
equipm ent.

(3) Exemption

(a) PG I buildi ngs.

(b) Non -resid ential occupa n cy at the 1 storey of a mixed commercial -cum-residenti al buildi ng or single
st

storey standalon e build ing, which fulfils all of the followi ng conditions:

(i) AFA of the non -resid entia l unit does not exceed 150m ².

(ii) Individ ually compartment ed except for the parts of the unit fronting and within 3m from the
external space.

(iii) Not used as an eatin g e stablishment, or for storage of flammable materi als.

(iv) Not used as a pu blic ent ertainment outlet.

(v) Not bel ongi ng to PG VI or VIII buildings.

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(vi) Not used as a do rmitory, hostel, etc. where sleepi ng risk is involved.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(c) Other stand alon e buil din gs as follows:

(i) Singl e-storey guard hous es.

(ii) Bin centres.

(iii) 2 2kV (and lo wer) electri cal substations.

(iv) Open -side d sheds (excluding those for PG VI and VIII usages) with AFA not exceeding
200m an d ope nin gs that constitute not less than 80% of the perimeter wall area (measured along the
2

roof eaves).

(v) Domestic water sup ply, rainwat er, wastewater, sewage pumpi ng stations with AFA not exceeding
300m .2

(vi) Roof level of singl e storey buildings with roof height not more than 12m or inaccessible pitched
roof up to 2 4m from gra de le vel used solely for roof -mounted PV installations in accordance
with Cl.10.2.1 b.(1 ) .

(vii) Roof level of a n extern a l/ open -sided overhead bri dge/ shed/ linkway/ walkway wi th clear width
less than 6m, roof heig ht not more than 12m and used solely for roof -m ounted PV installations in
accordance wit h Cl.10.2.1 b.(1).

(d) Mezzanin e floor of factory unit, subject to compliance with Cl.9.6.1a.(2) , and provided the coverage
distance of the nea rest hose reel at the main floor to the most remote point of the mezzanine floor does
not exceed 36m (3 0m hose path an d 6m throw).

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b. Size and type

The hose shall b e of 20mm or 25mm nomin al diamet er and conform to EN 694, shall not exceed 30m in length and
terminate in “shut -off” b ra nches with 4mm or 6mm nozzles.

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c. Water suppl y

Water supply for hose re els in terms of flow rate and minimum runni ng pressure shall comply with the requi rements
in SS 575.
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d. Siting and installation

(1) Siting and det ails of installation fo r hose reels shall comply with the requirement s in SS 575.

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(2) Hose re els shall be sited in promin ent and accessible locations within a distance of 5m from the exit door
but not inside exit staircases. If there are parts of the fl oor space that are beyond the 36m coverage (30m hose
path an d 6m throw) of the h ose r eel, ad ditional hose reels shall be provided at the common area or at a
distance of not more tha n 5 m from the exit access door of a room.

(3) Hose re els located within a room shall not be used for covering the areas outside the room.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

e. Piping

The use of coppe r or stainle ss steel piping is permissible for the connection of the hose reels to the PUB mains

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6.2.9 Graphical symbols

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Grap hical symbols to depict fire safety equipment a re all owed for use in buil dings provided the signs comply with SS 508.
The Table 6.2.9 shows the d ifferent sizes of the graphical symbol with respect to the viewing distance.

TABLE 6.2.9 SIZES OF GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS

Viewing Distance 0 to 6m > 6 to 9m > 9 to 12m 12m or more

Minimum height of symbol (Z=100) 60mm 90mm 120mm 150mm

Note:

The luminous factor (Z=100) from SS 563 is used to determine the size of the sign. It essentially dictates the size of the sign that varies with distance. The graphical symbol for firefighting
equipment shall be sized such that the height and width are same. The size of symbol is not inclusive of borders.

CLAUSE 6.3 - ELECTRICAL FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

6.3.1 General

a. PG III to VIII occupancies

(1) Every buil ding o r pa rt of a buildi ng, except that of PG I or II (residential floors), having a total floor area of
more than th at specified in column (3 ) of Tabl e 6.3A havi ng regard to the purpose group of the buil ding or part
of the buildi ng, shall be inst alled with a fire alarm system, either of the automatic or manual type as indicated
in column (4 ), which shall be an electrically supervised system complying with the requirements of the SS 645.
The fire al arm system shall be connected to the SCDF’s Operations Cent re through an approved al arm
monitorin g company if req uired und er Cl. 6.3.8.

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

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(2) Notwithstandi ng Cl.6. 3.1 a.(1) a bove, if the total floor area per storey of a 2 to 4 storey buildi ng of any of the
PG III to VIII exceeds the sizes as stipulated in column (2) of Table 3.2A , the buildi ng shall be provided with an
automatic fire ala rm system.

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b. PG II mixed occupancy

For PG II mixed occupancy buildi ngs whe re an automati c sprinkler system and/ or electrical fire alarm system is
provide d to the no n-resident ial part of the b uilding:
 Effective Date: 1 June 2020

(1) Ala rm sounde rs shall be able to produce a minimum sound level of 65dBA, or 5dBA above the ambient noise
level, whichever is greate r b ut not more than 120dBA, at all parts of the followi ng areas:

(a) the non -resid ential u nits;

(b) the common a re as of the non -residential floors; and

(c) the common areas of the immediate two residential fl oors above the non -residenti al floor.

(2) Conn ection of the fire al arm system to an approved alarm monitoring company stipulated under Cl.6.3.8 is
not req uire d if the numb er of non -reside ntial floors is not more than one storey.

c. Dormitories

For do rmitories, includi ng workers' do rmitories, an el ectrical fire alarm system shall be provided as follows:

(1) Fo r single storey d ormito ry buildin gs, manual fire alarm system is to be provided t o comply with SS 645.

(2) Fo r do rmitories exceedi n g one storey, both automatic and manual fire al arm systems shall be provided to
comply with SS 645.

d. The followi ng a re not req uire d to be provided with electrical fire alarm system:

(1) Roof level of single store y buildings with roof hei ght not more than 12m or i naccessible pitched roof up to
24m from gra de level used solely for roof -m ounted PV installations in accordance with Cl.10.2.1b. (1).

(2) Roof level of an exte rnal / open -sid ed overhead bri dge/ shed/ linkway/ walkway wi th clear width less than
6m, roof height n ot more th an 12m an d used solely for roof -mounted PV installations in accordance
with Cl.10.2.1 b.(1 ).

6.3.2 Fire alarm panel

a. An electrical fire ala rm system of the automatic or manual type shall be provided with a fire al arm panel to
indicate the locatio n of the a larm which h as been actuated or operat ed. Such an alarm panel shall be accurate to the
maximum allowed al arm g ro up area limitations specified in SS 645.

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b. The associated control a n d supervisory eq uipment, indicating equipment, wi ring and arrangement of power
supplies for the fire ala rm panel shall comply with the requirements in SS 645.

c. All automatic systems which are activated via the general building alarm shall be connected di rectly to the fire
alarm pa nel.

d. The fire ala rm pan el shall be located ne ar the mai n entrance of the buil ding, in the Fire Command Centre (F CC),
in the gua rdh ouse o r in the f ire lift lobby.

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e. Sub fire ala rm pane l, whe re provided, shall comply wit h the requirements in SS 645 be located at the fire lift
lobby, smoke-free lo bby, or protected staircase, in that order of pri ority, or at the m ain poi nt of entry into the area
covered by the ala rm zone.

6.3.3 Manual alarm call points

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a. In a manual al arm system, except as otherwise exempted in Cl.6.3.1, the manual call points shall be provided on
every storey of the buildin g or pa rt of the buildi ng and shall be so located that no person need travel more than 30m
from any position withi n the buildi ng to activate the alarm.

b. Manual call poi nts shall be located on exit routes pref erably next to hose reels and in particul ar on the floor
landin gs of exit staircases and at exits to the street. In the case where an automatic fire alarm system is provided,
grou ping fo r indicatio n of location of the manu al call poi nts shall comply with the requirements in SS 645.
 c. Manual call points shall b e located between 800mm and 1.2m above the finished f loor level and shall be locat ed at
easily accessible and conspicuous positions free from obstructions. The installation of the sounding device shall be
in accordance with SS 645.

d. Exemption

Manual call poi nts can be o mitted for the followi ng:

(1) car p arks, rega rdl ess whether the parking facility is standalone type or forms part of a building;

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(2) o pen -to-sky roof ga rde ns/terraces, provided an alarm sounder is extended to this level and positioned near
the exit staircase except for developme nts where fire al arm system is not required; and

(3) mezzanin e floor of factory unit, subject to compliance with Cl.9.6.1a.(2) and provi ded no person on the
mezzanine floor need to travel more tha n 30m to activate the nearest manual call poi nt located on the mai n
floor.

e. Manual call poi nt shall be provide d for buil dings protected with an automatic fire s prinkler system or automatic fire
alarm system.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

6.3.4 Automatic fire alarm

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Where an aut omatic fire alarm system is required by this Code, the type, location, spacing and i nstallation of the
detectors shall comply with the re quirements in SS 645.

6.3.5 Alarm device

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a. General

(1) Th e ala rm device, which should no rmally issue an audible or visible signal, unl ess specifically allowed or
requ ire d othe rwise by the SCDF, shall be actuated if the electrical fire alarm system is activated or operated.
The type, numbe r and locati on of the ala rm device shall comply with the requirement s in SS 645.

(2) All soun ders an d visual a larm signals in the building shall be actuated simultaneously in the event of an
activation. Howeve r, in cases permitted or requi red by the SCDF where the operation of alarm sounders are
grou ped or activated in stag es, the arra ngement shall comply with the requirements in SS 645.

b. Audio alarm

The fire al arm sound er shall have a sound that is readily distinguishabl e from any ot her al arm systems. In places of
entertai nment or are as whe re sound an d/or special effects lighting systems are installed, including KTV
kiosks/booths placed within buildi n g premises, the sound systems shall be electroni cally interlocked with the fire
alarm system to enable thes e systems to be automatically cut -off when the fire al arm system is activated.

Effective Date: 15 Mar 2021

c. Visual alarms

(1) Visual al arms shall be p rovided in a ddition to the audible alarms for buildi ngs protected by fire alarm
systems and separate visual alarm(s) shall be provided i n the followi ng:

(a) W here pe rsons with hea ring impai rment can be isolat ed, especially when they are not in their identified
locations, visual alarm(s) sh all also be provided:

(i) in toilets and i nside full -height partitioned cubicles;

(ii) car pa rk floors;

(iii) lift lobbi es; and

 (iv) in places of enterta inm ent, e.g., dance halls, gaming outlets, internet games cafes, arcades
whe re users use he adg ear t hat affect hearing or areas where sound and/ or special effects lighting
systems are installed.

(2) Visual al arms shall not b e used in place of audible alarms.

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

(3) Siting of visual ala rms

Visual alarms shall be locat ed togeth er with fire alarm sounder. Where they are not readily visible from areas
accessible to persons with h eari ng impai rment who may be in isolation, additional visual alarms shall be
provide d. The hei ght of the visual alarm s shall be between 2m to 3m above finished floor level.

(4) T echnical spe cifica tions

Visual alarms shall comply with all of the following requirements:

(a) Th ey shall take the form of a flashing beacon or strobe light for use in conj unction with the
conventional fire ala rm system.

(b) Th ey shall be clearly dist inguishable from any other v isual indicator used in the premises.

(c) They shall be la belle d wi th the word “Fire” of at least 15mm in height and letteri ng colour shall cont rast
with the backgro und.

(d) Th e flashing rate shall b e within 30 to 130 flashes per minute.

(e) Th e visual alarm sign al shall be in white or red.

(f) The flashin g of all visual alarm signals withi n a same space/ room shall be synchronised.

(g) Th e intensity of the light signal shall be sufficient to draw the attention of people in the vicinity.

6.3.6 Home Fire Alarm Device (HFAD)

Effective Date: 2 Mar 2020

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For individ ual residential uni ts under PG I or II, HFAD shall be installed in accordance with all of the following
requ ireme nts:

a. HFAD shall possess the followi ng featu res and compl y with all the requirem ents stated below:

(1) o perate on smoke detect ion technol ogy alone, or hav e a multi -sensor detector (a detector with multipl e
sensors built into the device ) with smoke detection capability;

(2) in dicator lig hts to inform users on the status/ condition of the device(s);

(3) temp ora ry silence/ reset feature to a ddress false alarms;

(4) al arm soun der with soun d level compliant with any standard listed in item (7);

(5) test button to all ow the d evice(s) to be tested/checked peri odically;

(6) to b e powere d by long -lif e built -i n battery (i.e., battery that lasts at least 10 years) with low battery alert
capability, or to be wi red to househ old electrical supply;

(7) d etector desig n to comply with any of the following st andards ( EN 14604, AS 3786, UL 217 );

(8) whe re two o r more HFADs are installed, all devices shall be interconnected (eit her wired or wirel essly) such
that when o ne of the HFADs is triggere d, all connected HFADs shall sound an alarm simultaneously
(see Dia gram 6.3.6 a.(8 ) ); an d

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(9) the HFAD shall be eit her:
 (a) listed by any accredite d certification body accepted by the SCDF, or

(b) listed by Un derwrite rs La borat ories (UL), or

(c) listed und er the ActivFire Scheme, or

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(d) CE marke d with certificat ion from approved 3rd party Notified Bodi es, or

(e) listed u nde r BSI Product Directory.

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b. Additional in dep end ent fu nctions to enhance the operation of the HFAD may be included as optional features
(Such as connection to smart home systems, remote controls, visual alarms, vibrating pads, etc.) of the HFAD, given
that the req uirem ents indicat ed in Cl.6.3.6 a. are met.

c. Table 6.3.6 states the minimum number of HFAD requi red for different home types, as well as the locations in
which the detecto rs shall be installed.

TABLE 6.3.6 MINIMUM NUMBER OF HFAD TO BE INSTALLED FOR DIFFERENT HOME TYPES
Home type Number and location of detectors (Also refer to Diagram 6.3.6 c. - 1 & 2)
Single storey homes:

(1) Minimum 1 smoke detector

(1) HDB flats

(2) Installed along circulation area / escape route, e.g. living room, corridor
(2) Apartments/Condominium

(3) Optional: Additional detectors can be installed in other spaces for enhanced protection.
(3) Single storey landed dwellings

Multi-storey homes:
(1) Minimum 1 smoke detector per storey

(1) Landed/Non-landed dwellings

(2) For storeys with circulation area > 70m2, at least 2 smoke detectors need to be installed on that storey.

(2) HDB flats

(3) Installed along circulation area / escape route e.g. living room, corridor, and/or staircase landing

(3) Apartments/ Condominiums

(4) Optional: Additional detectors can be installed in other spaces for enhanced protection.

6.3.7 Alarm system for cinema

A theatre or cinem a shall be provide d with an el ectrical fire alarm system of the manual type complying with all of the
followin g:

a. The manual alarm system shall be installed in the lobbies and other areas adj oini ng the hall and shall be
connected to the SCDF Op erations Centre through an approved alarm monitoring company.

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b. Visual indicators and a udi ble sound ers shall be i nstalled in the projection room and in another room where a
designate d staff member can alert the a udie nce in case of a fire.

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c. The provision of the fire p rotection system in cinema which forms part of a building shall be similar to that of the
buildi ng.

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6.3.8 Connection to the SCDF Operations Centre

The electrical fire a larm system requi re d to be installed i n a buildi ng or premises under this clause shall be connected to
the SCDF Ope ratio ns Centre throug h an a pproved alarm monitoring company when the buildi ng or premises is:

a. a health care occupancy, hotel or ot her similar occupancies, or

b. an oil refin ery, oil de pot, gene ral ware house, chemical plant or other hi gh hazard f actory or premises, or

c. a theatre, cinema or conc ert hall as specified in Cl.6. 3.7, or

d. a buildin g re qui red u nde r the provisions of this Code t o be protected by an autom atic fire alarm (except those
exempted un der Cl.6.3.1b. ) or fire exting uishing system.

6.3.9 Sprinkler-protected building

 Effective Date: 1 Sep 2021

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Where sprinkle r system is required by this Code, p rovision of automatic thermal/ smoke detectors in sprinkler -protected
premises is exempted except where such det ectors are requi red to activate/ operate the sprinkler, engineered smoke
control system or other systems.

6.3.10 Exemption of automatic fire alarm protection

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

The followi ng a reas are exe mpted from automatic fire al arm prot ection in an automatic fire alarm building:

a. External ope n-side d linkways not exceeding 5m in width measured from eave to eave, provided these areas are
not for commercial activities or storage.

b. Areas which are covered with trellises, louvres or perf orated panels having 50% or more evenly distributed
effective free openi ngs. An alarm soun der and visual al arm shall be provided near the exit staircase in accordance
with SS 645.

c. Open-to-sky roof ga rde ns/ terraces located within PG II buildings or mixed -use residential buildi ngs, provided
there a re n o covered comme rcial activities/ spaces at the open -to-sky roof gardens/ terraces. When there is other
non-resid ential occupa ncy other than th e ope n -to -sky roof gardens/ terraces located within the same PG II buildi ng,
the alarm sou nde r and visua l alarm shall be extended to the open -to -sky roof gardens/ terraces and positioned near
the exit staircase in accorda nce with SS 645.

6.3.11 Video Image Fire Detection System (VIFDS)

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

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a. VIFDS shall be installed i n additio n to the electrical fi re alarm system for buildi ngs which meet all of the following
conditions:

(1) It is an unman ned b uildi n gs belongi ng to PG III to VIII.

(2) It has an inte rnal ope n space of more than 2000m or a ceiling height of more than 12m.
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(3) It req uires the provision of automatic fire alarm system in accordance with Table 6.3A .

b. VIFDS shall comply with SS 645 and can be used to complement smoke, heat and flame detectors in an el ectrical
fire ala rm system.

c. It shall be connected to th e SCDF Ope rations Centre t hrough an approved al arm m onitori ng company. Alarm
signals and live video ima ge s of fire and/or smoke captured shall be transmitted to the approved alarm monit oring
company upon activation of the buildi ng fire alarm system.

6.4 FIRE SPRINKLER INSTALLATION

6.4.1 Provision

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2021

Every storey/ room of a buil ding, unl ess otherwise exem pted by this Code, shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler
system under the foll owi ng situations:

a. Compartment size

Wheneve r compartme ntation requi reme nts under T able 3.2A of Chapter 3 of this Code cannot be complied with.

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b. Buildings other than PG I and II

Every storey of buildings of more than 24m in habitable height, except for PG I and II, regardless of whether the
compartmentatio n re quireme nts are complied wit h.
 c. PG II mixed occupancy

(1) Fo r PG II mixed occupancy buildings exceeding 24m in habitable height, the non -residenti al parts shall be
protected by an a utomatic sprinkle r system if they:

(a) comprise more tha n one storey, or

(b) a re locate d above th e first storey.

(2) Fo r PG II mixed occupancy buildings regardl ess of habitabl e height, the non -resi dential parts shall be
protected by an a utomatic sprinkle r system if they are not compartmented from the basement storeys.

(3) Fo r no n-residenti al pa rts where sprinkler prot ection is not requi red under sub -clauses (1) & (2) above, an
automatic fire ala rm system shall be provided for the non -residential parts in accordance with Cl.6.3.1b.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

d. Basement

(1) All baseme nt storeys irre spective of compartment size, except for those used as PG I or II, shall be
provide d with a n automatic sprinkle r system. Where the upper storeys of the buildi ng are fully compartmented
from the basement storeys, the re quirement for provision of an automatic sprinkler system for floors above the
basement shall be consid ere d separat ely and in accordance with Cl.6.4.1a. , b. and c.

(2) Exemption

(a) W here the baseme nt storey is effectively cross ventilated to prevent smoke loggi ng, the basement
storey can be exempted fro m providing an automatic sprinkler system.

(b) In the case of resid ential developments located over basement car parks, relaxation on the provision
of these sprinkler system and smoke purging systems to the basement car park can be granted if all of the
followin g conditio ns are met:

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(i) The b asement car p arkin g shall consist of one level only.

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(ii) External o pen ings shall be provided to achieve effective cross ventilation by means of evenly
distributed ve rtical openi ngs along the perimet er walls and evenly distributed voids over the
basement in such manne r th at:

• no po int within th e basement is more than 12m from any vertical opening or void for spaces
that are in b etwe en two openings or voids;

• no po int shall be mo re than 6m from any opening or void for spaces that are ventilated by
such openin g or void o n onl y one side; and

• such vertical openi ngs shall be at least 600mm in hei ght.

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(iii) Th e total agg reg ate are a of these voids and vertical openings shall be not less than 20% of the
total basement floo r are a.

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(iv) An automatic fire ala rm system shall be provided for the basement car parks with extension of
alarm bel ls to the common/lobby areas of the upper storeys in accordance with Cl.6. 3.1a. and b.

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e. Atrium space

A fire sprinkler system shall be provided fo r an atri um space not exceeding 18m in height. For an at rium with ceili ng
height exceedi ng 1 8m (in wh ole or in part ), water monitor, deluge and/ or extended -throw spri nkler systems shall be
provide d to cover the enti re atrium spa ce.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

f. Exemption of sprinkler p rotec tion

(1) All of the follo wing are as are exempted from sprinkler protection in a sprinkler -protected buildi ng:
 (a) Co ver ed are as

Areas which are covere d wit h trellises, louvres or perforated panels, which have 50% or more evenly
distributed effective free o p enings. An alarm sounder and visual alarm shall be provi ded near the exit
staircase in accordance wit h SS 645.

(b) Ar eas under roo f -moun ted PV installations on non -habitable roo f

Each sub-array of PV installation shall not exceed 5m in width, with maintenance ais le of minimum 400mm
width in bet wee n the sub -arrays. Each sub -array shall be open -sided wit hout any commercial activities or
storage with in these a reas. The maximum dimensi ons of PV arrays shall be in accordance
with Cl.10.2.1 d. .

(2) All of the follo wing are as not located within PG VI or VIII buildings are exempted from sprinkler protection i n
a sprinkler -p rotected bui ldin g:

(a) Canopies/ ca r porches

(i) Such areas are to b e use d solely for the purpose of passengers pick -up and drop -off.

(ii) The re shall b e no comme rcial activities or storage wit hin these areas.

(iii) Cut -off sprinkle rs and fire -rated walls are not required to be provided to separate the sprinkler -
protected a nd no n -sp rinkler -protected areas.

(b) Exte rnal corridor

External corri dors shall n ot exceed 4m in width, and there shall be no commercial activities or storage
within these a reas.

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(c) Ex ternal/ open -sided linkways

External/ open -side d linkwa ys shall not exceed 5m in width, and there shall be no commercial activities or
storage with in these a reas.

(d) Open -to- sky roo f garde ns/ terraces

Open -to-sky roof gardens/ terraces provided there are no covered commercial activities/ spaces at the
open -to-sky roof ga rde ns/ terraces and positioned near t he exit staircase in accordance with SS 645.

6.4.2 Standard

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Installation of the sprinkle r system and its associated water supply, and control and testing requirem ents shall comply
with the SS CP 52.

6.4.3 System design

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a. Connection to th e SCDF Operations Centre

The sprinkle r system shall be electrically monitored so that on the operation of any sprinkler head, the fire signal is
automatically transmitted to a fire station thro ugh an approved al arm monitoring com pany.

b. Fire pumps

Installation of fire pum ps for sprinkler systems shall comply with requirem ents of SS CP 52. Sprinkler pumps shal l be
installed withi n a fire compa rtmented fire pump room, whose fire rating shall be in accordance with Table 6.4A . The
sprinkler p ump ro om floor le vel shall not be lower than the main floor level.

c. Sprinkler control valve

The sprinkle r control valve(s ) shall be locate d in one of the followi ng areas:

(1) Facin g an external space within a travel distance of 10m from entrance to the FCC.
 (2) Withi n a fire lift lob by/ smoke -free l obby.

(3) Withi n a sprinkle r pump room.

(4) Withi n a 1-hr fire-rated e nclosure, located at most 10m travel distance from the entrance to the exit
staircase.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

d. Location plan

A floor plan sho wing th e locations of the sprinkler tank room, sprinkler pump room, breeching inlets and cont rol
valves shall be promine ntly displayed withi n the FCC. In the absence of the FCC, the floor pl an shall be l ocated in
the followi ng orde r of prio rit y:

(1) wit hin the g uard house, or

(2) n ext to the main fire ala rm panel.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

6.4.4 Special purpose rooms

a. Where a build ing is re quired to be p rovide d with an automatic sprinkler system under this Code, parts of the
buildi ng which a re use d for purp oses stipulated in Table 6.4A shall be compartmented in accordance with columns
3(a ) and 3 (b ) of the table.

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b. Where a build ing is not re quired to be p rovided with an automatic sprinkler system under this Code, special
purp ose ro oms stipulated in Table 6.4A shall be compart mented in accordance with c olumns 2(a) and 2(b).

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c. For the protection of com munication ne rve centres, data process centres and process control rooms composing of
high value comp uters or tel e communication equi pment, if automatic sprinklers are to be replaced by an automatic
fire extinguishi ng system, the enclosure to th e hazard or occupancy shall comply with the followi ng:

(1) it shall be constructed to have 1 -h r fire resistance rat ing;

(2) a ny door ope ning shall b e protected with a 1 -hr fire door;

(3) it shall not b e provided with more than two exits;

(4) the direct travel distance to any exit door of the encl osure shall not exceed 15m; and

(5) the fi re extinguishi ng system shall use clean agent and shall conform to Cl.6.5. 2.

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6.4.5 Car park

In multi -storey buildi ngs und er PG II to VIII with an abov eground car park, the provision of fire protection and smoke
control systems for the car p ark shall be in accordance with Table 6.4B .

6.4.6 Water mist systems

Water mist systems can be permitted as a substitute for automatic sprinklers in spri nkler -protected buildi ngs, provided all
of the followin g re qui rement s are complied with:

a. The wate r mist system shall be of a prop riety design t hat has been tested to meet the performance requirements
of a standard acceptable to t he SCDF.

b. The design a nd installati o n of water mist system shall conform to NFPA 750 or AS 4587.

c. The components of the water mist system shall be listed by a recognised testing l aboratory.

6.4.7 Reduced water storage for automatic fire sprinkler system

This reduced water storage i s only applicable to existing buildi ngs of habitable hei ght not exceeding 60m, and whi ch have
a hazard classification of Ordina ry Hazard G rou p I, II or III under SS CP 52. It shall not apply to new buildings, any
buildi ng ho using storag e ris ks and chemical processes.

a. Design consider ations

(1) T ank sizing

The minimum wate r storag e capacity of the sprinkler tank shall be capable of providi ng adequat e water supply
for 30 mins of the sprinkle r pump op eration.

(2) Sys tem with reliable inflow

For sprinkle r systems with a constant reliabl e inflow from the town mains to repl eni sh the sprinkler tank, the
effective tank storage cap acity for the various hazard categori es shall be as follows:

TABLE 6.4.7a.(2): EFFECTIVE TANK CAPACITY FOR RELIABLE INFLOW OF NOT LESS THAN 1.0m3/min, & WATER INLET POINT AT REDUCED LEVEL OF 125m OR BELOW
Occupancy group System demand** Minimum effective capacity of storage tank, or 30 mins’ storage, whichever is greater
OH1 540 L/min 12.5m3
OH2 1000 L/min 25.0m³
OH3 1350 L/min 37.5m³

Note:

** = the upper limit in column 6 of Table 17 of SS CP 52

(3) Sys tem with unreliable inflow

For sprinkle r systems with an unreliabl e inflow from the town mains to replenish the sprinkler tank, the effective
tank storage capacity for the various hazards categories shall be as follows:

TABLE 6.4.7a.(3): EFFECTIVE TANK CAPACITY FOR UNRELIABLE INFLOW OF LESS THAN 1.0m3/min, OR WATER INLET POINT AT REDUCED LEVEL GREATER THAN 125m
Occupancy group System demand** Minimum effective capacity of storage tank, or 30 mins’ storage, whichever is greater
OH1 540 L/min 16.2m3
OH2 1000 L/min 30.0m³
OH3 1350 L/min 40.5m³

Note:

** = the upper limit in column 6 of Table 17 of SS CP 52

(4) Pipe sizing

Full hydra ulic calculation me thods shall be adopted for the design of the spri nkler system pipework. The
sprinkler d esign must ensure that the flow does not exceed the system demand as stipulated in T able
6.4.7a.(2 ) an d Table 6.4.7a. (3) , throug hout the install ation. The flow and pressure li mitations can be overcome
by employing constant flow pressure red ucing valves or by including orifice plates at connections to main
distribution pipes.

b. Water supply

(1) Size of incoming mains

The pipe size of the re ple nishing water mains to the spri nkler storage tank shall not be less than 150mm in
diameter. Hyd rants, hose re els and external drenchers shall not be connected to the sprinkler system or draw
from the sprinkle r wate r sup ply.

(2) Inlets to sto rage tank

The inlets to the storag e tan k shall be fitted with a non -modulating type of pilot float valve listed by the
autho rity having jurisdiction.

Effective Date: Immediate

6.4.8 Combined firefighting water tank for sprinkler and wet riser systems

Effective Date: 15 Sep 2020

 a. Combini ng firefig hting wat er tank for sprinkler and wet riser systems is permitted for buil dings of ordinary hazard
category classification provided thei r designs comply wit h the provisions stipulated in SS CP 52 and SS
575, resp ectively.

b. The wate r storage sh all b e based on th e larger water storage demand of the systems.

c. Separate pump sets shall be provided to all ow for the simultaneous operati on of the sprinkler and wet riser
systems.

d. The combined systems’ sprinkle r riser a nd wet riser stacks shall not be interconnected by sprinkler system piping
or a single riser that serves both systems.

6.5 FIXED AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

6.5.1 Installation

Installation of any fixed auto matic fire extinguishing systems which are not deemed t o be required by this Code shall not
be accepted as substitute of any provision stipulate d in this Code unless otherwise approved by the SCDF. Such systems
will be conside red additio nal protection for pro perty safety and their installati on shall not adversely affect the perf ormanc e
of the stipulated systems.

6.5.2 Design standard

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The design a nd installati on of such automatic fire extinguishing systems shall comply with corresponding Codes of
Practice acceptable to the SCDF.

6.6 LIFTS

6.6.1 General

All lift installations and ope rations shall comply with SS 550.

6.6.2 Lift well ventilation

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Lift well shall be vente d in a ccordance with SS 550.

6.6.3 Emergency power supply

a. Emergency powe r supply for lightin g, ventilation and alarm systems for all lifts shall comply with the requirements
in SS 550.

b. A standby generating pl a nt shall be provided for: (1) homing of lifts during an em ergency for:

(1) h oming of lifts durin g an emerg ency for:

(a) PG II buildin gs with priva te lifts or that which exceed the habitable height of 60m;

(b) mixed -use resid ential b ui ldings where the lifts serve the residential and/or non -residential floor(s);

(c) PG III to VIII buildings exceeding four storeys; and

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(d) all basement occupa ncie s (excluding PG I buildings or basements within single househol d dwelling
houses classified as cluster housing within PG II developments).

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023

 (2) o perating of the foll owin g lifts during an emergency:

(a) fire lifts;

(b) PWD evacu ation lifts for buildi ngs exceeding four storeys and buil dings which require the provision of
such lifts; and

(c) fire escape b ed lifts.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

c. The power sup ply to the lift shall be connected to a sub -main circuit exclusive to the lift and be independent of
any other mai n or sub -main circuits. The power cabl es serving the lift installation shall be routed through an area of
neglig ible fire risk .

6.6.4 Fire lift

a. General

(1) Th e installation of the fire lift shall be in accordance with SS 550.

(2) Th e fire lift(s) shall b e containe d withi n a separate protected shaft. Alternatively, the fire lift(s) can be
contained within a common protected shaft containi ng ot her lifts, provided such other lifts are served at each
storey by the fire lift lobby.

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(3) Th e fire lift shaft shall be continuous throughout the building and serve every storey except a non -habitable
roof.

(4) A lift mainly intende d for the transpo rt of goods shall not be designated as a fire lift.

(5) Cargo lift shall not ope n into a fire lift lobby.

(6) In the case of motor -ro o m-less fire lifts, the fire lift control panel enclosure located at the fire lift lobby shall
be compartment ed with a fire -rated do or of same rati ng as the lift shaft.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

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b. Number of fire lifts

(1) With th e exception of PG I and II buildings, all other buildi ngs shall be provided with at least two fire lifts if
the habita ble h eight exceed s 24m.

(2) Fo r PG II buildings, at le ast one fire lift shall be provided if the habitabl e height exceeds 24m. In the case
of super hig h-rise (a bove 40 storeys) residential buildi ngs, at least two fire lifts shall be provided.

(3) All buil dings, except PG I, shall also be provided wit h at least two fire lift if the depth of the basement
exceeds 9m below the avera ge grade level.

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c. Acce ssibility and cov era ge

(1) A fire lift shall be locate d such that the travel distance between the nearest edges of the lift landing door
and exit staircase doo r is not more than 5m. In additi on, the exit staircase shall be approached through a fire
lift lobby at each storey.

Exception:

(a) For the final discharg e of exit staircase at ground level for PG II buildings, the travel distance between
the nea rest edge of the fire l ift landing d oor and exit staircase door can be extended to at most 10m. Where the
travel distance between the nearest edge of the fire lift landing door and exit staircase door exceeds 5m,
additio nal signa ge shall b e d isplayed prominently at the fire lift lobby to indicate the l ocation of exit staircase
door. This exception is not a pplicable to PG II mixed occupan cy buildi ngs.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023

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 (2) Th e fire lift shall be locat ed such that any part of every storey shall be accessible by firefighters from the
fire lift.

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(3) Rega rdl ess of whether th e buildi ng is installed with an automatic sprinkler system, the number of fire lifts
requ ire d shall be such that a ny part of a storey of the bui lding is within 60m coverage from the fire lift door,
subject to the provision of at lea st two fire lifts in accordance with Cl.6.6.4b.(1) & (3) .

d. Fire lift switch

(1) Th e ope ratio nal featu res of the fire lift shall be provided in accordance with SS 550, including the provision
of a fire lift switch.

(2) A fire lift switch shall be provide d at both the designated and alternate designated floors.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

6.6.5 Evacuation lift

a. General

Evacuation lifts shall be pro vided for evacuation of occupants requiring assistance during an emergency. The
requ ireme nts stipulated he re in shall be ap plicabl e to all, except PG I and II, buildings:

(1) excee ding 2 4m in habit a ble hei ght, or

(2) accessible to PWDs, except those stipulated under Cl.2.4.1a. .

b. Provisions

(1) Fo r buil dings p rovided wi th at least two fire lifts, one of the fire lifts can be used for the evacuation of
occupants, including PWDs.

(2) W here a fire lift serves the dual purpose of an evacuation lift for PWDs, it shall have a clear car pl atform
area of minimum 1.2m by 1.4m instead of 1.45m . For P G II buildings having more t han 40 storeys, the
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minimum clear car platfo rm size of the fire lift shall be at least 1.7m by 1.5m.

(3) Fo r buil dings with out a fire lift, at least one of the passenger lifts shall be designated as a PWD evacuation
lift.

(4) All passeng er lifts in buil dings exceeding 24m in habi table hei ght shall be designed for use together with
the fire lifts so as to speed up occupant evacuation.

c. Communication

(1) A lift monitorin g system shall be provided within the FCC. It shall monitor the floor location of the lift,
direction of travel, status with respect to occupation, bot h the norm al and em ergency power supplies to the
lifts, and activation of a fire alar m withi n the lift shaft or lift motor room or lift lobby. Provision to manually
overri de the lift shall be inst alled in the F CC for use by t he firefighters/ CERT if required.

(2) A voice communication system shall be provided in t he buil ding.

(3) An inte rcom system in the lift car shall be provided f or communication between the lift operator and the
FCC.

(4) CCTV cameras shall be i nstalled at lift lobbies to facilitate situational awareness for the authorised
person nel ove rseein g the evacuation at the FCC or 24 -hourly manned station. Alternatively, a suitable means of
communication to call for assistance d uring a fire can be provided between the protected lobby and FCC or any
24-h ou rly manned station. It can be in the form of a distress button or voice communication.

(5) Th e means of communication shall be:

(a) locate d between 8 00mm and 12 00mm above ground l evel;

(b) a pprop riately lab elled;

(c) provid ed with p romin entl y displayed clear instruction signage on its operation; and
 (d) when activated, gene rate a clear visual indication for the person requesting for assistance to know that
the distress signal has bee n relayed.

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d. Evacuation switch

(1) A switching device, similar to the fire lift switch, shall be installed next to each evacuation lift landing door
on the desig nated flo or (and the altern ate designated floor, if provided) for persons authorised by the buildi ng
owne r or firefighte rs to activate the evacuation mode of th e lift.

(2) Unde r the evacuatio n mo de, the lift operation shall be similar to the firefight ers service operation as
stipulated in the SS 550.

(3) Th e switching device sha ll be house d in a breakabl e glass -fronted box marked “Evacuation Switch”.

e. Signage

(1) Fo r buil dings p rovided wi th a PWD evacuation lift, a prominent sign marked “Evac uation Lift” shall be
affixed onto the wa ll adjace n t to the lift door at every landing of the evacuati on lift.

(2) Th e size of the letters shall not be less than 25mm in height.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

f. Protected lobby

(1) Evacuation lifts shall be located within a prot ected lobby such as a smoke -free lobby, external exit
passageway or extern al corridor.

(2) Fo r buil dings not exceed i ng 4 storeys, the provision of a protected lobby for PWD evacuation lift is not
requ ire d. However, shoul d p assenger lifts be installed i n such buildings, these lifts shall be provided with a lift
evacuation switch for use by em erge ncy responders. If there is no protected lift lobby provided for the said
passenge r lifts, the PWD Holding Point shall be located i nside a protected exit staircase or along the external
corrid or.

g. Secondary eva cua tion lifts

(1) All passeng er lifts in buil dings exceeding 24m in habi table hei ght shall comply with all of the followi ng
requ ireme nts:

(a) A seconda ry evacuation switch (labelled accordi ngly) shall be provided at the FCC for each passenger
lifts.

(b) Power cabl es shall be ro uted through an area of negl igible fire risk.

(c) Close circuit television shall be provided at all lift lobbies.

(2) Th e passeng er lifts provi ded with a secondary evacuation switch need not be backed up by a secondary
source of supply for evacuat ion ope ratio n.

6.6.6 Homing of lifts

a. For buildings requiring fire alarm system

(1) In a fire emergency, whe n any one of the fire detecti on devices or fire al arm systems is activated, all the
lifts, including passenge r, service, designated fire and designated evacuation lifts, shall be brought to the
designate d floor (usually 1 storey). Otherwise, the lifts shall home to an alt ernate designated floor (if the
st

designate d floor is a fire flo or) a nd pa rk with the lift landing doors rem aining opened.

(2) Go ods lifts with automati c doors shall be similarly homed to the designated floor.

(3) Go ods lifts with manual doors shall b e homed if the doors are closed.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

b. For buildings requiring standby gen era ting plants

 (1) In the eve nt of powe r fail ure o r po wer int erruption in the buil ding, the supply to the lifts shall be
automatically switched over to the emerg ency power supply from the generating plant.

(2) Th e lifts shall be brou ght to the designated floor and park with the lift landing doors remaini ng open until all
the lifts have been broug ht d own to the d esignated floor.

(3) Th ere after, on e or mo re l ifts can resume operati on dependi ng on the capacity of the emergency generati ng
plant, in ad dition to the fire lift.

(4) Normal o pe ration of the lift shall be automatically reset on the return of normal power supply.

c. For buildings which do not require s tandby generating plants, and for buildings with standb y generatin g
plants but withou t automatic fire alarm or sprinkler system

(1) Fo r buil dings with out standby gen erati ng plants, the smoke/ heat detectors shall form part of the lift system
and shall b e connected to th e lift control panel to home t he lift under normal power upon activation. All lifts,
including hydra ulic lifts, sh all be provid ed with Automatic Rescue Device (ARD). The ARD shall permit the lifts
to move and pa rk at the nea rest lift landing floor with the lift/ landing doors open in the event of power failure.
Homing a ny of the lifts to a basement storey is not perm i tted.

(2) Smoke/ heat d etectors shall be p rovided at all lift lobbies such that all lifts serving the same lobby shall be
brou ght to the desig nated fl oor o r alternate designated floor upon activation of the detectors. For buildi ngs
without a fire alarm system, t he smoke/ heat detectors shall form part of the lift system and shall be connected
to the lift control pane l to ho me the lift under normal power upon activation.

(3) Th e above req uirem ents on homin g of lifts need not be appli ed to residential buildings under PG I or lifts
serving within sing le ho useh old dwelling houses classified as cluster housing withi n PG II developments.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023

d. For mixed developments comprising residential an d non -residenti al components

(1) All lifts which serve the residential a nd non -residential floors shall be required to home to the designated or
altern ate design ated floo r (if the designated floor is a fire floor) in the event of power failure and/ or fire. The
lifts shall be provided with seconda ry power supply from standby generating plant of sufficient capacity.

(2) W here the passeng er lift s serve only the residential f loors and by -pass the non -residential floors in a
protected shaft, the lifts shall be req uired to be install ed with Automatic Rescue Device (ARD), provided the
habitab le hei ght of the hig he st floor does not excee d 60m.

(3) W here the lifts serve the uppe r residential floors and the basement non -residenti al floor(s), including car
parks, the lifts shall be provided with em ergency power supply from a standby generating plant for homing to
the design ated floo r wh en th ere is a power fail ure i n the buildi ng. In a fire emergency, the lifts shall be brought
to the designate d floo r or alt ernat e designated floor (if the designat ed floor is a fire floor) when any of the fire
alarm systems in the basement non -residential floor(s ) is activated.

e. Requirements for altern ate de signated floor

(1) An alte rnat e design ated f loor (e.g., 2 nd

storey) shall be identified.

(2) Th e lifts shall be brou ght to the alternat e designated floor in the event of a fire at the designated floor.

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(3) Loc alised detecto rs

(a) L ocalised detecto r(s) sh all be provided to cover the lift landing space at the designated floor.

(b) Th e activation of any of the localised detectors or any other detectors or sprinklers covering the designated
floor shall cause all the lifts to be re -directed to home to the alternate designated floor.

(c) The localised d etector(s ) shall cover the area within at least 3m surrounding the l ift landing door opening.

(d) W here the lift landi ng is protected by a fire -rated enclosure, only the space withi n the enclosure is required
to be covered by localised d etector(s).

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(4) Th e alternative alte rnate floor shall have minimum fire hazard and pre -selected for the homi ng of passenger l ifts,
and wh ere peo ple can escap e to safety in an exit staircase or other exit from the lift landing door.
 (5) In b uildin g und er Cl.6.6.6c . which are not provided with sprinklers or automatic fire alarm system, suitable
sensors shall be provided at the ceiling level to cover the lift landing space. The activation of any sensor shall cause
the lifts to be re-di rected to home to the alte rnate floor.

(6) Th e above req uirem ents on homin g of lifts to an alternate designated floor need not be appli ed to standal one
open -sided ca r parks and re sidential buil dings under PG I.

6.6.7 Provisions for lift rescue

a. General

The followi ng requi reme nts shall apply to buil dings with blind lift hoist ways exceeding 11m, except for PG I
buildi ngs. They shall be re a d in conjunction with SS 550 .

b. Rescue hook s

(1) W hen the d istance betwe en consecutive lift landing doorsills is more than 11m but less than 18m
(see Dia gram 6.6.7 b.(1 ) – 1), rescue hooks complying wi th Cl.6.6.7b.(3) shall be provided at the underside of
the upp er lift landi ng do or h ead (see Diagram 6.6.7b.(1) – 2).

(2) Alternatively, these hook s shall be installed in the ceiling space directly above the upper lift landi ng door,
such that the heights of these hooks are not more than 3m above the finished floor level of that upper lift
landin g, and at a n app roxim ate di stance of 1m away from the lift shaft wall. The ceiling space shall be easily
accessible, and a sign shall be provided to indicate the l ocations of the rescue hooks (see Diagram 6.6.7b.(1) -
1& 2).

(3) Rescue hook desig n

Each rescue hook shall have pull -o ut strength of at least 1000kg (10kN) and a thickness of at most 14mm in
diameter. Th e clear space b etween th e hook and the em ergency door fram e shall not be less than 100mm, and
the spacing between th e two hooks shall be between 500 to 700mm. (see Diagram 6. 6.7b.(3) ).

c. Landing emergency doo rs

(1) W here the distance bet ween consecutive lift landing doorsills exceeds 18m, intermediate landing emergency
doors shall b e provid ed, such that the distance between sills is at most 18m. However, for adjacent cars fitted
with car emergency doo rs complying with Cl.6.6.7d. , intermediate l andi ng emergency doors are not requi red.

(2) Th e land ing eme rg ency doors shall conform to all of t he followi ng requi rements (see Diagram 6.6.7c.(2) ):

(a) Th e dimensio n of landi ng emergency doors shall comply with the requirements of SS 550.

(b) Th e dimensio ns of car emerge ncy doors shall compl y with the requi rements of SS 550.

(c) They shall be eith er of th e horizontally sliding or swi nging singl e -leaf type.

(d) Th ey shall be self -closin g and self -locking and shall be marked in l etters not less than 50mm high:
“DANGER, LIFT WELL ”.

(e) Th ey shall be provided with a landing door lock which can be unlocked only from the landing side
throu gh the use of a key. The lock shall not be unlocked by any key which will open any other lock or
device used for any othe r pu rpose in the buildi ng. Th e key shall be kept where it is accessible only to
autho rised pe rsons.

(f) Each doo r shall be p rovid ed with an electrical contact, the opening of which wil l render the lift
inope rab le.

(g) Two rescue h ooks complying with Cl.6.6.7b.(3) shall be provided at the underside of each emergency
door hea d. Alternatively, these hooks can also be installed in the ceiling space as stipulated
unde r Cl.6.6.7 b.(2 ) .

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

d. Car emergenc y doors

 (1) W hen car em erg ency do ors are provided in adj acent cars to permit the lift -to-lift rescue and evacuation
of passengers, the re is no li mit on the maximum allowable length of the blind lift hois t way. (See Diagram
6.6.7d.(1 ))

(2) W hen car em erg ency do ors are provided, all of the followi ng requi rements shall be complied wit h
(see Dia gram 6.6.7 d.(2 ) ):

(a) Th e ho rizontal distance between cars shall comply with the requirem ents of SS 550.

(b) Th e dimensio n of car emergency doors shall comply with the requi rements of SS 550.

(c) Car emerg ency doo rs shall be openable from outside the car without a key and from inside the
car using a key.

(d) Car eme rg ency doors sh all open towards the inside of the car.

(e) Car eme rg ency doors sh all not be located in the pat h of a counter -weight or in front of a fixed
obstacle (except for be ams separati ng the cars) prevent ing passage from one car to another.

(f) A portab le/ movable b ridg e or a bridge integrated i nto the car complying with the requi rements
of SS 550 shall be provided.

(g) Each car eme rge ncy doo r shall be provided with an electrical safety device, the opening of which
will ren de r the lift inope ra bl e. A safety feature to prevent the lift from operating when the bridging
plate or th e han dra il is depl oyed shall also be prov ided.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023

6.7 COLOUR SCHEME OF FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

6.7.1 Equipment, fixtures and fittings

The followi ng e quipme nt/fixtures/fittings for the fire prot ection systems shall be painted in red. For those equipm ent/
fixtures/ fittings not listed below, the colou r scheme shall be in accordance with that specified in the rel evant Codes of
Practice.

a. Fire sprinkler sy stem

(1) Fi re pump & contro l pan el

(2) Breeching i nlet (excludi n g bre eching inl et cabinet/ enclosure)

(3) Sp rinkler cont rol valve

(4) Sp rinkler water pro ofing system/ device

b. Electrical fire alarm sy s tem

(1) Mai n fire ala rm pan el/ cabinet

(2) Sub fire ala rm pan el/ cabinet

(3) Man ual call poi nt

(4) Visual al arm light h ousin g (Note: fire alarm bell need not be in red)

c. Private fir e hydran t

(1) W et pillar hyd ra nt (with yellow b and in accordance wi th SS 575)

(2) Dry pilla r hydra nt (wh ole hydrant in yellow)

 d. Wet/ dry rising mains

(1) Fi re pump & contro l pan el

(2) Breeching i nlet (excludi n g bre eching inl et cabinet/ enclosure)

(3) Dry riser b reechi ng inl et in yellow

(4) W et riser b reechin g inlet in red

(5) Risin g mains pipe

(6) L andi ng valve (except dry landing valve to be in yellow)

(7) Stand by hose cabin et/ enclosure

e. Hose re el sys tem

(1) Hose re el pump & contro l panel

(2) Hose re el drum (excludin g cabinet/ enclosure)

f. T otal flooding fire extinguishing system

Breathin g app aratus cabinet / enclosure

g. Emergency Voice Communication System

Handset/ cabin et/ enclosure

h. Fire extinguisher

Housing cabi net/enclosu re

(Note: Alternatively, red gra phic signage or red wordi ngs “Fire Extinguisher” of mini mum size 20mm shall be
provide d.)

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

6.7.2 Pipework, conduits, trunkings and cable trays

For fire p rotection systems pipewo rk, conduits, trunkings and cable trays which are not requi red to be pai nted in red, red
colour b ands of width n ot le ss than 20mm and labell ing shall be provided at an interval of not more than 6m apart.

6.7.3 Graphical symbols

Grap hical symbols to depict fire safety equipment a re all owed for use in buil dings provided the signs comply with SS 508.
Either graphic or text format can be used for the d esign of the signage. The Table below shows the different sizes of the
grap hical s ymbol with respe ct to the viewing distance.
6.8 REDUNDANCY FOR FIRE PUMPING SYSTEM

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

The pumpi ng system for wet rising mains, hose ree ls, sprinklers and hydrants shall be provided with redundancy such that
the system performance is not affected when o ne of the pumps and/ or the associated control system is out of operation
due to ro utine mai ntena nce or break -d own.

TABLE 6.3A
PROVISION OF FIRE ALARMS ACCORDING TO PURPOSE GROUP, HEIGHT & SIZE OF THE BUILDING
Purpose group Building type Total floor area per storey Type of fire alarm system
(1) (2) (3) (4)
PG I & II NR NR HFAD
Single storey building >400m2 Manual*
PG III to VIII (Without stay-in facilities) Building of 2 to 4 storeys >200m2 Manual*
Building of more than 4 storeys NR Automatic + manual

PG III to VIII Single storey building NR Manual**

(With stay-in facilities) Building of more than one storey NR Automatic + manual
Note :
NR = Not Relevant
* = Except otherwise exempted under Cl.6.3.3d.
** = Healthcare occupancy with patient accommodation ward, nursing home, convalescent home, home for the aged and hospice shall be provided with both automatic fire alarm system and
manual fire alarm system. See Cl.9.3.2b.(5)(b).
1. When there are 2 or more purpose groups in a building, the strictest requirement for any one of the purpose groups shall be applicable to the whole building.
2. Where PG II forms part of a mixed-use building, Cl.6.3.1b.(1) shall be followed and HFAD shall be provided in the residential units.
3. Where access control using smart card locking device, magnetic bar or electromechanical locking de- vice are installed at fire-rated door(s) of an exit staircase and smoke-free/fire lift lobby,
such devices shall be linked directly to the building fire alarm system or sprinkler system. Linking of the locking devices through other systems to the building fire alarm system or sprinkler
system is not permitted.

Diag ram 6.2.5a. (3) : Dutch roll folding method

Diag ram 6.2.5b. (1) : Dutch -rolled fire hose with cabi net
(surface-mounted or recessed)

Diag ram 6.3.6a. (8) : Hom e fire alarm system

Diag ram 6.3.6c. - 1: Location of HFAD installation in single storey home

Diag ram 6.3.6c. - 2: Location of HFAD installation in mul ti -storey home

Diag ram 6.6.7b. (1) – 1 : Lift landing sill to sill distance >11m but <18m

Diag ram 6.6.7b. (1) – 2 : Rescue hooks located at lift landing

Diag ram 6.6.7b. (2) – 1 : Rescue hooks located within lift landing ceiling space

Diag ram 6.6.7b. (2) – 2 : Rescue hooks located within lift landing ceiling space
 Diag ram 6.6.7b. (3) : Rescue hook design

Diag ram 6.6.7c.(2) : Landi ng emergency door

 Diag ram 6.6.7d. (1) : Car em ergency doors for lift -to -lift rescue

Diag ram 6.6.7d. (2) : Ca r em ergency doors - Deployment of bridgi ng plate

 TABLE 6.3A : PROVISION OF FIRE ALARMS ACCORDING TO PURPOSE GROUP, HEIGHT & SIZE OF THE BUILDING
Total floor area per
Purpose group Building type Type of fire alarm systems
storey
(1) (2) (4)
(3)
PG I & II NR NR HFAD
Single storey building >400m2 Manual*
PG III to VIII
(Without stay-in facilities) Building of 2 to 4 storeys >200m2 Manual*
Building of more than 4 storeys NR Automatic + manual
PG III to VIII Single storey building NR Manual**
(With stay-in facilities)
Building of more than one storey NR Automatic + manual

Note:
NR – Not Relevant
* Except otherwise exempted under Cl.6.3.3d.
** Healthcare occupancy with patient accommodation ward shall be provided with both automatic fire alarm system and manual fire alarm system. See Cl.9.3.2b.(5)(b).
1. When there are 2 or more purpose groups in a building, the strictest requirement for any one of the purpose groups shall be applicable to the whole building.
2. Where PG II forms part of a mixed-use building, Cl.6.3.1b.(1) shall be followed and HFAD shall be provided in the residential units.
3. Where access control using smart card locking device, magnetic bar or electromechanical locking device are installed at fire-rated door(s) of an exit staircase and smoke-stop/fire lift lobby,
such devices shall be linked directly to the building fire alarm system or sprinkler system. Linking of the locking devices through other systems to the building fire alarm system or sprinkler
system is not permitted.
TABLE 6.4A COMPARTMENTATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIAL PURPOSE ROOMS IN BUILDINGS
Non-sprinkler protected building Sprinkler-protected building
Usage Compartmentation Door
(1) Compartmentation Door rating Sprinkler
rating
(3a) (3b) (3c)
(2a) (2b)
Store room(1) 1 hr 1 hr N N S
AHU room(3) N N N N S
Kitchen(2) 1 hr 1/2 hr 1 hr 1/2 hr S
Boiler room (oil fired) 2 hr 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr S
Low voltage switch room B B B B Ex
High voltage switch room B B B B Ex
Transformer room 2 hr 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr S
Oil tank room 2 hr 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr S
Generator room 2 hr 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr S
A/C plant room 2 hr 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr S
Electric lift motor room 2 hr 2 hr 2 hr 2 hr Ex
Hydraulic lift motor room 2 hr 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr S
Essential fan room 2 hr 2 hr 1 hr 1 hr S
Electrical room 2 hr 2 hr 2 hr 2 hr Ex
Battery room(6) 2 hr 2 hr 2 hr 2 hr S(5)
Sprinkler/Wet riser tank room B B B B S
Fire pump room B B B B S
Fire Command Centre 2 hr 2 hr 2 hr 2 hr S

Telecommunication/ Non-essential equipment N N B B Ex

room(4) N N S
Note:
The fire resistance rating stipulated in this table shall be the minimum.
N = no specific requirement on compartmentation/ door rating.
B = compartmentation and door rating of the special purpose room shall not be less than the fire resistance of the elements of structure of the building where the room is located.
S = Sprinkler system has to be extended into such rooms.
Ex = Sprinkler system is exempted from the corresponding area provided the area is fitted with an automatic fire alarm system installed according to SS 645.
(1) = Requirements stated herein apply to store room which is required to be compartmentalised.
(2) = Requirements stated herein apply to kitchens in hotel, restaurant, coffee house or other similar places where the preparation of food is required. However, special considerations will be
given to the followings:
(a) kitchens where “open flame” cooking appliances are NOT used, or
(b) kitchens where all the cooking facilities are fitted with approved extinguishing systems.
(3) = Where AHU rooms are vertically stacked, each AHU room shall be separated by a compartment floor at every level. In the case of AHU serving more than one compartment, fire dampers
shall be provided in air ducts at penetration through the compartment wall and floors, see Cl.7.1.8.
(4) = Requirements stated herein apply to non-essential equipment rooms such as a PABX/MDF room, potable water tank/ pump, ejector room, Police Equipment Room (PER) or Electronics
Parking System (EPS) room etc.
(5) = Water mist system can be considered in lieu of conventional automatic fire sprinkler system.
(6) = This requirements of compartmentation shall apply to any room that is designated as a battery room or of Threshold Stored Energy exceeded the limits stated in Table 10.3.1. This does
not apply to battery used in consumer products such as laptop, phone, etc.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023

CLAUSE 7.1 - AIR-CONDITIONING AND MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEMS

7.1.1 General

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Where an ai r-con ditioni ng system is provided in lieu of a mechanical ventilation system for emergencies, all the
requ ireme nts specified in this Code for mecha nical ventil ation systems shall apply to the air -conditioning system.

7.1.2 Construction of ductwork

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Ducts for air -con ditioni ng an d mechanical ventilatio n systems shall be constructed in compliance with all of the f ollowi ng
requ ireme nts:

a. Materials

Air-conditio nin g or oth er ven tilation ducts, including fram ing thereof, shall be constructed of steel, aluminium, glass
fibre batt or min eral woo l ba tt or other a pproved materi al s.

b. Support

Air-conditio nin g or oth er ven tilation ducts shall be adequately supported.

c. Duct linings & cove rings

Duct covering an d linin g sha ll be non -combustible. However, if it is necessary to use combustible material, it shal l:

(1) when tested in accorda n ce with methods specified in this Code, have a surface fl ame spread rating of not
lowe r than Cl ass 1, except in are as of a building where Class 0 flame spreadi ng rating is requi red for the
ceiling construction un de r this Code, a Class 0 rating for the covering and lining materials shall instead be
requ ire d;

(2) when i nvolved in fire, g e nerat e a minimum amount of smoke and toxic gases; and

(3) b e at least 1m away from a fire damper.

d. Flexible joints and connections

(1) Flexibl e connectio ns at the ends of ventilation ductwork connecting termi nal units, extract units and
ventilation g rilles shall not e xceed 4m.

(2) Flexibl e joints, which are normally provided to prevent and/or all ow for thermal m ovements in the duct
system, shall not exceed 250mm in length.

(3) Flexibl e joints shall be m ade of materi al classified as ‘not easily ignitable’ when tested under BS 476: Part
5.

e. Duct enclo sure

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Enclosure of ducts shall comply with the req uirements in Cl.3.8.9a. .

f. Ductwor k through smoke -fre e or fire lift lobbies

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Ventilation d ucts should not pass through smoke -f ree or fire lift lobbies. Where unavoidabl e, the part of the
ventilation duct withi n the lo bby shall be enclosed i n masonry construction with fire resistance rating at least equal
to that of the elements of structure. If other forms of fire resisting construction are used, a fire damper shall be fitted
whe re the duct pe netrat es the lobby enclosu re.

g. Ductwork through sepa r ating walls

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No air -conditi onin g or ventil ation duct shall pe netrat e separati ng walls.
 h. Fire-rated duct

(1) W here propri etary fire -ra ted materials are used to construct the fire -rated duct, the fire rating of the fire -
rated d uct shall have the same perio d of fire resistance as the wall or floor it penetrates.

(2) Propri etary fire -rat ed du ct shall be tested to BS 476 Part 24 or equivalent and its usage be approved by the
SCDF.

(3) Runni ng of no n -fi re-rate d duct and/ or other buil ding services above the propriet ary fire -rated duct should
be avoide d. When unavoi da ble due to p hysical constraints, the supports to such non -fire-rated duct and/ or
other b uildi ng services runni ng above th e propri etary fire -rated duct shall be strengthened, such that the tensile
stress generate d on the sup ports shall not exceed 10N/ mm 2 . The non -fire -rated duct and/ or building services
shall also be ad equ ately pro tected to prevent collapse in a fire which will ot herwise affect the stability of the
prop rieta ry fire -rated duct below.

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(4) Fa ns forming p art of a fire -rated duct shall also be enclosed in the same fire -rated enclosure.

i. Control panel

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2021

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(1) Th e location a nd placem ent of control panels serving engineered smoke control and smoke purgi ng systems
shall be located within a co mmon space such that the panels are clearly visible and readily accessible for
operation a nd mainte nance. Control pan el shall be mounted at a height not less than 1.5m or not more than
1.8m from the finished floo r level.

(2) Fo r control pan els serving smoke purging systems, it shall be located at least 1.5m away from fire hazards
e.g. control pa nels for smoke purging system in carpark s sited away from vehicle parking lots. Alternatively, the
control pa nel shall b e prot ecte d with at least 1 -hr fire resisting rating enclosure.

7.1.3 Pipework

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Insulation for pi pework associated with the ai r -con ditioni ng and mechanical ventilation systems shall comply with the
followin g re quirements:

a. Flame spread rating

Insulation materi al for pi pework, togethe r with vapour barrier lining and adhesives shall, when tested in accordance
with the methods specified i n this Code, have a surface flame spread of not lower than Class 1. However, in areas of
buildi ngs whe re Cl ass 0 flame spread is re quired for the ceiling construction under this Code, a Class 0 rating for the
insulation mate rial shall b e requi red.

b. Plastic and foam rubber insulation

Notwithstandi ng the req uire ments of Cl.7.1.3a. , the use of plastic and foam rubber i nsulation materi als of a lower
classification is permitted if:

(1) it is of the self -extinguis hing type; and

(2) the i nsulation is covere d by or encased in a metal sheath or hybrid pl aster or ot her non -combustibl e
cladding mate rial,

provide d that any op enin g in the element of structure or other part of a buil ding penetrated by the pipework shall be
effectively fire -stopped by re placement of the insulati on material at the junction of penetration with fire resistant
material h aving eq ua l fire re sistance rating. A fire -rated proprietary pipework system can be used if it is tested in the
manne r acceptable to the S CDF.

7.1.4 Air plenum

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A concealed space between the ceiling an d floor above it , ceiling and roof, or raised floor and structural floor of a buildin g
can be used as a ple num provided:

a. The conceale d space contains only:

 (1) min eral i nsulated metal s heathe d cable, alumi nium sheathed cable, copper sheathed cable, rigid metal
conduit, enclosed metal trun king, flexible metal conduit, liquid tight flexibl e metal conduit in lengths not more
than 2m, or metal -cladde d cables;

(2) el ectric equipme nt that is permitted within the concealed spaces of such structures, if the wiring materi als,
including fixtures, are suitab le for the expected am bient t emperature to which they wil l be subjected;

(3) oth er ventilati on ducts complying with Cl. 7.1.2a. to d .;

(4) communicatio n cables fo r computers, television, telephone and i nter -communicat ion systems;

(5) fire protection installatio ns; and

(6) pi pes of non -combustible material conveying non -fl ammable liqui ds.

b. The suppo rts for the ceiling membra ne a re of non -combustible material.

c. Exception

Low-smoke and low -flame pl enum rate d PVC cables conforming to NFPA 262 can be run exposed in plenum,
provide d that:

(1) the plen um space is protected by a sprinkler system or gaseous total flooding system; and

(2) a FCU or AHU using a pl enum for ai r return and servi ng more than one room, is installed with smoke
detector(s) at the retu rn ai r plenum space to shut down the FCU/ AHU upon detection of smoke.

7.1.5 Fire Dampers

Any fire damper shal l have a fire resisting ratin g of not less than that required for the compartment wall or compartment
floor throug h which the relev ant section of the ventilation duct passes. Fire dampers shall be of the type approved by the
SCDF and constructed i n accordance with the re qui rements in SS 333.

a. Provision of fire damper s

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Ventilation d ucts which pass directly throug h a compartm ent wall or compartment floor shall comply with the following:

(1) whe re the ventilatio n duc t does not form a prot ected shaft or is not contained wit hin a protecting structure,
the duct shall be fitted with a fire damp er where it passes through the compartment wall or compartment floor;
and

(2) whe re the ventilatio n duc t forms a protected shaft or i s contained within a prot ecting structure, the duct
shall be fitted with fire d amp ers at the shaft inlets and outlets.

b. Installation of fire damp ers

(1) Fi re damp ers shall be i n stalled so that the casing completely penet rates through the compartment wall or
floor, and th e casing shall b e retain ed, either:

(a) o n both sides by means of flanges in such a manner that it can expand under fire conditions without
distorting the bl ades in the c losed position, or

(b) o n the accessible side b y means of one flange only, which can be fixed to the damper and to the wall
throu gh slotted hol es to allo w for expansion.

(2) Fla nges shall b e butted against the face of the compartment wall or floor and fix ed to the damper casing.

(3) Ductwork conn ected to the damp er shall be attached in such a manner as to ens ure that the damper
remains securely in p osition and is fully functional in the event of damage of ductwork.

(4) Th e clearance between t he damp er body and the sides of the penetration shall not be less than that of the
tested prototype a nd be n ot great er tha n half the wi dth of the angled section of the c ollar.

(5) Th e space between the d amper b ody and the opening in the wall or floor shall be fire -stopped.
 (6) Ve rtically positioned fire dampe rs shall be installed i n such a manner that the di rection of air flow assists in
the closure of the dam per.

(7) Conn ections to fire damp ers

The distance between th e pl ane throug h a closed fire damper and ducting, flexible c onnections, duct coverings,
intern al linin gs and the like, shall be

(a) n ot less than 1m when s uch parts are made of materials with fusing temperatures less than 1000 o C;

(b) n ot less than three times the diagonal or diameter of the damper; and

(c) not less than 2m whe n such parts are made of materials that are combustible, ex cept for vapour barrier
to provide th ermal insul ation .

(8) Fi re damp er insp ection a ccess doors

Each fire dampe r installatio n shall be provided with an inspection access door in the ventilation duct, either
upstream or downstream, as appropri ate. The access door dimension shall measure 450mm (length) X 450mm
(width ); for smaller d ucts, the doo r width dim ension can be reduced to the wi dth or depth of the duct. Access
doors shall b e hing ed a nd fitted with sash locks, and be constructed of minimum 1.25mm suitably braced sheet
steel. Openings in d ucts shall be stiffened by a sheet steel frame.

c. Prohibition of fire dampers

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Fire damp ers shall not b e fitted in any of the following locations:

(1) o peni ngs in walls of a smoke extract shaft, or a return air shaft which also serves as a smoke extract shaft,
or

(2) o peni ngs in walls of a p rotected shaft when the openings have a kitchen exhaust duct passing through it, or

(3) o peni ng in walls of a pro tected shaft when the openi ngs have a fume hood exhaust duct passing through it,
or

(4) a nywhe re in a n air p ressurising system, or

(5) in l ocations explicitly pro hibited in this Code.

d. Standards

Where a fire d amper is re qui red by this Code to be instal led in an ai r - conditioni ng and mechanical ventilation
system, its type, details of installation, connection of accessories, inspection door, etc., shall be in accordance
with SS 333.

7.1.6 Fire resisting floor ceiling and roof ceiling

a. The space above a suspe nded ceili ng which forms part of a fire -rated floor ceiling or roof ceiling construction
shall not contain d ucting, un less said ducting was incorporated in a prototype that qualified for the required fire
resistance rating, in whi ch case the ducting shall be identical to that incorporated i n the tested prototype.

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b. Openin gs in the ceiling, i ncluding o pen ings to enable the ceiling to be used as a plenum, shall be prot ected by fire
dampe rs identical to those u sed in the tested prot otype. Such openings in the ceiling shall be so arranged that:

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(1) n o ope ning is greate r in area th an that in the corresponding prototype test panel;

(2) the agg reg ate area of th e openi ngs per unit ceiling area does not exceed that of the prototype test panel;
and

(3) the proximity of any ope ning to any structural member is not less than that in the prototype test panel.

7.1.7 Locations of intakes and return air openings

 a. Openin gs for the intakes of outdoo r air to all air handl ing systems, mechanical ventilation systems, pressurisation
systems of exit staircases and internal corrido rs, and smoke control systems shall be no less than 5m from any
exhaust discharge o pen ings .

b. All return ai r op enin gs an d outdo or ai r intakes shall be located and arranged such that sources of ignition, such as
lighted matches and cig arett e butts, which accidentally enter the openi ngs and int akes cannot be deposited onto t he
filter media.

7.1.8 Air handling unit (AHU) room

a. Air plenums

Air handli ng systems shall not use protected shafts of exits, smoke -free lobbies, including its concealed space for
supply, exhaust or retu rn ai r plenums.

b. Compartmentation

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(1) W here the air han dling e quipme nt serves more than one compartment, fire dampers shall be provided i n air
ducts at penetratio ns throu g h the compartment walls and floors to comply with the requirements in Cl.7.1.5.

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(2) W here AHU ro oms are vertically stacked, each AHU room shall be separated by a compartment floor at
every level.

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c. Smoke detecto rs

(1) Smoke detectors of ap proved type shall be incorporated in the return ai r stream i mmediately adjacent to:

(a) AHUs serving more tha n one storey or compartment, or

(b) a singl e AHU in excess of 15000m³/ h.

(2) Th e function of smoke detectors, where required by this Code, is to initiate action to shut down the AHU
automatically whe n the smoke density in the return air system has become unacceptable for recycling.

d. Stop switch

Where the AHUs in a bui ldin g are n ot centrally controll ed, each AHU exceeding 8500m³/h shall be provided with a
manual stop switch to facilitate quick shutting down of the fan in the case of fire. For ease of access, this switch
shall be located o n the wa l l next to the door o peni ng of t he air handl ing equipment room.

7.1.9 Ventilation system for exits

a. Air plenums

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Protected shaft of exits, smoke -free lo bbies, includi ng their conceal ed spaces shall not be used for supply, exhaust
or retu rn ai r ple num of air h andlin g systems.

b. Exit stairca se and inte r nal exit pass agew ay

A mechanical ventilation system for each exit staircase and internal exit passageway, if provided, shall be an
indep end ent system of suppl y mode only exclusive to the particular staircase and internal exit passageway, and it
shall comply with all of the fo llowi ng re qui rements:

(1) Sup ply air for th e system shall be dra wn di rectly from the external space, with int ake point not less than 5m
from any exhaust discharg e openi ngs.

(2) Fo r exit staircase serving more tha n four storeys, supply air shall be conveyed via a vertical duct extending
throu gho ut the staircase hei ght and discharging through outlets distributed at alternate floors.

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(3) W here the supply air duct serving the exit staircase has to penetrat e the staircase enclosure, the portion of
the duct whe re it traverses o utside the staircase shall be enclosed in masonry construction or drywall
complying with Cl.3.8.7 b. of at least the same fire resistance as the elements of structure, and it shall not be
fitted with fire damp ers.
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(4) Th e ventilation system shall be of supply mode only, and of not less than 4 air c hanges per hour.

(5) Th e mechanical ventilati on system shall be automati cally activated by the building fire alarm system. In
additio n, a remote man ual start -stop switch shall be made availabl e to firefighters at the FCC, or, where there
is no FCC, at the fire ala rm panel.

(6) Visual in dication of the o perati onal status of the mechanical ventilation system shall be provided.

7.1.10 Ventilation system for smoke -free lobby and fire lift lobby

Effective Date: 1 Dec 2020

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a. The ventilation system shall be of supply mode only of not less than 10 air changes per hour.

b. Supply air shall be dra wn directly from the external space with intake poi nt not less than 5m from any exhaust
discharge o r op enin gs for na tural ventilatio n.

c. Any part of the supply duct runnin g outside the smoke -free or fi re lift lobby which it serves shall either be
enclosed or constructed to g ive a 1 -hr fire resistance rating. The SCDF may, at its discretion, require a higher fire
resistance rating if the d uct passes through an area of hi gh fire risk.

d. The mechanical ventilatio n system shall be automatically activated by the building fire alarm system. In addition, a
remote man ual start -stop switch shall be made available to firefighters at the FCC, or, where there is no FCC, at the
main fire ala rm pa n el.

e. Visual indication of the op eratio nal status of the mechanical ventilation system shall be provided.

f. Where air con ditioni ng is requ ire d for dai ly operations , this can be provided via supply and return air duct from
the FCU/ AHU outsid e of the smoke -free/ fire lift lobby. Fire dampers shall be provided in the supply and return ai r
ducts at penetratio ns throu g h the compartment walls and/or floors. The ducts shall be fire -rated if it forms part of the
other services passing throu gh the smoke -fre e/ fire lift lobbies and/ or the duct insulations are not of non -combustible
type.

7.1.11 Ventilation system for engine -driven fire pump room and generator room

Where mechanical ventilati o n is installed to provide a smoke -free environment for t he room housing the engi ne -driven fire
pump or em erg ency gene rat or, such systems shall be independent of each other and of any other system serving other
parts of the build i ng, an d shall comply with all of the foll owing requirements:

a. Supply air shall be dra wn directly from the external space and its intake point shal l not be less than 5m from any
exhaust discharge o pen ings. Exhaust discharge shall also be direct to the external space.

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b. Where the correspon ding ducts run outside the room they shall either be enclosed in a structure or be constructed
to give at least the same fire rating as the room which they serve, or that of the room through which they traverse,
whichever is hig her. T h e rati ng shall ap ply to fire exposure from both i nteri or and exterior of the duct or structure.
Where the duct risers are re quired to be e nclosed in a protected shaft constructed of masonry or drywall complying
with Cl.3.8.7b. , they shall be compartmented from the rest of the shaft space containing other ducts or service
installations.

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c. No fire dampe r shall be fit ted in eithe r supply or exhaust duct required under this clause.

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d. A duct serving areas othe r than rooms housing equipment stated in this clause shall not pass through such rooms.

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7.1.12 Ventilation system for Fire Command Centre (FCC)

The FCC can eith er b e air -conditio ned, nat urally ventilat ed or mechanically ventilated. The air -conditioning or m echanical
ventilation shall b e inde pen d ent of each othe r and any other system serving other parts of the building. Where ai r -
conditioni ng or me ch anical ventilation is provided, the fan coil unit or ventilation fan serving the FCC can be located
within the FCC and sh all also comply with all of the following requi rements:

a. Supply air shall be dra wn directly from the external space and its intake point shal l not be less than 5m from any
exhaust discharge o pen ings. Exhaust discharge shall also be direct to the external space.
 b. Where the correspon ding ducts run outside the FCC, they shall either be enclosed in a structure or be constructed
to give at least the same fire rating as the room which they serve or that of the room through which they traverse,
whichever is hig her. Wh ere the duct risers are required t o be enclosed i n a protected shaft constructed of masonry
or drywall complying with Cl.3.8.7b. , they shall be compartmented from the rest of the shaft space containing other
ducts or service installations.

c. No fire dampe r shall be fit ted in eithe r supply or exhaust duct required under this Clause.

d. A duct serving areas othe r than the FCC shall not pass through the room.

7.1.13 Exhaust system for kitchen

a. Provision

A mechanical exhaust system for the cooking area of a kitchen in a hotel, restaurant, coffee house or the like shall
be inde pen dent of those serving other p arts of the buil di ng. It shall also comply with all of the followi ng
requ ireme nts:

(1) Th e hoo d an d ducts for the exhaust shall have a clearance of 500mm from unprot ected combustible
materials.

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(2) Th e exhaust shall discha rge di rectly to the external space and shall not be less than 5m from any ai r intake
openi ngs.

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(3) Th e exhaust duct, whe re it runs outside the kitchen, shall either be enclosed in a structure or be
constructed to give at least the same fire rati ng as the kitchen or that of the room through which it traverses,
whichever is hig her. Th e rati ng shall ap ply to fire exposure from both i nteri or and exterior of the duct or
structure. Where the duct ris er is requi re d to be enclosed in a protected shaft constructed of masonry or drywall
complying with Cl.3.8.7 b. , it shall be compartmented from the rest of the shaft space containing other ducts or
services installations.

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(4) No fire d amper sha ll be f itted in kitchen exhaust ducts.

b. Sharing of kitchen exha ust sy stem

Sharin g of kitchen exhaust system for food and beverage outlets is allowed, provided all of the following conditions
are complie d with:

(1) For food cou rts

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(a) Th e food cou rt shall be u nder a single ownership/ operator.

(b) All kitchen exhaust ducts runni ng outside the food court shall have 1 -hr fire resistance rating, or shall
not be less than that for the elements of structure, whichever is higher.

(2) For re stauran ts/small F&B outle ts (e.g. snack bar s, food kiosks, etc.)

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(a) Restaurants and small F&B outlets that are sharing t he same kitchen exhaust system shall be located
on the same storey and with in the aggregate zone area not exceeding 2000m 2 . The maximum length of the
aggregat e zone coverin g fro m the first to the last restaurant/F&B outlet shall not exceed 50m.

(b) Th e agg re gate floo r area of the restaurants and F&B outlets shall not exceed 1000m 2 .

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(c) Common d ucts shall be provided with a common exhaust fan.

(d) Th e buil ding shall be pro tected by an automatic fire sprinkler system.

(e) Th e exhaust hoo d shall b e fitted with a wet chemical fire extinguishi ng system.

(f) The fire ratin g of the common kitchen exhaust duct running outside the restaurant s shall have 1 -hr fire
resistance rating, o r shall no t be less than that for the el ements of structure, whichever is higher.
 (Note: Kitchen exha ust ducts include both horizontal and vertical ducts.)

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c. Kitchen e xhaus t duct (KED)

(1) A KED run ning o utside a buildin g shall not be l ocated within 3m of any unprot ected openings. This
separati on distance can be reduced to 1.5m if the unprot ected opening is on the sam e plane as the duct.
(See Dia gram 7.1.13c.(1 ) - 1 and 2)

(2) W here the distances mentioned above cannot be ac hieved, a fire resistant construction having at least ½ -hr
fire resistance shall be p laced between the duct and the unprotected opening. (S ee Diagram 7.1.13c.(2) )

(3) A non -fire-rated KED sha ll not be located above an LPG storage cabinet, unless they are separated from
LPG cylinders by a minimum of 2 -hr fire-rated masonry construction above and beside the cylinders.
(See Dia gram 7.1.13c.(3 ) )

(4) Th e KED shall be locate d at least 3m from any unprotected LPG cylinders. Non -fire-rated KED shall be
located at least 600mm from the vapouriser or any liquid -phase LPG pi peli ne. (See Diagram 7.1.13c.(4) )

(5) Access panels for KED

KED shall be provid ed with openi ngs via access panels to facilitate inspection and maintenance, which shall
comply with the followin g:

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023

(a) Access panels shall be provided to allow the interi or of the duct to be viewed without the assistance
of tools, to facilitate thoroug h cleaning. The access panels shall not be obstructed by suspended ceilings,
cable ro utes, pipes or oth er installat ions.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023

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(b) Access panels shall be located at the sides of the duct.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023

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(c) Access panels are not requi red at the duct entry, duct discharge, or sections of the duct which are
fire-rated o r protected with f ire -rate d enclosure. Excluding these exempted areas, access panels shall be
provide d at the follo wing loc ations:

(i) at changes of ducting d i rection;

(ii) if fire extinguishi ng systems are provided, to facilitate installation and servicing of the fire
extinguishing systems;

(iii) withi n 90 0mm of each side of exhaust fan assemblies;

(iv) at least 40mm from all o utside edges of the duct or welded seams; and

(v) in additio n to complianc e with subclause (i ) to (iv), access panels shall be located at maximum
3m intervals for ho rizontal d ucting, and at the top and bottom of sections of vertical ducting which
runs solely at the buildi ng e xterior.

(d) Access panels shall be conspicuously marked with the following wording: ACCESS PANEL – DO
NOT OBSTRUCT. The lette ri ng shall be at least 25mm in height, in a colour contrasti ng with the
backgrou nd.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023

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d. Maintenance

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All kitchen exhaust systems shall be prope rly maintained in accordance with the following:

(1) Th e entire (inte rio r and e xterior) exhaust duct and kitchen hood shall be degreas ed and cleaned at least once
every 12 months.
 (2) Th e wo rk shall be carri e d out by a specialist and the records of cleani ng and degreasing shall be kept by the
owne r/ ope rato r for verificati on. This requi rement shall be included i n the Fire Safety Instruction Manual.

7.1.14 Ventilation system for rooms involving use of flammable and explosive substances

a. Dedicated sy stem

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Mechanical ventilation systems, where re quired for room s which involve the use of flammable and explosive
substances, shall be indep e ndent from those serving other parts of the building. They shall comply with all of the
followin g re quirements:

(1) Ventil ation system shall consist of exhaust and supply parts with a rate of 20 ai r changes per hour or any
other rates acceptable to th e SCDF. The exhaust shall direct to the external space and shall not be l ess than
5m from any air intake o peni ngs.

(2) W here such ducts run ou tside the room they shall eit her be enclosed in a structure or be constructed to give
at least the same fire rating as the room which they serv e or that of the room through which they traverse,
whichever is hig her. Th e rati ng sha ll ap ply to fire exposure from both i nteri or and exterior of the duct or
structure. Where the duct ris ers are requ ired to be enclosed in a prot ected shaft constructed of masonry or
drywall complying with Cl.3. 8.7b. , they shall be compart mented from the rest of the shaft space containing
other d ucts or service installations.

(3) No fire d amper sha ll be f itted in either a supply or ex haust duct requi red under this Clause.

(4) Ducts serving other a rea s shall not pass through rooms involving use of flammable and expl osive
substances.

b. Sharing of supply air duct

A common fire-rate d supply air duct can serve various compartments withi n the same floor level or other floor l evels,
provide d:

(1) the comp artments are sprinkler -p rotected;

(2) the comp artments are of the same purpose group;

(3) the duct is fitted with a fire damp er where it passes through the wall or floor of each fire compartment; and

(4) a d edicate d exhaust duct is provided for individual fire compartments and shall be maintained in operati on
(with the minimum flow rate ) even it is under fire mode situation to prevent smoke entering into other fire
compartments.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

7.1.15 Ventilation system for rooms housing batteries

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

Rooms housin g batteri es shall comply with the followi ng requi rements:

a. The batteri es shall be of either vente d or seal ed type.

b. The room ventilati on system shall be designed to limit the maximum concentration of Hydrogen (H 2 ) gas to 1% of
the total volume of the ro om durin g the wo rst case event of simultaneous “boost” charging of the batteri es. The inlets
and outl ets of the ventilation system shall be properly located so that there is no stagnant area in the room.

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c. Adequate hydro gen gas d etectors shall be provided inside the room to monitor the hydrogen concentration and to
activate the fan, if necessary, to ensure that the hydrogen concentrati on level at any part of the room does not
exceed 1% of the total volume of the room. Display panels showing the readings of the detectors shall be located at
the entra nce to the ro om. At the same time, an alarm signal shall be sent to a manned station such as security
control ro om, gua rd ho use o r FCC.

d. The design of the b attery room ventilatio n shall be in accordance wit h BS EN IEC 62485 -2 & BS EN IEC 62485 -3.
 e. For mechanically ventilat ed battery rooms, the ventilation requirement shall be based on Cl.7.1.15d. , or 6 ai r
changes pe r hou r, which ever is higher.

f. No fire dampe r shall be p rovided in the essential ventilation system and ducts passing through ot her compartm ents
shall have 2-hr fire resistance rating.

g. Essential fans and associated electrical controls shall be backed up with a secondary source of power supply.

CLAUSE 7.2 - PRESSURISATION FOR EXIT STAIRCASES

7.2.1 Provision

a. Internal exit s tair cas e

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In any buildin g of which the habitab le hei ght exceeds 24m, any internal exit staircases without adequat e provision
for natu ral ventilatio n shall be pressurised to comply with the requirements in this Code. Where the upper part of the
staircase is naturally ventila ted, its lower pa rt can be provided with mechanical vent ilation or pressurisation,
whichever is ap pro pri ate, in accordance wit h Cl.2.3.3d. (9).

b. Basement

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In a buildin g comprising mo re than fou r basement storey s, exit staircases connected to a fire lift lobby in basement
storeys shall be pressurised to comply with the requi rem ents in this Code.

c. PG II occupancy

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

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Where PG II building is prov ided with a mech anical venti lation system or pressurisati on system for its staircase
storey shelter, an autom atic smoke detection system complying with SS 645 shall be installed. The smoke detector
shall be located at the entra nce of each exit staircase at every storey, including the non -residential floors. Activation
of any smoke detector shall initiate the op erati on of the mechanical ventilation system or pre ssurisation system.

7.2.2 Pressurisation level

a. When in o peration, the p ressurisation system shall maintain a pressure differential of not less than 50 Pa bet ween
the pressurise d exit staircase and the occupi ed area when all doors are closed.

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b. Where a smoke-free l obb y is also pressurised, the pressure at the exit staircase shall always be higher.

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c. The force requi red to o pe n any doo r agai nst the combined resistance of the pressurising ai r and the automatic
door closin g mechanism shall not exceed 110 N at the door handle.

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7.2.3 Egress velocity

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a. When in o peration, the p ressurisation system shall maintain an airflow of sufficient velocity through open doors to
prevent smoke from ente ring into the pressurised area.

b. The flow velocity shall be attained when a combination of two doors from any two successive storeys and the main
discharge d oo r are fully op e n.

c. The velocity averaged over the full a rea of each door openi ng shall not be less than 1.0 m/s.

7.2.4 Leakages

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 a. The rate of supply of pressurised air to the pressurised areas shall be sufficient to make up for loss through
leakages into the u np ressuri sed surro undi ngs.

b. Adequate relief of le aked air out of the occupied area shall be provided to avoi d a pressure build -up i n this area.
The reli ef can be in the fo rm of perimete r leakages or purpose built extraction systems.

7.2.5 Distribution of pressurising air

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a. The numbe r an d distributi on of injection p oints for supply of pressurising ai r to the exit staircase should ensure an
even pressure profile compl ying with Cl.7.2.2.

b. The arran gement of the in jection points and the control of the pressurisation system shall be such that when the
openi ng of do ors or oth er fa ctors cause significant variations in pressure difference, the condition in Cl.7.2.2 shall
be restored as soon as practicable.

7.2.6 Pressurisation equipment and controls

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a. All the equipme nt and the relevant controls associated with the pressurisation system shall be designed and
installed to ensu re satisfactory ope ration i n the event of a fire.

b. Supply air for the pressuri sation system shall be drawn directly from the external space and its intake shall not be
less than 5m from any exhaust discharge op enings.

c. The pressurisation system shall be automatically activated by the buildi ng fire al arm system. In addition, a remote
manual start -stop switch sha ll be made avail able to firefighters at the FCC, or at the fire alarm panel where there is
no FCC. Visual ind icatio n of the ope ration status of the pressurisation system shall be provided.

CLAUSE 7.3 - PRESSURISATION OF INTERNAL CORRIDORS IN HOTELS

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

7.3.1 Pressure differences

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a. Where internal corrido rs in hotels are req uired to be pressurised in compliance wit h Cl.9.7.2a.(3), the pressure
within such corri dors shall b e highe r than th at in the guest rooms by 12.5 Pa. Corridor pressurisation shall be
activated for the floor o n fire and two floo rs above.

b. The pressure within th e smoke -free l obby/ fire lift lobby serving these internal corridors shall be higher than that
of the intern al corri do rs by 12.5 Pa. The pressurisation fans serving the smoke -free lobby/ fire lift lobby shall
activate on all floors du ring a fire.

c. Pressure within the inte rn al exit staircases shall comply with Cl.7.2.2a. .

CLAUSE 7.4 - SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEM

7.4.1 Provision

a. An engine ered smoke control system as specified in Cl.7.4.5 shall be provided where:

(1) the req uirements for compartmentati on specified in Cl .3.2.1, Cl.3.2.4a. and Cl.3.2. 4b. are relaxed under the
conditions in Cl.3.2.6 fo r Atrium spaces in a building, or

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(2) the total flo or a rea of an y compartment in a buildi ng or part of a buildi ng exceeds 5000m², or

(3) the total agg reg ate floo r area of all basement storeys exceeds 2000m², except in any of the following
situations:

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 (a) W here the baseme nt or a portion of the basement is used as a car park, the car park shall comply with
the req uirem ents of Cl.7.4.3, provided it is compartmented from the rest of the basem ent.

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

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(b) W here a pla nt/ equipme n t room with floor area not ex ceeding 250m² is compartmented from rest of the
basement, two do ors remote ly located from each other for better reach in firefighting operations shall be
provide d. The provision of a single door openi ng for this room is permitted provided the most remote part
of the room is less than 8m from the door, and the equipment found inside this room, does not obstruct the
throw of a water jet from a firefighting hose.

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(c) Whe re a pla nt/ equi pmen t room with floor area exceeds 250m² but not 2000m ², and for which smoke
vents in accordance with Cl. 7.4.2 or smoke purging system of at least 9 air changes per hour are
provide d.

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(d) W here a service are a comprising storerooms or work shops (restricted to staff only) which are
compartmented, which are p rovided with smoke venting i n accordance with Cl.7.4.2, or a smoke purging
system of at least 9 air changes per hour i n lieu of an engineered smoke control system. An automatic fire
alarm/ extinguishi ng system in accordance with Tabl e 6.4A shall be provided where requi red.

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b. A smoke vent in accordan ce with Cl.7.4.2 shall be provided if the total aggregate floor area of al l basement
storeys does not exceed 200 0m², except for PG I buildings . In lieu of smoke vents, a smoke purging system or an
engin eered smoke control system is permissible for car parks or other occup ancies respectively.

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7.4.2 Smoke vent

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Smoke vents shall be ade qu ately distributed al ong the perimeter of the space served, and its outlets shall be easily
accessible during firefightin g and rescue ope ratio ns. Smoke vents shall comply with the followi ng requi rements:

a. the numbe r and th eir sizes shall be such that the aggregate effective vent openi ngs shall not be less than 2.5% of
the floor a rea se rved;

b. the vent outlets, if covered unde r no rmal conditi ons, shall be openable i n case of fire;

c. the position of all vent outlets and the areas they serve shall be suitably indicated adjacent to such outlets;

d. where ducts are requi red to connect the vent to outlets, the ducts shall either be enclosed in structure or be
constructed to give at least 1 -h r fire resistance rating; and

e. separate d ucts and vent outlets shall be provided for each storey.

7.4.3 Smoke purging system

Smoke purgin g system, where permitted u nde r this Code in buildi ngs, shall conform to all of the followi ng requi rements:

a. The smoke purgi ng system shall be inde pendent of any other system serving other parts of the building.

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b. The purging system’s purge rate shall be at least 9 ai r changes per hour.

c. The purgin g system shall be activated automatically by the building fire alarm system. In addition, a remote
manual start -stop switch sha ll be located at the FCC, or at main fire alarm panel on f irst storey (where there is no
FCC in the b uildin g). Visua l indication of the operation status of the smoke purging s ystem shall also be provided
with this remote contro l.

d. Supply air shall be dra wn directly from the external space and its intake shall not be less than 5m from any
exhaust discharge o pen ings. Outlets for the supply air shall be adequately distributed over the area served.

e. Where there is natu ral ve ntilation for th e area served based upon evenly distributed openings equal to not less
than 2.5% of the floor a re a o f a given storey, such natural ventilation can be considered a satisfactory substitute for
the supply part of th e smoke purgi ng system.

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 f. Replacement ai r shall be provide d an d if it is supplied by a separate mechanical system, such a system shall be
connected to a second ary p owe r supply.

g. Exhaust ducts shall be fabricated from heavy gauge steel of at least 1.2mm thickness.

h. The exhaust fan shall be capable of o perating effectively at 250ºC for 2 hours and be connected to a secondary
powe r supply.

7.4.4 Ductless jet fan system

a. General

This system can be used in lieu of a smoke purgi ng system for conventional car parks where passenger cars/light
weight vehicles are pa rked a longside e ach other with common driveways. It is not intended for mechanised car park
systems or other forms of car parkin g systems.

b. Provision of sprinkler s ystem

(1) Th e basement car p ark shall be spri nkler -protected i n accordance with the SS CP 52.

(2) Th e arran gement of the sprinkler h eads and the jet fans shall be such that, upon the operation of the j et
fans, the effect on the spray pattern of the spri nklers is minimised.

c. Zoning of car park

(1) All car pa rk spaces shall be divided int o smoke control zones with each zone not larger than
2000m 2 (excludi ng pl ant ro o ms and circulation spaces) for the purpose of smoke containment and quicker
location of fire. A commissioning test will be carried out using hot smoke to demonstrate that smoke can be
contained within e ach zone and chan nelled to the ex trac t fans.

(2) Each smoke control zone shall have its own jet fan system (fresh air fans, exhaust air fans and jet fans) to
purg e smoke from the affected zone. The ducts shall be fabricated from heavy steel gauge steel of 1.2mm
thickness. Alternatively, sharing of th e fresh air and exhaust air fans is permitted provided the fans, wiri ng and
control pa nel a re protected with at least 1 -hr fire resistance rating. The exhaust fan system shall also be
designe d to run i n at least two pa rts, such that the total exhaust capac ity does not fall below 100% of the
requ ire d rate of extract for t he zones affected in the event of failure of any one part. This requirement is also
applicabl e for mecha nised supply fan system, if it is used.

d. Jet fan s ystem

(1) Th e jet fan system shall be activated by the sprinkler system serving the basement car park level and any other
areas locate d within the sam e level. The activation of the jet fan system shall be confined to the smoke control zone
on fire an d all its ad jacent zones. A firefighter cut -off and activation (override) switch shall be provided at the FCC.
As an alternative form of fan activation, the use of smoke detectors to activate the jet fan system is allowed,
provide d:

(a) the detectors are positio ned at the effective mid -range of the jet fan profile;

(b) in -d uct smoke detector is located at the start point of the exhaust duct; and

(c) jet fan system shall only operate up on activation of two smoke detectors. This is to minimise false alarms.

(2) Th e jet fan system shall be provided wit h a secondary source of power supply through automatic operation of an
emerg ency generato r in case of failure of the primary power supply source.

(3) Th e jet fans shall be distribute d at a spacing of 2⁄ 3 of the tested effective range of each jet fan. The tested
effective range of the jet fan shall be taken as the distance up to the point at 0.2m/s of the air -vel ocity distribution
profile.

(4) Th e minimum hea dro om for the installatio n of the jet fan system is 3m.

(5) Th e interaction of the va rious compon ents of the jet fan system shall be as follows:

(a) Each g rou p of exhaust fans for each smoke control zone shall be interl ocked with its corresponding groups of jet
fans for that zone.

(b) If the group of exh aust fans stops/ fails in any smoke control zone, the corresponding group of jet fans in that
zone shall stop. But if any of the exhaust fans is still in operati on in a particular smoke control zone, all the jet fans
in that zone shall continu e to ope rate.
(c) The exha ust fan shall continue to run even if any corresponding group of jet fans fails.

(d) Th e othe r groups of jet fans shall continue to run ev en if any one group of jet fans fails.

(e) If the fire al arm signal is isolated, the exhaust fans and jet fans shall continue to run at high speed. If the fans
are man ually restart ed, both the exhaust fans and jet fans shall continue to run at hi gh speed until they are set to
low speed at the f ield contro l panel.

(6) Th e jet fan system shall be inde pen dent of any systems serving other parts of the buildi ng.

(7) Th e jet fan system design shall be such that the bulk air velocity induced by the j et fans is sufficient to stop the
advance of the ceiling j et within 5m from the fire l ocation in the direction opposite to the induced bulk air flow.

(8) Th e smoke control sub -p anel in e ach smoke control zone is to be connected to the main smoke control panel,
such that any isolation of jet fan system at a particular zone is automatically display ed at the main smoke control
panel.

(9) Th e car pa rk main smoke control pan el at the FCC/ G uard house and rem ote local panel for the supply and
exhaust fans shall indicate, by means of indicator lights, whether the fans are on low or high speed. The panels are
also req uire d to have the in d iv idual group of jet fans indi cation lights interlocked with the main exhaust fans in the
respective smoke control zones.

(10 ) In the event of failure o f the primary source of power supply and subsequent operation of the secondary power
supply, the mode of ope ratio n of the jet fan system during the fire mode shall follow t hat prior to the failure of the
primary po we r supply. For e xample, if the operation of j et fan system in a particular smoke control zone is switched
off by the firefighter d uri ng fire mode con dition and the primary source of power fails, the subsequent operation of
the secondary p owe r supply shall be such tha t the jet fan system remains in the previ ous fire mode condition, i.e.,
non-ope ratio nal mod e for th at smoke control zone, while the other smoke control zones resume operation.

(11 ) The jet fan system design shall take into considerat ion the presence of any down -stand beams and other
obstructions that are of d ept hs of more than 1/10 of the car park floor to ceiling hei ght so as to account for any
resistance to airflow.

(12 ) On activation of the jet fan system, the movement of smoke towards the extraction point (s) shall not adversely
affect the means of escape and cause smoke to be blown into the lobby area or exit staircases.

(13 ) The op eration of the jet fan system should be such that there are no stagnant areas where smoke can
accumulate in the event of fire.

(14 ) The op eration of the jet fan system shall not cause the volume of air movement to be greater than that volum e
extracted by the main exhau st fans.

(15 ) There shall be at least one viable app roach route (i .e. where acceptance criteri a for firefighters are in
accordance wit h Cl.7.4.4g. a nd Dia gram 7.4.4 e.(4) -2) for the firefighters to any possible fire location up to a dist ance
of 5m from that fire. As such, information as to the viable approach route shall be displayed at the main fire alarm
panel. This can be achi eved by arran ging th e sprinkler control zone to correspond wi th that of the smoke control
zone. Upo n detection of the fire within a particular smoke control zone/ spri nkler zone, reference can be made to the
display showing th e viable a ppro ach ro ute for that particular smoke control zone.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2021

e. Wiring arrangement of j et fan s

(1) All jet fans shall be con n ected to the local jet fan control panel in groups of not m ore than three jet fans.

(2) Each g rou p will be con ne cted by fire -rate d cabling.

(3) Each g rou p of jet fans will be prot ected by a separate MCB (main circuit breaker), with power supply compliant
with SS 638, to prevent the f ailure of all the jet fans at once due to tripping of the m ain RCB, e.g., due to
overloa ding.

(4) Th e jet fans shall also b e wire d in a zigzag configuration and no two consecutiv e jet fans in a straight line are to
be wired in the same g rou p. In the event of failure of one group of jet fans, the next corresponding group will be able
to drive the sm oke towards the exhaust location to be extracted (see Di agram 7.4.4e. (4) - 1 & 2). Should one group
of jet fans fail, all other grou ps shall still continue to run.

(5) Th e location of the local control pa nel for the operati on of the jet fans within each zone shall be in a relativel y
safe area wit hin the zon e an d be spaced as least 5m apart from the local control panels of adjacent zones. This is to
minimise the risk of a fire affecting all the control panels if they be spaced closely together, and thus rendering the
ineffectiveness of the jet fan system.
f. Provision of supply air

(1) Sup ply air to the car p ark can be provide d via mechanised supply air fans or by permanent openings of at least
2.5% of the floor area. Whic hever is used, the maximum inlet air speed shall be 2m/s to prevent recircul ation of
smoke.

(2) Th e air velocity within es cape rout es and ram ps shall not exceed 5m/s to prevent escapees from being hindered
by the air flow.

(3) Th e re placement ai r inta kes shall face away from any smoke exhaust points and be sited at least 5m apart so as
to prevent recirculation of smoke. If the supply and exhaust louvers are l ocated on t he same façade of the buildi ng,
they shall also be sited at le ast 5m apart.

(4) Th e re placement ai r inta ke shall be located on the opposing end of the smoke exhaust points so that there is no
opposin g flow bet wee n the supply air a nd the smoke that is drawn towards the exhaust fan.

g. Exhaust fan de sign

(1) Th e car pa rk shall be pro vided with at least 12 ai r changes per hour during a fire. A lower air change not less
than 9 air ch ang es can be p ermitted provided the acceptance criteria stipul ated in the Cl.7.4.4g.(1)(b) can be
achieved throug h fire mode ll ing:

(a) Hot smoke test/ CFD fire modelling

The effectiveness of the jet fans system design shall be demonstrated using hot smoke test in accordance
with Cl.7.4.4j. . The h eat rel e ase rate of the fuel load for the hot smoke test shall be at least 1MW. The relevant PE
or Fire Safety Engin eer sho uld decide on the fire location(s) that is (are) deemed most onerous with justification. In
additio n to the hot smoke test, Co mputational Flui d Dynamics (CFD) fire modelling will also be requi red i n the
followin g instances:

(i) If air chan ge pe r ho ur is smaller than 12.

(ii) If there a re g ene ral g ood s vehicle or coaches where design fire size exceeds 4 MW (i.e., car fire).

(iii) If repl acement air is a combinatio n of natural and mechanical means.

(iv) If spacing of jet fan s is more than 2/3 of the tested effective range.

The CFD study is to be endo rsed by a Fire Safety Engineer (FSE) to verify the conformance of the jet fans
system with the acceptance criteria as stipulated i n Cl.7. 4.4g.(1)(b). The FSE is also required to put up a fire
engin eering repo rt. Some of the accepted fire modelling software includes FDS, Swift -AVL, Fluent and
Pheonics.

(b) Acceptance criteria

(i) Not more tha n 100 0m 2 of the car park space can be smoke -logged for at least 20 mins, regardless of
whethe r the fire is located within the smoke control zone or across the zone boundari es (Note: After the 20
mins duration, smoke is expected to remain confined wit hin the 1000m 2 area). Within this smoke -logged area,
there shall b e at least 1 viab le route fo r the firefighters where the followi ng conditions are satisfied:

* Smoke temperature shall not exceed 250 o C at a height of 1.7m from floor level.

* Visibility shall not be less than 5m at a height of 1.7m from floor level.

These conditions shall com mence at a distance of 5m from the fire location in the di rection opposite to the
induced b ulk air flow i nduc e d by the jet fans. All other areas outside the smoke -l ogged area shall be kept
substantially free from smoke i.e. smoke temperature not more than 60 o C and visibili ty of at least 25m
(Dia grams 7.4.4e (4) - 1 & 2).

(Note: If hot smoke test is performe d, assessment is to be made on the operati on of the jet fans system,
movement of smoke towards the extraction points and s moke spread. The l atter 2 aspects can be generally
verified using th e above visibility criteri on. The temperat ure criterion need not be verified in view of the nat ure
of the hot smoke test.)

(c) CFD fire mod elling i npu t paramete rs

(i) Fire Size

The design fire size shall be based on at least 4MW steady -state fire (i.e., car fire). For general goods vehicle,
the design fire size shall be based on at least 10MW steady state fire (FSE is expected to provide justification
for the big ger fire size other than the car fire).

(ii) Type of fire

 The type of fire shall be fla ming polyurethane.

(iii) L ocation of fire

Gene rally, the fire shoul d be located furthest away from t he exhaust poi nts and in bet ween zones. The relevant
PE or Fire Safety Enginee r should d ecide on the fire location(s) that is (are) deemed most onerous with
justification.

(iv) Down-stan d beams and other o bstruction

The CFD mod el shall take in to consideration the presenc e of any down -stand beams and other obstruction that
are of de pths of more tha n 1 /10 of the car park floor to ceiling height so as to account for any resistance to
airflow and tu rbul ence.

(v) Jet fan velocity profile

Validation mo del of the velo city profile is to be carried out for a single jet fan. The data from the model shal l be
compared agai nst physical test data.

As such, the jet fan shall be tested for velocity profile by an accredited testing laborat ory for comparison with
the simulated velocity profil e. The test report is to be at tached to the Fire Engineeri ng Report. The equati on to
be used for th e deviation bet ween th e CFD profile and ac tual test profile is as follows:

Equation : Deviatio n = [(A -B ) / B] X 100%

Where :

A = distance/width/heig ht fro m CFD profile

B = distance/width/heig ht fro m actual test profile

The deviatio n of the distance, width an d height of the actual profil e from the simulat ed profile at the various air
velocities should be withi n 1 0%.

(vi) Duration of fire simul ation

The du ration of the fi re simulation shall be at least 20 mins.

(vii) Sprinkler activation

The model shall assume there is no sprinkler activation for the design fire size specified in Cl.7.4.4g.(1)(c)(i).

(viii) Grid resolutio n

The gri d size to be used in the fire mod el shall not be l arger than 200mm X 200mm X 200mm in the smoke
control zone whe re fire is lo cated and its adjacent zones. Other than these zones, the grid size shall not be
larg er than 400mm X 4 00mm X 400mm. Alternatively, the relevant PE or FSE undert akes a grid resoluti on study
to ascertain the ap pro pri ate grid size needed for the fire size and smoke flows modelled (e.g., outcome of study
showing th at additio nal resol ution do es not make mu ch of a difference to the results).

(ix) Sensitivity study

A sensitivity study is to be carri ed out to show the impac t of 1 group of jet fan fail ure nearest the fire on the
overall effectiveness of the jet fans system. This study is applicabl e to both fire modelling and hot smoke test.
Notwithstandi ng the fail ure o f 1 group of jet fans, the acceptance criteria must still be maintained.

(2) Th e capacity of the exhaust fan and any associated ducting shall be calculated on the basis that the pressure in
the car park close to the extract points is equal to the ex ternal atmospheric pressure.

(3) Each smoke control zone of the car park shall have it s own exhaust fan system. The exhaust fan system in each
zone shall be d esigne d to ru n in at least two parts, such that the total exhaust capaci ty does not fall below 50% of
the req uire d rate of extr act in the event of failure of any one part, and that a fault or failure of the exhaust fan
system in one zone will n ot affect the operatio n of the exhaust fan system in the other zones. The above requirement
is also applicable fo r mecha nised supply fan sy stems, where used.

(Note: If there is shari ng of the exhaust air fa ns, see Cl.7.4.4c.(2) )

(4) Th e smoke discharge p oi nts shall be located such that the smoke extracted from the smoke exhaust fans does
not affect any occupied are a or means of escape at the l evel where smoke is discharged.

h. Fire resistan ce of jet fa n system

The jet fan system, such as the mechanised ai r supply fans, smoke exhaust fans, jet fans, duct works and wiring
shall be capab le of op eratin g effectively at 250°C for 2 hours. The fans, ducts and wiring shall be tested in
accordance wit h EN 121 01-3 , BS 476: Part 24 and SS 299, respectively.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2021

 i. Operations and maintena nce manual

An operations and mai ntena nce manual shall be attached. The manual shall contain the roles and responsibilities of
the buildi ng o wne r/ ope rato r, the restrictions placed on t he buil ding, identification of the sub -systems, servicing and
maintena nce plan, fau lt id en tification, etc. The manual can also be used as a guide f or future renovations and
changes to the buil din g.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2021

j. Commissioning test

The Reg istered Inspecto r wh o carries out commissioning test of the jet fans system may make reference to Table
2 of BS 7346 - Part 7 as a g uide. Whe n hot smoke test is performed, the PE/ FSE shall use a test fire size of 1MW.
Reference may be made to AS 4391 on hot smoke test and PE is advised to make reference on how the test can be
prep ared an d carri ed out in a pro per ma nne r.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2021

7.4.5 Engineered smoke control system

a. Accep table de sign guidance

E
The engi nee re d smoke control system shall be in the form of a smoke ventilation system by natural or mechanical
extraction design ed in accordance with BR 1 86, BR 258, BR 368 and other acceptabl e standards:

b. Sprinkler system

R
A building p rovid ed with a n engin eered smoke control system shall be sprinkler -protected.

c. Fire size

(1) Non -industri al buildings

The capacity of the engin eered smoke control system shall be calculated based on the incidence of a likely
maximum fire size for a sprinkler controll ed fire as recommended in the followi ng table:

TABLE 7.4.5c.(1) : FIRE SIZE FOR NON- INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

Fire Size
Occupancy (Sprinkler-protected)
Heat Output (MW) Perimeter of Fire (m)
Shops 5 12
Shops (fast response sprinklers) 2.5 9
Offices 1 14
Hotel Guest Room 0.5 6
Hotel Piublic Areas 2.5 12
Assembly Occupancy with Fixed Seating 2.5 12
Effective Date: 15 Sep 2020

(2) Industrial buildings

The re quirements for desig n fire size are appl icable to sprinkler - protected industrial premises (factory and
wareho use) with out in -rack sprinklers an d limited to the design of smoke control system based on Cl. 7.4.

(a) Fi re growth

The fire g rowth can be evalu ated by the followi ng generi c fire growth curve (also referred to as ‘t2 fire’),
that rep resents the gen eral types of combustible material present withi n an enclosure:

Q m a x = ∝ (t-ti) 2 ------------------------------------- equation (1)

whe re:
Q m a x = he at rele ase rate (kW );
∝ = fire gro wth pa ramete r (k J/s 3 );
t = time (s);
t i = time of ignition (s) (take n here as zero)
 The fire g rowth parameter v aries with the fire load densi ty and the fire load configuration factor. However,
for purpose of desig n, fire growth parameter can be generally defined as follows:

TABLE 7.4.5c.(2)(A) : FIRE GROWTH PARAMETER FOR INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

Fire growth rate Fire growth parameter (kJ/s3) Time for Qg = 1MW (s)
Slow 0.0029 600
Medium 0.012 300
Fast 0.047 150
Ultra fast 0.188 75

Note:

The fire growth rate that is applicable through available literature or standard such as the SFPE Handbook shall be adopted. In the instance where the fire growth
rate lies in between the range as stated above, the more conservative fire growth rate is to be used.
(b) Design fire – sprinkle r-p rotected

(i) The h eat outp ut of the de sign fire is assumed to increase according to equati on (1) until sprinkler
operation is deem ed to occur at time t8. Following sprinkler operati on, the heat output of the fire is
considere d to remai n constant.

(ii) The cap acity of the smoke control system shall be based on the fire size that is controll ed by
activation of 2nd rin g of spri nklers.

(iii) Th e ope ratio n of the sprinkler system at ts and the corresponding fire size can be determi ned by
hand calculati ons based o n fire engineeri ng pri nciples or the use of fire engi neering t ools such as
FPETool from Nation al Institute of Standards and Tech nology (NIST). Whichever approach is used,
the followi ng desig n factors governi ng its calculation are as follows:

• Rate of fire gro wth

The type of fuel load and its configuration in the premises shall govern the rate of fire growth
which can be rep resente d using equation (1) and Table 7.4.5c.(2)(a) .

• Sprinkle r respo nse time index (RTI)

The RTI is the thermal sensi tivity of the sprinkler and shall be based on the manufacturer’s
specification.
Example:
Standard respo nse sprinkler – 105m 0 . 5 s 0 . 5 ;
Fast response sprinkle r - 50m 0 . 5 s 0 . 5 ;
ESFR - 26m 0 . 5 s 0 . 5

• Tempe rature rati ng of spri nkler

The ope ratin g temperature of the sprinklers shall be based on SS CP 52 (e.g., 141°C or 68°C).

• Ambient temperature
Room tempe ratu re for ai r -conditioned spaces and non -ai r conditioned spaces can be taken as
25°C an d 30°C, respectively.

• Ceili ng hei ght

The ceiling h eight shall b e based on the height, measured from the finished floor lev el to the
soffit of the ceiling/ roof.

• Spacing of sprinkle r ab ove fire

Sprinkler spacin g shall be based on SS CP 52 (e.g. 3m by 3m or 4m x 3m).

Note: The ap plication of FP ETool from NIST or any other software in determi ning the activation
time of the sprinkler system and the corresponding fire si ze has its limitations. Some of the
software p rog rams are b ased on Alpert’s correlations where a number of fundamental
assumptions are made such as flat smooth ceilings, unconfined smoke flow, axisymmetric
plumes (not n ear walls or corners), location of detector close to the ceiling, etc. Such
assumptions shall thus be taken into consideration when using th is tool.

(iv) The capacity of the smoke control system shall also take into considerati on the possibility of
forklift or gene ral g oods veh icle on fire along the int ernal ramps/driveways. For design purposes, the
design fire size shall be tak en as follows:

TABLE 7.4.5c.(2)(b)(iv) : VEHICLE DESIGN FIRE SIZE

Type of vehicle Design fire size
Forklift or car 4MW
General goods vehicle 10MW
(c) Dete rminatio n of perim eter of fire
 (i) Fire perimeter fo r forklift/car and goods vehicle

The fire pe rimete r is used to determine the mass flow rate of smoke. For forklift or general goods
vehicle, the perimete r of fire shall be taken as follows:

TABLE 7.4.5c.(2)(C)(I) : FIRE PERIMETER SIZE

Type of vehicle Perimeter of fire
Forklift or car 5m x 2m
General goods vehicle 9m x 2.5m
(ii) Fire pe rimeter oth er tha n for forklift/car and general goods vehicle

Other tha n for forklift/car an d general goods vehicle, the following equation is used to calculate the
fire pe rimeter fo r a square fire of equal sides:

P = 4(Q c /Q r ) 0 . 5 -------------------------------- equation (2)

whe re:
P = fire perimete r (m);
Q c = convective heat output = 0.7Q m a x (kW);
Q r = heat release rate pe r u nit area (kW/m 2 ), see Tabl e 7.4.5c.(2)(c)(ii )

Where elon gate d storage co nfigurations such as racking or shelving are used, the fire perimet er is
determin ed using th e followi ng equation:

P = 2[Q c /(Q r x d)] --------------------------- equati on (3)

whe re:
Q c = convective heat output = 0.7Q m a x (kW);
Q r = heat release rate pe r u nit area (kW/m 2 ), see Tabl e 7.4.5c.(2)(c)(ii )
d = depth of rack (m)

For pu rpose of calculatin g th e fire perimeter, the values for Q r given i n Table 7.4.5c.(2)(c)(ii) are
used.

TABLE 7.4.5c.(2)(C)(II) : HEAT RELEASE RATE

Building Use Heat release rate per unit area, Qr (kW/m2)
Industrial 260
Storage 500
d. Capacity

E
The capacity of an engin ee red smoke control system shall be capable of handling the demand for smoke exhaust in a
worst case scenario.

e. Clear laye r

E
The design smoke layer b ase shall be ab ove the heads of peopl e escaping beneath it. The minimum height shall be
2.5m.

f. Smoke reservoir

(1) Smoke rese rvoirs to prev ent the lateral spread of smoke, and to collect smoke for removal, shall be of non -
combustible construction capable of wit hstanding smoke temperatures.

E
(2) Fo r cases where smoke is removed from the room of origi n, the smoke reservoir s ize for a smoke ventilation
system shall not exceed:

E
(a) 2 000m ² for a nat ural smo ke ventilation system; and

(b) 2 600m ² for a mechan ical smoke ventilation system.

(3) Fo r cases where smoke is removed from a circulation space or atrium space, the smoke reservoir size for a
smoke ventilation system shall not exceed:

E
(a) 1 000m ² for a nat ural smo ke ventilation system; and
 (b) 1 300m ² for a mechan ical smoke ventilation system.

(4) Reservoi r length

E
The maximum length of the smoke reservoir shall not exceed 60m.

(5) Stagn ant re gio ns

E
Adequate arrang ement(s ) shall be made i n each smoke reservoir for the removal of s moke in a way that will
prevent the fo rmation of sta gnant regio ns.

(6) Pe rforat ed ceiling

E
For cases where the smoke reservoi r is above the false ceiling, the ceiling shall be of perforated type with at
least 25% openi ng.

g. Discharge of smok e

(1) Removal of smoke

For cases where smoke is removed from a circulation space or atri um space, the rooms discharging smoke into
the circulation space/atri um spaces shall either:

Effective Date: 15 Sep 2020

(a) h ave a floor are a of not exceeding 1 000m ² (for natural ventilation system) or 1300m² (for mechanical
ventilation system), or

E
(b) b e subdivide d such that smoke is vented to the circulation space or at rium only from part of the room with
floor a rea n ot exceeding 1 00 0m² (for n atural ventilation s ystem) or 1300m² (for mechanical ventilation system),
that is adjacent to the circulati on space or at rium. However, the remainder of the room needs to be provided
with an ind epe nde nt smoke ventilation system(s).

E
(2) Exhaust points

The minimum numbe r an d siting of exhaust points within a smoke reservoir shall be determined to prevent
“plu g-h oling ” effect at the exhaust points. The exhaust point shall comply with the fol lowing plugholing
equatio n.

h. Limitations

E
Owing to p ractical limitation s, a smoke ventilation system shall have:

(1) a maximum mass flow no t exceeding 175kg/s; and

(2) a minimum smoke layer t emperature of 18°C above ambient temperature.

 i. Replacement air

E
(1) Replaceme nt air shall by natural me ans be drawn directly from the external space.

(2) Th e design repl acement air discharge velocity shall not exceed 5m/s to prevent the escapees being
hinde red by the air flow.

(3) Replaceme nt air intake s hall be sited at least 5m away from any exhaust air discharge.

(4) Replaceme nt air shall b e discharged at a low level, at least 1.5m beneath the designed smoke layer, to
prevent fog ging up of the lo wer clea r zone.

(5) W here the inlet can not b e sited at least 1.5m below t he smoke layer, a smoke curtain or a barrier shall be
used to preve nt repl acement air disrupti ng the smoke layer.

(6) W here re placement ai r is taken through inlet ai r venti lators or door - ways, devices shall be incorporated to
automatically open such inl e t ventilators and doors to admit replacement ai r upon activation of the smoke
ventilation system.

(7) W here the rol ler shutte rs are used as replacement air inlets in the design and installation of an engi neered
smoke control system or smoke purg ing system, they shall be of perforated type, having the required effective
free area for th e effective opera tio n of the engineered smoke control system. Non -perforated type of roll er
shutters with solid surface shall not be used.

j. Emergency power supply

E
The engi nee re d smoke ventilation system shall be provided with secondary source of power supply.

k. Mode of activa tion

(1) Au tomatic a ctiv ation

(a) Th e engi nee re d smoke ventilation system shall be activated by smoke detectors located in the smoke
control zone. Use of smoke detectors for activation shall be carefully designed, so that accidental or
prematu re activation of smoke detectors in a non - fire zone (due to smoke spills or spread from other
areas) are avoi ded.

E
(b) Provision of activating smoke detectors shall comply with SS 645.

E
(2) Manual a ctiv ation

R
A remote manual activation and control switches, as well as visual indication of the operation status of the
smoke ventilation system, shall also be p rovided at the FCC. Where there is no FCC, it shall be indicated at the
main fire ala rm pan el.

l. Interlocking with other ACMV systems

E
Except for ventilation systems in Cl.5.2.1g. and Cl.5.2. 1h. , all other ai r-conditioni ng and mechanical ventilation
systems within the areas served shall be shut down automatically upon activation of the smoke ventilation system.

m. Standby fans/ multiple fans

(1) Eithe r a standby fan o r multiple fans with excess capacity shall be provided for each mechanical smoke
ventilation system, such that in the event the duty fan or the largest capacity fan fails, the requi red smoke
extraction rate wi ll still be met. The standby fan shall be automatically activated in the event the duty fan fails.

E
(2) Fa ns shall be capab le of operating at 250°C for 2 hours.

(3) Protected circuits

R
The fans and associated smoke control equipment shall be wired in protected circuit s designed to ensure
continued ope ration i n the e vent of fire.
 (4) Electrical supply

R
The electrical supply to the f ans shall, in each case, be connected to a sub -main circ uit exclusive thereto after
the main isolator of the build ing. The cables shall be of at least 1 -hr fire resistance rating in accordance with
SS 299.

n. Smoke ventilation ducts

(1) Smoke ventilatio n ducts (both exh aust and replacem ent air ducts) shall be of at least 1 -hr fire resistance
rating. The ratin g shall appl y to fire exposure from bot h the interi or and exterior of the duct or structure and the
duct shall also comply with Cl.7.1.2h. .

(2) W here a duct passes through a noth er fire compartm ent with higher fire rati ng, the duct shall be constructed
to have fire-ratin g as that of the compartment. Where a duct is installed in a single fire compartment and does
not pass throug h anot her co mpart ment, smoke control ducts (both exhaust and replacement air ducts) within
that compartment ne ed not comply with the 1 -hr fire resistance rating requirem ent subject to the following
conditions:

(a) the smoke ventilatio n du cts (both exhaust and replac ement air ducts) are constructed of at least
1.2mm thick galvanised steel sheet;

(b) spri nklers, design ed to SS CP 52, shall be provided above and below the enti re length of the ducts
(re gardless of the duct dimensions) to prot ect the duct surfaces from the effect of water spray through the
activated sprinklers; and

(c) the construction an d sup port of the duct shall conform to the appropri ate requirements of the duct
construction standards contained i n ASHRAE Handbook , IHVE Guild books or SMACNA Manuals.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

o. Fire damper

(1) Fi re damp ers shall not b e fitted in the smoke ventilation system, except where us ed in an engineered smoke
control system. In such a situation, a combination of fire and smoke dampers shall be constructed in
accordance wit h SS 333, an d its electric actuator shall be tested in accordance with the requirem ents of UL
555S for at least 2 ho urs at 250ºC.

(2) Th e damp er shall b e in closed position duri ng fail -saf e mode.

(3) Th e combinatio n fire a nd smoke damper, and any duct extension between it and t he protected vent shaft,
shall be of the same ratin g a s the element of structure.

(4) Sp rinkler p rotection shal l be provid ed to the el ectric actuator.

(5) Th e electrical po we r sup ply cables to the electric actuator shall be fire resistant.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

p. Time taken

The time for a smoke ventilation system within a smoke zone to be fully operational shall not exceed 60 secs from
the time of activation.

q. Natural ven tilation

Natural ventilation sha ll not be used tog ether with mechanical ventilation.

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r. Smoke curtain

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All smoke curtains, where re quired, unless perm anently fixed in -position, shall be brought into position automatic ally
to provide a deq uate smoke -t ightness and effective depth.

s. Obstruc tion to means of escape

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 A smoke curtain, or oth er smoke barri er, located at any access route forming part of or leadi ng to a means of
escape, shall not in its operational p osition obstruct said escape rout e.

t. Smoke or chanelling screens

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Where glass walls or pa nels are bei ng used as smoke screens to form a smoke reservoir or as channelling screens,
they shall be able to withstand the desig n highest temperature.

u. Smoke control equipment

All smoke control equipment (includin g smoke curtains) shall be suppli ed and install ed in accordance with BS EN
1210 1-1, BS EN 1210 1- 3 an d BS 7346 Part 7 or equival ent.

Effective Date: 9 Nov 2019

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7.4.6 Fail-safe system

Effective Date: 25 Aug 2023

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For natu ral smoke ventilatio n system, the natural ventilators shall be -

(1) in th e “op en ” position in the event of power/system failure; and

(2) p ositioned such that they will not be adversely affected by positive wind pressure.

Note: Natu ral ventilato rs ref er to any device e.g., entrance sliding doors or any other mechanised openings for
fresh air replaceme nt or smoke venting to external space.

CLAUSE 7.5 - REDUNDANCY FOR MECHANICAL VENTILATION AND PRESSURISATION

SYSTEMS

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

7.5.1 Provision

Effective Date: 1 Dec 2020

a. Powered system

A standby fan (N+1 ) shall be provide d for each of the foll owing systems, such that in the event one of the duty fans
fails or taken out of service, the standby fan shall be aut omatically activated to meet the required ventilation rate.

(1) mechanical ventilatio n systems for:

(a) smoke-fre e/ fire lift lob bies ;

(b) exit staircases; an d

(c) essential rooms (e.g., sprinkle r/ wet riser/ hydrant/ hose reel pump room, standby generator room,
FCC, etc.).

(2) engi nee red smoke con trol systems;

(3) car park smoke purgin g systems*; and

 (4) pressurisatio n systems for smoke -free/ fire lift lobbies, exit staircase and hotel internal guestroom
corrid or.

Note * re dun dancy (N+ 1) ac hieved by having at least 2 zones for ductless system in operation, in which N+1
fans for each zone is not re q uire d.

b. Non-powere d syste m

Where automatic smoke ventilators are use d as part of the smoke control system, there shall be at least 10%
redu nda ncy on the qua ntitie s of ventilators and shall be located such that they are not affected by the wind. The
quantity of the red und ant ve ntilat ors shall be round up t o whol e numbers, based on the largest size of the ventilators
used.

Diag ram 7.1.13c.(1 ) - 1 : Un protected openi ng perpendic ular to the kitchen exhaust duc t
Diag ram 7.1.13c.(1 ) - 2 : Un protected openi ng parall el to the kitchen exhaust duc t

Diag ram 7.1.13c.(2 ) : Fire resistance construction for kitchen exhaust duc t
 Diag ram 7.1.13c.(3 ) : Installation of non -fire-rated kitchen exhaust duct above LPG cylinder s

Diag ram 7.1.13c.(4 ) : Installation of non -fire-rated kitchen exhaust duct in close proxi mity to LPG cylinders and vapourise r
Diag ram 7.4.4e. (4) - 1 : Wiri ng arrangement of jet fan syste m

Diag ram 7.4.4e. (4) - 2 : Wiri ng arrangement of jet fan syste m

8.1 EXIT LIGHTING AND EXIT SIGN

8.1.1 Exit lighting

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a. Exits of all buildings, except for PG I, shall be provided with artificial lighting faci lities to the satisfaction of the
requ ireme nts unde r this Cod e.

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b. The minimum illumina nce to be provid ed for all exits and the spacing for luminai res shall be in accordance with
the req uirem ents in SS 563.

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c. The delay betwee n the fai lure of the el ectrical supply to normal li ghting and the energisation of the exit lighting
shall not exceed 1 sec.

8.1.2 Emergency lighting for corridors and lobbies

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a. Emergency lighting shal l be provided in a ll corri dors and lobbies of all buil dings except PG I.

b. The minimum level of illu minance, the spacing of lumi naires and the maximum del ay for emergency lighting
requ ire d in this clause shall be the same as that for the exit lighting.

8.1.3 Emergency lighting for occupied areas

a. For all buil dings except PG I or II, emergency lighting shall be provided in the occupied areas following the
requ ireme nts below:

(1) al ong p aths leadi ng to co rrid ors, lobbi es and exits in all occupied areas where the direct distance from the
entry point of the corrido r, l obby or exit to the furthest point in the area concerned exceeds 13m; or

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(2) ove r the wh ole of such a rea if there are no explicit paths leading to corridors, lobbies and exits.

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b. The provision of eme rg en cy lighting is exempted for:

(1) o pen -to-sky roof terrace/ gard en; and

(2) o pen -sided sin gle storey buildi ng, with floor area not exceeding 200m and openings that constitute at least
2

80% of the perimete r wal l area (measu red along the roof eaves).

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

c. Notwithstanding the req ui rements in Cl.8.1.3a. above, emergency lighting shall be provided in the following
locations:

(1) Lift cars as stipulated in this Code;

(2) Fi re Comma nd Ce ntres;

(3) Ge ne rator rooms;

(4) Basement a nd ab ovegro und multi -storey car parks;

(5) Fi re pump rooms; and

(6) Areas of refug e within th e same building.

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d. The minimum level of illu minance shall comply with the requirements in SS 563.

e. The delay bet wee n the fai lure of the el ectrical supply to normal li ghting and the energisation of the emergency
lighting fo r occupied a reas shall not exceed 1 5 secs.
8.1.4 Emergency lighting for firefighting facilities

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a. Fire ala rm pan els, fire ala rm call points and firefi ghting equipm ent shall be adequately illuminated at all times so
that they can be rea dily located.

b. The minimum level of illu minance shall comply with the requirements in SS 563.

c. The delay betwee n the fai lure of the el ectrical supply to normal li ghting and the energisation of the emergency
lighting fo r firefig hting facilities shall not exceed 15 secs.

8.1.5 Secondary source of power supply

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a. The delay for e nergisatio n of the exit and emergency lighting systems between normal supply and the secondary
source shall be as stipulate d in the releva nt clauses.

b. Durati on of the second ary source of powe r supply shal l comply with the requi rements in SS 563.

c. Location, arrangeme nt an d control, installation of elec trical wiring of the secondary source of supply, be it in the
form of battery, standby gen erato r, inverte r or other accepted equipment, shall comply with the requi rements in SS
563.

8.1.6 Luminaire

All exit and emerge ncy luminaires requi red by this Code shall be of approved type as specified in SS 563.

8.1.7 Exit and exit directional signs

[Link] sign

(1) Th e entrance to every ex it on every floor shall be clearly indicated by an exit sign placed over the exit
door. Such signs shall be pl aced so as to be clearly visible at all times.

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(2) Exit sign shall be provid ed over all the exit access doors for rooms with more than one door.
(See Dia gram 8.1.7a.(2) )

(3) Exit sign shall be provid ed over final discharge door within exit enclosure such as exit staircase and
intern al exit passageway ha ving other exit/ exit access door opening int o the exit enclosure at the
discharge flo or (se e Diag ra m 8.1.7a.(3 )).

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023

(4) Exemption

Exit sign is not requi red u nd er the following situations:

(a) PG I and II buildi ngs

(b) Room provided with eme rgency lighting

When a room is provide d with only one door (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(4)(b ).

(c) Room with out eme rge ncy lighting

(i) Wh en a room is provided with only one door and the direct distance from the furthest
distance in the ro om to the exit access door is 7m or less (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(4)(c)(i ) – 1 & 2);
or

(ii) Wh en the fu rthest point i n the room to the exit access door is 13m or less and wall of the
room comprises not less than 50% clear glazing facing ( see Diagram 8.1.7a. (4)(c)(ii ) ):

• an inte rnal co rrid or covered by emergency lighting,

• an external corridor, or
 • the extern al of the buil ding.

(d) Op en -sided singl e storey building, with floor area not exceeding 200m and openi ngs that
2

constitute at least 80% of the perimet er wall area (meas ured along the roof eaves).

(e) W hen a room o r internal space is fully open towards an external corri dor or the external of a
buildi ng.

(f) Exit enclosure such as exit staircase and internal exit passageway not provided wi th final
discharge d oo r (see Di agra m 8.1.7a.(4)(f) ).

[Link] signs

(1) In lo ng corrido rs, in open floor areas, and in all situat ions where the location of the exits may not be
read ily visible, directional si gns shall be provided to serve as guides from all portions of the corridors or
floors. (See Dia gram 8.1.7b. (1) )

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(2) In rooms whe re the lin e of sight to the exit access door is obstructed, di rectional sign shall be
provide d.

(3) Exemption

Direction al sign is not req uired und er the foll owi ng situat ions:

(a) PG I and II buildi ngs.

(b) Op en -to-sky roof terrace/ garden.

(c) Open -sided sin gle storey building, with floor area not exceeding 200m and openi ngs that
2

constitute at least 80% of the perimet er wall area (meas ured along the roof eaves).

c. Low level signs

Additional l ow level o r floor -mounted exit and exit directional signs shall be provided in hotel accommodation
floors includin g bo ardi ng ho uses.

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d. Signs within exit stairca se

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(1) W here the SCDF h as allowed u nder Cl.2.3.5d. for upper storey staircase to be continuous with that
serving the baseme nt, appro priate signage, including pic torials, shall be placed at strategic location inside
the staircase to direct occupants out of the buildi ng in ti mes of emergency.

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(2) W here the direction of travel to exit discharge is upward, the staircase signage required
unde r Cl.2.3.1 b. shall comply with SS 508.

e. Electrically-po wered e xi t and directional signs

The lege nds, dimensions, de sign and installati on of elect rically -powered exit and directional signs shall
comply with SS 563. Either grap hic or text format can be used for the design of the signage.

f. Self-luminous sign

The use of self -lumino us exit and directional signs powered by radioactive materi al are permitted in
buildi ngs, provide d the signs comply with UL 924, SS 563 and SS 508 (Part 1, 2, 3 & 5) . Either graphic or
text format can be used for the design of the signage. In addition, SS 563 Part 1 shall be complied with for
determin ation of the viewing distance with distance factor (Z) fixed at 50.

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8.1.8 Photoluminescent marking

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a. In all buildin gs, except PG I & II, photoluminescent marking/ tape to guide occupants along evacuation routes to
approp riate exit shall be p ro vided:

(1) al ong i ntern al walls an d/ or floo rs of the exit staircase, smoke -free lobby and fire lift lobby;

(2) o n the do ors of smoke -free lobby, fire lift lobby and exit staircase; and

(3) al ong co rrid or wit h exit directional signs.

b. The width of ph otolumi ne scent marking or tape shal l be at least 50mm and be placed at low level. The bottom of
the low level sign shall n ot b e less than 150mm or more than 400mm above the floor l evel.

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c. Omission of photolumin escent marking/ tape is permitt ed on the foll owing conditions:

(1) the emerg ency powe r su pply of the exit lightings, exit signs and directional signs in the above locations
shall be self -contai ned b atte ry pack (single point emergency lighting system) in compliance with SS 563 or
central batte ry supply backed up by stand -by generator;

(2) the re shall b e at least 2 emerg ency luminaires in the smoke -free lobby, fire lift lobby and corridor with exit
direction al signs, such that no pa rt of such spaces shall be left in total darkness should there be failure of any
one of the eme rge ncy lumin aires; and

(3) the re shall b e at least on e emerg ency luminaire at every exit staircase landing.

8.2 EMERGENCY VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND FIRE COMMAND CENTRE

(FCC)

8.2.1 One-way emergency voice communication system

One-way emergency voice communication system and a FCC shall be provided as fol lows:

a. For all large b uildin gs un der PG III (not applicable to primary school, secondary school and j unior colleges), IV, V,
VI, VII and VIII with AFA greater than 500 0m² or having a total occupant load exceeding 1000 persons. The
calculation of AFA and occupa nt loa d shall exclude the aboveground or underground car park; or

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

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b. For all buil dings b elon gin g to PG III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII of more than 24m in habitabl e height; or

Effective Date: 2 Dec 2019

c. For buildin g of mixed commercial -cum-residential usage:

(1) whe re the commercial co mponent of the buildi ng occupies only the lower portion of the buildi ng and is
separate d from the residenti al occupancies, the habitabl e height of the commercial c omponent of the buil ding
exceeds 24m, or

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(2) whe re a commercial com pone nt of the buildi ng is located above any residential occupancies, the habitabl e
height of the b uildi ng excee ds 24m.

d. Exception

For hotel o r he althcare build ings of less than 24m in habitable hei ght, AFA not great er than 5000m ² and total
occupant load not exceedin g 1000 p ersons, an ordinary public address system shall be provided. However, FCC is
not req uire d. Lou dspeake rs for the ordina ry public address system shall be provided in every lift lobby, staircase
enclosure a nd oth er strateg i c positions within audi ble di stance of all parts of all storeys throughout the buil ding.

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8.2.2 Two-way emergency voice communication system
 a. Two-way emerg ency voice communication system shall be provided for

(1) b uildi ngs, which are req u ired to be provided with one -way emergency voice communication system
unde r Cl.8.2.1 a. , b. or c.; and

Effective Date: 2 Dec 2019

(2) all multi -level b asements of buildings under PG II to VIII, except the following:

(a) Sing le-l evel basement, irrespective of its usage of building under PG II to VIII and basements of
buildi ng of PG I.

(b) Multi-level baseme nts of buildi ng under PG II, provided the basements are used solely for car parking
and not exceed ing two base ment storeys in depth.

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b. Two-way emerg ency voice communication system, where requi red, shall provide two -way communication bet ween
the FCC an d the follo wing areas:

(1) Every fire lift lobby, inclu ding 1 storey

st

(2) All firefig hting -re lated m echanical eq uipment rooms (These include sprinkler pump room, wet rising mai n
pump ro om, hose ree l pump room, switch rooms and generator rooms.)

(3) All ro oms housing smoke control equi pment

(4) All lift machine ro oms

(5) Fi re lift (Whe re the lift car is equipp ed with built -i n intercom system that complies with SS 546, the two-way
communication system can be exempted)

(6) Each a rea of refuge

(7) Air -ha ndlin g control roo ms (Where AHU can be remotely monitored and cont roll ed at the FCC, and cannot
be by -passed local ly, and th e electrical cabling between AHU rooms and FCC are fire -rated, the two -way
emerg ency voice communication system can be exe mpted.)

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8.2.3 Standard

Where a one -way or two -wa y emergency voice communication system is required by this Code, it shall comply with the
requ ireme nts stipulated in SS 546.

8.2.4 Fire Command Centre

a. Provision

A FCC shall be provided i n any buildi ng, with the except ion of buildings under PG I and II (PG II building having not
more than two baseme nt storeys used solely for car park ing), which requires any of the followi ng installati ons:

(1) Fi re lift.

(2) Emergency voice communication system.

(3) Engi nee re d smoke control system.

b. Supporting equipment

A FCC is a room within a b ui lding d edicated to the cont rolling and monitoring of fire protection systems during a fire
emerg ency. As such, equipment/services not meant for this purpose shall not be locat ed inside the FCC with
exception of the following:

(1) Lift supe rvisory pane l.

(2) Backgro und music system connected to one -way em ergency voice communication system rack.
 (3) W orkstation/server rack for security card access & CCTV system for security monitoring.

(4) W orkstation/server rack for car pa rk access control system.

(5) W orkstation/server rack for fire al arm's colour graphi cs system.

(6) W orkstation/server rack for BMS/BAS monitoring and controlling other ACMV system.

(7) W alkie-talkie cha rgin g stations.

(8) UPS system with totally sealed batte ry capacity not exceeding 750Amp -hr.

Effective Date: 2 Mar 2020

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c. Size

A FCC shall be of ade quat e size to house all the terminals and supervisory/ control equipment etc. of the building's
fire protection/detection systems, as well as a free worki ng space (unobstructed by door swing) of at least 6m and2

minimum clear width of 2m.

d. Location

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023

(1) Th e FCC shall b e locate d at the same level as the fire engine accessway or fire engine access road and its
entra nce shall be locate d in the followi ng order of priorit y:

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(a) Th e travel distance bet ween the nearest edges of the FCC door and fire lift lobby door at the
designate d storey of the buil ding shall not exceed 5m.

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(b) In the case wh ere there is no fire lift lobby, it shall be located withi n vicinity of the fire engine
accessway or fire engin e access road. The travel distance between the nearest edges of the FCC door
and ent rance of o ne of the p rotected stairs servin g all storeys of the developm ent shall not exceed 5m.

(c) It shall be at any other lo cation as may be designated by the SCDF.

(2) In the case of a site consisting of more than one buil ding which required FCC i n accordance wit h Cl.8.2.1,
there shall b e more th an on e FCC. For such cases, the SCDF shall be consulted.

e. Constru ction

The construction of enclosu re, facilities and lighting of a FCC shall comply with the SS 546.

f. Air-conditioning and/ or mechanical ven tilation

Air-conditio nin g and/ o r mechanical ventilatio n where required for the F CC shall be provided with secondary power
supply and shall h ave ductworks indepe nde nt of any other ductwork serving other parts of the building.

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 Diagram 8.1.7a. (2)

Diagram 8.1.7a. (3)(b)(i )

Diagram 8.1.7a. (3)(c)(i ) - 1

Diagram 8.1.7a. (3)(c)(i ) - 2

Diagram 8.1.7a. (3)(c)(ii )

Diagram 8.1.7b. (1)

This chapter specifies the a ddition al re quirements pecul iar to buil dings of respective purpose groups. These addi tional
requ ireme nts shall be re ad i n conjunction with other requirements relevant to the respective purpose groups stipulated i n
Chapte r 1 to 8 of this Cod e. Where there are conflicting requi rements between this chapter and the precedi ng chapters,
the req uirem ents stipulated i n this chapter shall take precedence.

9.1 PURPOSE GROUP I OCCUPANCY

9.1.1 General

a. Means of es cape

(1) Single household dwelling

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Buildings un der PG I can consist of more than three floors if they are occupied as a single household dwelli ng.

(2) Basemen t levels

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

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For PG I buildin g which has four or mo re levels (including the basement levels and attics), the basement levels
shall discharge directly to the external space at grade level.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(3) Acce ss s tairc ase s

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Means of escape for a bui ldi ng or a sep arat e part of a building of singl e occupancy of PG I can be provided via
access staircase(s).

b. Structural fire pr ecau tio ns

(1) Attic floor

An attic in buildings und er P G I can be constructed of timber boarding on timber jois ts, provided it is protected
to achieve the fire resistance rating req uired of the elem ents of structure of the building or compartment.

(2) Floor ove r a basemen t

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

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For PG I buildin g which has four or mo re levels (including the basement storeys and attics), the floor
immediately over the b asement storeys shall be compart mented by compartment wall s/ floors. Where there is
an internal conn ection between the b asement sto reys and upper levels, it shall be compartment ed by a fire -
rated d oor at the 1st storey landin g.

c. Extent of unpro tec ted o penings

(1) Th e extent of unp rotecte d openi ngs in an external wall of a buildi ng under PG I, in relati on to its distance
from the rel evant bou nda ry, can be based on the internal room/space in the bui lding that has the largest extent
of unprotected op enin gs to comp ly with Table 1 of Annex 3B .

(2) Inte rnal walls enclosing t he ro om/space in the buil ding except glazing, are not required to be fire -rat ed, but
shall be constructed of no n -combustible materials.

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2021

d. PV installation

For PV installations the req u irements shall be as follows:

 (1) Fo r access to the PV installations on the roof, a portable sturdy or cat/ ship ladder to the roof access shall
be provided.

(2) All access hatches, if provided, shall be readily accessible from the roof. The access hatch opening shall
have a minimum clear wi dth of 1m in diameter.

(3) A clearance of 1m aroun d the access/ hatch opening shall be provided.

(4) Fo r fire resistance of PV modules, it shall be in accordance with Cl. 10.2.1c. .

(5) Fo r emergency disconne ction of the PV modules, it shall be in accordance with Cl.10.2.1e. .

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

9.2 PURPOSE GROUP II OCCUPANCY

9.2.1 General

a. Means of es cape

(1) Mea ns of escape for a b uildin g or a separated part of a building of PG II shall comply with the provision
of Cl.2.3.

(2) Number o f exit s tairc as es or exits per sto rey

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In a block of residential a partments or maisonettes, at least two independent exit staircases or other exits from
every storey shall be provid ed, in compliance with the requi rements of Cl.2.2.11, unless otherwise permitted.

(3) Provision for buildings not exc eeding 24m in habitable height

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In a block of residential a partments or maisonettes not exceeding 24m in habitable height, one exit staircase
can be allo wed p rovide d the one -way travel distance is complied wit h.

(4) Provision for buildings exce eding 24m in habitable height

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In a block of residential a partments or maisonettes exceeding 24m in habitable height , one exit staircase can
be provided, subject to all of the followin g conditions:

(a) Th e buil ding’s ha bitabl e height shall not exceed 60m , unless otherwise permitted by the SCDF.

(b) Th e single exit staircase shall serve not more than four apartments or maisonettes at each storey.

(c) Provision of exits for each residential apartment or maisonette shall comply with the requirements
unde r Cl.9.2.1 a.(5 ) .

(d) Travel distance from the most remote exit door to the exit staircase from each apartment or maisonette
shall not exceed 15m.

(e) Th e app ro ach to the exit staircase shall be through cross ventilated corridor/ lobby in accordance
with Cl.1.4.29, except that the ventilation openings shall have a minimum width of 2m and a minimum
height of 1.2m, as well as th e following requi rements:

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(i) the o peni ngs shall be u no bstructed from the parapet wall or balustrade level upwards and be
positioned on op posite sides of the corridor/ lobby such that they provide cross ventilation
throu gho ut the entire space of the corridor/ lobby; and

(ii) the e ntire cross ventilate d corridor/ lobby shall be unobstructed and maintained at minimum 2m
width throug hout.
 (f) Whe re multipl e ventilatio n openi ngs are provided on opposite sides of the corri dor/ lobby, the minimum
width an d heig ht of each op ening shal l not be less than 1m and 1.2m, respectively, provided the
aggregat e width of the o peni ngs at each opposite side is not less than 2m. (See Diagram 9.2.1a.(4)(f) )

(5) Exits from residen tial unit

(a) In e ach reside ntial ap art ment or maisonette unit, the exit access door or doors shall be provided such
that the travel distance mea sured from any point withi n the unit to the ent rance door(s) of the unit shall
not exceed 20m. See Dia gra m 9.2.1a.(5)(a)

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(b) In the case of a maisone tte unit comprising not more than two storeys, where a single ent rance door is
provide d:

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(i) the d oor shal l not be loca ted on the upper storey of the unit; and

(ii) the flo or a rea of the u pp er storey shall not exceed 60m², unless a separate exit is provided on
this upper storey.

(c) All exits from residential or maisonette units shall have direct access to an exit staircase, exit
passageway or extern al spa ce.

(6) Mea suremen t of tr avel distanc e

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Travel distance of a resid ent ial unit shall be measured from its entrance door(s) to the exit staircase. Where a
residenti al unit re qui res two entra nce doors at the same storey level, and if only one exit staircase is required,
the travel distance shall be measured from the most remote door. If two or more exit staircases are required,
the travel distance shall be measured from the entrance door of each unit.

(7) Smoke-fre e approa ch to exit staircase

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In a block of residential a partments or maisonettes, a smoke -free approach to an exit staircase can be provided
by means of an external corridor, complying with Cl.2.3.10.

(8) T ravel distance

(a) On e-way travel distance

In a block of residential a partments or maisonettes where the means of escape is through an external
corridor, the on e -way travel distance measured from the door of the apartment or mai sonette to the exit
staircase shall not exceed 2 0m, or 24m if the aggregate one-way travel distance wit hin the unit and
along th e extern al corri dor d oes not exceed 40m. The above one -way travel distances along the external
corridor shall n ot apply to re sidential apartment s or mais onettes in a buil ding exceedi ng 24m permitted
unde r Cl.9.2.1 a.(3 ) .

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(b) Two-way travel distance

In a block of residential a partments or maisonettes, the two -way travel distance can be extended to 45m if
the means of escape is thro ugh an external corridor as i n Cl.2.3.10.

In the case of buildings which are requi red to be provided with rising mai ns, the number and distribution of
rising mains specified in Ch apter 6 shall be complied wit h.

(9) Protection of stair cas e s

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The re quirements for un prot ected open ings stipulated under Cl.2.3.3a. (2) and Cl.2. 3.3b.(2) for internal and
external exit staircases, respectively need not be compli ed with for PG II buildi ngs provided:

(a) the exit staircases are cross ventilated and maintai ned under smoke -free conditions at all times; and

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(b) u nprotected op enin gs of the apartment or maisonette units are not facing or venti lating into the exit
staircase enclosures, as shown in Diagram 9.2.1a.(9).

(10 ) Ventilation
 (a) Exit staircase

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

All exit staircases shall be naturally ventilated. Where an exit staircase is used as storey shelter,
mechanical ventilation is pe rmitted provided there are m ore than one exit staircase, with the remaining
exit staircase(s) being n aturally ventilated.

(b) Common inte rnal co rrid o r

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(i) The i ntern al corri do r not forming part of smoke -free approach to exit staircase shall have
ventilation op enin gs of not less than 15% of the floor area and l ocated not more than 9m from any
part of the common inte rnal corridor.

(ii) Wh ere th e common internal corri dor is cross ventilated, it shall be in accordance
with Cl.2.2.13 b.(7 )(c) .

(b) Struc tural fir e prec auti on

(1) W all separa ting residen tial apartmen t or maisonette

(a) Each residential dwelli ng unit shall be compartmented from adjoi ning units and ot her parts of the same
buildi ng by construction havi ng at least 1 -hr fire resistance rating and unit’s exit access door of ½ -hr fi re
resistance rating, u nless otherwise per mitted under Cl.2. 3.10d.

(b) Any compartment wall se parati ng a residential apartment or maisonette from any other part of the
same buildin g, shall separately comply with fire resistance requi rements:

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(i) the wall forms part of a p rotected shaft and the minim um period of fire resistance required by the
provisions of this Code fo r the protecting structure is more than one hour, or

(ii) the p art of the bui ldin g from which the wall separates the residenti al apartment or maisonette is
of a different p urp ose gro up and the minimum period of fire resistance requi red by the provisions of
this Code for a ny element of structure in that part is more than one hour.

(2) Attic floor

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An attic in buildings und er P G II can be constructed of timber boarding on timber jois ts, provided it is protected
to achieve the fire resistance rating req uired of the elem ents of structure of the building or compartment.

(3) Sepa ration of r esidenti al floor facad e

For resid ential b uildin gs exceedin g 24m in habitabl e hei ght, the facade of every unit shall be separated from
each othe r by:

(a) a minimum 1 -h r fire -rated spand rel of at least 1.5m in height, or

(b) a minimum 1 -h r fire -rated ho rizontal projection that extends at least 600mm from the building.

Note: Balcony and ai r -con l e dge can be used as part of t his horizontal proj ection if they protrude at least
600mm from the buil din g facade an d have at least 1 -hr fi re-rated construction.

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c. Single household dwelling house classifi ed as clu ster housing within PG II development

In a PG II mixed occupancy developme nt, the single household dwelling house classified as cluster housing can
adopt the req uireme nts stipulated in Cl.9.1. 1.

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2021

9.2.2 Super high-rise residential building

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2019

a. Refuge floor
Super hi gh-rise resid ential b uildin gs, with or without mixed occupancies, shall be provided with at least one refuge
floor at an int erval of not mo re than 2 0 storeys, i.e., each refuge floor shal l not serve more than the 20 storeys
immediately above it. Th e re fuge floor sh all comply with all of the followi ng requi rem ents:

(1) It shall be of mason ry construction having at least 2 -hr fire resistance rating.

(2) At least 50% of the accessible floor area of the refuge floor shall be designated as an evacuee holding
area. Th ere shal l be no resi dential u nit or part of the uni t on the refuge floor.

(3) Th ere sha ll be no comme rcial activities in the evacuee holdi ng area, however, it can be used as space for
physical exercises or a children’s playg round. All equi pment placed wit hin the evacuee holdi ng area shall be
made/constructed of no n -co mbustible m aterials.

(4) Th e size of the evacuee holdin g area shall be adequate to accommodate at least the total occupant load of
all storeys above the refu ge floor, up till the next higher refuge floor, or the remaini ng floors, based on 0.3m ²
per p erson.

(5) Th e evacuee h oldin g are a shall be separated from other areas of the refuge floor by compartment walls
having at least 2 -hr fire resi stance rating. Linking of the evacuee hol ding area with other occupied rooms/areas
shall be via an external corri dor, or a smoke-free lobby complying with Cl. 2.2.13a.

Effective Date: 15 Sep 2020

(6) Th e evacuee h oldin g are a shall be naturally ventilated with permanent openings on at least two sides of the
external walls, with total are a of at least 25% of the floor area of the evacuee hol ding area.

(7) Th e minimum heig ht (me asured from the sill to the top) of each openi ng shall be at least 1.2m.

(8) All pa rts of the evacuee holdin g area shall be within 9m of a ventilation opening.

(9) Ventil ation o peni ngs shal l be located at least 1.5m horizontally from and 3m vertically above unprotected
openi ngs, except for ventilation ope nin gs which total area as specified in Cl.9.2.2a.(6) above is at least 50% of
the evacuee ho ldin g are a, the vertical distance from the unprotected openings can be reduced to 1.5m.

(10 ) A sprinkler system shall be provid ed for the refuge floor if there is any non -residential room located on the
same floor.

(11 ) Escape routes lea ding t o the evacuee holding area shall be through a smoke -free/ fire lift lobby or external
corrid or.

(12 ) Emerge ncy lighting shal l be provid ed to cover all areas of the evacuee hol ding area. Such lighting shall be
connected to a second ary p owe r supply, i.e. generator, battery, etc., and shall be able to provide horizontal
luminance at floo r level of n ot l ess than 5 lux. The delay between the failure of the electrical supply for norm al
lighting a nd the e nergization of the emergency lighting for occupied areas shall not exceed 15 secs.

(13 ) A sign depicting “EVACUEE HOLDING AREA” shall be displayed i nside the exit staircase and on wall
immediately outside the exit staircase at the refuge floor. The sign of lettering size of at least 50mm shall be
displayed at a hei ght of 1.5 m above the l anding/finished floor level.

(b) Provision of fire lift

(1) Th e fire lift car shall hav e a clear a rea/ space of not less than 1.7m (depth) x 1.5m (width).

(2) Two-way emerg ency voice communication system shall be provided between the fi re lift lobby at the refuge
floor an d the follo wing l ocations in ord er of priority:

(a) FCC, or

(b) Mai n alarm p anel, o r

(c) Respective fire lift lobby at grad e level nearest the fire engine access road.

(3) At least two fire lifts shall be provid ed for a super hi gh -rise residenti al buil ding.
 Diag ram 9.2.1a. (4)(f) : Provi sion of exit staircase for residential buildi ng not exceedi ng 60m in habitable height

In a block of residential a partments or maisonettes not exceeding 60m in habitable height, one exit staircase onl y can be
provide d to every storey.

Diag ram 9.2.1a. (5)(a) : Provision of exit for apartment unit

 Diag ram 9.2.1a. (9) : Cross -ventilated exit staircase to residential apartment/maisonette

Exit staircase is cross -ventilated an d maintain ed un der smoke -free condition at all ti mes. Unprotected openi ngs of the
apartme nt/maisonette units are n ot facing or ventilating into the exit staircase enclosure.

9.3 PURPOSE GROUP III OCCUPANCY

9.3.1 General

(Not in use )

9.3.2 Healthcare occupancy

a. General

Sprinkler shall be provided f or he althcare occupancy with patient accommodation if:

(1) it comprises more th an o ne storey, or

(2) it is located on a n upp er storey other than first storey, or

(3) its larg est non -comp artm ented AFA exceeds 750m².

b. Hospital

They shall comply with the followi ng ad dition al requirements:

(1) Basemen t
 Patient accommodation a rea containing beds shall not be located in basement storeys.

(2) Width o f exit

The minimum clear wi dth of an exit door opening shall be not less than 1.2m.

(3) Number o f exits per wa rd

For patie nt accommodation wards where the occupant load exceeds 50 persons, each ward shall be provided
with at least two exits, which shall be rem otely located from each other.

(4) Provision of a rea of r efuge

Every upper storey used fo r the accommodation of pati ents shall be provided with at least one area of refuge.
The size of the area of refug e shall be computed based on Table 1.4B . For hospital and nursing home, the area
of refuge sha ll be sized ade quately to accommodate the number of beds of minimum dimension 2.55m (length)
by 1.1m (width) and comput ed based o n occupant load f actor of 2.8m /person for the ward served by the area of
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refug e.

(a) Fo r area of ref uge n ot ad jacent to the patient ward, t he routes leading to the area of refuge shall be
throu gh:

(i) an external co rrid or comp lying with Cl 2.3.10, or

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

(ii) a p rotected lo bby separa ted from the adj oining areas of the building by a wall and door of at least
1-h r fire resistance rating. T he protected lobby shall have a minimum size of 4m (length) by 2m
(width ) an d ventilated in accordance with Cl 2.2.13b.(7)(a) or (b)

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(b) Fo r area of ref uge imme diately adjacent to a patient ward, the routes leading to the area of refuge
need n ot be throug h an exte rnal corridor provided both t he area of refuge and the adjacent patient ward
are:

(i) fire comp artmente d from each other by a wall and door of at least 1 -hr fire resistance rating;

(ii) p rovide d with en gine ere d smoke control and the desi gn smoke layer height shall be at least 2.5m
above the finishe d floor; a nd

(iii) p rovide d with minimum of 2 remotely located exit access between them.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(5) Size and compartmenta tion of patient accommodation area

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(a) Each pati ent accommoda tion ward shall not exceed a floor area of 750m² and an occupant load of 75
persons, calculated o n the b asis of Accessible Floor Area (AFA) of 10m² per person.

(b) Fo r single storey p remises not protected by sprinkler, each patient accommodation ward shall be
constructed as a compartme nt having at least 1 -hr fire resistance rating and at least ½ -hr fire resistance
rating d oor fo r protection of door openings. It s hall be provided with an automatic fire alarm system.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(c) For spri nkler -protected p remises, patient accommodation ward area shall not exceed a fire
compartment size 2100m² a nd shall be separated by full -hei ght smoke barri er (up to soffit of the slab) for
patient ro oms of aggregate d area n ot exceeding 750m² wi thin the ward.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(6) Provision of fir e es cap e bed lifts

(a) At least two fire escape bed lifts shall be provided for premises with more than one storey. They shall
be located remotely from ea ch other and sited adjacent to a protected exit staircase. Each area of refuge
shall also be served by at le ast one fire escape bed lift. Fire lift can doubl e -up as a fire escape bed lift
 provide d there is more than one fire lift and at least one shall remain as a dedicated fire lift. Where the
fire lift doubl es up as fire escape bed lift, its dimension shall be as specified in Cl.9. 3.2b.(6)(c) .

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(b) Th e fire escape b ed lift shall be contai ned within a protected shaft, constructed to comply with the
relevant requi reme nts unde r Cl.3.8.

(c) The ent ry into the fire es cape bed lift and the protected exit staircase shall be through a common
protected lo bby. The fire esc ape be d lift shall have a minimum clear platform size of 2.8m (dept h) by 1.8m
(width ). The p rotected lob by shall have a mini mum size of 5m (length) by 4m (widt h). In the situation
whe re the p rotected lo bby is also serving as a smoke -free lobby or fire lift lobby, the floor area of the
lobby shall be of sufficient size to accommodate both the evacuation of the requi red number of beds, as
well as the passage of oth er occupants into the protected staircase.

(d) A signag e shall be d ispla yed outside the bed lift stating “FIRE ESCAPE BED LIFT”.

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(e) Th e escape ro ute for the fire escape bed lift at the 1 storey level shall be prot ected from other
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occupancy areas by 1 -h r fire resistance separation and shall discharge di rectly into an external space.

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(f) An fire escape b ed lift that opens directly into an external corridor and which is sited adjacent to a
protected exit staircase doe s not requi re a protected lobby, provided there is no unprotected opening
within 3m ho rizontally from t he fire escape bed lift door openi ng. The fire escape bed lift provided in this
situation may be treate d as a common bed lift that can serve multiple compartments located on the same
floor.

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(g) An fire escape bed lift sh all be provided with the following features:

(i) a second ary po wer sup pl y from an emergency generating plant;

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(ii) a switch labe lled “F ire E scape Bed Lift”, situated nex t to the lift landing door at the final exit
storey, which enabl es an aut horised person nominated by the building management to take control of
the lift car durin g an eme rge ncy. The operating of th e switch shall be similar to fire lift operational
features stipulate d in SS 550. Such a switch is not needed in two -storey buil dings;

(iii) a communicatio ns system (except in two -storey buil dings) shall be installed to allow
communication between occ upants at each lift landi ng and the operat or in the lift car; and

(iv) the installatio n of fire es cape bed lifts shall be in accordance with SS 550.

(7) Internal ac ces s to ward s

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A patient accommodation wa rd with access through an internal corridor shall comply with the following
requ ireme nts:

(a) e ach wa rd shall be sep arated from the internal corri dor by a wall having at least 1 -hr fire resistance
rating;

(b) d oors op eni ng into a n int erna l corridor shall have at least ½ -hr fire resistance rati ng and be fitted with
an automatic self -closing de vice to comply with the requi rements of Cl.3.9.2; or be held open by an
electromag netic or electromechanical device;

(c) req uirements on fire com partmentati on under Cl.9.3.2b.(7)(a) and Cl.9.3.2b.(7)(b) can be rel axed up to
a size of 2100m² as per Cl.9 .3.2b.(5)(c) , if the premises is sprinkler -protected;

(d) a n internal corrido r shall be naturally cross ventilated in accordance with Cl.2.2. 13b.(7)(c) ;

(e) a n internal corrido r can be provided wit h mechanical ventilation and pressurisati on in lieu of natural
ventilation; an d

(f) othe r non -p atient accommodation areas or spaces which open i nto or form part of the internal corridor,
and wh ich can jeorpadise th e means of escape provision, shall be compartmentalised by 1 -hr fire-rated
enclosures an d ½ -h r fire-rat ed doo rs unless oth erwise al lowed under Cl.9.3. 2b.(4)(b) and Cl.9.3.2b.(6)(c).

(8) Ex ternal a cce ss to war ds

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External access to a patient accommodation ward shall be through external corridor complying with Cl. 2.3.10.

(9) Smoke-fre e approa ch to exit staircase

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(a) Entry into a n exit staircase from any part of a buil ding of more than four storeys above ground level
shall comply with the req uire ments of smoke -free approach to an exit staircase, as stipulated in Cl.2.2.13.

(b) W here a smoke -free l obb y is provided to an exit staircase to serve a patient accommodation floor, or
any area whe re p atients may need to be evacuated on mattresses or stretchers, the lobby shall have a
minimum clear space (u nobs tructed by door swi ng) o f 6m².

(10 ) Stairca se landing width/depth

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(a) Exit staircases that serve a patient accommodation floor to be used by patients i n an emergency fire
situation shall be d esigne d to allow the evacuation of patients on mattresses or stretchers.

(b) Th e width of stairs, and staircase landing width and depth shall comply with Tabl e 9.3A .

c. Nursing home, convales cent home, home for the aged and hospice

They shall comply with the full req uirements stated under Cl.9.3.2a. and b. for hospital.

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d. Custodian car e fa cility

It shall comply with the following a ddition al re qui rement s:

(1) whe re such facilities are located within a building of mixed use, they shall be compartmentalised from other
spaces and occupancies by walls and d oors having at least 1 -hr fire resistance rating. The requirement on the
provision of fire compa rtmen tatio n will not a pply if the building is sprinkler -protected. In addition, the foll owing
requ ireme nts shall be compl ied with:

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2021

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(a) whe re such facilities are located on the 1st storey, they shall be provided with direct access to the exterior
of the buildi ng;

Effective Date: Immediate

(b) whe re located o n up per storeys, they shall be sited adjacent to an exit staircase with direct access through
a smoke-free lo bby to the staircase (minimum one exit staircase); and

(c) whe re the re is no fire lift lobby or smoke -free lobby, there shall be at least one di rect access to the exit
staircase.

(2) Institutions for the ment a lly disabled shall be designed with each storey having an area of refuge i n accordance
with Cl.1.4.9 a nd Tabl e 1.4B . Fire safety requirements under Cl.9.3.2b. - Hospital, shall be fully complied with,
except Cl.9.3.2b.(6 ) on p rovi sion of escape bed lift and Cl.9.3.2b.(10) on staircase landing width/depth.

e. Supervisory ca re facility

It shall comply with Cl.9.3.2a. and b., except Cl.9.3.2b.(6) on provision of fire escape bed lift and Cl.9.3.2b.(10) on
staircase landin g width/d ept h.

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f. Ambulatory heal thcar e c entre

It shall comply with the following a ddition al re qui rement s:

(1) if located within a b uildin g of mixed use, shall be compartmentalised from other tenants and occupancies by
walls and d oors havin g at le ast 1 -hr fire resistance rating;

(2) shall b e provided with its own means of escape to at least one exit staircase; and

(3) shall fully comply with Cl .9.3.2a. and b., except Cl.9. 3.2b.(4) on provision of area of refuge for horizontal
evacuation, Cl.9.3.2 b.(6 ) on provision of fire escape bed -lift and Cl.9.3.2b. (10) on stai rcase landi ng/depth.
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g. Other outpa tient clinics

Outpatient clinics shall be catego rised as PG V occupancy and shall comply with all relevant requi rements for such
premises/ usage.

Effective Date: 15 Sep 2020

9.3.3 Workers’ dormitory

Effective Date: 1 Feb 2021

Workers’ do rmitori es shall comply with the followi ng additional requi rements:

a. Size

Each dormitory be dro om sha ll not exceed 120m and an occupant load of 20 persons.
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Effective Date: 1 Feb 2021

b. Occupant load

The occupant lo ad shall be based on 4. 2m² pe r person i n accordance with Table 1.4B.

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2022

c. Number of exit s tairc ase s or exits pe r stor ey

There sha ll be at least two i ndep end ent exit staircases or other exits from every storey of a workers’ dormitory.

d. Maximum travel distanc e

The travel distance, measured from the most remote poi nt of the dormitory bedroom to the nearest exit staircase or
other storey exit, shall not e xceed the maximum travel distance permitted under T abl e 2.2A .

e. Internal corridor to dor mitory bedrooms

Dormito ry bedrooms with access through an internal corridor shall comply with the followi ng requi rements:

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(1) d ormito ry bedrooms shall be separated from the i nternal corri dor by a wall having at least 1 -hr fire
resistance;

(2) d oors op eni ng into inte rn al corrid ors shall have at least ½ -hr fire resistance and be fitted with an autom atic
self-closing device to comply with the requi rements of Cl.3.9.2; and

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(3) a n internal corrido r shall be naturally cross ventilated in accordance with Cl.2.2. 13b.(7)(c) ;

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(4) p ressurisatio n of intern al corrido rs in lieu of nat ural v entilation is not permitted; and

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(5) oth er rooms or spaces which open i nto or form part of the bedroom corri dor and which can jeopardise the
means of escape shall be co mpartmente d by enclosures with at least 1 -hr fire-resistance rating and doors with
at least ½ -fire resistance rat ing.

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f. External a cce ss to dormitory bedrooms

External access to dormitory bedrooms shall be through an external corri dor complyi ng with Cl.2.3. 10.

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g. Smoke-free appro ach to exit stairca se
 Entry into an exit staircase from any part of a buildi ng of more than four storeys above ground level shall comply
with req uirements of Cl.2.2. 13 - re qui rements of smoke -free approach to exit staircase. Pressurisation of a staircase
in lieu of the p rovision of smoke -fre e lobby is not permitted.

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h. Bedroom compartmenta tion

(1) Each do rmitory be dro om shall be compartmented from adjoining rooms and other parts of the same building
by construction having at le ast 1 -hr fire resistance rating, unless otherwise permitted under Cl.9.3.3f. for the
provision of wi ndo w ope ning s between the bedroom and external corridor; and

(2) Dormito ry bedrooms and other rooms or spaces which open into or form part of the dormitory bedroom
corrid or shall b e separated f rom the corri dor to comply with Cl.9.3.3e. and Cl.9.3.3f. .

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i. Kitchen compartmentati on

A kitchen with open -fl ame cooking activity shall be enclosed with at least 1 -hr fire -rated compartment wall and
½-hr fire -rated d oor. Th e kitchen shall not be l ocated wit hin the dormitory unit.

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9.3.4 Temporary workers’ quarter in uncompleted permanent buildings on construction sites

Effective Date: 30 July 2020

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a. General

(1) Th e temporary wo rkers’ quart ers shall not be l ocated higher than 10m above the fire engi ne access road level of
the uncomplete d buil ding a n d shall not be lo wer than firs t basement level.

(2) Th e temporary wo rkers’ quart ers shall only be used for housing workers working within the construction site.

(3) Hot work is not allo wed i n the basement (s) where the temporary workers’ quarters are located.

b. Means of esc ape

(1) Fo r ab ove gro und levels, provision of only one exit staircase is permitted provided that the one -way travel
distance is complied with Ta ble 2.2A and th e occupant load does not exceed 20 persons on any storey. The exit
staircase shall discharge di rectly to exterior open space.

(2) At least two inde pen dent exit staircases shall be provided for the temporary work ers’ quarters located in
basement levels or when the occupant load exceeds 20 persons on any aboveground storey.

(3) Every storey shall be p ro vided with exit facilities for its occupant load. Only those exits designated for escape of
the worke rs shall be includ e d in the exit capacity calculations.

c. Compartmenta tion

(1) Cooking is only allo we d at a designate d kitchen area, including basement(s). Such kitchen, shall be enclosed
with at least 1 -h r fire-rate d compartment wall and at leas t ½ -hr fire-rated door and shall not be located within the
dormito ry unit.

(2) Office and storage a re al lowed i n the basement(s) where the temporary workers’ quart ers are l ocated. They shall
be compartment ed from the accommodation areas with at least 1 -hr fire -rated compartment wall and at least ½ -hr
fire-rated d oo r.

(3) On ly non-comb ustible materials shall b e used for the construction of temporary workers’ quarters.

(4) Th e floor a rea of each worker b edroom or the total floor area of a group of small worker bedrooms shall not
exceed 120m . Comp artmen t wall of having fire resistance rating of at least 1 -hr shall be provided to separate the
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bedrooms so as to limit each compartment size to a maximum of 120m . 2

(5) Notwithstandi ng subclau se (4), the wo rker bedrooms shall be separated from any internal corridor by a wall
having fire resistance ratin g of at least 1 -hr. Doors openi ng into the internal corri dor shall have fire resistance rat ing
of at least half a n hou r.

(6) Th e wo rker be drooms shall be sepa rated from any external corridor by a wall havi ng fire resistance rating of at
least 1-hr, except that ventil ation op enin gs of non -combustible construction can be f ixed at or above a level of 1.1m,
measured fr om the finished f loor level of the external corridor to the sill height of the openi ng. Doors opening int o
the external co rrid or a re not requi red to h ave fire resistance rating.
d. Fire engine acces s

(1) Provision of fire en gine a ccess road shall be provided in accordance with the requirements for the development.
Only the portio n of the fire e ngine access road serving the temporary workers’ quart ers shall be made availabl e.

(2) Every pa rt of the req uire d fire eng ine access road shall be withi n an unobstructed distance of 50m from the
nearest working fire hydrant. Where th e remotest temporary workers’ quarter is located not more than 100m away
from the site entrance at the pub lic roa d, provision of working private fire hydrant is exempted.

(3) A tempo rary “d ry” fire hy drant is allo wed. The “dry” fi re hydrant shall be connected to a 150mm diameter pipe,
which shall be con nected th e other e nd to a 4 -way breeching inlet. This breeching i nlet shall be withi n 18m from any
fire engi ne accessway or fire engin e access road having minimum 4m width and wit hin 50m from any wet fire
hydrant.

e. Emergency power suppl y

(1) Emergency power supply lasting at least 2 -hr shall be provided for all firefighting systems serving the temporary
worke rs’ quart ers.

(2) Th e location, a rra ngeme nt, control and install ation of electrical wiring of the secondary source of power supply,
be it in the form of battery, standby gen erator, invert er or other accepted equi pment, shall be in accordance
with Cha pter 5.

f. Firefighting sys tems

(1) W here dry riser system is required for th e main development, they shall be commissioned and made operable for
the storeys housing the tem pora ry worke rs’ quarters during the accommodation peri od.

(2) Provision of automatic sprinkle r system and smoke control system is exempted for basement provided the
basement is effectively cross ventilated as follows:

(a) n o point within the b ase ment(s) is more than 12m from any vertical openi ng or v oid for spaces that are i n
betwee n two o peni ngs or voi ds;

(b) n o point shall be more than 6m from any opening or void for spaces that are ventil ated by such openi ng or
void on only on e side;

(c) all ventilation ope nings shall be at le ast 1000 x 600m m; and

(d) the total agg reg ate area of these voids and vertical openings shall be at least 20% of the total basement
floor a rea.

(3) An aut omatic fire alarm s ystem shall be provided if provision of automatic fire spri nkler system is exempted for
the temporary wo rkers’ qua rters located in the basem ent (s).

(4) Fo r tempo rary wo rkers’ q uarte rs located above ground level, fire alarm system shall be provided as stipulated
unde r Tabl e 6.3A .

(5) Conn ection of fire p rotec tion systems to the approved alarm monitoring company is not required.

(6) Stand by fire hoses can b e installed in lie u of the dry riser system, on condition that the temporary workers’
quart ers are ade quately covered by fire hose reel(s).

(7) Provision of fire extingui shers shall be in accordance with Cl.6.1.

(8) Provision of fire hose re els shall be in accordance with Cl.6.2.8.

g. Engineered smoke contr ol system

Enginee re d smoke control a nd sprinkle r systems shall be required for the basement levels where the workers’
quart ers are l ocated, if the p rovision of cross ventilation stipulated in Cl.9. 3.4.f. cannot be fulfilled.

h. Storage of hazardous material s

(1) All stores of highly flam mable substances shall be sited in open space at a mini mum distance of 5m away from
the buildi ng where the temp ora ry workers’ q uarters are l ocated and shall comply with the relevant standards.

(2) All LPG cylinder install ations serving the temporary workers’ quart ers shall be in accordance with Cl.10.1.

i. Occupant load

The occupant lo ad shall be based on th e floor area of the temporary workers’ quarters on the basis of 4.2m per 2
 person, excludi ng no n -simul taneous a reas such as toilets, kitchens etc., or the actual number of occupants for which
each occupied space of the floor is designe d as shown on the plan, whichever is greater.

j. Emergency lighting and exit signs

Emergency lightin gs and exi t signs serving the temporary workers’ quarters shall be in accordance with Cl.8.1.

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2022

TABLE 9.3A STAIRCASE LANDING WIDTH/DEPTH

Stair Width Minimum Landing width Minimum Landing Depth
1 2.8 1.9 Allows mattress or stretcher evacuation only (i.e. no pedestrian passing)
1.25 2.8 1.9
Allows mattress or stretcher evacuation and restricted ambulant passing
1.5 3.2 1.55
1.75 3.6 1.35*
Allows mattress or stretcher evacuation and ambulant passing.
2 4 1.25*
Note:
* = Clear landing depth, instead of the clear stair width, shall be taken for the purpose of calculating the exit capacity of the staircase.

9.4 PURPOSE GROUP IV OCCUPANCY

9.4.1 General

a. Means of es cape

(1) Abo veground office flo ors

One exit staircase is permitted to serve an aboveground office floor

provide d:

(a) the habita ble h eight of th e floor shall not exceed 15m ;

(b) the flo or shall n ot be loc ated ab ove 4 storey; and th

E
(c) the AFA of the floor shall not exceed 200m².

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(2) Und erground office flo ors

One exit staircase is permitted to serve an office basem ent provided:

(a) the buildi ng is of non -combustible construction;

(b) the depth of b asement storey shall not exceed 9m below the average ground l evel;

(c) compartment b elow g ro u nd shall not comprise more than one storey; and

(d) the AFA of each baseme nt storey, including service ducts, lift shafts, toilets, staircase, etc., shall not
exceed 200m . 2

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

b. Structural fire pr ecau tio ns

(Not in use )

9.5 PURPOSE GROUP V OCCUPANCY

9.5.1 General
 a. Means of es cape

(1) Abo veground shop floo rs

One exit staircase is permitted to serve an aboveground shop floor provided:

(a) the habita ble h eight of th e floor shall not exceed 15m ;

(b) the flo or shall n ot be loc ated ab ove 4 storey; and

th

(c) the AFA of the floor shall not exceed 200m².

E
(2) Und erground shop floo rs

One exit staircase is permitted to serve a shop basem ent provided:

(a) the buildi ng is of non -combustible construction;

(b) the depth of b asement storey shall not exceed 9m below the average ground l evel;

(c) compartment b elow g ro u nd shall not comprise more than one storey; and

(d) the AFA of each baseme nt storey, including service ducts, lift shafts, toilets, staircase, etc., shall not
exceed 200m . 2

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

b. Structural fire pr ecau tio ns

(Not in use )

9.5.2 Outdoor Display Areas (ODAs)

a. General

This set of fire safety requirements shall be applicable t o the followi ng four types of Outdoor Display Areas (O DAs).

(1) Non -roofed-ov er ODAs detach ed from building

This refers to the ODAs whe re go ods are displayed at the outdoors without any roofi ng. An example of this type
of ODAs is the outdoor flea market.

E!
(2) Roo fed -over O DAs de ta ched from building

This refers to the ODAs whe re go ods are displayed at the outdoors with roofing. An example of this type of
ODAs is the outdoor kiosk.

E!
(3) O DAs along cov ered w a lkway

This refers to the ODA wh ere goods a re displayed along the common walkway in front of a shop unit.

E!
(4) O DAs with e xtended aw ning/ canopy

This refers to the ODAs whe re go ods are displayed underneat h the awning/ canopy from a shop front.

E!
b. Fire Safety Requirements for Outdoor Displ ay Ar eas (ODAs)

(1) Non roo fed -o ver O DAs detach ed from building

(a) Th e goo ds display are a shall be located at least 3m from the roof eaves and/or boundaries of the
neigh bou rin g build ings.
 (b) Th ere is no cont rol on th e size/height of the ODAs and the materi als used for dis playing goods at the
ODAs.

(See Dia gram 9.5.2b.(1) )

(2) Roo fed -over O DAs de ta ched from building

(a) Th e goo ds display are a shall be located at least 3m from the roof eaves and/ or boundaries of the
neigh bou rin g build ings.

(b) Th e maximum total lengt h of stalls shall not exceed 6m. A separation distance of at least 3m shall be
provide d between stalls if the total length exceeds 6m. However, the conti nuous length of stalls can
exceed 6m if hose reel is provided to cover these stalls.

(c) There is no control o n the size/ height of the ODAs and the materi als used for dis playing goods at the
ODAs.

(See Dia gram 9.5.2b.(2) )

(3) O DAs along cov ered w a lkway

(a) A clear width of not less than 1.2m shall be mai ntained along the covered walkway at the shop front.

(b) Racks for displaying goo ds shall not exceed 3m in length. There shall be a minim um 1m wide clear
path between rows of racks. Goods shall not be stacked higher than 2m above floor l evel.

(c) There shall not be any drop -d own screen at the ODAs for protecting merchandises from weather
elements, except the retract able type approved by the SCDF. The retractable screen shall retract upon
activation of smoke detectors or during a power fail ure.

(d) Go ods shall not be place d within 3m from the discharge points of exit staircases. However, if there is
more than one exit staircase or there is a rear escape at the 1 storey for single exit staircase, the
st

distance can be re duced to 1.5m.

(e) Go ods, shelves or racks shall not be left overnight at the ODAs outside the shop after operating hours.

(f) Hose reel shall b e provided to cover the ODAs if the total area of shop and ODAs per unit exceeds
150m or if the u nit above th e shop is used for non -residential purposes. The hose reel shall be located
2

not more tha n 5m from exit.

(See Dia gram 9.5.2b.(3) )

(4) O DAs with e xtended aw ning/canopy

(a) Th e dept h of awni ng/can opy shall not exceed 2.4m. There is no restriction on the use of material for
the awni ng/cano py.

(b) Th e awn ing/can opy shall be set back at least 3m from the discharge points of exit staircases.
Howeve r, if there is more th an one exit staircase or there is a rear escape at the first storey for single exit
staircase, the distance can be re duced to 1.5m .

(c) Goods, shelves or racks shall not be left overnight at the ODAs outside the shop after operating hours.

(d) A clear width of at least 1.2m shall be maintai ned al ong the covered walkway at the shop front.

(e) Racks for displaying goo ds shall not exceed 3m in length. There shall be a minim um 1m wide clear
path between rows of racks. Goods shall not be stacked higher than 2m before floor l evel.

(f) The re shall not b e any drop -d own screen at the ODAs for protecting merchandises from the weather
elements, except the retract able type approved by the SCDF. The retractable screen shall retract upon
activation of smoke detectors or during a power fail u re.

(g) Hose re el shall be p rovid ed to cover the ODAs if the total area of shop and ODAs per unit exceeds
150m or if the u nit above th e shop is used for non -residential purposes. The hose reel shall be located
2

not more tha n 5m from exit.

(h) Fo r sprinkle r -protected b uildin gs, the sprinkler system shall be extended to cover the ODAs. The
sprinkler shall n ot be obstru cted by the stacked merchandises and a minimum vertical clearance of 500mm
shall be maintai ned b etwe en the goods and the sprin kler heads.
 (See Dia gram 9.5.2b.(4) )

(5) O ther fir e safety requir ements applicable to all ODAs

(a) Th ere sha ll be no ope n -fl ame activities at the ODAs.

(b) Th e ODAs shall not encroach onto any fire engi ne ac cessway/ fire engine access road.

(c) Fire exting uisher(s) shall be provided to cover the O DAs so that no person needs to travel more than
15m to reach a n extinguishe r. For roofed -over O DAs detached from building, fire extinguisher shall be
provide d for e ach stall.

Diag ram 9.5.2b. (1) : No n -roofed-over ODAs detached from building

The goo ds display are a shal l be located at least 3m from the roof eaves and/or boundari es of the neighbouring buildings.
 Diag ram 9.5.2b. (2) : Roofed -over ODAs detached from building

The goo ds display are a shal l be located at least 3m from the roof eaves and/or boundari es of the neighbouring buildings.

The maximum total length of stalls shall not exceed 6m. A separation distance of at least 3m shall be provided between
stalls if the total length exceeds 6m. Howeve r, the continuous lengt h of stalls can exceed 6m if hose reel is provided to
cover these sta lls.

Diag ram 9.5.2b. (3) : ODAs along covered walkway

 Diag ram 9.5.2b. (4) : ODAs underneat h extended awning/ canopy

CLAUSE 9.6 - PURPOSE GROUP VI OCCUPANCY

9.6.1 General

a. Means of es cape

(1) Abo veground facto ry fl oors

E
One exit staircase is permitted to serve an aboveground factory floor provided:

(a) the habita ble h eight of th e floor shall not exceed 15m ;

(b) the flo or shall n ot be loc ated ab ove 4 storey; and

th

(c) the AFA of the floor shall not exceed 200m².

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

(2) Mezzanine floor

E
One op en staircase is allowed to serve a mezzanine floor(s) within an aboveground factory floor provided:

(a) the agg reg ate AFA of the mezzanine floor(s) per factory unit shall not exceed 60m²;

(b) the ope n staircase has a width of at least 1m and be constructed of non -combustible materi als;

(c) the maximum travel distance measured f rom remote point on the mezzanine floor(s) to the exits
complies with Table 2.2A ;

(d) the elements of structure of the mezzanine floor(s) are of at least 1 -hr fire resistance rating
construction;

(e) the habita ble h eight of mezzanine floor shall not exceed 24m; and

(f) the mezzanine flo or is on ly be used for store and/or ancillary office.

b. Structural fire pr ecau tio ns

E
Fire compartme ntation b etween ind ividual ten ancy units within a terraced or flatted f actory building shall be
provide d. The enti re enclosu re of each of these units shall be fire compartmented wit h walls and floors of at least 1 -
hr fire resistance rating.

c. Storage within PG VI premises

(1) In a n on-sp rinkle r-p rotec ted factory with storage areas/ spaces:

(a) W here the ag gre gate sto rage are as/ spaces (including transient ) within a factory unit exceeded 100m , the
2

entire factory unit shall com ply with general warehouse requirements under PG VIII buildi ngs, or

(b) W here the ag gre gate sto rage are as/ spaces (including transient ) within a factory unit exceed 100m , they
2

shall be compartme nted fro m the factory such that the areas/spaces of storage withi n the factory do not exceed
100m . 2

(2) Th e area stipulate d in Cl .9.6.1c.(1) can be i ncreased to 700m if the factory is protected by an automatic
2

sprinkler system.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

9.6.2 Petroleum service stations

a. General

(1) Any site chosen shall be sufficiently spacious for it to be designed to minimise unauthorised access, i.e., it
shall be away from are as of high hum an traffic and the entrances/exits of other buil di ngs.

(2) Th e bou nda ry line of pet roleum service stations shall be at least 50m from any res idential buildi ng, or 90m
from any place of publ ic assembly.

(3) Th e ro ute for tank vehicles leading to petrol eum serv ice stations shall not pass through or be near to places
of public assembly, as stated in Cl.9.6.2a. (2).

(4) A service station shall b e stand -al one, and dispensing of petrol shall be restricted to the ground level only
(see Dia gram 9.6.2 a.(4 )).

(5) Conveni ence stores inte grate d with the petroleum service station shall be at most 150m . 2

b. Storage and tank r equir ements

(1) Ta nks for all classes of petrole um in a petroleum serv ice station shall be installed underground.

(2) All un dergroun d tanks shall have a wat er capacity of not more than 30kl each.

c. T ank requirements

The tank shall be desig ned, constructed, installed and tested to meet any of the following:

(1) BS 259 4: Carbon Steel Welde d Ho rizontal Cylindric al Storage T anks, or

(2) Unde rwriters La boratori e s ( UL 58): Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Li qui ds, or

(3) Stand ards Association of Australia (1962): Steel Tanks for the Storage of Flammable and Combustible
Liquids, or

(4) NFPA 30, Flammabl e an d Combustible Liqui ds Code, or

(5) oth er e quivale nt standards.

d. Underground tank s and acce ss pits

All underground ta nks installations shall comply with the following requirements:

(1) the roa d surface ab ove the und ergro und tanks shall be of reinf orced concrete of the thickness necessary to
support itself and a ny superi mposed loa ds, but not less than 150mm;
 (2) the depth from the ro ad surface to the top of the tank shall be not less than 450mm; and

(3) e ach access pit shall be fitted with a cover that is watertight or raised above the l evel of the surroundi ng
grou nd to p revent the e ntry of surface water, and be strong enough to withstand any superimposed loads. The
strength of such a cover sha ll not be inferior to those of 5mm low carbon steel.

e. Separation from proper ty boundaries and building foundations

The distance of the un derground ta nk to any property boundaries and foundations shall be not less than 2.5m and
1m respectively (see Diag ra m 9.6.2a.(4) ).

f. Corrosion protection

Any undergro und tank a nd its associated piping shall be protected from corrosion by one or more of the foll owing
methods:

(1) p rotective coating o r wra ppings, or

(2) catho dic protection, o r

(3) corrosion -resistant materials of construction.

g. Venting

Each tank shall incorpo rate a vent to atmosphere for the vapour space above the liquid to allow vapours to vent to
the atmosphere.

h. Vent capacity

The size of any vent shall be such that pressure or vacuums resulting from filling, emptying or atmospheric
temperatu re cha nge, will n ot cause stresses in excess of the maximum design stress for the tank. The vent shall
have a minimum internal di a meter of 38mm.

i. Vent piping

Any vent piping between the tank vent connection and the discharge point shall comply with the following
requ ireme nts (see Diag ram 9.6.2i):

(1) the vent pi pes shall fall consistently back to the tank at a slope not less than 1 in 40;

(2) a vent pi pe shall n ot pass through b uildi ng foundations, but can be embedded in concrete, which is part of
other types of buildi ng construction. A vent shall not be run within a cavity wall but can pass through a cavity
wall or th rou gh mason ry whi ch in corpo rates cavities, provided that it is in a sleeve which will prevent vapour
gainin g access to the cavities; and

(3) a vent pi pe can be either embedd ed in a concrete slab or laid i n the earth. If the vent pipe is laid in the
earth, it shall be:

(a) locate d not less than 30 0 mm below ground level;

(b) surrou nde d by clean was hed sand, or provided wit h equivalent corrosion protection;

(c) suitably protected if the area is subject to vehicular t raffic;

(d) the vent pi pe a nd its terminal shall be located or protected so that they are not li able to damage
resulting from normal activities;

(e) the vent pi pe shall b e vapour -tight throughout its length; and

(f) all un dergroun d tanks or compartments in a tank shal l have a separate individual vent pipe.

j. Vent outlet location

The discharg e poi nt of a vent shall comply with the following requi rements:

(1) the l ocation, direction an d velocity of discharge shall be such that venting vapour will not cause danger to
the surro undi ngs;
 (2) the vent discha rge p oint shall be not less than 2m from any boundary or openi ng of a building, e.g.
windo ws, doors, ventilato rs, air conditio ners and forced air intakes (see Diagram 9.6. 2a.(4)); and

(3) the vent shall d ischarge i nto ope n air and vent discharge point shall be located not less than 4m above
grou nd level (se e Dia gram 9 .6.2i).

k. Vent terminal

(1) Th e discharg e en d of a vent shall be protected from t he ingress of foreign materi al by a protective cage of
fitting and shall discharge o nly vertically upward in order to disperse vapours.

(2) A vent provision shal l be connected to a vapour recovery or collection system, as similarly provided for at
the filling mentio ned in Cl.9. 6.2l.

l. Filling connection

The filling conn ection to a storag e tank, which is filled from a tank vehicle, shall incorporate a vapour -tight
connection. A cap or cover with lock shall be provided f or the filling point. A vapour recovery system shall be
provide d to prevent accumulation or a bno rmal discharge of vapour duri ng refilli ng.

m. Location of filling point

The location of the fillin g poi nt for any storage tank intended to be filled from a tank vehicle shall comply with the
followin g re quirements (see Diag ram 9.6.2a. (4) ):

(1) the l ength of a ny hose re quired to connect a tank vehicle to the filling point shall not exceed 5m;

(2) the filli ng poi nt shall be protected from accidental or physical damage. Guardrail s or any necessary
measures shall be install ed t o prevent d amage by collision;

(3) the filli ng poi nt for any ta nk containing Cl ass I, Class II or Class III petroleum shal l be in open air at least
3m from any buildi ng op enin g or bo und ary. If a distance of 3m cannot be complied wi th, a vapour barrier made
of material of at least 2 -hr fi re resistance rati ng shall be installed and shall not be l ess than 500mm above the
centre of the filling p oint inl et. The vapour barrier shall be at least 1m from the boundary line. The distance
measured i n a ho rizontal pl a ne aroun d the end of any vapour barrier shall be 3m from the centre of the
outermost filling p oint inlet t o the buildi ng and boundary (See Diagram 9.6.2a.(4) for details);

(4) the edg e of the tank vehi cle designated parking area for refilling shall be at least 3m from any buildi ng
openi ng o r bou nda ry; and

(5) the filli ng poi nt for the u ndergroun d tank shall be loc ated in such a way that tank vehicles have
unobstructed entry and egre ss from the service station.

n. Piping design suitability

The design, fab rication, assembly, test and inspection of piping shall be suitable for the expected working pressure
temperatu res an d structural stresses and shall comply with relevant local (where avai lable) or international
standards.

o. Piping material suitability

Any material used in the con struction or installation of pi ping shall be suitable for the conditions of use, and in
particula r:

(1) it shall be comp atible wit h the particul ar pet roleum or any other component with which it may be in contact;

(2) it shall be resistant to an y heat (during operations) to which it may be exposed; and

(3) it shall be co rrosio n -resi stant.

p. Piping flexible tube

Flexible tubin g, pipin g or h o se can be used only on condition that:

(1) the use of such tubing is unavoida ble because of the need to provide for movement or to reduce the effect
of vibration; an d
 (2) the tu bing is of flexible metallic, metal -reinf orced, armoured or other construction suitable for the working
pressure, temp eratu re a nd the liqui d being handled.

q. Piping design and construction

The followi ng g ene ral desig n considerati ons shall be tak en into account when designing or installi ng any pi ping:

(1) the l ayout shall take into account the needs for all operating accesses and shall ensure that fire engi ne
accessways are not impeded ;

(2) sup ports and fitting of th e pipe work shall be secure and the pipi ng shall be not unduly exposed to
mechanical dama ge;

(3) whe rever n ecessary, pro vision shall be made for the expansion or contraction of the pipi ng and its contents;

(4) a ny buri ed pipi ng shall b e protected from superimposed loads, ground settlement, etc.;

(5) a ny necessary electrical bondi ng an d earthing shall be provided; and

(6) pi ping sha ll be pa inted a nd/or ma rked in a manner sufficient to facilitate identification of its contents.

r. Pump drive

Any motor or engi ne that d ri ves a pump for use with any classes of petroleum shall be of the type specifically
approved for such use.

s. Fuel dispensing system

(1) Disp ensing u nits at a service station shall be located in the open air where they will be adequately
ventilated. These shall b e lo cated such that all parts of the vehicle bei ng served will be on the premises of the
service station, and shall be sited n ot less than 6m away from any building, public roadway or boundary
(see Dia gram 9.6.2 a.(4 )).

(2) A clearly ide ntified a nd e asily accessible switch or circuit breaker (a centralised Emergency Shut -Off
Device) shall be p rovid ed at a location rem ote from the dispensing devices, including remote pumpi ng systems,
to shut off the power to all d ispensing devices in the event of an emergency, and shall not be less than 6m or
more than 15m from the disp enser. A sign incorporati ng the wordings “EMERGENCY CUT -OFF ” shall be
provide d in the vicinity of the cut -off switch (see Diagram 9.6.2s.(2)). A similar devi ce shall be provided in
close vicinity to the console area/cashie r as stipulated in Cl.9.6.2u.(1) .

(3) Petroleum shall b e transf erred from underground tanks by means of fixed pumps designed and equipped to
allow control of the flow a nd to prevent leakage or accidental discharge.

(4) A control shal l be p rovid ed such that the pump will operat e only when a dispensing nozzle is removed from
its bracket or normal p osition with respect to the dispensing unit and the lever on this dispensing unit is
manually activated. This control shall also stop the pump when all nozzles have been returned, either to thei r
bracket or to the no rmal n on -dispensin g position.

(5) Th e dispensin g unit an d i ts piping shall be mounted on a concrete island. Each island shall rise not less
than 15 0mm above the surro undin g ground level and shall extend not less than 300m m on both sides of the
dispensing u nits and at least 500mm from t he dispensing unit to the edge of the base measured longitudinally
(see Dia gram 9.6.2s.(2) ).

(6) Th e lengt h of hose at ea ch service station shall not exceed 5m. When not in use the hose shall be secured
so as to protect it from damage.

(7) Th e nozzle thro ugh which fuel is dispensed to a vehi cle shall be designed to aut omatically close when the
fuel tanks of the vehicles are full.

(8) Ind ividual disp ensing u ni ts shall be provided with an emergency shut -off device.

(9) A rigi dly ancho red eme rg ency shutoff valve, incorporating a fusible link or other thermally activated device,
designe d to close automatically in the event of a severe impact or fire exposure, shal l be properly installed in
the supply line at the b ase o r inlet of each dispenser. The automatic closing feature of this valve shall be
checked at the time of initial installation, and at least once a year thereafter by manually tripping the hold -open
linkage.

t. Remote pumping systems

For systems where petrol eu m is transferred from storage to individual or multipl e di spensing units by pumps located
other tha n at the dispe nsing units, the followin g requirements shall apply:

(1) p umps shall be desig ned or equi ppe d so that no part of the system will be subjected to pressure above its
allowable workin g pressure;

(2) p umps installed ab ove grade level shall be located not less than 3m from the boundary or buildi ng opening,
and shall b e substantially an chored a nd protected agains t physical damage; and

(3) pit lids o r covers for sub surface pumps or pi ping manifolds of submersible pumps shall be in accordance
with Cl.9.6.2d. (3).

u. Attended self -ser vice s tations

(1) Th e dispensin g area at a ll times shall be in clear view of the console area/ cashier (area having control of
the emerg ency shut -off devices for all and individual dis pensing units, including remote pumping systems).

(2) Th e console/cashier ope rator shall at all times be able to communicate with persons at the dispensing area.
This can be by means of a voice communication system.

(3) Sufficient close circuit cameras are to be installed at the petrol eum service station to cover the forecourt,
backcourt, dispensing a reas and othe r critical areas of the petroleum service station.

(4) Provisions must be made for bolla rds and chai ns to be installed at the exit and the entrance of the
petrol eum service station du ring refilling by the tank vehicle to be utilised during hi gh alert situations.

(5) Th e setback distance from the edge of the roof of the dispensing area to any boundary line must be in
accordance to the requ ireme nts of Cl.3.5.3, or 3m, whichever greater. (S ee Diagram 9.6.2a.(4))

v. Electrical equipment an d area clas sifica tion

(1) Ge ne ral

All electrical wirin g and e qui pment shall be of a type suitable for the location, in accordance with NFPA
70 or SS 254.

(2) Electric Vehicle (EV) Ch argi ng Station

(a) EV charging station located within a petrol station shall be sited in the following order of priority:

(i) Op en-to -sky areas.

(ii) Fo recou rt.

(b) Mai n isolation shut -off switches shall be provided as per Cl.10.4.2.

(c) There shall be at le ast 12m separatio n distance between the EV chargi ng station and the refilling points and
vent pipes.

(d) Th ere sha ll be at least 6 m separation distance between the EV charging station and the designated oil
tanker pa rking a rea.

(e) Th ere sha ll be at least 8 m distance separation distance from the EV charging station to any fuel dispensing
unit.

(f) No el ectrical connection within EV charger shall be l ocated within 500mm from the finished floor level of the
forecou rt.

(g) EV chargi ng station shall be fully enclosed unl ess such openings are located at least 1m above the finished
floor level of the fo recou rt.

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

w. Caution labelling

An emerge ncy information p anel shall b e provided at the filling point.

x. Warning signs
 (1) W arni ng signs shall be c onspicuously displayed at the individual dispensing area incorporating the following
wordings: “WARNING - NO SMOKING, NO NAKED LIGHTS, STOP ENGINE”. The lettering shall be at least
50mm high.

(2) Th e signs shall be displa yed not less than 1.8m and not more than 2.5m above the ground level.

y. Firefighting and prev ention

(1) Fire e xtinguisher s

Approved types of fire extin guishers of rati ng not less than 70B (9kg) or 34B (2 x 4.5kg) shall be provided at
the individu al dispensin g uni ts and protected from the weather.

(2) Ho se re els

(a) Sufficient hose reel cove rage shall be provided such that the service station usable/accessible area is
within 6m of a nozzle attach ed to a 30m hose.

(b) Hose re els shall comply with the requi rements of SS 575.

(3) Ab sorben ts

A small quantity of absorben t material or sand (as a gui de, one full bucket minimum of 40 litres) shall be
provide d at the service station to mop up any spillage. T hese absorbent materials shall be kept in a container
with a close fitting lid and s hall be install ed in an accessible place.

(4) Fire hyd rant

Fire hydrants shall be withi n 50m from any part of the fire engine access road. The actual travel distance from
the edg e of the fire en gine a ccess road to the most remote point of the petroleum service station usable/
accessible space shall not be more tha n 50m.

9.6.3 High containment facilities

a. General

The pu rpose of this section of the Code is to stipulate fire safety requirements for hi gh containment facilities and
labo ratori es that hand le biol ogical age nts or toxins, which are designed to meet the requi rements of WHO and the
autho rity having jurisdict ion for Bio-Safety Level 3 (BSL -3) or higher.

b. General requirements

(1) A BSL-3 o r BSL-4 contai nment labo ratory shall be located at the ground floor and shall be separated from
areas that a re op en to un res tricted traffic flow within the buildi ng. They shall be designed and constructed to
comply with the requ ireme nt s listed herein.

(2) Th e wo rd “BSL -3” o r “BSL-4 ” shall be stated clearly in the proj ect title and pri nted on the top -right corner
(letteri ng shall be bold, in re d colour a nd at least 15mm i n size) of all the fire safety plans of the high
containment facility.

c. Fire compartment

(1) In a spri nkler -protected buildi ng, the high containment facility (including interstiti al space, waste treatment
areas, ante rooms, etc.) shall be fire compartmented from adjoini ng spaces with at least 1 -hr fire -rated walls,
floor an d ceiling. Fo r a non -sprinkler -protected buil ding, the fire rating shall be at least 2 hours.

(2) Th e protecting structure shall be constructed of masonry or drywall. If drywall construction is used, it shall
be in accord ance with Cl.3. 8 .7b.

d. Firefighter s taging lobby

For hig h containme nt facilities, an addition al (on top of the usual requi rement to have a fire lift lobby next to exit
staircases) firefighte r stagin g lobby shall be p rovided to comply with the following requirements:

(1) it shall be l ocated at eve ry entrance of the facility;

(2) it shall be fire -comp artm ented with at least 1 -hr fire resistance rating;
 (3) in th e absence of (1), an antero om with the same fire resistance rating shall be provided to serve this
function;

(4) it shall have at le ast 6m free wo rking space;

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(5) it shall comply fully with Cl.2.2.13b. (1) to (6), (7)(a) and (b); and

(6) it shall be i nstalled with designate d main landing valve, standby fire hose and fire hose reel.

e. T wo-way emergency co mmunication system

For a biome dical facility or b uildin g provid ed with a two -way emergency voice communication system, the two -way
emerg ency communication system shall be extended to the firefighter staging lobby.

f. Fire detec tion and suppr ession sys tems

All high containme nt facilities shall be protected wit h sprinkler systems. High containment facilities without sprink ler
protection shall comply with the followi ng:

(1) smoke detectors shall be installed along the exteri or of the peri phery walls of the high contai nment facility;

(2) the fi re protection circuit for BSL -3 or BSL-4 shall be grouped in a different fire zone for ease of
identification;

(3) the fi re protection systems shall be linked to the bui lding fire alarm system and shall be connected to the
SCDF Operations Ce ntre th rough a n ap proved alarm monitoring company; and

(4) if wate r discharge withi n the high contai nment facility is undesirabl e or unacceptable, the sprinkler system
can be re placed by an a pp ro ved fire extinguishi ng system.

g. Label and sign

(1) Cautio n labels shall b e p rovided at all the laboratory entrances and exits in accordance with SS 586. In
additio n, a label in dicating t he inform ation as shown i n Diagram 9.6.3g. (1) shall be also provided.

(2) A sign shall be d isplayed at all entrances to the hi gh containment facility, with the following wording: “I n the
event of fire or a ny water di scharge, ple ase notify the authority having j urisdiction f or control of contaminated
water run off.”

Diag ram 9.6.2a. (4) : Typical petrol eum service station

 Diagram 9.6.2i : Vent

Diag ram 9.6.2s.(2) : Pump island

 Diag ram 9.6.3g. (1) : Biohaz ard caution label

9.6.4 Farm buildings

Effective Date: 1 June 2021

a. General

This set of fire safety requirements shall be app licable t o farm buildi ngs that meet the following criteri a:

(1) the habita ble h eight of th e buildi ng shall n ot be more than 10m;

(2) the buildi ng shall b e use d for the sole pu rpose of farming (e.g. growi ng of crops, fish harvesting and egg
prod uction) a nd n ot involve activities such as packaging, storage and retai l;

(3) oth er usa ges such as packaging, storage, retail, office and non -farmi ng related production can be co -located
within the b uildin g, provid ed they are compartment ed and comply fully with the respective requirem ents stipulated in
this Code; and

(4) the total comp uted Fire L oad Ene rgy Density (FLED) within the compartment that is used solely for farming shall
not exceed 200 MJ/m . 2

b. Fire Safety Requirements

(1) Occupa nt Load

The occupant lo ad shall be based on th e accessible floor area, excluding designated farming areas, on the basis of
30m per perso n.
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(2) Wi dth of corri dor

Where the buil ding is exemp ted from barrie r -free accessibility compliance by the authority having jurisdiction, the
clear width of corrid or shall be at least 1m.

(3) Travel distance

 The one -way and two -way travel distances shall not exceed 25m and 60m respectively.

(4) Fi re en gine accessibility

A fire engin e accessway is not requi red, h owever a fire engine access road for access by firefighting appl iances
shall be provided to wit hin a travel distance of 60m of every point on the project plan area of the buildi ng.

(5) Compa rtment size

The compartment size limitations given in Table 3.2A is not applicable. The maximum AFA per compartment shall not
exceed 800 0m and th e maximum cubical extent per compartment shall not exceed 30000m . The full height of the
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compartment shall be used for computing th e cubical extent.

(6) Sp rinkler system

An automatic sprinkler system shall be provid ed where the AFA of any compartment that is used for farming purpose,
exceeds the compartment size limi t stated under Cl.9.6. 4b.(5).

(7) Smoke control system

An engin eered smoke contro l system as specified in Cl.7.4.5 shall be provided where the AFA of any compartment
that is used for farming p urp ose, exceeds size limit of 8000m .
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(8) Setback distance du e to unprotected op enings

The re quirements on setbac k of unprotected o peni ngs from building/notional boundary stipulated under Cl.3.5.3 shall
be complied wit h and i n accorda nce with Tab le 1 of Annex 3B. However, the height of the unprotected openings for
gree nho uses, used for the computation of the setback requirement, shall be in accordance with Table 9.6.4b.(8) .

(9) Emergency voice communication system and Fire Command Cent re (F CC) are ex empted.

(10 ) External wal l construction

The re quirements of Cl.3.5.1 a.(1) fo r non -combustibility of external walls need not apply for greenhouse buildings.
Where plastic glazing materi als are used as screens or s hades for a greenhouse, the material shall comply
with Table 3. 15G.

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9.6.5 Fuel dispensing system

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

a. General

This set of fire safety requirements shall be applicable t o premises installed wit h fuel dispensing system other than
petrol service station stipula ted und er Cl.9.6. 2. Approval for the installation of fuel dispensing system shall be
obtaine d from the relevant a uthority having j urisdiction.

b. Fuel storage tank

Fuel storag e tank shall be in stalled in accorda nce with SS 532.

c. Fuel dispensing system

Fuel dispensin g system shall be installed in accordance with Cl.9.6.2s. .

9.6.6 Waste management and recycling premises involved in processing of flammable liquid
waste

a. General
This set of fire safety requirements shall be applicable t o waste management and recycling premises with any of the
followin g processes:

(1) reconditi onin g of empty storag e container that is used to store flammable liqui d;

(2) disp osal of flammable liq uid waste; and

(3) recovery of flammable liq uid waste.

b. General requirements

(1) Cl assification

(a) All recycling p rocesses shall be classified under hi gh hazard occupancy and shall only be located at
grad e level.

(b) Fo r disposal a nd recove ry processes stipulated under Cl.9.6.5a. (2) and (3), they shall comply
with Cl.9.8.4.

(2) Spill age control

(a) Spill age control in accordance with SS 532 shall be provided to all areas where f lammable liquid waste
is located.

(b) Fo r reco ndition ing p roce ss, each untreated contai ner will shall be assumed to contain a rem nant
capacity of 10% volume of the cont ainer or the actual declared cont ent, whichever is larger, to det ermine
the spillage cont rol stipulate d in Cl.9.6.5b. (2)(a).

(3) Electrical wi ring a nd e qu ipment

All electrical wirin g and e qui pment used withi n the processing areas shall be spark -proof and intrinsically safe
in accordance with IEC 6007 9.

(4) Ventil ation

Mechanical ventilation system in accordance with Cl. 7.1.14 shall be provided for disposal and recovery
processes.

(5) Extern al processing a re a (ope n -to -sky)

(a) Fo r extern al area, re quirements stipulated in SS 532, e.g. separation distance, provision of fire engi ne
access road, hydrant, etc., shall be complied with.

(b) W here separation distan ce is not able to comply with requi rements stipulated in SS 532, u se of 4-hr
fire resistance ratin g masonry wall is allowed provided all of the following are complied with:

(i) The fire -rated wall shall b e at least 1m above the stockpile and shall also i ntersect the direct line
betwee n the on -sites facilities and top of the stockpile. (see Diagram 9.6.5b.(5)(c)(i) ).

(ii) The fi re -rate d wall shall be at least 2m beyond the outermost edge of the stockpile. (see Diagram
9.6.5b.(5 )(c)(ii) ).

(iii) Wh en fire -rated wall is used, at least one façade shall remain open for firefighting accessibility.
9.6.7 Electrical transformer room in underground structures

a. Scope

This set of fire safety requirements is applicable to elect rical distribution transformer room located wit hin
unde rg rou nd structures e.g. consumer or p ower grid substation.

b. General requirements

(1) Compa rtment size and d epth limits

(a) Th e AFA of each transformer room shall not exceed 250m . 2

(b) The d epth of the tra nsformer room shall not exceed 9m below the average grade level and not more
than on e level bel ow grade l evel.

(2) Th e transform er oil shall be tested to ASTM D 92 or ISO 2592 standard and with t he fire point exceeding
300ºC.

(3) Th e und ergro und structu re ho using the transformer s hall not be sited within 15m of an exit staircase shaft.

(4) Provision to contain spill age of tra nsformer insul ating liquid shall be provided.

(5) Fi refightin g systems

 (a) Automatic fire al arm system

(i) An automatic fire al arm system shall be provided for the electrical transformer room.

(ii) The fi re ala rm system for the underground transformer room shall be a dedicated zone, linked to
the buildi ng fire alarm system. A summary fire alarm status (alarm/ fault) shall be provided to
the main fire al arm pa nel in the buildi ng devel opment.

(b) Fi re supp ression system

Automatic fire suppression system such as automatic sprinklers, foam -water sprinklers or water mist
shall be provided fo r the ele ctrical transformer room.

CLAUSE 9.7 - PURPOSE GROUP VII OCCUPANCY

9.7.1 General

(Not in use )

9.7.2 Hotels, boarding houses, serviced apartments, hostels, backpacker hotels & capsule
hotels & staff quarters

Effective Date: 1 June 2021

a. Acce ss through an inter nal corridor

Guestrooms or accommodati on units with access through an internal corridor shall comply with all of the followi ng
requ ireme nts:

(1) Each gu estroom o r accommodation unit shall be compartmented from adj oini ng rooms and other parts of the
same buildin g, includin g the intern al corri dor, by construction having fire resistance rating of at least 1 hour.

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(2) Doo rs openi ng into inte rnal corri dors shall have fire resistance of at least half an hour and fitted with
automatic self -closing device to comply with the requi rements of Cl.3.9.2.

(3) Th e common internal corrido r can be natural ly or cross ventilated. A naturally ventilated corridor shall have
ventilation op enin gs of not less than 15% of the floor area and l ocated not more than 9m from any part of the
common intern al corri dor. W here a corri dor is cross ventilated, it shall comply with Cl.2.2.13b.(7)(c ) . Internal
corrid ors which cann ot be n aturally or cross ventilated shall be pressurised to compl y with the requi rements in
Chapte r 7.

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(4) Oth er rooms or spaces which open i nto or form part of the guestroom or accommodation unit corridor which
can jeopa rdise the me ans of escape shall be requi red to be compartment ed to the same extent as the
guestroom o r accommodatio n unit.

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b. Acces s through an ex ter nal corridor

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Guestrooms or accommodati on units with access through an external corridor shall c omply with all of the following
requ ireme nts:

(1) Each gu estroom o r accommodation unit shall be compartmented from adj oini ng rooms and other parts of the
same buildin g by construction having fire resistance rating of at least 1 hour, unless otherwise permitted
unde r Cl.2.3.1 0 for the p rovi sion of window openings between the guestroom or accommodation unit and
external corrid or.

(2) Doo rs openi ng into the e xternal corridor need not have fire resistance rating.

(3) Th e extern al corri dor sha ll comply with Cl.2.3.10.

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

 c. Measurement o f tra vel d istanc e

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The travel distance shall b e measured from the most remote point of a guestroom or accommodation unit or suite to
the exit door of an exit staircase, exit passageway or external space.

d. Spacing of smoke barrie r

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(1) Inte rnal co rrid ors which are n ot naturally -ventilated shall be subdivided by smoke barriers into the followi ng
lengths:

(a) Buil ding p rotected by sprinkler system - 45m, or

(b) Buil ding n ot protected by sprinkler system - 30m

(2) Smoke ba rrie rs shall comply with all of the followi ng requi rements:

(a) Th e smoke barri ers shall consist of non -combustible partitions contai ning smoke check doors. The
smoke barrie rs, including th e enclosing walls to the corridor, shall be constructed to full height, carried
right up to fo rm a close joint with the soffit of the floor slab above, or an imperforate non -combustible
ceiling or th e roof coveri ngs.

(b) Th e smoke barri ers shall be sited at suitable locations across the corridor to create multiple sections,
with each havin g free a nd di rect access to an exit or exit staircase, exit passageway or exit ramp.

(c) Smoke-check doors excluding g lass doors, shall be provided with clear glass vision panels having at
least 25% of the surface are a of each door leaf.

(d) Smoke-check doo rs shall be of the self -closing, swinging type. Double swing type is permitted provided
that the doo r ope ning is closed completely with such clearance as is reasonably nec essary for proper
operation. The doo rs shall b e closely fitted aro und their edges and the bottom clearance gap bet ween
such doors and th e floor sha ll not exceed 4mm.

(e) Smoke-check doo rs shall normally be in the closed position. However, they can be left open if they are
arrang ed to close automatic ally by an approved electromagnetic or el ectromechanic al device which can be
activated by the presence of smoke and/or the buil ding fire alarm system.

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e. Visual alarm system

At least 10% of the guestroo ms or accommodation units shall be provided with visual alarms. In the case of staff
quart ers accommodation u ni ts, this requirement need not be complied with.

f. Additional requirements for capsule ho tels

Effective Date: 1 June 2021

(1) Capsule d esigns

(a) All capsules shall have a clear access opening of at l east 800mm (width) x 600m m (height ) or
equivale nt are a of at least 0.5m openi ng space. If the access opening comes with a door/ hatch, it shall
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have an eme rge ncy access from outside of the capsul e.

(b) Th e numb er of tiers of capsules stacked on top of one another shall be limited to a maximum of 2.

(2) Compa rtmentation

The capsules shall be locate d within individual guestroom which complies with the followi ng requi rements:

(a) Compa rtmented in accordance with Cl. 9.7.2;

(b) Maximum AFA of not exceedin g 60m ; and2

(c) Occupant load not excee ding 20 persons.

(3) Construction mate rials

(a) Capsules that a re constructed of plastics shall comply with the acceptance criteri a listed in Table
3.15B.
 (b) Capsules that a re constructed of combustible materi als shall comply with flame spread rating of Class
1 unde r BS 476 Part 7, or Cl ass B or Class C under EN 13501 -1.

(4) Fi re protection systems

(a) Sp rinkler p rotection shal l be provided in the entire building where the capsule hot el occupied in whole
or in pa rt. Inside each capsu le, at least one sprinkler shall be provided and the minim um pressure and
flow rate fo r this sprinkler shall be at leas t 50 kPa and 56 L/min respectively.

(b) Th e sprinkle r system for capsule hotel shall be designed to meet requi rements for Ordi nary Hazard
Grou p 1 occupancy.

(c) A minimum clearance of 500mm shall be kept bet ween the top surface of the caps ule enclosure t o the
deflector of the room ceiling sprinklers.

(d) K factor for the ceili ng sprinkle r shall be 11.5.

(e) Hyd rau lic calculation sha ll be perf ormed to verify that water supply for the sprinkl er system can meet
the flow an d pressure dema nds for all the c eiling sprinkl ers within a singl e compartm ented guestroom pl us
6 numbe rs of in capsule spri nklers to operate for a mini mum duration of 60 mins.

(f) The capsule sp rinkler sha ll be prot ected agai nst tampering by occupant in the capsule.

(g) As an alternati ve, wate r-mist system in compliance with NFPA 750 is acceptable. The proposed water
mist system shall be type tested and listed for ordinary hazard protection and is capable to handle fire risk
similar to that of a capsule fire.

(h) In a ddition, smoke/hea t detector shall be provided within each capsule and when activated fire alarm
signal shall be sent to the b uildin g’s main fire alarm panel to activate all fire alarm s ounders and visual
alarms in the buil din g, not o nly to those in the capsule hotel.

(i) Each capsule shall b e pro vided with a sensor to detect the presence and motion of the occupant within
the unit. This shall facilitate the conduct of search and rescue operati ons duri ng a fire emergency. A
display panel i ndicating th e occupancy and motion s tatus of the occupant within eac h capsule shall be co -
located with the mai n fire al arm pan el.

9.7.3 Assembly occupancy

a. General

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Numbe r and minim um width of exits for assembly occupancies shall comply with the provisions tabul ated as follows:

TABLE 9.7.3a. : MINIMUM WIDTH OF EXITS FOR ASSEMBLY OCCUPANICIES

No. of Occupants Min No. of Doors Min width of corridors
51 - 200 2 1.20m
201 - 500 2 1.25m
501 - 1000 3 1.25m
exceeding 1000 4 1.25m
b. Assembly occupan cy wi th fixed s eating (Per formance theatres, Cinemas, Au ditoriums, Concert Halls, etc.)

(1) Ai sles and gangwa ys

(a) clea r aisles or ga ng ways of not less than the minimum width of corridors shall be provided around the
audito rium, stalls and balco nies leadi ng to doors or exit doors;

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(b) aisles o r gan gways shall be provided wit h intersecting rows of seating and the number of seats in a
row shall b e in accord ance with the provisions tabulated as follows:

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TABLE 9.7.3b.(1)(b) : NUMBER OF SEATS IN A ROW
Seatway width Maximum no. of seats in a row
mm
Gangway on one side Gangway on two sides
300 - 324 7 14
325 - 349 8 16
350 - 374 9 18
375 - 399 10 20
400 - 424 11 22
425 - 449 12 24
450 - 474 12 26
475 - 499 12 28
 500 or more 12 Limited by the travel distance
The seatway shall be th e minimum clear widt h between rows, which shall not be l ess than 300mm,
measured as the clear ho rizontal distance from the back of the row ahead (includi ng seats that tip up
automatically) an d the ne are st projection of the row behi nd when the seats are in upright position. The
seatway widths shall be con stant throughout the length of the row. (See Diagram 9. 7.3b.(1)(b) - 1 and 2 )

(c) for chan ges of level, steps shall not be used to overcome differences in level in aisles or gangways
unless the slope of such gan gways exceeds 1 in 10;

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(d) h and rails shall be provid ed, whe re steps of a pitch exceeding 30º or ramps of a slope exceedi ng 1 in
10 are provid ed in aisles o r gang ways flanking the seati ng;

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(e) flo orin g for the surface o f steps and ramps forming the aisles or gangways shall be finished using non -
slip materials; and

(f) illuminati on of steps shall be such that each step is clearly visible in the event of emergency.

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(g) Combustible seats for cinemas, theatre, auditori um, etc.

The construction of combustible up holstered seats in cinema, theatre, auditorium, etc. shall comply with
BS 5852 in resp ect of the followin g testing standard:

(i) Smould erin g Ignitio n Sou rce;

(ii) Flamin g Ignition So urce 1; and

(iii) Crib Igniti on Source 5.

(2) Exits from a the atre, ci nema or a concer t hall

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(a) Th e numb er an d capacity of exits from an enclosed space in an assembly occupancy used or intended
for use as cinema, concert h all, auditorium, perf ormance theatre that is not normally provided with natural
ventilation an d lightin g, shal l be provided it s own means of escape without having to take into account
exits provided for its adjoi ni ng pa rts of the same building in which it is housed. Exception can be
permitted where the occupa ncy load does not exceed 200 persons, in which case at least half the ca pacity
of exits shall be provided within the compartment.

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(b) W here a buil ding o r pa rt of a building is designed as a cineplex to house multipl e mini -cinemas, the
means of escape to be provided can be shared by all the mini -cinemas. Each cineplex shall be treated as
a single big cinem a for the p urpose of determin i ng the ex it requi rements under Cl. 9.7.3b.(2).

(c) The exits adjacent or attached to cinema, theat re or concert hall and the like can be shared as exits
with the othe r pa rts of the buildin g, provided the exits are accessible from the common circulation areas.
The occupancy load of the c inema, theatre, concert hall and the like does not exceed 200 persons.

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(3) Sepa ration of thea tre, c inema or concert hall from other parts of th e building

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A theatre, cinema or conce rt hall shall be separated from other parts of the same buil ding, which is of a
different p urp ose group, by compartment walls and floors having a fire resistance rating of at least 2 hours. If
the buildi ng is protected by an autom atic sprinkler system, the fire resistance rating of the compartment wal ls
or floo rs can be red uced to 1 hou r. Where openings are provided for access between the theatre, cinema or
concert hall an d any othe r p art of the same buildi ng of a different purpose group, the openings shall either be
protected by fire d oo rs havin g the necessary fire resistance rating as the enclosing walls or floors, or be
provide d with lo bby which complies with the following requirements:

(a) Th e lobby is enclosed by walls having fire resistance rating of at least 1 hour, is naturally ventilated
complying with the requi rem ents for ventilation of smoke -free l obbi es, or mechanicall y ventilated to
comply with the requ ireme nt s in Chapter 7; and

(b) All do ors to the lob by shall each have fire resistance rating of at least ½ hour and fitted with an
automatic self -closing device.

(4) Sepa ration by pros ceni um wall in theatres or con cert halls

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 (a) In a pl ace of public resort, such as theatres, and concert halls, capable of seating more than 500
persons an d in which fly tower is used for stage scenery or when extensive stage scenery is installed on
the stage side, the stage shall be separated fro m the seating area by a proscenium wall of at least 1 -hr
fire resistance ratin g in such a way that the stage and the audience seating area form separate
compartments.

(b) Th e entire stage side of the proscenium wall shall be fitted with an automatic spri nkler system which
complies with the re quireme nts in Chapter 6.

(c) The proscenium op enin g shall be protected by fire curtain with fire resistance rati ng of at least 1 hour,
automatically ope rated by a fusible link or a smoke detector. In lieu of fire curtai n, a smoke curtain is
acceptable, if engi nee red s moke control and automatic sprinkler systems are to be provided to the stage
area.

(d) Not more tha n thre e othe r ope nings can be provided i n the prosceni um wall. Such openings shall not
exceed 2m in area an d shall be fitted with doors having f ire resistance rating of at least ½ hour and fitted
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with an aut omatic self -closing device.

(5) Smoke control sys tem

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

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(a) Multi-ti er/level seatin g a uditori um shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system and engineered
smoke control system. For single tier/l evel seating auditorium that is either spri nkler -protected or non
sprinkler -protected, smoke vents complying w ith the following criteria can be provided in lieu of
engin eered smoke control system:

(i) at least 2.5% of the floor area;

(ii) at least 60 0mm X 600mm in size;

(iii) a deq uately distribute d such that no part of the audit orium is more than 12m from any ventilation
openi ng;

(iv) located at hig h level clo se to soffit of the ceiling or within a perforated ceiling space; and

(v) activated by automatic device.

(b) Exception:

Lecture the atres an d the like are exempted from the requirement to provide smoke vents, provided they
fulfil all of the followi ng crite ria:

(i) with out stage curtai n, fly tower, props, and back stage areas;

(ii) used sole ly for the condu ct of lessons;

(iii) n ot located bel ow g rou n d level; and

(iv) not exceedin g 50 00m in size.

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9.7.4 Outdoor Refreshment Areas (ORAs)

a. General

!
(1) This set of fire safety requirements shall be applicable to all food and beverage (F& B) outlets where
ORAs are pe rmitted by the a uthority have jurisdiction. F&B outlets shall include eati ng houses,
restaurants, coffee shops, hawker centres, fast food outlets, cafeterias, canteens, pubs, bars and the like.

(2) Th e total occupant lo ad within each F&B outlet shall not exceed 200 persons. Where the limit is
exceeded, alte rnate rea r exi t opening directly into a back lane or safe external space shall be provided.

(3) W here an ORA e ncroach es on neighbouring property(s) or state land, it is the res ponsibility of the
F&B’s owner/ope rato r to see k no objection from the property owner(s) for the setting up of the ORA on his
prop erty.

b. Fire safety requiremen ts for ORAs

(1) O RAs along cov ered w a lkway

(a) A five-foot way of widt h not less than 1.2m shall be provided along the covered walkway. Tables and
chairs shall be ab utting the F&B shop front or located at the outer edge of the buildi ng within the covered
walkway. The ent rance of th e F&B outlet shal l not be blocked.

(b) Fo r F&B outlet located n ext to an exit staircase, a clear escape path from the staircase discharge poi nt
to external space shall b e maintain ed. The wi dth of the escape path shall not be l ess than the wi dth of the
exit staircase. No table(s), chair(s) o r any form of obstruction shall encroach onto thi s escape path at all
times.

(See Dia gram 9.7.4b.(1) )

(2) O RAs open to the sk y

(a) Th ere is no limit to the n umber of tabl e(s) or chair(s) placed in areas open to the sky, subject to
compliance to othe r autho riti es having jurisdiction.

(b) W hen pl acement of table (s) or chai r(s) is extended to any covered walkway, the requi rements
stipulated un der Cl.9.7.4b. (1 ) shall be complied with.

(c) There is no control o n the size/height of the ODAs and the materi als used for dis playing goods at the
ODAs. There shall be n o en croachment of table(s), chai r(s) or any form of obstructi on on the escape path
from the exit staircase discharge point to ex ternal space. The portion of covered O RAs beyond the
buildi ng lines an d ab utting the escape path shall be dem arcated from the escape pat h with a red colour
line of width n ot less than 5 0mm. Red colour wordings, “NO OBSTRUCTION OF EXIT ”, of height not less
than 10 0mm shall be marked along the li ne at regular int ervals of not more than 1.5m.

(See Dia gram 9.7.4b.(2) )

(3) O RA with umbrellas

(a) W hen umb rell as are use d to provide shelt er for diners, its size shall not be larger than 2m in diameter
or 2m x 2m. The umbrell as shall be pl aced at a distance of not less than 1.5m from the buil ding li ne
(eaves of buildi ng ).

(b) Th ere sha ll be no limit o n the number of umbrellas pl aced in areas open to the sky. A separation
distance of not less than 1.5 m shall be provided bet ween rows of umbrel la. There shall be no roofing
betwee n ro ws of umbrell as.

(c) Whe re placeme nt of tabl e(s), chair(s) or any form of obstruction is extended to any covered walkway,
the req uirem ents stipulated unde r Cl.9.7.4b.(1) shall be complied with.

(d) Th ere sha ll be no encro a chment of table(s), chair(s) or umbrella(s) or any form of obstruction on the
escape path from the exit staircase discharge poi nt to external space. Where umbrel las are placed close
to the exit staircase discharge path, Cl.9.7.4b.(2)(c) shall be complied with.

(e) Um brell a havin g dimensi ons larger than 2m in diamet er or 2m x 2m shall be treat ed as canopy/awning.
Hence, re quirements stipula ted und er Cl.9.7. 4b.(4) shall be complied with.

(See Dia gram 9.7.4b.(3) )

(4) O RAs with c anopy/awni ng

(a) Th ere sha ll be no encro a chment of table(s) or chair(s) or any form of obstruction onto the escape path
from the exit staircase discharge point to the external space. This path beyond the building façade shall
be clearly dema rcated as pe r Cl.9.7.4b. (2)(c) .

(b) Fo r canopy/a wnin g with proj ection not exceeding 1m

(i) No sep aration b etwee n th e canopy/awni ng and the nearer edge of the exit staircase discharge
path is requi re d.

(ii) The high/lo w sepa ration requirements stipulated under Cl.3.5.7 need not be com plied with.

(iii) Th e req uirements on set back of unprotected openi ngs from building/notional boundary stipulated
unde r Cl.3.5.3 n eed not be complied wit h.

(iv) Placement of table (s) or chair(s) beneat h the canopy /awning is permitted.
 (v) The cano py/awnin g can be continuous and cover the exit staircase discharge pat h. Separati on
betwee n the cano py/ awnin g of the F&B outlet and those of the neighbouring units is not required.

(vi) There shall be n o contro l on the materi al of the canopy/ awning.

(See Dia gram 9.7.4b.(4)(b) )

(c) For cano py/awni ng with proj ection greater than 1m but not exceeding 2m

(i) A minimum separation dis tance of 500mm between the canopy/awning and the nearer edge of the
exit staircase discharge pat h shall be maintai ned and shall only be exempt ed if the awning/canopy is
designe d to retract automatically when fire/smoke is detect ed within the F&B unit or its ORA.

(ii) The high/lo w sepa ration requirements stipulated under Cl.3.5.7 shall be complied with.

(iii) Th e req uirements on set back of unprotected openi ngs from building/notional boundary stipulated
unde r Cl.3.5.3 shall be complied with.

(iv) At least 500mm separati on distance shall be mai ntai ned bet ween the canopy/awning of the F&B
outlet and th e pro jection line of the separating wall and shall only be exempt ed if the awning/canopy
is designed to ret ract autom atically when fire/smoke is d etected within the F&B unit or its ORA.

(v) For aut o -retractabl e can opy/awning as mentioned in C1.9.7.4b. (4)(c)(i ) , the canopy/awning can
be continu ous and cover the exit staircase discharge pat h and separation between the
canopy/awni ng of the F&B outlet and those of the neighbouri ng units is not required.

(vi) The surface flame sprea d rating of the canopy/awning shall be at least Class 2.

(See Dia gram 9.7.4b.(4)(c) - 1 & 2)

(d) Fo r canopy/a wnin g with proj ection greater than 2m but not exceeding 3m

(i) A minimum separation dis tance of 500mm between the canopy/awning and the nearer edge of the
exit staircase discharge pat h shall be maintai ned.

(ii) The high/lo w sepa ration requirements stipulated in Cl.3.5.7 shall be complied wit h.

(iii) Th e req uirement on set back of unprotected openings from building/notional boundary stipulated
unde r Cl.3.5.3 shall be complied with.

(iv) At least 500mm separati on distance shall be mai ntai ned bet ween the canopy/awning of the F&B
outlet and th e pro jection line of the separating wall.

(v) The surface flame sprea d rating of the canopy/awning shall be at least Class 1.

(See Dia gram 9.7.4b.(4)(d) )

(e) Fo r canopy/a wnin g with proj ection exceeding 3m

All relevant re qui rements stipulated i n this Code shall be complied with.

(5) O ther fir e safety requir ements

(a) Th ere sha ll be no ope n -fl ame cooking in ORAs, except those open to the sky.

(b) Fo r buil dings wh ich are i nstalled with automatic fire sprinkler system, the sprinkler protection shall be
extended to p rotected the co vered ORAs.

(c) Every part of covered ORAs shall be within the coverage of fire hose reel(s).

(d) App roval of fire safety pl ans.

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

Diag ram 9.7.3b. (1)(b ) - 1 : Seatway width and number of seats in a row

Diag ram 9.7.3b. (1)(b) - 2 : Determinati on of seatway widt h

Diag ram 9.7.4b. (1) : ORAs along covered walkway
Diag ram 9.7.4b. (2) : ORAs open to sky
Diag ram 9.7.4b. (3) : ORAs with umbrella
Diag ram 9.7.4b. (4)(b ) : ORAs with canopy/awning projec tion not exceeding 1m
Diag ram 9.7.4b. (4)(c) - 1 : O RAs with canopy/awni ng projection greater than 1m but not exceeding 2m - (without auto
retraction)
Diag ram 9.7.4b. (4)(c) - 2 : O RAs with canopy/awni ng projection greater than 1m but not exceeding 2m - (with aut o
retraction)
 Diag ram 9.7.4b. (4)(d ) : ORAs with canopy/awning projec tion greater than 2m but not exceeding 3m

CLAUSE 9.8 - PURPOSE GROUP VIII OCCUPANCY

9.8.1 General

a. Means of es cape

(1) abo veground war ehous e floors

E
One exit staircase is permitted to serve an aboveground warehouse floor provided:

(a) the habita ble h eight of th e floor shall not exceed 15m ;

(b) the flo or shall n ot be loc ated ab ove 4th storey; and

(c) the AFA of the floor shall not exceed 200m².

(2) Mezzanine floors

One op en stair is allowed to serve a mezzanine floor(s) within an aboveground warehouse floor provided:

(a) the agg reg ate AFA of the mezzanine floor(s) per warehouse unit shall not exceed 60m²;

(b) the ope n stair shall have a width of at least 1m and be constructed of non -combustible materials;

(c) the maximum travel distance measured f rom remote point on the mezzanine floor(s) to the exits shall
comply with Table 2.2A ;
 (d) the elements of structure of the mezzanine floor(s) shall be of at least 1 -hr fire resistance
construction;

(e) the habita ble h eight of mezzanine floor shall not exceed 24m; and

(f) mezzanine floo r shall onl y be used for store and/or ancillary office.

b. Structural fire pr ecau tio ns

(1) Vehicle pa rking are a

Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019

E
Fire compartme ntation shall be provided between a vehic le parking area (PG VIII) and other areas, except for
ancillary wash rooms and oth er ro oms stated in footnote (4) of Table 6.4A , the fire compartment wal ls and floors
shall have at least 1 -h r fire resistance rating.

Exceptions:

(a) Fo r a sprinkle r -prot ected factory, compartmentation between the vehicle parking areas and the factory
is not requi red, p rovide d the vehicle parking area and adjacent driveway are provided with an engineered
smoke control system.

(b) Fo r a sprinkle r -prot ected ware house, thermal insulati on of the fire -rated shutters between the vehicle
parking are a and th e wa reh o use is not requi red, provided the vehicle parking/l oadi ng and unl oading area
and adj acent drive way are p rovided with an en gineered smoke control system.

(2) W arehous e

Ware house compa rtment size exceeding 700m² for abov e ground level and 100m² for below ground level are
subject to full compliance of Cl.9.8.3.

(3) T enancy units

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2021

Fire compartme ntation b etween ind ividual tenancy units within a warehouse buildi ng shall be provided. The
entire e nclosure of e ach of these units shall be fire com partmented with walls and fl oors of at least 1 -hr fire
resistance rating.

9.8.2 Coldroom

Where coldro oms are p rovid ed in PG III, IV, V, VI, VII or VIII buildings, the following requirements shall be compl ied with:

a. Coldroom constructed o f combustible insulation p anels

(1) For non -sprinkler -prote cted buildings

Where the ag gre gate floo r a rea of cold room(s) exceeds 10m², a separate out er layer of non -combustibl e
construction, including th e d oor, havin g at least 1 -hr fire resistance rating, shall be provided to
compartmentalise the cold ro om(s) from other areas. The maximum aggregate floor area of the coldroom(s) shall
not exceed 100m i n each co mpartment.
2

(2) For sprin kler -pro te cted buildings

Where the ag gre gate floo r a rea of cold room(s) exceeds 20m², a separate out er layer of non -combustibl e
construction, including th e d oor, havin g 1 -hr fire resistance rating, shall be provided to compartmentalise the
coldroom (s) from othe r area s/usages. The m aximum aggregat e floor area of the coldroom(s) shal l not exceed
700m in e ach compartment.
2

(3) Non -compartme ntalised coldroom shall not be used f or storage of highly flammable chemicals.

b. Coldroom constructed o f fire -rated insulation panels

Where the coldroom pa nels are constructed of material having at least 1 -hr fire resi stance rating, the compartment
sizes stipulated in Cl.9.8. 2a. (1) a nd (2) ab ove need not be complied with but are subj ect to a maximum of
 2000m (f or no n-sp rinkler -p rotected buildi ngs) or 4000m (for sprinkler-protected buil dings), or sizes stipulated
2 2

unde r Cl.9.8.4 fo r storag e of chemical/hazmat materials, whichever is applicable and smaller.

c. Properties of coldroom panel

(1) All coldroom pa nels shall achieve at least Class B under EN 13501 -1 or its equivalent, when tested as a
composite panel with plastic or othe r types of core material.

(2) Fo r a coldroom that consists of a processing/handling area, the toxicity emission and smoke density
requ ireme nts shown in Tabl e 9.8.2c.(2) for the insulation material shall be complied with.

TABLE 9.8.2c.(2) : TOXICITY EMISSION AND SMOKE DENSITY REQUIREMENTS

Applicable fire test
Fire risk Acceptance criteria
standards
BS EN 45545-2; or
Toxicity emission CIT < 0.75
EN ISO 5659-2
(a) Smoke classification to be of s1 rating
EN 13501-1; or
Smoke density (b) Flaming droplet classification to be d0 rating
EN ISO 5659-2 VOF4 < 300 min
(3) Fo r a standal one cold ro o m that does not have a processing/handli ng area, the above toxicity emission and
smoke density requirem ents for the insulation materi al need not be complied wit h.

d. Coldroom panels supporting struc ture s

All coldroom pa nels suppo rti ng structures shall have a fire resistance rating of at least 1 hour, unl ess it is located at
an extern al space.

e. Activitie s involving ope n flame

Open -flame activities shall not be carri ed out in coldrooms. Where such activities are required due to the nature of
the ope ration, the are as whe re op en - flame activities are carried out shall be protected in accordance
with Cl.3.2.5f.(1 ) an d (4 ) an d the coldro om insulation m aterials shall meet the toxicity emission and smoke dens ity
requ ireme nts stipulated un d er Tabl e 9.8.2c.(2) above.

9.8.3 General warehouses

a. General

The scope of this section covers the fire safety requirem ents for general warehouses which include singl e -storey
single-use r wa reh ouses, single -storey multi -user warehouses, underground warehouses, multi -storey warehouses
with or with out baseme nts and wa re h ouse withi n other non -i ndustrial buildi ngs.

b. Compartment

(1) Depa rtmental stores a nd supermarkets having displayed storage height more than 4m (with spri nkler
protection ) or 2. 5m (witho ut sprinkler p rotection) shall comply with the requirements as stipulated in this
section.

(2) Th e size of compartment shall not exceed the maximum allowable dimensions shown in the T able 9.8A ,
depe ndin g on the type of fire protection and location of the warehouse.

(3) Compa rtmentation, in re spect of size limitation, can be achieved by using fire -rat ed roll er shutter. Localised
smoke detector shall be installed to activate the roll er s hutter. The roller shutter shall also be linked to the
buildi ng automatic fire al ar m system which shall act as a backup for the activation of the shutter.

Note: Such localised smoke detection system shall be provided with zone indication on the main fire alarm
panel with buzzer soun d, ho wever its activation is not necessary to sound the general fire alarm.

(4) Compa rtmentation betwe en the wa rehouse and loadi ng/unloadi ng/ staging area s hall be provided (to comply
with Cl.9.8.3b. (3) ), except where:

(a) the wareho use is a single -storey single -user or multi -storey single -user per storey type, with the
loadin g/unl oadi ng a rea a butt ing an external space, or

(b) the roof ove r the loa ding /unload ing (or staging) area abutting an external space is not more than 3m in
depth.
 Note: Do wn-stan d fire wall o f minimum depth 1m hanging from the ceiling shall be provided [except
for Cl.9.8.3b. (4)(b ) ] betwe en the loading/unl oadi ng area and the warehouse storage area.

(5) Th e compartment size limit stipulated in Table 9.8A shall include the l oadi ng/unl oading (or staging) area if it
is not fire-compa rtmented from the warehouse area, unl ess:

(a) the entire wareho use incl uding the loadi ng/unloading and driveway area, is protec ted with sprinkler
and smoke control systems; and

(b) the roof ove r the loa ding /unload ing (or staging) area abutting an external space is not more than 3m in
depth.

c. Sprinkler protec tion

(1) Automatic sprinkle r system shall be provided if the compartment size of the warehouse exceeds the
maximum allowabl e size shown in the Ta ble 9.8A .

(2) Sp rinkler coverage shal l be extende d to the areas shielded by access platforms in the high -rack storage
wareho use. The suppo rting structures of the platforms shall have the same fire resistance rating as the element
of structure of the wa reh ouse.

d. Storage height control

(1) Sign age sha ll be p rovide d on the wa lls of the warehouse (includi ng the loading/unloadi ng or staging area) to
control the maximum allowa ble storag e height and to maintain the minimum clearanc e below the sprinkler
heads in accord ance with S S CP 52.

(2) A 50mm wid e re d line sh all be drawn around the wall with signage i ndicated as “No Storage Above This
Line ”. This sign shall be pro vided at intervals not exceeding 15m.

(3) Th e letteri ng of the sign shall be at least 100mm.

(4) Th e storag e heig ht limitations shall be clearly indicat ed on building plans and on the walls of the warehouse
at intervals not exceedin g 1 5m.

(5) Transient stora ge at loa d ing/unl oadi ng (or staging) area shall comply with the Table 9.8D and Tabl e 9.8E in
terms of the storage hei ght l imit. For non -sprinkler -protected warehouse, the storage height shall be limited to
2.5m.

e. Smoke control

(1) Provision

The provision of smoke control shall be i n accordance wi th Table 9.8B , either in the f orm of smoke vent, smoke
purg ing o r eng ine ere d smoke control system dependi ng on the fire compartment size and type of fire protection
system.

(2) Smoke ven ts

Smoke vents (refer to Table 9.8B ) shall comply with the requi rements stipulated below:

(a) Th ey shall be of pe rman ent ope n type and the effecti ve opening shall be eit her c omply with Table
9.8B or Tabl e 9.8C. Panels can be used as smoke vents provided they are designed to be activated
automatically. The use of gl ass blocks as smoke vents are not permitted.

(b) Th e minimum dimensions of vertical smoke vent shall be 400mm (length) x 600m m (height ) and
horizont al smoke vent (roof or ceiling) shall be 0. 25m in area.
2

(c) No a rea in th e wa reh ouse shall be more than the stipulated distance (refer to either Tabl e
9.8B or Table 9.8 C) me asured ho rizontally away from any vertical or horizontal smoke vent.

(d) Th ey shall be located at the highest unobstructed lev el along the perimeter walls of the warehouse.

(3) Smoke purging sys tem

Replaceme nt of smoke vents by smoke purging system is allowed provided that the warehouse is sprinkler -protected.
The smoke purgi ng system shall comply with Cl.7.4.3.
 (4) Engineer ed smoke control

Enginee re d smoke control systems shall comply with the requi rements stipulated bel ow:

(a) Th ey shall be provided if the floor area of the compartment is more than 5000m or 2000m for aboveground
2 2

or un dergro und wareho uses respectively;

(b) Th ey shall be desig ned a nd installed in accordance with the requirem ents stipulated in this Code or
equivale nt standards app roved by the SCDF; and

(c) The fire size dete rmined shall be concurred by the S CDF before it is used for the design of the engineered
smoke control system.

f. Fire extinguisher s

(1) Fi re extinguish ers shall be provided in accordance with SS 578.

(2) Cl assification of storage hazards based on storage height shall follow Tabl e 21(A ) and Table 21(B) of SS
CP 52 (refer to Tabl e 9.8D a nd Table 9.8E ) for the different categori es of storage and overall stack heights.
Ordin ary hazard classification in SS CP 52 shall be taken as equivalent to medi um hazard classification in SS
578.

9.8.4 Chemical/HazMat warehouses

a. Scope

(1) Chemicals or haza rd ous materials (HazMat) have a wide range of properties and hazards, which shall be
identified a nd u nde rstood in orde r to fulfil the requi rements of safe warehousing. A complete understanding of
the hazards requi res an ass essment of t he container and packaging systems and storage arrangements. In
additio n, the req uirements o f general wa rehouse shall be complied with.

(2) Th e fire safety requi reme nt for labo ratory storing and using chemicals/ hazmat shall be in accordance with
NFPA 45 [except for Maximum Allowable Quantity (MAQ) which shall be as stipulated in Table 9.8K and Table
9.8L].

!
b. Identification of hazardo us materials (HazMat)

!
Substances listed as hazard ous materials are classified as shown in Tabl e 9.8F .

c. Size limitation

(1) Fo r chemical/HazMat wa reho uses storing Class 3, 4 & 5 hazardous materials, the maximum floor area per
compartment an d type of fire protection system shall be as shown in Table 9.8G.

(2) Storage of compressed g ases (Class 2), flammable li quid (Class 3), flammable solid (Class 4.2 & 4.3),
oxidising age nt (Cl ass 5.1) a nd organic peroxide (Class 5.2) shall be l ocated only at the ground floor with at
least one extern al wall facin g directly to an exterior open safe space unless otherwi se stipulated.

(3) Soli d materials (Class 4.1) is allowe d to be stored at aboveground floors of habitable hei ght not more than
24m and the storage q uantit y shall be limited to 1200kg/ m² of floor area.

(4) Compressed gas cylinders (Class 2) are all owed to be stored at aboveground floors of habitable hei ght not
more than 24m provided that a vehicular ramp (with turni ng facility) suitable for 30 -tonne firefi ghting appli ances
is erected for di rect access to the storage area.

(5) Fo r Class 2 HazMat, no stacking is allowed. The haz ardous materials shall be l ai d directly on the floor.

(6) Storage, use a nd ha ndlin g of compressed gases (Cl ass 2) shall be in compliance with NFPA 55 and it be
allowed to be locate d at abo vegrou nd floor.

(7) Fo r sprinkle r -protected wareh ouses, the storage height shall be limited to 18m for single - storey warehouse
and 15m fo r wa reho use that is located at 1st storey of a multiple -storey buildi ng. For non -sprinkler - protected
wareho use storing Cl ass 3 HazMat , storage height shall be in compliance with NFPA 30 (basing on the flash
points of the hazardous mat erials), subject to a maximum height of 3.6m.

(8) Storage of oxidize rs (Cla ss 5.1, solid or liquid) shall be in compliance with NFPA 430 or AS 4326.
 (9) Storage of o rga nic peroxide (Cl ass 5.2) shall be in c ompliance with NFPA 432 or AS 2714.

(10 ) No compa rtment in the chemical/hazmat warehouse shall comprise more than one storey.

(11 ) Recommen dations mad e within the individual Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) shall be complied with.

(12 ) An app roved layo ut pla n (with the relevant TFP/FSC) with such hazmat warehouse/storage capacity
highli ghted shall be kept wit hin the premises to facilitate the inspection and emergency operation procedures.

d. Provision of fire engine acce sswa y

(1) Fi re en gine accessway shall be p rovided for firefi ghti ng appl iances. The minimum length of the accessway,
based on th e gross cubical extent of the entire warehouse space, shall be as shown in Table 9.8J .

(2) At least one external wal l of the ware house shall be directly fronting an empty space (such as turf area) of
minimum width 2m. One of the access doors provided al ong this external wall shall be placed not more than
30m (for type K1) o r 15m (fo r type K2 ) from the fire engi ne accessway/ fire engine access road for ease of
firefightin g.

(3) Fo r K3 and K4 compa rtments, at least one external wall shall be di rectly fronting an engi ne access road or
access way. At least two exit access doors (minimum 15m apart) shall be provided al ong this external wall for
ease of firefighti ng.

(4) Th e load ing a nd unl oad i ng (the a re a may be roofed over) shall be carri ed out di rectly from the exterior open
space for type K2, K3 and K4 compartments.

(5) Fo r type K1 compartment , the distance from the external loading/ unloading area (may be roofed over) to
the access door of the compartment shall not be more than 10m for non -sprinkler-protected buildings and 15m
for sprinkle r-p rotected b uildi ngs. For C lass 3 HazMat, the maximum volume of hazardous liqui d shall be limited
to 3000 L or 5 000 L for no n -s prinkle r-p rotected and spri nkler -protected compartments respectively.

(6) Fo r storag e of Class 4.1 HazMat aboveground level, fire engine accessway and the associated FAPs shall
be provided fo r the full stretch of the external wall of the storage area.

e. Water suppl y for priva te hydrant

(1) W ater supply for hydra nt system shall comply with the following requi rements:

(a) hyd rant fed by PUB main s is allowed for type K1 and K2 compartments. The water supply requi rement shall
comply with the Cl.4.4.2a. .

(b) hyd rant with dedicate d p umping & storage facilities shall be provided for type K3 and K4 compartments. The
water sup ply req uireme nt shall comply with Table 4.4A of this Code with minimum running pressure of 3.5 bars
(it shall be desig ned accordi ngly to individual emergency response pl an and respecti ve SOP).

(2) Th e spillag e control a nd retentio n basin for fi refighti ng water for warehouse storage hazardous substances
shall be in accord ance with SS 532, NFPA 30 and requi rements of authority having jurisdiction. Gate valve(s)
shall be provided from the second co ntainm ent (such as bund wall) at a safe location to allow the firefi ghters to
operate du ring emerg ency and, the outlet shall be directly drained to a safe area or storm drain.

f. Mechanical ven tilation s ystems

(1) Th e ventilation systems for wa reh ouse storing Class 3 HazMat shall comply with SS 532 and the smoke
control system shall comply with the re qui rements for general warehouse.

(2) Th e ventilation system for Class 2 shall comply with NFPA 55.

(3) Mecha nical ventilation system for removal of vapour s hall be interlocked wit h the smoke control system to
ensure th at both systems will not be affecting one another.

(4) Th e ventilation system shall be d esigned to provide air -movement across all port ions of the room to prevent
the accumulation of vapo urs . Short -circuiting of the mec hanical ventilation system shall be avoi ded.

(5) Fresh air in lets and exha ust outlets shall be properly located accordi ng to the type of gases or vapours to
be exhausted.

(6) Th e air -conditi onin g system and MV system for the storage area of HazMat shall not be shared with ot her
occupied areas.
 g. Fire extinguisher

(1) Fi re extinguish er shall b e provid ed complying with S S CP 578, SS 532 and other related standards. (Also,
refer to the releva nt MSDS and consult the manufacturer or suppli er for the details.)

(2) Additi onal mo bile type 5 0kg ABC (foam or chemical powder) fire extinguishers having minimum 6m throw
and discharge h ose length o f minimum 6m shall be provi ded to cover the loading and unloading area for K2, K3
and K4 compartme nt unde r hazard g ra de 2, 3 & 4. The access from any remote point of the loading/unl oadi ng
area (includi ng the p arkin g lots area) to the 50kg fire ext inguishers shall not be more than 15m.

(3) Fo r K1 compartment size , mobile type 50kg fire extinguisher shall only be requi red when the overall hazmat
storage a rea is more th an 1 00m .
2

h. Determination of e xit re quirement

(1) Th e dete rminatio n of travel distance in chemical/Haz Mat warehouse shall be in compliance with T able
2.2A for high h azard occupa ncy, 10m/20m for non -sprink ler-prot ected buildi ng and 20m/35m for sprinkler -
protected b uildi ng.

(2) All exit and access doors shall be provided with the proper hazard and warning sign on both sides of these
doors.

i. Other fire sa fe ty require ments

The followi ng stand ards an d codes of practices (non -exhaustive) shall be complied with for the proposed
chemical/HazMat ware house :

(1) SS CP 10, SS CP 52

(2) SS 98, SS 254, SS 286, SS 532, SS 575, SS 578

(3) AS 271 4, AS 4326

(4) NFPA 16, NFPA 45, NFP A 55, NFPA 400, NFPA 495

(5) IEC 60 079

9.8.5 Fully Automated Mechanised Car Parks (FAMCPs)

a. General

The provisions of this chapter of the Co de shall serve to stipulate the fire safety requirements for the FAMCP. These
requ ireme nts shall assist with plans submissions to the design, construction, protecti on, location and arrangement of
the various fire saf ety provis ions.

b. Parking height

The pa rking hei ght refe rs to the heig ht that shall be measured from the average level of the ground adj oini ng the
outside of the extern al walls of the buildin g to the highes t or lowest car parking level. In situations where mixed
usage involving a bove g rou n d and u nde rgroun d car parking, the height shall be meas ured between the hi ghest and
lowest car pa rking levels.

c. Classific ation of FAMCP

The FAMCP shall be subdivi ded into th ree categori es as follows:

(1) Categ ory 1a: Small abov egro und having the foll owi ng sizes:

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(a) Maximum floor are a: 200 m (Total area of car parking decks)
2

(b) Maximum cubical extent: 1400m 3

(c) Maximum parking h eight: 10m

(d) Minimum side o peni ngs: At least one side of the FAMCP shall be fully open and f acing the fire engine
access road
 (2) Categ ory 1b: Small abov e gro und wit h deck sunken, having not more than 2 car parking l evel sunken bel ow
the gro und level and h aving the followi ng sizes:

E
(a) Maximum floor are a: 200 m (Total area of car parking decks)
2

(b) Maximum cubical extent: 1400m 3

(c) Maximum parking h eight: 14m (Subject to maximum parking height of 10m above ground level )

(d) Minimum side o peni ngs: At least one side of the FAMCP shall be fully open and f acing the fire engine
access road

(3) Categ ory 2: Any above g roun d that does not fall under Category 1.

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(4) Categ ory 3: Any underground th at does not fall under Category 1, includi ng FAMCP that combines above
grou nd (Categ ory 2) and u n derg ro und (Category 3) park ing.

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d. Fire safety requiremen ts that ar e applicable to all three categories of FAMCP

The fire safety requi reme nts that are ap plicable to al l three categories of car parks are as follows:

(1) a reas withi n the car p ark buildin g shall not be accessible to the public;

(2) the ca r park bu ildin g sha ll be classified as PG VIII (storage) as per Table 1. 4A ;

(3) mea ns of escape shall b e provid ed where there are areas that are accessible by the public and these shall
be in accord ance with the re quirements as for PG VIII buildings;

(4) whe re a sepa ratio n wall or floo r is requi red, fire -rated floor of at least 2 - hr fire resistance rating subject to
compliance with the req uire ments of the elements of structure for PG VIII buildings shall be provided;

(5) whe re an exte rnal wall is requi red i n Cl.3.5, fire -rat ed floor of at least 1 - hr fire resistance rating subject to
compliance with the req uire ments of the elements of structure for PG VIII buildings shall be provided;

(6) fo r unp rotected o peni ngs , Table 2 of Annex 3B to Cl.3.5 shall be complied with;

(7) fire extinguishe rs having a minimum rating of 70B shall be provided at every entrance and exit of the car
park;

(8) h ose ree l coverag e shall be provided for every entrance and exit of the car park;

(9) whe re any such installati on is requi red, its primary and secondary source of power suppli es shall be in
accordance wit h Cha pter 5; and

(10 ) fire engine access roads to be provided to gain access to the exit staircases.

e. Catego ry 1 fir e safety re quirements for small above ground fully automated mechanised car park (SA -
FAMCP)

(1) Th e SA -FAMCP shall not exceed the followi ng compartment limits as indicated in the table below:

TABLE 9.8.5e.(1) : COMPARTMENTATION OF SA-FAMCP

Compartment Maximum Floor Area Maximum Cubicle Extent
Compartment between average ground level and a height 200m2
1400m3
of 10m. (Total area of car parking decks)
(2) Th e SA -FAMCP shall be constructed of structural steel construction. Fire resistance to element shall be
provide d accordi ng to Cl.3.3 .

(3) Fo r SA -FAMCP having multi -car pa rking level, vertical fire separation between the upper and lower decks by
using non - pe rforated a nd n on - combustible materials (e.g. structural steel plate) shall be provided.

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(4) Fi re en gine access roads to be provided to gai n access to the exit staircases.

(5) Private fire hydra nts if required shall be provided in accordance with Cl. 4.4.
 (6) At least one side of the FAMCP shall be fully open and facing the access road. T he maximum distance
measured from the op enin g(s) to the most remote part of the car parking deck shall not exceed 8m.

f. Category 2 fir e sa fety re quirements for abo ve grou nd fully automated mechan ised car par k (A - FAMCP)

All A-FAMCP shall be subjected to the Fire Certificate scheme. The specific fire safety requirements for the A -
FAMCP shall be as follows:

(1) the A -FAMCP shall b e constructed of structural steel construction. Fire resistance to element of structure
shall be provided according to Cl.3.3.

(2) the ve rtical fire sepa ratio n betwe en the upper and l ower decks by using non -perf orated and non -combustible
materials (structural steel pl ate) shall be provided.

(3) firefightin g provisions shall be provided as follows:

(a) all exit staircases shall conform to the requi rements of Cl.2.3.3;

(b) smoke-free ap proach as stated in Cl.2.2.13 and Cl.2. 2.14;

(c) fire do ors of at least 1 -h r fire resistance rating for the access of firefighters via the exit staircase into the
car park. The fire doo r shall be of at least 850mm wide by 1m high with a visual glas s panel. Wordings of “For
smoke venting, do not ente r ” shall be posted on the external side of the door. The wordings shall be of at least
25mm in heig ht.

(d) the numbe rs of exit staircases provided shall depend on the number of rising mai ns. Each rising main
serving every car pa rking le vel shall provide the followi ng coverage:

(i) an access platform of minimum width of 900mm shall be provided and shall be constructed with at least
1-h r fire resistance rating. Handrails shall be provided on both sides to prevent falls.

(ii) no part of any car p arkin g deck shall exceed 28m.

(e) Breeching i nlet serving ri sing main shall be located within 18m of the fire engine access road.

(f) Dry rising mai n shall be p rovided fo r hei ght exceeding 10m and up to 60m. When t he height exceeds 60m,
wet rising main shal l be p rovided. The b reechi ng inl et shall be located at the foot of the riser stack. One
standby fire hose shall b e provided at th e ground level of each staircase.

(g) Fi re lift shall be provided for habita ble hei ght exceedi ng 24m.

(h) W here fire lift is requi red , a two -way voice communication system shall be provided between the Fi re
Command Centre and th e fol lowin g are as:

(i) every fire lift lob by, including 1st storey; and

(ii) all firefightin g -relate d me chanical equi pment rooms inclusive of sprinkler pump room, wet riser pump
room, etc..

(i) FCC shall be p rovide d in accordance wit h C1.8.2.4.

(j) Private fire hyd ra nt whe re req uire d shall be provided in accordance with Cl.4.4;

(k) Fire e ngin e access roads to be provided to gai n access to exit staircases.

(l) The A -FAMCP shall b e protected by active firefighting systems such as sprinklers or clean agent fire
extinguishing systems:

(i) Wh ere sp rinkler p rotectio n is installed, quick respons e sprinklers shall be provided. Each parking deck
shall be protected by at least one sprinkler head.

(ii) Wh ere cle an ag ent fire e xtinguishing systems are installed, the amount of agent requi red to achieve
the design concent ratio n shall be based on total flooding method. Standby cylinders at 100% capacity
shall be provided o n site.

(iii) All doo rs, shutters, dampers, and/or openings shall be closed throughout the duration of gas
deployment.
 (iv) Bypass door shall be p rovided in the event where there are occupants inside A -FAMCP during gas
deployment.

(v) Firefig hters shall be a ble to activate the clean agent manually if the system was not activated duri ng a
fire.

(m) Sump pit shall be p rovid ed to contain water discharge from sprinkler system. The capacity of the sump put
shall be based on simultane ous operation of spri nklers for 4 car park decks for durat ion of 20 mins. Foam inlet
in accordance to Cl. 6.2.7 shall be provided adjacent to t he sump pit to address liqui d fire (burni ng fuel on
water).

(n) Fo r A -FAMCP protected by sprinkler systems, ventilation openings (with exhaust air outlet sited at high
level and fresh a ir inl et sited at low level) of at least 2.5% of the largest floor area of any car parking level shall
be provided. It shall be op e rated automatically by activation of sprinklers or heat detectors, if such openings
are n ot naturally ventilated.

(o) Fo r A -FAMCP protected by clean agent systems, ventilation openings (with exhaust air outlet sited at high
level and fresh a ir inl et sited at low level) of at least 2.5% of the largest floor area of any car parking level shall
be provided. It shall be o p erated manu ally by firefighters .

(p) Add ressable heat detect ors shall be installed according to SS CP 10 and provided to every parking deck to
assist firefighters in id entifying the exact location of the car on fire. Each addressabl e heat detector shall be
rep resente d by its own LED indic ator a nd shall be displayed at the sub -al arm panel according to thei r
locations/levels. Sub -ala rm panel shal l be provided at the entrance on FAMCP.

(q) Th ermocou ple readi ng fo r every parking level shall be provided as a means for fi refighters to identify if the
fire has bee n effectively extinguishe d. No poi nt in the FAMCP shall exceed 10m from a thermocouple. A panel
to display temperatu re readi ngs sh all be installed adjacent to sub -alarm panel.

(r) Th e deck to deck height shall be at least 2.2m.

(s) Self -Co ntaine d Breat hing Apparatus (SCBA) shall be provided and maintained in a clearly marked cabi net
for mainten ance pe rsonn el. Maintena nce personnel must be equi pped with SCBA whi le working in A -FAMCP.
Signage with wo rds minimu m 50mm shall be clearl y visible and state: “Personnel must be equipped with SCBA
duri ng mainte nance ”

(t) A-FAMCP shall be mainta ined an d inspected yearly or at intervals specified by the individual system
suppliers, which ever is short er.

g. Categor y 3 fire s afe ty re quirements for undergroun d fully automated mechani sed car park (U – FAMCP)

All U-FAMCPs shall be subjected to the Fire Certificate scheme. The specific fire safety requirements for the U -
FAMCP shall be as follows:

(1) Th e compartment ation of the U -FAMCP shall not exceed the foll owing sizes:

TABLE 9.8.5g.(1) : COMPARTMENTATION OF U-FAMCP

Maximum Parking Depth Maximum Floor Area Cubical Extent
2000m2
28m 7000m3
(Total area of car parking decks)
(2) Th e U-FAMCP shall be c onstructed on structural steel construction. Fire resistance to element of structure
shall be provided according to Cl.3.3.

(3) Th e vertical fire sepa rati on between the upper and lower decks by using non -perf orated and non -
combustible materials (struc tural steel plate) shall be provided.

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(4) Th e U-FAMCP shall be p rovided with the following firefighting provisions:

(a) all exit staircases shall conform to the requi rements of Cl.2.3.3;

(b) smoke-free ap proach as stated in Cl.2.2.13 and Cl.2. 2.14;

(c) fire do ors of at least 1 -h r fire resistance rating for the access of firefighters via the staircase into the
car park;

(d) the numbe r of exit staircases provided shal l depend on the number of rising mains. Each rising main
serving every car pa rking le vel shall provide the followi ng coverage:

(i) wh ere internal access to every car parking deck is provided:

 • an access platform of minimum width of 900mm shall be provided and shall be constructed
with at least 1 -h r fire resistance rating with handrails provided on both sides; and

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• no pa rt of any car pa rking deck shall exceed 28m.

(ii) where no inte rna l access to every car parking deck is provided, the maximum distance measured
from the staircase doo r to the most remote part of the car parking deck shall not exceed 8m.

(e) Breeching i nlet serving ri sing main shall be located within a travel distance of 18m from the fire engi ne
accessway/fire engine access road.

(f) Dry rising mai n shall be p rovided for hei ght exceeding 10m and up to 60m. When t he height exceeds
60m, wet rising main shal l b e provided. The breechi ng inlet shall be located at the foot of the riser stack.
One standby fire h ose shall be provided at th e ground level of each exit staircase.

(g) Fi re lift shall be provided for basement depth exceedi ng 9m.

(h) W here fire lift is requi red , a two -way emergency voice communication system shall be provided
betwee n the FCC and th e followin g areas:

(i) every fire lift lob by, including first storey; and

(ii) all firefightin g -relate d me chanical equi pment rooms, inclusive of sprinkler pump room, wet riser
pump ro om etc..

(i) FCC shall be p rovide d in accordance wit h Cl.8.2.4.

(j) Basement levels shall be provide d with two -way emergency voice communication system in accordance
with Cl.8.2.2.

(5) Private fire hydra nt whe re req uire d shall be provided in accordance with Cl.4.4.

(6) Fi re en gine access road to be provid ed to gai n access to the exit staircases.

(7) Th e U-FAMCP shall be p rotected by sprinklers or clean agent fire extinguishing s ystems.

(a) W here sprinkle r prot ection is installed, it shall be in accordance with SS CP 52. Quick response
sprinklers shall be p rovid ed. Each parking deck shall be protected by at least one sprinkler head.

(b) W here clean ag ent fire e xtinguishing systems are installed, they shall comply with NFPA 2001. The
amount of ag ent re quired to achieve the design concentration shall be based on total flooding method.

(i) Stand by cylinders at 100 % capacity shall be provided on site;

(ii) All doo rs, shutters, dampers, and/or openings shall be closed throughout the duration of gas
deployment;

(iii) Bypass door shall b e provided in the event there are occupants inside U -FAMCP during gas
deployment; an d

(iv) Firefig hters shall be a bl e to activate the clean agent manually if the system was not activated
duri ng fire.

(c) Foam inlet in accordance to Cl.6.2.7 shall be provided to address liquid fire (burning fuel on water).

(8) Sump pit shall b e provid ed to contain water discharge from the sprinkler system. The capacity of the sump
pit shall be based on simulta neous op erati on of sprinklers for four car park decks. Foam inlet in accordance
to Cl.6.2.7 shall be p rovide d adjacent to the sump pit to address liquid fire (burning fuel on water).

(9) Smoke vents shall apply to basements not exceeding 1000m in floor area and maximum 5m in depth
2

measured from the groun d l evel are a to the lowest floor level.

(a) Fo r U-FAMCP p rotected by sprinkler systems, ventilation openings (with exhaust air outlet sited at
high level a nd fresh ai r inlet sited at low level) of at leas t 2.5% of the largest floor area of any car parking
level shall be p rovided. It shall be ope rat ed autom atically by activation of sprinklers or heat detectors, if
such openin gs are n ot naturally ventilated.
 (b) Fo r U-FAMCP p rotected by clean agent fire extinguis hing systems, ventilation openings (with exhaust
air outlet sited at hig h level and fresh ai r sited at low lev el) of at least 2.5% of the largest floor area of
any parking l evel shall be p rovided. It s hall be operated manually by firefight ers. Smoke purging systems
of 9 air chan ges per h ou r shall be provided if the basement exceeds 1000m in floor area or 5m in depth 2

measured from the groun d l evel are a to the lowest floor level.

(c) For U -FAMCP protected by sprinkler systems, the smoke purging systems shall be operated
automatically by activation of heat detectors.

(d) Fo r U-FAMCP p rotected by clean agent fire extinguis hing systems, smoke purging systems shall be
operated man ually by firefig hters.

(10 ) Detection systems shall be installed as follows:

(a) Add ressable heat detect ors shall be installed according to SS CP 10 and provided to every parking
deck to assist firefighters in identifying the exact location of the car on fire. Each addressable heat
detector shall be rep resent e d by its own LED light indicator and shall be displayed at the sub -alarm panel
in accordance to the ir locati ons/ levels. Sub -alarm panel s shall be provided at the entrance of U -FAMCP.

(b) Th ermocou ple fo r every parking l evel shall be provided such that no poi nt in the U -FAMCP shall
exceed 10m from a the rmocouple. A panel to display temperature readi ngs shall be installed adj acent to
the sub-al arm pa nel.

(11 ) The deck -to -deck heig h t shall be at least 2.2m.

(12 ) Self -contain ed b reathi n g appa ratus (SCBA) shall be provided and mai ntained in a clearly marked cabi net
for mainten ance pe rsonn el. Maintena nce personnel must be equi pped with SCBA whi le working in U -FAMCP.
Signage with wo rds minimu m 50mm shall be clear ly visible and state: “Personnel must be equipped with SCBA
duri ng mainte nance ”.

(13 ) U-FAMCP shall be mai n tained a nd inspected yearly or at intervals specified by the individual system
suppliers, which ever is short er.

TABLE 9.8A : COMPARTMENT SIZE & STORAGE HEIGHT FOR GENERAL WAREHOUSE
Sprinkler-
Non-sprinkler-protected
protected
Location of Warehouse Item
Storage Hazard Storage Hazard
All Normal High
Max. floor area per compartment 12000m2 3000m2 2000m2
Max. cubical extent per compartment NC 12000m3 7500m3
Single storey warehouse
Ref Table 9.8D
+
Max. storage height 18m 12m
&E
Max. floor area per compartment 12000m 2
3000m 2
2000m2
Max. cubical extent per compartment NC 12000m3 7500m3
Warehouse located on 1st storey of multi-storey warehouse
Ref Table 9.8D
+
Max. storage height 15m 12m
&E
Max. floor area per compartment 9000m2 3000m2 2000m2
Multi-storey warehouse with vehicular ramp (min. loading 30 tonnes with dry rising Max. cubical extent per compartment NC 12000m3 7500m3
mains)
Ref Table 9.8D
+

Max. storage height 15m 12m

&E
Max. floor area per compartment 6000m2 3000m2 2000m2
Max. cubical extent per compartment NC 12000m3 7500m3
Multi-storey warehouse without vehicular ramp
Ref Table
+
Max. storage height 15m 12m
9.8D & E
Max. floor area per compartment 3000m 2
NP NP
Warehouse located in basement Max. cubical extent per compartment 12000m3 NP NP
Max. storage height 12m NP NP
Note :
NC = No Control
NP = Not Permit
* = Subject to full compliance of Cl.3.2.7a. and Cl.1.4.68d.
+
= Storage height not exceeding the limits for goods in the various categories suitable for ordinary hazard protection (you may also refer to Table 9.8D & Table 9.8E.
TABLE 9.8B : SMOKE CONTROL REQUIREMENTS FOR GENERAL WAREHOUSE
Provision of Sprinkler
Location of Warehouse Compartment Size Smoke Control Requirement
System
<= 100m2 no NR
Smoke vent
a
> 100m and <= 400m
2 2
no
(min % openings follow Table 9.8C)
> 400m2 to size limit of
no b
Smoke vent (20% / 12m)
Table 9.8A
Aboveground level
<= 700m 2
yes NR
c
Smoke vent or
> 700m2 and <= 5000m2 yes +
purging system
engineered smoke
> 5000m2 yes
control system
Underground level c
Smoke vent or +purging
<= 2000m2 yes
(*Basement) system
 engineered smoke
> 2000m2 yes
control system
Note:
NR = Not Required
a = smoke vent openings base on the Table 9.8C;
b = smoke vent shall be at least 20% of the floor area it served and shall not be more than 12m measured horizontally away from any part of the warehouse;
c = smoke vent shall comply with Cl.7.4.2 (adequately & evenly distributed along the perimeter of the fire compartment or basement);
+
= smoke purging system shall comply with Cl.7.4.3 (adequately & evenly distributed within the fire compartment or basement);
* = smoke control system shall be provided for the entire basement except the protected exit shafts, lift shafts and M&E riser shafts.
TABLE 9.8C : SMOKE VENT REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-SPRINKLER-PROTECTED BUILDING
Minimum size of smoke vent opening Horizontal distance from smoke vent*
(Percentage of floor area) (m)
2.5% 12m
5.0% 15m
10.0% 18m
15.0% 21m
20.0% 24m
Note :
* = No area in the warehouse shall be more than the indicated distance measured horizontally from any vertical or horizontal smoke vent
TABLE 9.8D : HIGH-PILED STORAGE RISK INVOLVING FREE-STANDING STORAGE OR BLOCK STACKING
[Extract from TABLE 21(A) of SS CP 52]
Overall stack height (m)
Category of storage
Non-encapsulated storage Encapsulated storage
1 4.0 3.00
2 3.0 2.25
3 2.1 1.60
4 1.2 0.90
Note:
1. The term “store” or “storage” includes the warehousing or the temporary depositing of goods or materials while undergoing process.
2. To provide for any future requirements, the height of storage shall be taken as not less than 1m below any ceiling or roof.
TABLE 9.8E : HIGH-PILED STORAGE RISK INVOLVING POST OR BOX PALLETS OR PALLETISED RACK STORAGE
[Extract from TABLE 21(B) of SS CP 52]
Overall stack height (m)
Category of storage
Non-encapsulated storage Encapsulated storage
1 3.5 2.7
2 2.6 2.0
3 1.7 1.3
4 1.2 0.9
Note :
1. To provide for any future requirements, the height of storage shall be taken as not less than 1m below any ceiling or roof.
2. Good practice dictates that box or post pallet storage shall not exceed 2 rows wide in one direction.
3. Rack storage with aisles less than 1.2m in width is treated as multiple row racks.
TABLE 9.8F : IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Class Type of HazMat
1 Explosives (1.1 to 1.6)
2.1 Flammable gases
2.2 Non-flammable compressed gases
2.3 Poisonous gases
3 Flammable and combustible liquids
4.1 Flammable solids
4.2 Substances liable to spontaneous combustion
4.3 Substances which, dangerous when contact with water
5.1 Oxidizers
5.2 Organic peroxides
6.1 Poisonous substances
6.2 Infectious substances (etiologic agents)
Radioactive materials Category I
7 Radioactive materials Category II
Radioactive materials Category III
8 Corrosive materials
9 Miscellaneous hazardous materials (dangerous sub-substances)
TABLE 9.8G : SIZE LIMITATION
Maximum Fire Compartment Size (m²)
Hazard Grade#
K1* K2* K3* K4*
3&4 ≤ 50m2 ≤ 200m2 ≤ 600m2 ≤ 900m2
2 ≤ 100m2 ≤ 400m2 ≤ 2400m2 ≤ 3600m2
1 ≤ 400m2 ≤ 2000m2 ** **
Note :
(1) The required fire protection system is only restricted to the chemical/ HazMat warehouse fire compartment. However, automatic fire detectors (linked to approved alarm monitoring
company) shall also be provided along the perimeter of the fire compartment wall if the building housing the HazMat warehouse is not protected with the automatic or the sprinkler system (it is
only applicable where the warehouse is directly connected to other occupied area within the building through access opening).
(2) The fire compartment wall shall be constructed with at least 2-hr fire resistance rating, regardless of the type of fire protection system. For Class 3 HazMat storage, it shall be masonry
construction except the ceiling (all floor element above such HazMat storage shall be masonry construction with at least 2-hr fire resistance rating) can use fire-rated board but to comply fully
with the M&E riser shaft requirements.
(3) Different classes and incompatible HazMat shall be stored in separate fire compartment with at least 2-hr fire resistance rating.
(4) No basement floor is allowed to store Hazardous materials.
(5) The compartment size limit and type of fire protection system for Class 2 HazMat shall follow Hazard Grade 1 requirements.
(6) Fire-rated roller shutter is not allowed for the purpose to limit the compartment size control; any fire-rated roller shutter at the access opening shall be activated by either local automatic
smoke detection system or/ and the general building automatic fire alarm system.

** = No specific limit but to comply with the fire safety requirements for general warehouse.
* = Refer to Table 9.8H for classification of fire protection system
#
= Refer to Table 9.8I for hazard grade classification
TABLE 9.8H : CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
Fire Protection System
CLASS
Type Monitoring
K1 Manual fire alarm system To be connected to an approved alarm monitoring company
K2 Automatic fire alarm system To be connected to an approved alarm monitoring company
K3 Automatic fire sprinkler system To be connected to an approved alarm monitoring company
K4 Automatic foam sprinkler system To be connected to an approved alarm monitoring company
TABLE 9.8I : HAZARD GRADE CLASSIFICATION

Hazard Hazard Grade

Classification 4 3 2 1 0
Category
Category 3 Category 4
Class I&2 Flash point > Only burns with supporting
Liquids
3 Flash point 23 - Flash point 60 - 150°C fire
Flash point < 23°C
60°C 150°C
Solid Class Ignites and burns Readily Moderately Combustible only with
Ignites very easily and burns rapidly
Materials 4 rapidly combustible combustible supporting fire
Class 4 Class 3 Class 2
Oxidizing Class
Vary strong oxidizing agent (may be classified under Strong oxidizing Weak oxidizing - -
Agent 5.1
explosive substance) agent agent
Oxidizing Class
Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V
Peroxide 5.2
TABLE 9.8J : PROVISION OF FIRE ENGINE ACCESSWAY
Minimum Length of Fire Engine Acessway*
Cubical Extent
Non-sprinkler-protected Sprinkler-protected
< 7100m³ ⅙ perimeter
⅙ perimeter
> 7100m³ and < 14200m³ ¼ perimeter
> 14200m³ and < 28400m³ ½ perimeter ¼ perimeter
> 28400m³ and < 42400m³ ¾ perimeter ½ perimeter
> 42400m³ and < 56800m³ ¾ perimeter
island site access
> 56800m³ island site access
Note :
* = Length of fire engine accessway shall be as shown or 15m, whichever is the greater.
TABLE 9.8K : MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITIES (MAQ)
IN LABORATORY FOR LIQUID
Max Quantity (excluding qty in cabinet) Max Quantity (including qty in cabinet)
Laboratory Unit (litres per lab unit floor
(litres per lab unit floor area)
area)
Laboratory not within hospital or healthcare (a) 50L or
occupancy 3.2 L/m2 and not more than:
(b) 1.6 L/m2 and not more than:
(1) 750 L for non-sprinkler-protected building, or
1. liquids stored/used do not consist of (1) 350 L for non-sprinkler-protected building, or
(2) 1000 L for sprinkler-protected building)
category 1 or 2 flammable liquid (2) 500 L for sprinkler- protected building)

(a) 20 L or
1.6 L/m2 and not more than:
2. liquids stored / used consist of (b) 0.8 L/m2 and not more than:
(1) 500 L for non-sprinkler-protected building, or
category 1 or 2 flammable liquid (1) 250 L for non-sprinkler-protected building, or
(2) 750 L for sprinkler-protected building)
(2) 350 L for sprinkler- protected building)
Laboratory within hospital (a) 10 L or
or healthcare occupancy 0.8 L/m² and not more than:
(b) 0.4 L/m² and not more than:
(1) 250 L for non-sprinkler- protected building, or
1. liquids stored/used do not consist of (1) 150 L for non-sprinkler-protected building, or
(2) 500 L for sprinkler-protected building)
category 1 or 2 flammable liquid (2) 250 L for sprinkler- protected building)

(a) 5 L or
0.8 L/m² and not more than:
2. liquids stored/used consist of (b) 0.4 L/m² and not more than:
(1) 250 L for non-sprinkler- protected building, or
category 1 or 2 flammable liquid (1) 150L for non-sprinkler- protected building, or
(2) 500 L for sprinkler-protected building)
(2) 250 L for sprinkler- protected building)
Note :
(1) Individual lab unit shall be a fire compartment.
(2) Each safety cabinet is still restricted to max of 250L (to comply with SS 532).
(3) Laboratory operators are strongly advised and encouraged to minimise their amount of flammable liquids on benches by returning them to chemical store or safety cabinets (UL, FM or PLS
listed product) when the liquids are not needed for the day. The quantity of these liquids placed on benches and fume cupboards shall not exceed 10% of the total allowable storage capacity
within the lab unit. Liquids used for running and operating laboratory instruments or other works-in- progress which may require some quantities of solvents to operate are exempted from the
10% limit.
TABLE 9.8L : MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITIES (MAQ) IN LABORATORY FOR GASES
Maximum Quantity
Item Types of Gases
(litres per lab unit floor area protected by sprinkler system)
(a) 170 L or
1 Flammable gases
(b) 3.4 L/m2 per cluster
(a) 170 L or
2 Oxidizing gases
(b) 3.4 L/m2 per cluster
(a) 30 L or
3 Liquefied flammable gases*
(b) 0.6 L/m2 per cluster
(a) 8 L or
4 Toxic gases
(b) 0.16 L/m2 per cluster
Note :
(1) The capacity in litres (L) is referred to the internal volume (water capacity) of the gas cylinder.
(2) Laboratory work Area is not necessary be individual fire compartment but shall be housed within a lab unit.
(3) For item 1 to 3, the MAQ shall be halved for those building which is not protected with sprinkler system.
(4) Item 1 to 4 may be accommodated in a single cluster and be spaced at least 3m apart from each cluster (6m for building without sprinkler protection).
(5) To comply with NFPA 45 for others requirements such as the ventilation (4 & 8 air changes), hazard identification and” No Smoking” signs etc.
(6) The provision of sprinkler system shall be designed under the Ordinary Hazard Group 3 Special (SS CP 52).
(7) No combustible materials shall be placed within 3m buffer range of the gas cylinder;
(8) No flammable or combustible liquid shall be placed within 6m buffer range of the gas cylinder.
(9) For storage and handling of Class 2 HazMat in enclosed space (including the concealed space of raised floor and ceiling), metal pipe sleeve and gas leak detection system shall be
provided to reduce the accumulation of gases and vapours that may cause danger to occupant, building and emergency response team. Oxygen-level monitoring system shall be provided to
prevent the possibility of oxygen-deletion (asphyxiation) within the room;
(10) The air-conditioning system and MV system for laboratory unit shall not be shared with other occupied areas.
* = For LPG cylinders, only 2 x 4.5kg cylinders are allowed for each lab unit.
CLAUSE 9.9 - OTHERS

9.9.1 Buildings designated for conservation and buildings built before 1969

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a. General

Cl.9.9.1 is applicabl e to buil dings with timber floor/ staircase designated for conserv ation by the auth ority
having ju risdiction or b uildi n gs built before 1969. Change of use of these buildi ngs to public accommodation
purp ose is not permitted. Up grad ing of fire sa fety works shall be applicable to the whole buil ding; partial
upgradin g of buil ding is not allowed.

b. Timber floor joists and boards without addi tion of new attic

(1) 2 and 3-s tore y shophou ses

(a) Timbe r floo r boa rds shall be pressure impregnated wi th flame retardant chemicals, in order to expose
the timber floo r joists and b oards to ret ain the existing characteristics of the shophouse. For timber floor
joints that fulfil the fire resistance rat ing requirem ents, they are not required to be pressure impregnated.
Alternatively, timber floor bo ards shall be li ned on the floor joists with non -combustibl e boards to achieve
at least ½ -hr fire resistance rating. For residential use, this condition does not apply. Existing timber
floors can be retaine d provid ed there is no increase in floor areas or addition of a new attic. (See Diagram
9.9.1b.(1 )(a) - 1 & 2)

(b) Timbe r floo r joists and b oards at the soffit of the five -footway ceiling can be left exposed.

(2) 4 -s torey shophouses

(a) Timbe r floo r joists and b oards shall be lined on the underside between the floor j oists with non -
combustible boa rds to achie ve at least 1 -hr fire resistance rating.

(b) Timbe r floo r joists and b oards at the soffit of the five -footway ceiling can be left exposed.

c. T imber floor joists and boards with addition of new attic

(1) 2 -s torey shophouses

(a) Timbe r floo r boa rds line d on the underside between t he floor j oists with non -com bustible boards to
achieve at least ½ -hr fire re sistance rating. (See Di agram 9.9.1c.(1)(a) )

(b) Timbe r floo r joists and b oards at the soffit of the five -footway ceiling can be left exposed.

(c) The floo r area of the atti c shall not be lower than the highest point of the front façade window at the
last storey, i.e. top of the window o r fanli ght.

(d) Th e floor a re a of the attic shall not exceed 50% of the floor immedi ately below or 50m , whichever is
2

less, per compartment.

(e) An op en con necting staircase to the attic can be considered, provided that the travel distance complies
with Cl.9.9.1g..

(2) 3 and 4-s tore y shophou ses

(a) Full protectio n shall be p rovided for floor j oists and boards of all floors, i.e. timber floor boards shall
be line d on the u nde rside be tween the floor joists to achieve at least 1 -hr fire resistance rating.
(See Dia gram 9.9.1c.(2)(a) ).

(b) Timbe r floo r joists and b oards at the soffit of the five -footway ceiling can be left exposed.

(c) The floo r level of the atti c shall not be lower than the highest point of the front façade window at the
last storey, i.e., top of the window or fanli ght.
 (d) Th e attic floor shall be s et -back at least 1.5m from the inner face of the front faç ade and rear walls to
allow fo r visual connection t o the storey below. See Diagram 9.9.1c.(2)(d) .

(e) Th e floor a re a of the attic shall not exceed 50% of the floor immedi ately below or 50m , whichever is
2

less, per compartment.

(f) An ope n connecting staircase to the attic is allowed provided that the travel distance complies
with Cl.9.9.1g..

d. Protection of exi t stair c ases

(1) 2 -s torey shophouses

(a) Timbe r staircases, which serve as a means of escape, shall be protected and com ply with:

(i) Com partme ntation requi rements of at least 1 -hr fire resistance rating; and

(ii) Pressure impre gnatio n with flame retardant chemical s.

(b) Fo r resid ential sho pho uses, without addition of new attic and to be occupied by one family only, the
timber staircase can be left exposed and need not be compartmentalised.

(c) For no n-reside ntial shop houses, the timber staircase can be left exposed at the second storey level,
provide d all of the follo win g are complied with:

(i) Travel distances on the second storey are complied with, i.e. the distance from the most remote
point of the floo r to the edg e of the staircase landing is l ess than 13m or alternative escape staircase
is available, e.g. rea r escap e staircase.

(ii) The timb er staircase is compartment alised at the first storey by at least 1 -hr fire-rated
enclosures.

(iii) Th ere is no attic level in the second storey.

(2) 3 -s torey shophouses

(a) Timbe r staircases, which serve as a means of escape, shall be protected and com ply with:

(i) Com partme ntation requi rements of at least 1 -hr fire resistance rating; and

(ii) Pressure impre gnatio n with flame retardant chemical s.

(b) Fo r resid ential sho pho uses, without addition of new attic and to be occupied by one family only, the
timber staircase can be left exposed and need not be compartmentalised.

(3) 4 -s torey shophouses

Timber staircases, which serve as a means of escape, shall be protected and comply with:

(a) Compa rtmentation req uirements of at least 1 -hr fire resistance rating; and

(b) Pressure impregn ation with flame retardant chemical s.

e. Air well and covering ov er air well

(1) 2 -s torey shophouses

(a) Fo r air well that has the same usage for all floors, the following coverings shall be used:

(i) A fixed covering u p to the level below the main roof eaves with approved materi al s such as non -
drip acrylic, non -dri p polycarbonate and gl ass, or

(ii) A fully open able coveri n g (ret ractable or spring open type), by activation of smoke detectors and
fire ala rm system, up to the level below the roof eaves with approved materi als such as non -drip
acrylic, non -drip polycarbon ate and gl ass.
 (b) Fo r air well that has diffe rent usage for all floors, the following coverings shall be used:

(i) A fixed cover ing u p to the 2nd storey floor level with approved materi als such as non -drip acrylic,
non-dri p polycarb onate and glass, or

(ii) A fully open able coveri n g (ret ractable or spring open type), by activation of smoke detectors and
fire ala rm system, up to the level below the roof eaves with approved materi als such as non -drip
acrylic, non -drip polycarbon ate and gl ass.

(c) The ai r well shall n ot be enclosed.

(2) 3 and 4-s tore y shophou ses

(a) Fo r air well that has the same usage for all floors, the following coverings shall be used:

(i) A fixed openi ng u p to the third storey level with approved materials such as non -drip acrylic, non -
drip p olycarbo nate an d glas s, is allowed, or

(ii) A fully open able coveri n g (ret ractable or spring open type), by activation of smoke detectors and
fire ala rm system, up to the level below the roof eaves with, such as non -dri p acrylic, non - drip
polycarbo nate a nd glass.

(b) Fo r air well that has diffe rent usage for all floors, the following coverings shall be used:

(i) A fixed covering u p to the 2nd storey floor level with approved materi als such as non -drip acrylic,
non-dri p polycarb onate and glass, or

(ii) A fully open able coveri n g (ret ractable or spring open type), by activation of smoke detectors and
fire ala rm system, up to the level below the roof eaves with approved materi als such as non -drip
acrylic, non -drip polycarbon ate and gl ass.

(c) The ai r well shall n ot be enclosed.

Effective Date: 1 Sep 2021

f. Amalgamation of shopho use units

(1) If the amalg amation of s hoph ouses is more than two units, fire shutters or fire doors shall be provided to the
openi ngs at the sepa rating wall between every two unit s of shophouses.

(2) Fo r amalg amation of sho phouse u nits exceeding an AFA of 2000m , sprinkler system shall be provided for
2

protection a gainst ra pid spre ad of fire du e to higher fire load in a larger space.

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(3) Timbe r floo r joints and b oards shall b e provided with full protection for all floors, i.e. covering the underside
of the floor bo ards in betwe e n joists with non -combustibl e boards if the joist size is adequate.

(4) Additi on of attic floor sh all not exceed 50m per com partment.
2

(5) Th ere sha ll be at least two ind epe ndent exit staircases or other exits from every storey of a building, unless
otherwise permitte d und er Cl.9.4.1 and Cl.9. 5.1.

g. Means of esc ape for all shophouses

(1) If there is only one escape ro ute, the maximum travel distance shall not exceed 13m for non -sprinkler-
protected b uildi ngs. Residen tial shopho uses not exceedi ng 3 storeys and occupied by one family only are not
subject to this requirem ent.

(2) Provision of at least ½ -hr fire-rate d door at the exit staircase discharge can be accepted in lieu
of Cl.2.3.3a.(3), which state s that there shall be no unprotected openings of occupancy areas within 1.5m
horizont ally of the intern al e xit staircase ventilation/discharge poi nt.

h. Alarm system for all sho phouses

(1) Fo r shoph ouses not exceeding 3 storeys and/or amal gamation of not more than 2 shophouse units, manual
alarm system is acceptable.
 (2) Fo r shoph ouses exceedi ng 3 storeys or having an amalgamation of more than 2 units, automatic alarm
system shall be provide d.

i. Covering of rear cou rty a rd for all shophouses

(1) If there is a protected ex it staircase located at the rear courtyard, the entire space can be covered, up to
the 2nd storey floo r level, provided the exit staircase discharges to the back -lane.

(2) If the exit staircase does not discharge di rectly to the back -lane but through the rear courtyard, that part of
the rea r courtyard formin g the escape rout e from the staircase door to the back door shall be made a protected
passageway.

j. Direction of door swing for all shophouses

(1) Doo r swings at the first storey are a llowed to swing i nto the units so as not to obstruct the walkways.

(2) Howeve r, whe re the agg regate occupant load served by the exit staircase exceeds 50 persons, the door
shall swing in the escape direction and shall be recessed.

k. Electrical/ water/ gas meter s, telecoms trunking and hose reel pipes for all shophouses

(1) Fo r shoph ouses with a separate exit staircase enclosure at the front leading to the upper storeys, electrical
and wat er mete rs and Telec oms trunking are allowed to be located wit hin the exit staircase enclosure provided
that they are boxe d -u p with non-comb ustible materi als, e.g. non -combustible boards or metal casing.

(2) All hose reel pi pes are to be located withi n the shophouse and hose reels shall be located near exit
doorways.

l. Retention of timber floor in main building to be conserved with new rear exten sion of reinforced concrete
floors

(1) Timbe r floo rs in the main buildin g to be conserved wit h new extension of reinf orced concrete floors are
subject to the followin g req u irements:

(a) Th e old a nd ne w blocks are to be treated as separat e buildi ngs;

(b) Ind epe nde nt escape staircases are to be provided in each of the old and new blocks and the
requ ireme nt on maximum tra vel distance is to be complied with;

(c) A fire separation in the f orm of fire walls and fire doors is to be provided between the old and new
blocks (see Diagram 9.9.1l.(1)(c) );

(d) Air wells, if provided, sh all have a minimum distance of 4m apart between window openings; and

(e) If integ ration is such that it is considered as a single block, the building (old and new) shall be
constructed of reinfo rced co ncrete.

(2) Existing timber floo ring o f PG I residential buildi ng under conservation need not c omply with the above -
mentione d req uirements pro vided that the following conditions are met:

(a) the reside ntial buil ding s hall not exceed 3 l evels (attic and basement shall be considered as a level);

(b) the re shall b e no ama lga mation of units; and

(c) other req uirements stipulated in the conservation requirements, such as protection to the existing
timber flooring, etc. shall be complied with.

9.9.2 Temporary buildings on construction sites

!
All temporary structures/ bui ldings includi ng site offices or housing quarters on construction sites shall comply with SS
547.

9.9.3 Buildings under construction

For buil dings un de r construction, the followi ng fire safety requi rements shall be complied with.
 a. Provision of dry & wet ri sers

!
(1) All rising mai ns (dry & wet) shall be made operational for all storeys (except the uppermost 3 storeys) as
soon as the upp ermost completed storey reaches 24m.

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(2) Dry & wet rising mains shall be install ed progressively as the building gains height, in order to provide
firefightin g capabiliti es duri n g all stages of construction. All outlets, landing valves inlets, water tanks and
pumps, where re quired shall be pr ovid ed and made readi ly operational.

b. Provision of normal lift/ passeng er hoist

A normal lift shall be provid ed for the p urp ose of firefighting. If this is not possible at the construction stage, a
passenge r hoist (usually inst alled o n site) shall be made available.

c. Provision of electric al s upply

A generator set shall be p ro vided for firefi ghting if the permanent power supply is not available prior to the
completion of the bu ildin g.

d. Provision of fire engine acce sswa y

(1) Ade quate fi re en gine acc essway shall be provided where practicable.

(2) W here there is no fire en gine accessway provided at site, the quantity of portabl e fire extinguishers shall be
doubl ed an d installed at every floor.

e. Provision of adequate pressur e and flow

(1) Risin g mains shall be hy drau lically tested and a pressure -release valve shall be i nstalled at the highest
point of the rise r stack. For wet riser system, a break tank of 11.5m shall be install ed to support firefighti ng for
3

at least 5 mins. The break tank and fire pumps shall be i nstalled before the buildi ng reaches 60m.

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(2) Fo r the testing of flow ra te for the wet riser system, the topmost landi ng valve shall be tested (under
pump/gravity feed) with a flo w rate of at least 27 L/s.

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f. Inspection che cklist

The inspection checklist attached as Annex 9.9A shall be used for checking fire safet y provisions for buildi ngs under
construction.

9.9.4 Use of hoardings and safety nets for alteration and alteration work

a. General

The use of hoa rdin gs and sa fety nets in existing buildings undergoing additi on and al teration works shall comply with
the req uirem ents stated herein.

b. Means of esc ape

(1) Ho arding ere cted withi n building

(a) It shall be constructed of non -combustible materi al. A minimum of 1.2m wide corri dor shall b e provided
leadin g to the exit(s). The h oard ings shall not obstruct the escape path of occupants within the bui lding.

(b) Alternate mea ns of escape shall be provided outside the hoarded area if the exit(s) is obstructed due
to the erection of the h oa rdi ng.

(2) Ho ardings er ected at th e external of building

 (a) It shall be constructed of non -combustible materi al and a minimum 1.2m wide foot path shall be
maintaine d for pe destria ns. The hoardi ngs shall not obst ruct the discharge route of occupants exiting at
the 1st storey units and from the exit staircase(s).

(b) It shall not obstruct smoke dispersal and means of escape of nearby buildings. Where the close
proximity of the partitions may affect the smoke dispersion and escape of occupants from the nearby
buildi ng, the pa rtitions shall be located at least 1.2m a way from the buildi ng.

See Diag ram 9.9.4b. (2 ) - 1 to 4

c. Fire protec tion and firefi ghting provisions

(1) Ho ardings er ected with in building

(a) Fo r ad dition & alteration works involving sprinkler/ automatic alarm system, the systems covering
these are as not unde r ad diti on & alteration works shall remain active. For areas not involved in addition &
alteratio n wo rks but detector/ sprinkler heads are being i solated due to same zone/ control valve, the
managem ent shall arran ge f or ad ditional surveillance checks so as to be alerted of fi re at its incipient
stage.

(b) W hen ever possible, ne w systems shall be installed first before deactivating the existing systems so as
to minimise the duratio n of n o sprinkler/ automatic alarm protection to the areas affected by A&A works.

(c) The sprinkle r/ automatic alarm system shall resume its operation agai n immediately at the end of the
day whe rever feasibl e.

(d) Withi n the ho arded a rea (s), 50kg fire extinguisher(s) in trolley shall be provided near the hoarding exit
access door. Each fire extinguisher shall not cover more than 20m.

(e) Fi re extinguish ers and h ose reels outside the hoarded area(s) shall be made avai lable.

(2) Hoa rdin gs erected at the external of buil ding shall not obstruct public/private hydrant and fire engi ne
accessway/fire engine access road.

d. Fire safety requiremen ts for safety ne ts

(1) Safety nets shall not obs truct the ventilation opening to rooms/areas where smoke ventilation is requi red,
such as exit staircase, fire lift lobby, smoke -free lobby, flammable stores, kitchen with open -flame cooking, car
parks, etc.

(2) No hot wo rk and activitie s which generate sparks such as welding, cutting and gri nding shal l be permitted
within 3m from the safety ne t. If unavoidable, these works shall be isolated/ shielded from the safety nets by a
non-comb ustible shieldi ng m ateria l.

9.9.5 Engineered timber building construction

!
a. General

The engi nee re d timber p rod uct shall be listed in accordance with the requi rements of the product listing scheme.

b. Building design

(1) Th e habit able h eight of a ny healthcare occupancy in an engi neered timber building shall not exceed 12m,
including mezzani ne levels.

(2) A fire safety perfo rmanc e -base d (PB) approach shall be adopted in the design of any engineered timber
buildi ng wh ere its habit able height exceeds 12m.

(3) Th e engi nee re d timber b uildin g shall be fully protected by an automatic sprinkler system.

Exception: An automatic sprinkler system can only be exempted under the followi ng circumstances:

(a) alt ern ative fire protectio n measures (e. g., fully encapsulated timber elements) are provided to
minimise fire damag e to the timber structures, in lieu of t he sprinkler system;

(b) the buildi ng do es not exceed 12m in habitable height;

 (c) the buil ding is protected by an automatic fire alarm system compliant with SS 645; and

(d) the buildi ng do es not con tain any healthcare occupancy.

(4) W here an a utomatic sprinkler system is required, the system shall be designed i n accordance with SS CP
52. The autom atic sprinkler system shall not be shared among different engineered timber buil dings if the latter
is under diffe rent occupie r. If the external facade of the engineered timber buil ding i s unable to meet the stated
perfo rmance in accordance with Cl.3.5 for preventi on of external fire spread, the external facade shall be
requ ire d to be protected by a delug e system in accordance to SS CP 52, or any other suppression system that
is shown to be effective in preventin g vertical fire spread.

(5) Th e use of engi nee red ti mber for el ements of structure shall be permitted only for areas above the floor slab
of the gro und floo r. The g ro und floo r slab and basement floors below it shall not hav e elements of structure
constructed using en gine ere d timb er.

(6) Essential escape p rovisions such as staircase shafts and lift shafts of an engineered timber buil ding shall
be constructed of non -comb ustible materials which achi eve the necessary fire resistance rating.

Exception: Engineered timbe r can only be used as el ements of structure for essential escape provisions under
the followi ng circumstances:

(a) the su rfaces of engin eered timber el ements shall be protected by fire -rated board so that the
composite element is able to achieve the necessary fire rating;

(b) the buildi ng do es not exceed 12m in habitable height; and

(c) the buil ding d oes not con tain any healthcare occupancy.

This exception shall not ap pl y to staircase shelters designed to comply with the Technical Requirem ents
for Storey Shelters.

(7) Essential facilities for fire safety and firefighting operations (such as FCC, fire pump rooms, generator
rooms, and smoke -fre e/ fire lift lobbies) shall be separated from other areas of the engineered timber buildi ng
proj ect by non-combustible materia l o r encapsul ated engineered timber, either of which shall achieve the
necessary fire resistance rat ing.

(8) Th e use of flammable g a s cylinders for cooking is not permitted in the engineered timber buil ding premises
if the engin eered timber buil ding has access to piped -gas supply for cooking.

(9) W here the usag e of the buildi ng pote ntially involves the use of flammable gas cylinders (either for cooking,
storage, factory pro duction, etc.) which may result in explosions, the use of engineered timber as elements of
structure is not allowed unl e ss the engineered timber bui lding is designed to take int o account the explosive
actions based on EN 19 91 o r other relevant international ly recognised standards.

(10 ) Reside ntial en gine ered timber buil ding proj ects shall fully comply with the Technical Requi rements for
Househ old Shelte rs and Tec hnical Re quirements for Storey Shelters.

(11 ) The en gine ered timber buildi ng project shall comply with the design & fire test performance requirements
stipulated in Europe an (EN) standards which include BS EN 1995, BS EN 1363, BS EN 1365 & other
intern ationa lly recognise d standa rds deem ed appropri ate and necessary by the SCDF .

9.9.6 Use of flammable refrigerants

a. For PG I and II buildings, the use of flammable ref rigerants is not permitted in buil ding ai r -conditioni ng systems
which re quire installatio n of piping i nto occupied areas. This includes both single and multi -split systems.

Exception:

(1) Th e use of R32 is pe rmitted in split air -conditioni ng systems.

(2) Th e use of flammable refrige rants is permitted in refri gerat ors, and standalone wall -mounted air -
conditione rs, provide d:

(a) the refri gerator o r air -co ndition er is regulated by the a authority having jurisdicti on;

(b) the refri gerator o r air -co ndition er is meant solely for domestic use;

(c) the amou nt of flammable refrig erant has a charge weight cap of at most 150g; and
 (d) the refri gerant is hermeti cally sealed within the refrigerator.

b. For PG III to VIII building s, the use of flammable refri gerants is not permitted in refrigeration systems, e.g.,
coldrooms, chiller rooms, an d food storag e factories, whi ch are meant for commercial purposes.

Exception:

The use of flammable refrig erants is permitted in standalone commercial refrigerati on systems,
provide d Cl.9.9.6 a.(2 )(c) a n d Cl.9.9.6a.(2)(d) are compl ied with.

c. For industrial p rocess refrigeration systems, flammable refri gerants are not permit ted unless:

(1) the re a re n o alternatives which can achieve the necessary specific performance requi red for the industrial
process; and

(2) workpl ace safety require ments of the authority having jurisdiction are complied with.

9.9.7 Mega underground developments

a. General

This section provides the broad fire safety req uirements for mega underground developments. It is applicable to
mega un dergro und develo p ments regardless of size and number of occupants. Mega underground devel opment
refers to un dergro und l evels with lifts a nd/ or horizontal access as the primary means of egress. There is no
habitab le space immediately above the cavern units, which are enclosed cham bers within the fire -compartmented
unde rg rou nd devel opments.

b. Means of esc ape

(1) Each un de rgroun d devel opment shall be provided wit h at least two exit shafts.

(2) At least two exit staircases (at least 1.5m in width but not exceeding 2m) locat ed at the exit shafts shall be
provide d for the u nde rg rou n d developm ent. The width of exit staircases shall be det ermined by the occupant
load an d uses of the cavern. The m inimum width requi rement is not applicable to exi t staircases serving the
cavern units. Such exit staircases shall comply with the requirements stipulated in Cl.2.3.3. Exit staircases are
not the prima ry means of escape.

(3) Fi re lift lobby shall be p rovided at each exit shaft.

(4) All cavern u nits shall be provide d with at least two -way escape regardl ess of whether one - way travel
distance can be complied wi th. One -way travel distance shall not exceed 20m and two -way travel distance shall
not exceed 50m.

(5) Th e travel distance refers to the distance requi red to be traversed from the most remote point in the cavern
to the edge of a fire do or op ening d irectly into the protected corridor.

(6) Protected corri dors (encl osed by fire -rated wall/ floor) shall be provided for all cavern units at every storey.
The corri dor shal l have di rect access to the protected shaft.

(7) Protected corri dors shall be sectorised by fire doors. Each sector shall not consist of more than four cavern
units or more th an 60m (me asure al ong the corridor). Only those doors in the sectors affected by fire need to
be closed du ring activation of a larm.

c. Structur al fire prec autio ns

(1) Fi re compartme ntation s hall be p rovided for each cavern unit. Each compartment shall not exceed
4000m a nd 15 000m .
2 3

(2) Diffe rent ten ancy units shall be compartmented.

(3) Th e eleme nt of structure/compartment of each cavern unit shall have fire resistance rating of at least 4
hours.

(4) W alls, ceilings, roof covering a nd finishes containi ng plastic material shall comply with the requirements
stipulated in Cl.3. 15.19.

(5) Inte rnal n on -loa d bea rin g walls and ceilings shall be constructed of non - combustible materi al.
 (6) Th e surface of a wall or ceiling alo ng protected corri dor shall have a surface spread of flame of Class 0
rating.

(7) Th e exit staircases shall be constructed of masonry. However, if drywall construc tion is used it shall comply
with Cl.3.8.7b. .

d. Vehicular acces s

(1) Fi re en gine access road having minimum 4m width and overhead clearance of at least 4.5m for access by
pump ap pliance shall b e pro vided for firefi ghters to conduct firefighting and rescue operati ons.

(2) Provision to altern ative means of vehicle access into the underground developm ent shall be considered.

(3) Th e fire en gin e access road shall b e prot ected from fire and smoke, and shall l ead directly to the ground
level.

(4) Cl ea r smoke height shall be maintain ed along the ac cess road. Pushing the smoke out directly through the
tunnel is not allo wed.

(5) Private hyd rants shall be provide d along the fire engi ne access road such that every part of the fire engi ne
access road shall be withi n an uno bstructed distance of 50m from the nearest hydrant.

e. Firefighting provisions

A room shall be p rovide d to house the firefighting and rescue equipment. The requirements for storage area are as
follows:

(1) two storage are as per storey, with on e near each of t he exit shafts;

(2) room size shall comply with the dimensions 2m in wi dth, 2m in length and 2.1m in height; and

(3) p rovision of fou r 64mm -d iameter h oses, four 38mm -di ameter hoses, one dividing breechi ng, two 38mm -
diameter nozzles and two co mplete sets of breathing apparatus.

(4) b uggi es shall be provide d at each level to facilitate firefighting and rescue operat ions. The requirements for
buggi es are as follo w:

(a) 2 b uggi es per level. Eac h nea r the room storing firefi ghting equipment;

(b) 4 seate rs;

(c) able to mou nt 1 stretcher;

(d) el ectrically -op erat ed;

(e) the size of the bu ggies shall be of approved type by the SCDF; and

(f) the bu ggies can be used by in -house fire and security personnel provided the buggies are driven back
to the holdi ng area d urin g e merge ncy.

f. Firefighting sys tem, dete ction and alarm

(1) Th e und ergro und d evelo pment shall be protected wit h an automatic sprinkler system.

(2) W et risers shall be p rovi ded such that every part of the underground developm ent is not more than 38m
from the nea rest wet riser l a nding valve. The wet riser pi pes are all owed to run horiz ontally but the landing
valves shall be located withi n the prot e cted corri dor.

(3) Breeching i nlet shall be i nstalled at one of the vertical access shafts at ground lev el. It shall be located
near th e FCC.

(4) At least two fire lifts shall be provid ed for each exit shaft. The fire lift shall have access to every habitable
floor an d shall be a djacent a nd accessible to an exit staircase and be approached by a firefighting l obby at
each storey. The fire lifts s hall home to the ground level (i.e., top of shaft) duri ng activation of alarm and power
failure.
 (5) All passeng er lifts shall be dou ble u p as evacuation lift and shall be located within the fire lift lobby. They
need n ot be fire lifts but sha ll be installed wit h evacuation switch, connecting to the emergency backup supply,
and shall h ome to gro und l e vel in an emergency. The use of these lifts for emergenc y evacuation shall be
supervised by the eme rgenc y responde rs.

(6) Th e fire lift car shall hav e a clear a rea/ space of not less than 2m (depth) x 1.5m (width).

(7) W ater mist system can be permitted as substitute of automatic sprinklers provided that the requirements are
in accordance with Cl.6.4.6.

(8) FCC shall be l ocated at grou nd level. It shall be located beside one of the protec ted shafts.

g. Effectiv e communication systems and holding area

(1) Effective communication system shall be provided for the SCDF at the underground developments to
conduct firefightin g and rescue ope ratio ns.

(2) On e-way emergency voice communication system such as emergency wireless broadcast system shall be
provide d for the u nde rg rou n d developm ents. Two -way emergency voice communications system shall be
provide d between F CC an d the essential areas stipulated in Cl.8.2.2.

(3) A hol ding a rea sh all be p rovided fo r the underground development. The size of the holdi ng area shall take
into considerations the total occupant load within that floor and shall be calculated based on 0.3m /person.
2

(4) Th e hold ing a rea shal l b e provid ed with engineered smoke control system and shall have di rect connection
to the fire lift lobby.

h. Mechanical ventila tion and smoke control system

(1) Engi nee re d smoke control system shall be provided for the underground development and fire engi ne
access road.

(2) Exit staircases, smoke -free lobb ies and fire lift lobbies shall be pressurised.

(3) Th e air -ha ndlin g system for the affected smoke zone and the adjacent zones shall be shut down to avoi d re -
circulating throug h the system.

i. Restric tion of hazardous materials

(1) Hazard ous, flammable a nd combustible materi als shall be prohi bited or controll ed strictly if they have to be
used within th e facilities.

(2) If small quantities are ne eded, special approval has to be obtai ned from the SCDF.

j. Provision for emergency directional signage/ gener ator

(1) Photo luminescent markin g/ tape to guide occupants along evacuation routes to appropriate exits shall be
provide d:

(a) al ong i ntern al walls an d/ or floo rs of the exit staircase and protected lobby;

(b) at the exit staircase doo r; and

(c) in design ated corrido r wi th exit directional sign.

(2) Th e du ration of o peratio n for standby generator shal l be in accordance with the requi rements stipulated
in SS 535.

(3) Lifts at the cavern un its shall be connected to the standby generator.
Diag ram 9.9.1b. (1)(a ) - 1 : Retaining exiting 2 -storey shophouse

Diag ram 9.9.1b. (1)(a ) - 2 : Retaining exiting 3 -storey shophouse

Diag ram 9.9.1c.(1 )(a ) : Addi ng new attic to exiting 2 -storey shophouse

Diag ram 9.9.1c.(2 )(a ) : Addi ng new attic to exiting 3 -storey shophouse
Diag ram 9.9.1c.(2 )(d ) : Visual connection between the attic and the floor bel ow

Diag ram 9.9.1l.(1)(c) : Fire separation between the ol d and new blocks
Diag ram 9.9.4b. (2) - 1 : Hoarding obstructing means of escape

Diag ram 9.9.4b. (2) - 2 : Hoarding obstructing means of escape

 Diag ram 9.9.4b. (2) - 3 : Hoarding obstructing openi ngs for smoke dispersal

Diag ram 9.9.4b. (2) - 4 : Hoarding obstructing openi ngs for smoke dispersal

ANNEX 9.9A: INSPECTION CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING UNDER CONSTRUCTION

ANNEX 9.9A : INSPECTION CHECKLIST FOR BUILDING UNDER CONSTRUCTION

In Order If no, remedy
S/No. Description
Yes No action/comments

PART A : PROVISION OF FIREFIGHTING SYSTEMS

Rising Mains
 1 Dry rising mains shall be installed progressively during the course of construction as per approved plan and made operational for all storeys
except the uppermost 3 storeys, for building exceeding 8 storeys or habitable height of 24m.
2 Wet rising mains shall be installed progressively during the course of construction as per approved plan and made operational for all storeys
except the uppermost 3 storeys, for building exceeding 18 storeys or habitable height of 60m. The following shall be provided:
(a) break tank with minimum water capacity of 11.5m3; and
(b) fire pumps which are operational and supplied with emergency power supply.
3 Provision of breeching inlets (2-way/4-way)* provided as per approved plan. The following shall be complied with:
(a) breeching inlets made operational and housed in protective enclosure; and
(b) labelled and numbered accordingly.
4 Riser stacks are labelled and numbered and:
(a) earthing is provided; and
(b) air relief valve is provided.
5 Landing valves provided with blank caps and are strapped and padlocked in closed position.
Lift
6 Lift/passenger hoist ready for firefighters’ use shall be provided for building exceeding 8 storeys or habitable height of 24m.
Generator
Generator set or adequate PUB power supply shall be
7
provided for emergency lighting and firefighting purpose.
Fire Engine Accessway
8 Provision of adequate fire engine accessway (where practicable) for firefighting purpose.
Fire Extinguisher
At least one fire extinguisher of 13A rating shall be provided for every 500m² or less on each floor. Where provision of fire engine accessway is
9
not practicable, the quantity of fire extinguishers shall be doubled on each floor.
PART B : TESTING OF RISING MAINS
Breeching inlet
1 Inlet housed in protective enclosure.
2 Rigidly support
3 Labelled “dry/wet riser inlet” and numbered accordingly
4 Clear of obstruction
Riser
5 Air relief valve provided
6 Labelled & numbered accordingly
7 Earthing provided
Landing Valve
8 Blank cap provided
9 Strapped and padlock in closed position
10 Clear of obstruction
Pressure/Flow
Rising mains pipping
11
Hydrostatically tested at 1380 kPa (13.8 bar) or 1.5 times the design pressure, whichever is greater, for 2 hours.
Wet rising mains
12 (a) Flow rate at the topmost fully-opened landing valve (under pump/gravity feed) is at least 27 L/s; and
(b) Running pressure is between 2 bars and 5.5 bars at the landing valve
* Delete as ap pro pri ate
The re quirements in this chapter shall be rea d in conjunction with other requi rements relevant to the install ations
stipulated in Chapte r 1 to 9 of this Code. Whe re the re are conflicting requirem ents between this chapter and the
precedi ng chapt ers, the req uireme nts stipulated in this chapter shall take precedence.

Effective Date: 1 Dec 2020

CLAUSE 10.1 - LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) CYLINDER INSTALLATION

!
10.1.1 General

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023

a. The section stipulates the fire safety requirements for the commercial, industrial and residential premises with
eating o utlets, eating places , canteens, restaurants and other eateri es which use LP G for cooking purposes. It is
also intend ed for in dustri al a pplications involving hot works.

b. All LPG cylinder installations shall be located outdoors and on the ground levels for all commercial and industrial
buildi ngs. Locating LPG cylinders in doo r is normally not permitted, unl ess otherwise approved by the SCDF under
special circumstances (se e Annex 10.1B ).

c. A maximum of 30kg (2 x 15kg cylinders) is permitted t o be installed or stored withi n private dwelling unit for
domestic use.

d. NFPA 54 and NFPA 58 sh all be ref erred to for requirements not effected or covered under this chapter.

e. LPG plans shall include t he followi ng items:

(1) LPG’s storag e and ma nif old system.

(2) L ocation a nd site plans.

(3) Schematic diag rams of the LPG supply system showi ng change -over valve, vaporiser, regul ator, emergency
shut-off valve, remote cut -of f device, knock -out pot, pipe entry and all other required safety features.

(4) Plan and el evation views showing the foll owing detail s:

(a) L ocation, qu antity and ca pacity (in kg) of LPG cylinders.

(b) L ocations of ancilla ry fixtures and fittings, e.g. vapori sers, regulators, emergency shut -off valves,
change -over valves, remote cut -off devices, knock -out pots, pipe entries, droppers, etc.

(c) Housin g for the LPG cylinders, e.g. cabinets, fencing, compartment wall, etc.

(d) All op enin gs (doo rs, air i ntakes, windows, drains, manholes, etc.) and exits adjac ent to the LPG
installation.

(e) L ocations of hydra nt, access way, access road, car parking area, building and boundary lines, source
of ignition, etc.

(f) Fire safety provisions, e. g., fire hose reel, fire extinguisher, sprinkler protection (if any), gas leak
detector (if any), etc.

(5) Th e followi ng factors sha ll be taken into consideration when deciding on the prac ticality and reasonableness
to use LPG:

(a) a deq uacy of ventilation;

(b) extent of usag e of indivi dual rooms;

(c) existing fire haza rd;

(d) suitabl e means of escap e; and

 (e) firefightin g equi pment an d provisions.

10.1.2 Design requirements

a. Codes of pra ctic e and standards

All cylinders and their ancill ary fittings shall be designed, fabricated and tested in accordance with the accepted
Code o r Stand ard as stated in Annex 10.1A .

b. Fire stopping

All pipes penet rating fire wal l or floor slab sha ll be fire -stopped appropriately.

c. Pressure

No liqui d LPG or LPG vapo u r at pressure exceeding 20psi (approximately 138kPa) shall be pi ped i nto any buil di ng.

d. Fire extinguisher

The LPG installation shal l b e provid ed with at least one approved portabl e B:C rating dry chemical fire extinguis her
having a minimum capacity of 9kg.

e. Warning sign/notice

Warni ng signs/notices as shown in Di ag ram 10.1.2e. shall be provided.

10.1.3 Outdoor LPG cylinder installation

a. Siting of LPG cylinders

!
LPG cylinders shall be locat ed in accord ance with the following requirements:

(1) LPG cylinde rs shall be pl aced on a firm, clean, dry and level base. They shall be s ited at ground level and a
well-ve ntilated a rea whe re a ny gas leakage can safely and rapidly disperse. They shall not be pl aced close to
any passageways or exits and sha ll not cause any obstruction or danger to the occupants duri ng gas leakage or
fire.

(2) LPG cylinde rs shall not b e located withi n 3m of any fire exit route of a buildi ng having only one exit. If the
3m distance cannot be comp lied with, a 2 -hr fire-rated m asonry wall of at least 1.8m high shall be provided
betwee n the fire exit and the LPG installation so as to achieve the equivalent 3m hori zontal distance.

(3) LPG cylinde rs shall be lo cated at least 1.5m horizont ally away from any openings (windows, doors, air
vents, balanced-flu e outlets, etc.) of the building having more than one exit. If the 1.5m distance cannot be
complied, a 2-hr fire -rated m asonry wall of at least 1.8m high shall be provided between the openings and the
installation so as to maintai n a 1.5m horizontal distance.

(4) A minimum distance of 3 m shall be maintained between the edge of a vehicle parking lot.

(5) LPG cylinde rs shall be lo cated at least 5m horizontall y from any mechanical air intake which is below any
part of the manifol d system and 1.5m from any mechanical intake which is above any part of the manifol d
system.

(6) LPG cylinde rs can be installed bel ow wi ndows or openings provided that there is a minimum distance of
150mm between the to p of a ny cylinder or the manif old system and the bottom of the windows or openings.

(7) LPG cylinde rs of total capacity up to 600kg shall be l ocated at least 1.5m from any uncovered opening that
is below the level of the cylinders, such as drains, pits, openi ngs to basements, etc.. For LPG cylinders having
total capacity above 600kg, the distance from any uncov ered opening shall be at least 3m.

(8) LPG cylinde rs shall be lo cated at least 3m away from any boundary and any fire engine accessway.

(9) LPG cylinde rs shall be lo cated at least 10m away from any fire hydrant.

b. Protection for LPG cylin der installation

LPG cylinder installations sh all be protected in accordance with the followi ng requi rements:
 (1) LPG cylinde rs located in places accessible to the public shall be protected and locked against tamperi ng
and accidental damag e by fencing of height not less than 1.8m, a suitable housing or a cabinet made of non -
combustible material; a nd

(2) the re shall n ot be any co rrosive, toxic or oxidizing materials located within 6 met ers from the cylinder
installation.

c. Safety pro visions

The followi ng safety provisio ns shall be adh ered to for LPG cylinder installations:

(1) Fo r kitchen provid ed with fixed fire suppression system, activation of the system shall automatically shut off
the supply of LPG to the kitchen.

(2) Remote eme rge ncy shut -off valve shall be located at least 3m away from the edge of the installation. It shall
be clearly marked and pl ace d at a suitable hei ght for easy access during emergenci es. (see Diagram
10.1.3d.(1) a nd 10. 1.3d.(2)).

(3) Th ere sha ll be no i gnitio n source within 3m from the cylinder installation.

(4) All fixed electrical e quip ment within 1.5m of the inst allation shall be spark -proof and intri nsically safe in
accordance wit h the rel evan t clause in SS 254.

(5) Vap orise rs shall not be i nstalled inside the steel cabi net or withi n the same housing of the LPG cylinders.
Wall-mo unted vap orise rs shall be located at least 1.8m above the ground and 600mm away from any LPG
cylinder.

(6) Th e distance between two separat e manifold systems shall be at least 3m. If a 2 -hr fire -rat ed wall is
constructed, the distance be tween the two nearest cylinders can be halved.

d. Allowable quantities

(1) Ea ting outlets

LPG cylinder installation (for eating outl ets) with capacity up to a maximum of 600kg by weight attached to a
single manifold system installed adj acent to a buil ding is allowed provided that the following requirements are
fully complied with. See Dia gram 10.1. 3d.(1) and Table 10.1A :

(a) a maximum of two steel cabinets is allowed for each installation, and each cabinet is allowed to house
a maximum of 6 x 50kg LPG cylinders;

(b) the sep aration distance betwee n the two cabi nets shall be at least 600mm;

(c) the buil ding is of non -co mbustible construction and the wall has a rating of at least 2 -hr fire resistance;
and

(d) the maximum numb er of LPG manifold systems shall not exceed two per buil ding.

(2) Industry buildings

LPG cylinder installation of capacity exceeding 600kg to a maximum of 1000kg by weight attached to a single
manifold system can be used for industri al applications only, provided that the following requi rements are fully
complied with. See Di agram 10.1.3d.(2) and Tabl e 10.1A :

(a) a maximum of two steel cabinets is allowed for each installation and each cabi net is allowed to house
a maximum of 10 x 50kg LPG cylinders; and

(b) a wall of at least 2 -h r fire resistance rating or a spac ing of 3m shall be provided to separat e the LPG
cylinders into two groups of maximum 10 x 50kg per group.

10.1.4 Indoor LPG cylinder installation

a. Location

(1) LPG cylinde r installation shall be properly located so as not to cause any obstruction to the fire escape and
any dang er to the p ublic. Suitable access to the cylinder for emergency services shall be provided.
 (2) Th e edg e of the installati on shall be at least 3m from any boundary or any fire engine accessway.

b. Safety provision s

(1) Th e location of the g as leak detector shall not be more than 300mm above the ground level and not more
than 4m away from the edg e of the installation and the point of consumption.

(2) Remote eme rge ncy shut -off valve shall not be installed inside the compartment and shall be at least 1.5m
away from the ed ge of the in stallation. It shall be clearly marked and at a suitable hei ght to access during
emerg encies.

(3) Fixed fire suppression system, if installed, shall be li nked to the LPG cylinder ins tallation in such a way that
activation of the system shall automatically shut off the supply of LPG to the kitchen.

(4) Vap orise rs (whe re a pplic able ) shall not be install ed i nside the compartment or wi thin the same housing of
the LPG cylinders.

(5) Th e compartment shall o nly be used for LPG cylinder installation. No other usage is allowed.

(6) Th e floor of the comp art ment shall be a smooth concrete base contai ning no opening or drain where vapour
can accumulate and shall b e level or slope down towards the ventilated external wall.

R
(7) A ramp or sill of 250mm high shall b e provided across the doorway (where applic able) into the compartment
whe re LPG cylinders are ins talled to contain any heavy LPG vapour within the compartment.

(8) All electrical con nections and ap pliances shall be i nstalled in accordance wit h the relevant clauses in SS
254.

c. LPG cylinder installatio n in separate compartment

LPG cylinders are all owe d to be installed i n a separate compartment on the ground floor, provided that the foll owing
requ ireme nts are complie d with. See Diag ram 10. 1.4c. and Tabl e 10.1B :

(1) Allowable qu antity

(a) A maximum of 400kg of LPG is allowed to be installed using a single manifold system inside a
compartment. The qu antity of cylinder is restricted to 8, regardless of the capacity of each cylinder (e.g. 2
grou ps of 4 x 50kg cylinders or 2 groups of 4 x 1 5kg cylinders).

(b) Th e area or comp artment in which the LPG cylinders are installed shall be sprinkl er - protected. If the
compartment is not sprinkler -protected, the quantity of LPG shall be halved (i. e., 200kg).

(c) For commercial p remises, the maximum number of LPG manifold system shall not exceed two per
buildi ng.

(2) Compar tment

(a) Th e compartment shall h ave at least one external wall and there shall be no access from the
compartment into the b uildi n g.

(b) W alls common to the compartment and the internal spaces of the building shall be 2 - hr fire -rated and
shall be of masonry constru ction.

(c) Each compartment shall contain only one LPG manif old system.

(3) Ventila tion

(a) Doo rs shall have high an d low level louvers and shall be opened outwards.

(b) Natural ventilation is allo wed if the total length of the compartment external wall i s not less than 6m
and the distance b etwe en th e external wall and its oppos ite wall is not more than 3m. Otherwise,
mechanical ventilation sh all be provided.

(c) High a nd lo w vents shall be provided on the external wall at just below ceili ng lev el and above floor
level. The total free a rea of the vents provided shall be at least 300cm²/m² of floor area.
 (d) Th e vent ope nings shall be kept free from obstruction and shall not discharge directly onto a public
place, e.g. a pavement o r pa th. It shall not be less than 5m from any air intake openi ngs and shall be at
least 1.5m horizontal ly away from any buildin g opening which is below the vent opening level.

(e) W here mechanical ventil ation is used, air circulation shall be at least 0.3m /min.m of floor area.
3 2

Discharge outlets shall be at least 1.5m horizontally away from any building openi ng which is located
below th e discharg e level.

d. LPG cylinder installatio n in recessed area

Building recess used for hou sing LPG cylinder installation shall comply with the following requi rements. See Diagram
10.1.4d. an d Tabl e 10.1B :

(1) Design

(a) Th e maximum depth of the recess shall be not more than 1m deep.

(b) Th e floor, ceilin g and th e dividing walls between the recess and the internal spaces of the building
shall be brick, concrete or other n on -combustible materi als shall have a fire resistance rating of not less
than 2 ho urs.

(c) Access to the recess shall only be from the external of the buildi ng.

(2) Loc ation

(a) Th e recess shall be at ground floor and shall be for the exclusive use of housing LPG cylinders.

(b) Th e recess shall not be l ocated within 3m of any fire exit route from a bui lding that has only one
designate d means of exit. If the 3m distance cannot be c omplied wit h, a 2 -hr fire -rat ed masonry wall shall
be provided b etwee n the fire exit and the inst allation so as to achieve the 3m horizontal distance.

(c) The recess shall be locat ed at least 1.5m from any horizontal openings (windows, doors, air vents,
balance d-flu e outlets, etc.) of the buildi ng having more t han one designated means of escape, measured
horizont ally from the nea rest LPG cylinder. If the 1.5m distance cannot be complied with, a 2 -hr fire -rat ed
masonry wall shall b e provided between the openings and the installation so as to achieve the 1.5m
horizont al distance.

(d) Th e recess shall be locat ed at least 3m from ignition source.

(e) A minimum ho rizontal dis tance of 3m shall be maintai ned bet ween the nearest edge of a vehicle
parking l ot to the recessed a rea.

(f) Recessed area locate d b elow wi ndows or openings shall maintai n a minimum distance of 150mm
betwee n the top of the recessed area or any part of the manifold system (piping, vaporiser, etc.,
whichever is hig her) an d the bottom of the windows or openings.

(g) LPG cylinde rs shall be lo cated at least 5m horizontall y from any mechanical air intake which is below
any part of the manifol d system and 1.5m from any mechanical intake which is above any part of the
manifold system.

(3) Allowable qu antity

(a) A maximum of 400kg of LPG is allowed to be installed using a single manifold system inside the
recessed are a. The qu antity of cylinder is restricted to 8, regardless of the capacity of each cylinder (e.g.,
2 gro ups of 4 x 50kg cylinders or 2 groups of 4 x 15kg cylinders).

(b) Th e space or compa rtme nt where the pipework and ancillary fittings are installed shall be sprinkler -
protected (except for the rec essed area). If not, the LPG quantity shall be halved (200kg).

(c) For commercial p remises, the maximum number of LPG manifold system shall not exceed two per
buildi ng.

(4) Sa fety

Any pipe pen etratio n on the walls of the recess area shal l be suitably fire -stopped to maintain the 2 -hr fire
resistance rating of the wall s.

(5) Ventila tion

 Permane nt unobstructed hig h and lo w ventilation openings, not less than 300cm²/m² of recess floor area, shall
be provided fo r venting the recess space to the external of the buildi ng.

10.1.5 Gas leak detection system and other requirements

a. Gas leak detection system shall be provid ed withi n area, room or compartment involving LPG piping system,
rega rdl ess whethe r the ment ioned spaces are naturally ventilated, mechanically ventilated or air -conditioned. The
gas leak detection system shall, upo n detection, aut omatically shut off gas supply and sound the al arm
(see Cl.A2.3 of Annex 10.1A on Gas Leak Detection).

b. A fail -safe central soleno i d isolation valve interl ocked with the gas leak detection system shall be installed at t he
main pipe immedi ately outside the metal cabin et.

c. All flexible pigtail tubings shall be of heavy duty type, UL listed and i ntegrated wit h one -way check valve.

d. If vapour manifold is insta lled for tempo ra ry use when vaporiser is under repair or repl acement, its design shall
adhe re to the similar d esign criteria for li quid li ne.

e. The LPG installation (i.e. including all pipi ngs, manifol d system, devices/ equipment such as vaporiser and
pressure rele ase valves etc.) shall be sepa rated with 2 -hr fire-rated masonry wall from other area and all shop units.

f. The installation shall be p rotected with 2 -h rs fire-rated roof cover if there is any ot her equipment such as air -
condition cond ensing unit et c. installed above it.

g. All electrical fittings shall comply with IEC 60079, incl uding Parts 10, 14 and 17, i.e., electrical installations in
hazard ous are as.

h. Hose reel cove rag e shall be provided.

i. The LPG installation shall be within 4 5m ra nge from fire engine access road and fire hydrant is within 50m range
from the fire en gine access road.

j. Where LPG installati on is located within a back -lane, public street or service road, it shall be accessible to
firefighte rs from both en ds of the back -lane, public street or service road.

10.1.6 Reduced separation distances between LPG storage and boundaries

a. The separation distances stipulated un der Cl.10.1.3a.(2), Cl.10.1.3a.(3) and Cl.10. 1.3a.(8) can be reduced as
follows provid ed all th e cond itions stipulated under are f ulfilled:

(1) at le ast 1.5m separatio n betwee n LPG installation and the common boundary lines of the two abutting shop
units;

(2) at le ast 3m separation b etween LPG installation and the opposite property;

(3) at le ast 1.5m separatio n betwee n LPG installation compartment and the exit, if this exit is the only exit for
the shop unit; an d

(4) at le ast 1.5m separatio n betwee n LPG installation and the final discharge of exit staircase, if this staircase
is the only exit staircase serving uppe r or basement levels.

b. Conditio ns for re duced se parati on distances between LPG installation and boundaries

(1) Th e LPG storage sh all b e fully protected with masonry wall includi ng 2 -hrs fire -rated roof cover; access
door sha ll also be 1 -hr fi re-rated with lo w level air gap of 75mm for ventilation purpose; the masonry wall facing
abutting sho p unit shall be e xte nded at least 300mm higher than the enti re LPG installation.

(2) In a ddition to Cl.10.1.5 a. , gas leak detector(s) shall be provided at the LPG install ation that shall upon
detection, automatically shut off the gas supply, sound the alarm and activate the strobe light located next to
the LPG storage (with “G as Leak” in dication beside the strobe l ight ).

(3) Th e minimum ala rm soun ding du ratio n shall be 3 mins and the strobe light (blue) shall flash continuously.

(4) Red b ackgroun d signa ge with white lettering of 50mm in size with the following details shall be pl aced at
the LPG storage compa rtme nt and at the emergency shut -off valve pull box.
(5) Emergency shut -off switch for the isolation valve shall be provided beside the em ergency shut -off valve pull
box.

(6) Th e total numb er of gas cylinders shall be limited to 6.

Diag ram 10.1.2 e. : Warning sign/notice for LPG cylinder installation

 Diag ram 10.1.3 d.(1 ) : LPG cylinder installati on for eating outlets

Diag ram 10.1.3 d.(2 ) : LPG cylinder installati on for industrial applications
 Diag ram 10.1.4c. : Indoo r L PG cylinder installation in s eparate compartment

Diag ram 10.1.4 d. : LPG cylinder i nstallation in recessed area

TABLE 10.1A : VARIOUS DISTANCES FOR OUTDOOR LPG INSTALLATIONS

Distance from
Horizontal
drains, pit, Distance
No. of No. of No. of Distance Distance distance from Distance Distance
Distance manhole, oil from
cabinets cylinders cylinders between from fire windows, from between
LPG quantity from tank bund vehicle
per per cabinet / per cabinet / exit doors, vents, mechanical manifold
boundary wall, parking
manifold cluster manifold cluster route balance flue air intake systems
basement lot
outlets, etc.
opening etc.
(kg) (m) (no.) (no.) (no.) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)

3m
5m min. 3m min.
min.
(intakes be (no fire-
(one
low rated
exit
manifold wall)
only)
Not more 3m 2 6 12 0.6m 1.5m system) 3m
1.5 minimum
than 600kg minimum maximum maximum maximum minimum minimum minimum
1.5m
1.5m
1.5m min. min.
min.
(intakes (with 2-
(more
above hr fire-
than
manifold rated
one
system) wall)
exit)
600kg to 3m
1000kg minimum
3m 2 10 20 3m 5m min. 3m
(industrial or 2-hr 2m minimum 1.5m minimum 6 min.
minimum maximum maximum maximum min. (intakes be minimum
applications fire-rated (no fire-
only) wall (one low
 exit manifold rated
only) system) wall)

1.5m 1.5m min. 3m min.

min (intakes (with 2-
(more above hr fire-
than manifold rated
one system) wall)
exit)
TABLE 10.1B : TECHNICAL DETAILS FOR INDOOR LPG INSTALLATIONS

Distance
from Open Min. Dist. Of
Fire rating of Mechanical Distance
Quantity Allowed flame, discharge from
compartment Ventilation from exits
Location of ignition mech. air intake
source Sprinkler / Gas Leak Natural Ventilation
LPG
detector

(kg)
(hr) (m3/min) (m)
(m)
(m)

a) 300cm2 opening per

m2 of compartment floor
area 1.5m min.
Sprinkler required else (intakes above
only max 200kg of LPG is manifold
400kg. max. (8 x allowed system)
50kg or 8 x 0.3 per meter
Separate Not
15kg) 2 square of
Compartment applicable b) high and low vents 1.5m
compartment
shall be provided
Maximum 8 floor area
cylinders If no sprinkler or if air- 5m min.
conditioned, gas leak (intakes be low
detector is required manifold
system)
c) min. length of external
wall 6m

Sprinkler required 1.5m min.

(excluding recessed area) (intake above
a) 300cm2 opening per
else only max 200kg of manifold
400kg. max. (8 x m2 of compartment floor
LPG is allowed 3m if only system)
50kg or 8 x area
Recessed one exit,
15kg) 2 3 Not applicable
Area otherwise
1.5m
Maximum 8
cylinders If no sprinkler or if air- 5m min.
b) high and low vents
conditioned, gas leak (intakes be low
shall be provided
detector is required manifold
(excluding recessed area) system)

CLAUSE 10.2 - SOLAR PHOTO-VOLTAIC (PV) INSTALLATION

10.2.1 Roof-mounted PV installations

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

a. General

This set of fire safety requirements shall be app licable t o roof -m ounted PV installations. For PV installations on the roof
of PG I buildings, the req uirements are stipulate d in Cl. 9.1.1d.

b. Means of acc ess

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

(1) Fo r access to PV installations on the ro of (excluding non -PV areas), at least one exit staircase shall be provi ded.
Where the area is larg e an d one -way travel distance to t he exit cannot be met, an additional cat ladder or ship
ladde r ad equ ately separa t ed from the exit staircase, in accordance with Cl.2.2. 11 and leadi ng to the circulation area
of the floor be low shall be provided, except for the following:

(a) Sing le storey buil dings with roof hei ght not more than 12m or inaccessible pitched roof up to 24m from
grad e level are re qui red to p rovide a p ortable sturdy ladder or cat/ ship ladder. If there is a fire engine access
road se rving ro of heig ht not more than 12m or fire engi ne accessway serving inaccessible pitched roof
exceeding 1 2m and u p to 24 m is provided, access to PV installation is not required.

(b) Extern al/ open -side d ove rhea d bri dge/ shed/ linkway/ walkway with clear wi dth not more than 6m, roof
height n ot more tha n 12m an d without a ny commercial activities .
 (2) Fo r buil dings wh ere plan s submission on the installation of PVs on the roof level was made on or before 16 June
2016, the p rovision of singl e exit staircase is not required. Instead, a cat/ship ladder to provide access to the roof
shall be provided .

(3) Th e computation of trave l distance for roof areas whi ch are open to the sky for any purpose group can be based
on the re qui rement for sp rin kler -p rotected compartments/buildings.

(4) All access hatches, if provided, shall be readily accessible from the roof. The access hatch opening shall hav e a
minimum clear width of 1m i n diamete r .

c. Fire performanc e of PV modules

(1) PV modules shall meet a minimum of Class C for both spread of flame and burni ng brand tests, in accordanc e
with IEC 6173 0-2.

(2) System components associated with the PV modules , such as wirings and switchboard assemblies, shall comply
with the installatio n req uire ments as stipulated in SS 638.

d. Design and installation criteria

Effective Date: 1 June 2020

(1) Each a rray of a PV installation shall not exceed the maximum dimensions of 60m x 40m.

(2) A clearance of 3m aroun d the access/ hatch opening and exit doors shall be provided.

(3) Access aisles of minimum clear width of 1.5m shall be provided such that no part of any PV array is more than
20m from any of them. Where the access aisle abuts the edge of the roof, the clear width of the access aisle shall be
at least 2.5m unless a p erim eter pa rap et/raili ng of hei ght not less than 900mm is provided.

(4) Storages or se rvices located bel ow PV arrays excluding those stated under Cl.10.2.1b.(1)(b ), shall be separated
from the PV panels as follows:

(a) fo r sprinkle r -p rotected s pace belo w arrays, by providing a non -combustible separation, or

(b) fo r non -spri nkler-protected space below arrays, by providing a 1 -hr fire -rated separati on.

(5) PV modules, wirings, switchboard assemblies and other equipment shall not cover any ventilation system on the
roof (e. g., smoke control/ extraction systems or air well ).

(See Dia gram 10.2.1.d. )

e. Emergency disconnec tio n

(1) Man ual eme rg ency shut -off system for the disconnection of the PV modules shall be provided on both the AC -
powe r side (typically whe re i nverters are placed) and the switch room side.

(2) Op erating instructions fo r the emergency shut off system shall be placed at a hei ght of between 1.5m to 2m from
the finished floo r level an d clearly displaye d near to the emergency shut -off system.

(3) Simplifie d site plan with the position of PV modules and system circuit diagrams shall be placed at a height of
betwee n 1.5m to 2m from th e finished floo r level and displayed close to the access openings or the exit staircase
from the roof.

10.2.2 Wall-mounted PV installations

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

a. General

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

This set of fire safety requirements shall be applicable t o wall -m ounted PV installations.

b. Fire performance of PV modules

 Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

(1) PV modules shall comply with all of the followi ng requirements:

(a) the outer l ayers shall be constructed of glass or non -combustible material;

(b) a minimum of Class B with Fire Growth Rate (FIGRA) ≤ 70 W/s under EN 13501 -1;

(c) a minimum of Class A for both spre ad of flame and burni ng brand for Modul e Safety Tests (MST) 23 (fire
test), in accordance with IEC 6173 0-2;

(d) at least a pass for MST 22 (h ot spot endurance test), MST 25 (bypass diode thermal test) and MST 26
(reve rse curre nt overlo ad te st), in accordance with IEC 61730-2;

(e) Junction b oxes shall comply with IEC 61730 -1 for glow wire test and achieve flammability class V -1 for
outer accessible pa rts, flammability class HB for inner parts, flammability class 5V on the end -product and the
result is assessed in accordance with flammability class 5VB; and

(f) Ca bles used shall comply with IEC 61730 -1 for vertical flame propagation.

(2) System components associated with the PV modules , such as wirings and switchboard assemblies, shall comply
with the installatio n req uire ments as stipulated in SS 638.

c. Design and installa tion criteria

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

(1) PV installations shall co mply with all of the followi ng :

(a) PV installations shall be mounted o n external walls of at least 1 -hr fire resistance.

(b) PV installations shall be installed at least 5m vertically above grade level. Alternatively, PV installations can
be installed 3m a bove grade level, if a 1 -hr fire -rated horizontal proj ection that extends at least 600mm from
the buildi ng is installed b en eath the PV installation.

(c) PV installations shall be installed away from any unprotected openings, or combustible material/
construction within 1.5m h orizontally or within 3m vertically, or adjacent to or facing it. Alternatively, the 3m
vertical separatio n can be e xempted if a 1-hr fire-rated horizont al projection that extends at least 600mm from
the buildi ng is installed b etween the PV installation and t he unprotected openi ng.

(d) PV installations located adjacent to exit staircases shall comply with Cl.2.3.3a. (3) or Cl.2.3. 3b.(2)(b) .

(e) On ly components (i.e., cables, junction box, etc.) serving the PV installations are allowed to be run between
the PV modules and the ext erna l wall.

(f) All cables and related co mponents shall be housed i n a non -combustible conduit. The positive and negative
DC cables shall be i nstalled in separate containments.

d. Emergency disconnectio n

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

(1) Man ual eme rg ency shut -off system for the disconnection of the PV modules shall be provided on both the AC -
powe r side (typically whe re i nverters are placed) and the switch room side.

(2) Op erating instructions fo r the emergency shut -off system shall be placed at a hei ght of between 1.5m to 2m from
the finished floo r level an d clearly displaye d near to the emergency shut -off system.

(3) A simplified site plan wit h the position of PV modules and system circuit diagram s shall be placed at a hei ght
betwee n 1.5m to 2m from th e finished floo r level and displayed close to the switch room or FCC, if applicable.
 Diag ram 10.2.1 d. : Roof -mounted PV Installation Criteri a

CLAUSE 10.3 - ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS

Effective Date: 1 June 2020

10.3.1 General

(a) Ene rgy Storag e System refers to one o r more devices, assembled together, capable of storing energy in order to
supply electrical ene rgy at a future time to the local power loads, to the utility grid, or for gri d support.

(b) This set of fire safety requirements need not be appl icable to Energy Storage System installations where the total
stored en ergy is less than the Thresho ld Stored Energy li sted in Table 10. 3.1 below.

(c) All Energy Storag e System installations shall be locat ed at the same storey as the fire engi ne accessway/fire
engin e access road.

(d) Th e allo wabl e Maximum Stored Ene rgy for the vari ous battery technologi es in each compartment shall be as
listed in Table 1 0.3.1.

TABLE 10.3.1: STORED ENERGY CAPACITY OF ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

Threshold Stored Energy a Maximum Stored Energy a

Type
(kWh) (kWh)

Lead-acid batteries, all types 70 600

Nickel batteries b 70 600

Lithium-ion batteries, all types 20 600

Sodium nickel chloride batteries 20 600

Flow batteries c 20 600

 TABLE 10.3.1: STORED ENERGY CAPACITY OF ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

Other batteries technologies 10 200

Note:

a
It shall refer to an aggregated stored energy capacity per compartment. For battery rating in Amp-Hours, kWh is equal to maximum rated voltage multiplied by amp-hr rating divided by
1000.

b
Nickel battery technologies include nickel cadmium (Ni-Cad), nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH), and nickel zinc (Ni-Zn).

c
Includes vanadium, zinc-bromine, polysulfide-bromide, and other flowing electrolyte-type technologies.

10.3.2 Temporary Energy Storage System installation on construction sites

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023

ESS installation on construction sites shall be located outdoors and comply with all the followi ng requi rements:

(a) Cl. 10.3.1d. on compartm entation shall be applicable;

(b) All ESS installations shall be located at the ground level and sited close to the boundary line adj acent to any
public ro ad or any internal d riveway that is accessible by firefighting appli ances. If the ESS is sited more than 100m
away from the pu blic roa d, a private hydra nt shall be provided;

(c) ESS installation shall be protected a nd locked agains t tampering and accidental damage by non -combustibl e
fencing of heig ht not less than 1.8m;

(d) Setback distance of 3m measured betwe en the ESS installation and the fencing shall be provided. No
combustible items shall be located within this 3m separation space;

(e) App roved types of fire ex tinguishe rs of at least 2 numbers of 55A shall be provided;

(f) An app roved fire extingui shing system effective against ESS fire, shall be provided; and

(g) Ventil ation requi reme nt for ESS installation shall be i n accordance with Cl.7.1.15.

CLAUSE 10.4 -ELECTRIC VEHICLE (EV) CHARGING INSTALLATION

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2022

10.4.1 General

The re quirements in Cl.10.4. 2 are exempte d for PG I buil dings.

10.4.2 Emergency main isolation shut -off switches

a. Each EV chargin g station shall be provided with at least one emergency main isolation shut -off switch(es) locat ed
such that no person n eed to travel more tha n 15m from t he EV charging station and i ts parking lot(s) to reach a main
isolation shut -off switch.

b. If more than one EV charging station is provided, the main isolation shut -off switch(es) shall be provided such that
no pe rson ne ed to travel mo re than 1 5m from any EV chargi ng station and its associated parking lot(s) to reach a
main isolation shut -off switch.

c. Main isolation switch(es) shall be located o n the same storey as the EV charging station(s) they serve. The
purp ose of such main isolation shut -off switch(es) is to provide a safe means of isolating the main electrical power
supply to the entire EV char ging system on the same storey .

d. Every EV charging station s and EV parking lots shall be located at least 3m away from the nearest edge of any
main isolation shut -off switches .

Exception

Main isolation shut -off switches can be allo wed to be less than 3m from an EV chargi ng station and its parking lot (s),
 as long as there is at least o ne othe r main isolation shut -off switch located at least 3m away but still within 15m of
this EV charging station and its parking lot(s) .

e. Main isolation shut -off switches shall be located between 800mm and 1.2m above the finished floor level and shall
be located in a cle arly visible and e asily accessible location .

f. All main isolation shut -off switches shall be clearly labelled. Clear instructions shall be indicated on how to
operate the main isol ation shut -off switch. Signages shall be provided with a letter height of at least 50mm.

g. Where main isolation shut -off switch(es) cannot be seen clearly or not within li ne of sight from the EV
chargin g station and its pa rking lot(s), ad ditional signages shall be provided to direct persons to the main isolati on
shut-off switch(es).

ANNEX 10.1A - STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR LPG CYLINDER

INSTALLATIONS

A1.0 STANDARDS

The followi ng stand ards for LPG cylinders and ancill ary fittings shall be complied wit h:

TABLE 1 : STANDARDS FOR LPG CYLINDERS & FITTINGS

S/N ITEM STANDARDS
1 Cylinder SS 99
Cylinder Fittings
a) Flexible Hose SS 233
2
b) Regulator SS 281, BS 3016, UL144
c) Cylinder valve SS 294
3 Gas Leak Detector BS EN 60079-29-1 and BS EN 600179-14

A2.0 SPECIFICATIONS

A2.1 LPG Cylinder Fittings

a. Flexible hoses

(1) Hoses or flexible conn ectors used to supply LPG to utilization equi pment or appli ances shall be installed i n
accordance wit h the rel evan t clauses of NFPA 54 and NFPA 58. The hose shall be securely connected to the
applia nce. The use of ru bbe r slip ends without hose clips shall not be permitted for domestic cylinders.

(2) Hoses shall be tested an d passed the performance criteria in accordance with SS 233.

b. Regulators

Regul ators shall comply with the standards as specified i n the table above.

c. Over pres sure pro tec tio n device

(1) An ove r pressure protection device is a device to protect the downstream installation and shut off the gas
flow if the outlet pressure ex ceeds the set limit.

(2) In g ene ral, a re gul ator wi th over pressure protection device shall be designed to achieve the following:

(a) e nsurin g reli able and co ntinuous supply of LPG;

(b) p rotecting d ownstream system against over pressure; and

(c) protectin g agai nst failure of any regul ating device.

(3) Setting of ove r pressure protection d evice shall not be more than 30% of maximum operati ng pressure.

d. Valves

(1) Cylinder valv es

 Cylinde r valves shall comply with the standards as specified in the tabl e above.

(2) Sa fety valve s

(a) Hyd rostatic relief valves designed to reli eve the hydrostatic pressure that might develop in sections of
liquid pi ping betwe en two is olating valves shall be instal led in each section. Hydrostatic valves shall
comply with UL 132, Stand ard for Pressure Relief Valves for LPG.

(b) Emergency shut -off valve shall be provided after the knockout pot. The emergency shut -off valve shall
be linked to a release mech anism so that the valve can be closed from a safe distance of at least 3m from
the LPG cylinders. The emergency shut -off valve may incorporate fusibl e element whi ch melts at not more
than 25 0° whe n exposed to f ire, allowing the emergency shut - off valve to close by itself.

(c) An accessible gas shutoff valve shall be provided at the upstream of each gas pressure regulator.
Where two gas pressure reg ulators are installed i n series in a single gas line, a manual valve shall not be
requ ire d at the second regul ator.

(d) Mai n gas shut -off valves controlling several gas piping systems shall be prominent and readily
accessible for operation a nd prop erly installed so as to protect it from physical damage. They shall be
marked with a metal ta g or o ther pe rmanent means atta ched by the installing agency so that the gas
piping systems supplied thro ugh them can be readily identified.

(e) An exteri or shut -off valve to permit turni ng off the gas supply to each building i n an emergency shall
be provided a nd pla inly marked.

e. Piping

(1) Pipe design a nd specifications shall be in accordanc e with the rel evant clauses in NFPA 54 and NFPA 58.
No polyethyle ne materi al is allowed to be used for the pi ping system except for necessary industrial
applicatio ns.

(2) Pipe mate rial shal l be te sted and certified according to recognised ASTM or British Standard. The pipe
supplier sh all produce Mill certificates.

(3) Th e manifold and main L PG supply pipeline shall be welded together as far as practicable. Welders for the
piping work must be qua lifie d and certifie d by a recognised body.

(4) Pipe lines pressure test shall be wit nessed and certified by a Professional Engi neer (Mechanical).

(5) Th e liqui d LPG pipeli nes shall be pai nted in “Bl ue” and the vapour LPG pipel ines i n “Yellow” with the
marking of the wo rd “LP -Gas ” at intervals of not more than 3m.

(6) W hen con necting ad ditio nal gas utilisation equipm ent to a gas piping system, the existing piping shall be
checked to determine if it ha s adequate capacity. If inadequate, the existing system shall be enl arged as
requ ire d, or sepa rate g as eq uipment of a dequate capacity shall be provided.

f. Pigtail

(1) Pigtail shall i nclude a 6mm flexible hose or tube, a 6mm tee -check valve or excess flow valve and a 6mm
ball valve.

(2) Flexibl e hose shall b e fa bricated of materials resistant to LPG reaction both i n liquid and vapour state. It
shall be desig ned fo r a mini mum bursting pressure of 1750 psi (121 bar) and working pressure of 350 psi (24
bar). The hose shall b e marked “LPG ” at intervals of not more than 3m.

(3) Th e tee-ch eck valve shall be Und erwriters Laboratori es Inc. (UL) listed or it shall comply with other
recognise d/ app roved stand ard.

(4) Th e ball valve shall be rated to at least 600 psi (41 bar).

g. Pressure gauge

(1) Each ba nk of LPG cylinder manifol d shall have a pressure gauge.

(2) Fo r hig h-p ressure sectio n, the gaug e shall have a range of 0 to 300 psi (0 to 20. 1 bar)

(3) Fo r low -p ressure section , the gauge shal l have a range of 0 to 50 psi (0 to 3.45 bar)

h. Vaporiser
 (1) Vap orise rs, where applic able, shall be constructed in accordance with the applicable provision of NFPA 58,
ASME Code or othe r recog ni sed pressure vessel Codes and Standards for a design pressure of 250 psi (17.24
bar) and shall be pe rman ent ly and legibly marked with:

(a) ma rkings req uired by the Code;

(b) the allowable workin g pressure and temperat ure for which it is designed; and

(c) the name o r symbol of the manufacturer.

(2) Vap orise rs shall be provided with a suitable aut omati c means to prevent the passage of liqui d through the
vaporiser to th e vapou r discharg e pipi ng. This feature shall be permitted to be i ntegrated wit h the vaporiser or
otherwise provid ed in the externa l pi pin g.

(3) Vap orise rs shall have a manual shut -off valve and an automated valve (e.g., thermostatic, magnetic or float)
which closes in the event of powe r failu re or overload.

(4) Vap orise rs shall have rel evant temperat ure cont rol and the necessary safety features.

(5) Vap orise rs shall have a pressure relief valve set at 250 psi (17.24 bar) with the release poi nt directed
upwa rd.

i. Knock-out pot

The knockout pot shall have at least two drain valves. The drain shall end at ground level and plugged at the end.

j. Gas meters

(1) Installatio n an d applicati on of gas meters shall be in accordance wit h the rel evant clauses in NFPA 54 and
shall be abl e to take a pressure of 20 psi (1 psi = 6.895 kPa).

(2) Gas meters shall b e sele cted for the maximum expected pressure and permissibl e pressure drop.

(3) Vap ou r meters of the tin or brass case type of soldered construction shall not be used at pressure in excess
of 1 psi (7 kPa).

(4) Vap ou r meters of the die cast or iron case type shall be permitted to be used at any pressure equal to or
less than the workin g pressu re for which they are designed and marked.

(5) Gas meters shall b e loca ted in ventilated spaces readily accessible for examination, reading, replacement
or necessary mainten ance.

(6) Gas meters shall n ot be placed wh ere they will be subjected to damage, such as adjacent to a driveway,
unde r a fire escap e, in publi c passages, halls or where they will be subjected to exc essive corrosion or
vibration.

(7) Gas meters shall b e loca ted at least 1m from sources of ignition.

(8) Gas meters shall n ot be l ocated wh ere they will be subjected to extreme temperat ures or sudden extreme
changes in tempe ratu re. Meters shall not be located in areas where they are subjected to temperatures beyond
those recommend ed by the manufacture r.

(9) Gas meters shall b e sup porte d or connected to rigi d piping so as not to exert a strain on the meters.

(10 ) Gas meters shall be p ro tected against over pressure, back pressure, and vacuum, where such conditions
are a nticipated.

k. Strainers

Strainers shall be design ed t o minimise the possibility of particulate materials cloggi ng lines and damagi ng meters or
regu lators. The strain er el e ment shall be accessible for cleaning.

A2.2 Electrical bonding and grounding

a. Electrical circuits shall no t utilise gas piping or components as conductors.

 b. All electrical connections betwee n wi ring a nd electrically operated control devices in a piping system shall
conform to the re quirements of SS 254.

c. Any essential safety control (in the vap oriser) dependi ng on el ectrical current as the operating medium shall be of
a type that will shut off (fail safe) the flow of gas in the event of current failure.

A2.3 Gas leak detection

a. Gas leak detectors shall b e connected to a localised al ert alarm, emergency shut - off valve as well as the kitchen
exhaust systems. The gas supply safety shut -off valve system shall also be interlocking with the kitchen aut omati c
fire suppression system . See diag ram bel ow.

b. LPG pipe installatio n shal l not be pe rmitted in the foll owing areas:

(1) in th e gro und und er conc rete floo ring within building;

(2) u nde r buil ding unde r bui l ding fou ndations;

(3) wit hin lift shafts and cavity walls;

(4) in comp artments or d ucts dedicated for el ectrical switchgears, transformers or ai r -conditioning ducts;

(5) in refri geration chamb ers , coldrooms, air handling rooms and ventilation or other hazardous materials;

(6) a djacent to pip es and ve ssels containing flammable, oxidizing, corrosive and other hazardous materials;
and

(7) in fire lift lobby, FCC, smoke -fre e lobbi es, fire pump rooms, firefighting water tank rooms, sprinkler control
valve rooms, riser ducts, are as of refuge, protected corri dors, exit staircases, bedrooms and other occupied
area, etc.

c. Proper metal pip e sleeve shall be installed for the gas pipes running i n enclosed non -ventil ated areas or basement
floor, and at least one en d e xposed directly to the exteri or open safe space (it can be used to facilitate the gas leak
detection system).

d. Gas pipe ru nnin g verticall y shall be enclosed withi n a protected riser shaft and be fully fire separated from other
M&E risers. Ventilation open ing shall be p rovided for such gas riser.

ANNEX 10.1B - CONDITIONS FOR INDOOR STORAGE/ USE OF LPG IN EATING OUTLETS

B1.0 DEFINITION

a. Eating outlet

“Eating outl et” refe rs to shop unit/ units operated as food outlet, food court, eati ng place, restaurant, hawker centre
or coffee shop.
 b. Food stall

“Food stall” refe rs to stall operate d by indep endent operator within an eating outlet.

B2.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

All eating outlets shall not u se or store LPG cylinders wi thin buildi ng unless all of the following conditions are fulfilled:

a. The eating outlet is located on or a bove g round level.

b. The eating outlet is naturally ventilated.

B3.0 ALLOWABLE QUANTITY

a. The maximum allowa ble q uantity of LPG shall be limited to 2 x 15kg cylinders (inc luding standby cylinder) per
food stall.

b. The total capacity for each eating o utlet shall not be more than 200kg.

B4.0 FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

B4.1 Compartmentation

a. The eating outlet shall be separate d by fire -resistant walls (1 -hr fire resisting rati ng for spri nkler -protected
buildi ng an d 2-h r for n on-sp rinkler-protecte d buildi ng) from other areas.

b. Stalls within food court or coffee shop shall be separated from each other with 1 -hr fire-resisting side -walls.

B4.2 Connection of LPG cylinders

Each cylinder shall be conn ected to cooking hob/stove with flexible hose. The LPG cylinders shall not be connected
togethe r with manifol d system.

B4.3 LPG cabinet

a. LPG cylinders shall be ho used in a 2.5mm thick steel cabinet. There shall be not more than 2 x 15kg cylinders in
each cabinet.

b. The cabinet shall b e plac ed directly on a firm floor.

c. The cabinet shall be ad eq uately ventilated with openings at the bottom of the cabinet.

d. The cabinet shall al ways be kept free of any combusti ble materi als.

B4.4 Gas leak detection system

a. Gas -leak detection system (see Cl.A2.3 of Annex 10. 1A ) shall be provided (be supplied directly from the buil ding
electrical power sup ply). Th e system shall be linked to shut off the LPG supply automatically and activate local alert
alarm. The g as -leak detecto r shall be locate d at low lev el and near to the po ssible l eak areas such as the connecting
hoses, LPG cylinder cabinet s, etc.

b. If kitchen automatic fire suppression system is provided, it shall also be linked to shut off the LPG supply
automatically.
11.1 GENERAL

This Chapter stipulat es req uireme nts relating to the certification of building materi als and equipm ent regulated by SCDF
unde r the Product Listing S cheme. These re qui rements include the acceptable test standards, certification schemes and
surveillance regi m es for th e se reg ulated fire safety products and materials (referred to as “products” for simplicity) (refer
to Table 11A ), as well as th e duties re quired of the vari ous parties involved i n the c ertification process. For the full list of
requ ireme nts, this Chapter shall be read in conjunction with the Fire Safety Act (FSA) and its subsidiary legislations, as
well as CT 12 of SAC’s “Crit eria fo r Product Ce rtification Bodies (Regulated Fire Saf ety Products)”.

Effective Date: Immediate

11.2 DEFINITIONS

11.2.1 Accredited certification body

“Accredited certification b od y” (CB) refe rs to a body corporate or corporati on incorporated or constituted under the law of
Singapo re, accredit ed un der the Singapo re Accreditation Council (SAC)’s certification body accreditation scheme
administere d by the Enterp ri se Singapo re Boa rd.

11.2.2 Accredited laboratory

“Accredited lab oratory” refers to a body corporate or corporati on providing laboratory testing services, which is accredited
unde r SAC’s laboratory accreditation scheme admi nistered by the Enterprise Singapore Board, or recognised under the
Internatio nal L abo rato ry Accreditatio n Co ope ratio n (ILAC) Mutual Recognition Agreement/ Arrangement bet ween
Singapo re a nd oth er count ri es.

11.2.3 Certificate of Conformity (CoC)

“Ce rtificate of Confo rmity” refers to a certificate issued by CBs for a regulat ed fire s afety product that meets product
testing standards an d certifi cation req uirem ents. These certified products shall be recorded i n a product directory on the
CB’s website for refe rence a nd verification of the CoCs’ validity.

11.2.4 Declaration of Compliance

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

“Decla ration of Complia nce” refers to a decla ratio n of information associated with or related to a batch of certified
regu lated fire safety product s. DoCs serve a similar purpose as serial labels, and are issued for non -discrete systems,
such as fire-rate d ceilings a nd fire -rate d floors. Refer to Table 11A for products that require DoCs.

11.2.5 Discrete system

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

“Discrete system” refers to a regul ated fire safety produc t on which it is physically practicable and/or effective to affix a
prod uct label for i dentificati on pu rposes. Such prod ucts include fire doors, landing valves, and fire extinguishers .

11.2.6 Local representative

“Local representative” refers to the Singapo re -re gistered agent/ partner appointed by a foreign CoC holder, in order for its
certified re gulate d fire safet y products to be supplied in Singapore.

11.2.7 Mutual Recognition Arrangement/Agreement (MRA)

“Mutual Recognitio n Arra nge ment” or “M utual Recognition Agreement” refers to the arrangements signed between SAC
and oth er inte rnati onal asse ssment bodies, which mutually recognise reports and certificates issued by an accredited
Confo rmity Assessment Body (CAB) as equivalent to their own accreditation requirements.

11.2.8 Non-discrete system

 Effective Date: 10 May 2019

“No n-discrete system” refers to a regul ated fire safety product on which it is not physically practicable or effective to affix
a pro duct label, for exampl e on walls, floors an d cables. Suppliers are instead issued with DoC certificates for these
prod ucts.

11.2.9 Product Listing Scheme (PLS)

“Prod uct listing scheme” refers to the third p arty certification scheme administered by SCDF for regul ated fire safety
prod ucts.

11.2.10 Scheme Type 1b (Scheme 1b)

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

“Scheme Type 1b” consists of type testing of a sample of a production. Every subsequent batch shall also be tested or
inspected. Refer to Ta ble 1 1 A for the test requirements.

11.2.11 Scheme Type 2 (Scheme 2)

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

“Scheme Type 2” consists of type testing of a sample during initial certification, and subsequent surveillance testing of
samples from the market (i.e ., wareho use, proj ect site, etc.) to check that items produced fulfil the specified
requ ireme nts.

11.2.12 Scheme Type 5 (Scheme 5)

Effective Date: 10 May 2019

“Scheme Type 5” consists of type testing and factory inspection during i nitial certification, and ongoing assessment of the
entire q uality manag ement system, including auditing the production process and management system. Surveillance
testing of the prod u ct is done either from the market or at the point of production, or both, to check that items produced
fulfil the specified req uireme nts.

11.2.13 Serial label

“Serial l abel ” refe rs to a certification label issued by CBs, with unique serial numbers. These are affixed to certifi ed
regu lated fire safety product s categorised as discrete systems, such as fire -rated doors and fire alarm panels. Such labels
allow traci ng of these produ cts to their corresp ondi ng CoC and the specific installation location of each product. Refer
to Table 11A for p ro ducts that requi re seri al lab els.

11.2.14 Surveillance window

"Surveillance wi ndo w”, also known as “surveill ance cycle”, refers to the period of 12, 36 or 60 months (depending on
prod uct category, as stipulated in Tabl e 11A ), starting the date that a CoC is issued in relation to a regulated fire safety
prod uct, and every subsequ ent peri od of 12, 3 6 or 60 months or shorter, if the CoC expires, or is terminated or withdrawn.
Products may be subject to post -certification testin g and/or inspections, based on the surveillance wi ndow.

11.2.15 Suspension of CoC

“Suspension of CoC” refe rs to the temporary invalid ation of a CoC by a CB under circ umstances not limited to the
followin g:

a. Non-compl iance to any co mponent of the surveil lance regime;

b. Products are suspected to not meet fire safety requi rements, but are still in the process of being tested/
investigated; and

c. CoC holde r breachin g the CB’s terms and conditions (including non -payment of fees).

11.2.16 Termination of CoC

“Termin ation of CoC” refe rs to the cancellation of a CoC, either on the request of the CoC holder before its expiry, or due
to reasons not related to fire safety. Examples of such circumstances include :

a. CoC ho lde r ceases to supply the prod uct due to business considerations (e.g., shutting down of
business/unde rgo es liquid ation); an d

b. CoC ho lde r fails to take adequ ate rectification measures within the given timeframe, despite being suspended for
a bre ach in the CB’s terms and conditio ns (including non -payment of fees).

11.2.17 Type testing

“Type testing”, also known a s prototype testing, refers to testing of a product accordi ng to the test standard(s) for that
prod uct for the app lication o f CoC, as specified in Table 11A .

11.2.18 Withdrawal of CoC

“Withd rawal of CoC” ref ers to the cancellation of a CoC by the CB under circumstances not limited to the followi ng:

a. Non-compl iance with th e requi rements of the Product Listing Scheme, including:

(1) reg ulate d fire safety pro d uct that is supplied to the i ndustry differs from the protot ype described in t he CoC
and lab oratory test repo rt;
(2) misuse of certification mark, logo an d certificates; and
(3) sup ply of prod ucts from a factory. which differs from the factory declared during t he CoC applicati on.

b. Failure to take a deq uate rectification measures within the given timeframe, despit e being suspended for a fire -
safety -related non -complian ce, or

c. Non-compliance th at indic ates failure of p roduction process to consistently produc e products of acceptable
quality, including

(1) fail ure o r ref usal of test/analysis of the product; an d

(2) the su rveillance regime i s not completed within the s urveillance window.

d. Other reaso ns relate d to fire safety.

11.3 ACCREDITATION AND CERTIFICATION

11.3.1 General

All regulat ed fire safety pro d ucts shall be certified and have valid CoCs before they can be used on/i n buil dings as part of
fire safety works in Singapo re (he nceforth, for the purpos e of this Chapter, “use in Singapore” shall be taken to mean
“on/in b uild i ngs as part of fire safety works in Singapore”).

11.3.2 Age of test reports for regulated fire safety products

Certification of regul ated fire safety products unde r the Product Listing Scheme shal l be based on test report(s) that were
issued within the specified ti meframes, as listed below.

Certification Scheme Age of Test Reports that can be

(with reference to Table 11A) Considered for Issuance of CoC

Scheme 1b Less than 5 years

Discrete systems Less than 5 years

Scheme 2
Non-discrete systems Less than 10 years
 Discrete systems Less than 5 years
Scheme 5
Non-discrete systems Less than 10 years

11.3.3 Validity of CoC for regulated fire safety product

a. A valid CoC is as defined unde r Part V of the FSA.

b. A CoC for re gulat ed fire s afety products is valid for 5 years from the date of issuance.

c. A CoC which is terminate d, expired o r with dra wn shal l be considered permanently invalid, whereas a CoC whi ch is
suspended sh all be conside red temporarily invalid till the suspension is lifted.

d. The status of the CoC will determin e wheth er the regulated fire safety products are permitted to be supplied and used
in Singap ore. Info rmation rel ating to the Co Cs, including the status, can be verified against CBs’ online di rectori es.

(1) For p ro ducts with valid CoCs at the date of delivery to the proj ect site, i.e. not suspended, terminated, expired
or withd ra wn, these are pe rmitted to be used in Singapore.

(2) For p ro ducts with CoCs that are not valid on the dat e of delivery to the project site, i.e. suspended, terminated,
expired or with dra wn, usag e of these prod ucts in Singapore is prohibited.

(3) Notwithstandin g (1 ), for prod ucts with CoCs that were valid on the date of del ivery, but are subsequently
withdrawn, usa ge of the affe cted batches of such produc ts in Singapore is subject to further assessment and
investigation by SCDF an d/o r the CBs .

(4) Notwithstandin g (1 ), for prod ucts with CoCs that were valid on the date of del ivery, but are subsequently
suspended fo r fire safety re asons, e.g. pendin g investigation, it is not recommended that such products be used, as
the investigation may show t hat the products are non -compliant and cannot be used (e.g. products that have been
installed will n eed to b e re pl aced/removed ).

(5) CBs shall not allo w the terminatio n of a CoC which i s suspended for fire safety reasons, or which is under
investigation by SCDF.

11.3.4 Accreditation requirements

a. Regul ated fire safety prod ucts used in fire safety works shall be certified by a local certification body accredited by
SAC.

b. Regul ated fire safety prod ucts shall be accompanied by test reports from testing laborat ories accredit ed by SAC or
recognise d by SAC via the Intern ational Lab orato ry Accreditation Cooperation (ILA C) MRA.

c. Any new CB participating in the PLS shall notify SCDF, in writing, of its accreditation by SAC, and submit its Certificate
of Accreditation and Sched u le issued by SAC for SCDF’s record. SCDF may request for additional informati on from the
CB.

11.3.5 Certification requirements

a. General re qui rements

CoCs issued for p rod ucts intende d for use in Sing apore shall bear SAC’s accreditation mark.

b. Information submitted fo r new CoC ap plications

The followi ng info rmation, at minimum, shall be submitted to a CB for applicati on of a CoC. Where the
informatio n/documents are n ot provide d in English, an of ficial English translation, endorsed by a Notary Public, shall also
be provided:

(1) Co C app licant details, including:

(a) Uni que Entity Numbe r (UEN) issued by the Accounting and Corporate Regulat ory Authority (ACRA), or
foreig n equival ent, whe re a p plicable;
 (b) Full nam es of the company directors, or equivalent;

(c) Name, add ress, contact number a nd email address of the company;

(d) Whe re the a pplica nt is a foreig n company, the detai ls of the appointed local representative, for parts (1)(a)
throu gh (1 )(c) shal l also be i ncluded; a nd

(e) Proof of pa rtne rship b etween th e local representative and foreign CoC holder.

(2) Manufactu rer’s det ails, for all of the manuf acturing plants of components of the regulated fire safety product
affecting fire safety, including:

(a) Co untry, name, ad dres s, contact number and email address of the manufacturer.

(3) Ce rtification scheme de tails, including:

(a) Prod uct category as classified under Table 11A ; and

(b) Ce rtification scheme, according to Cl 11.2.10 – 11.2.12.

(4) Prod uct details, includi ng:

(a) Bran d and mo del, as de termined by the manufacturer;

(b) De nsity and weig ht, wh ere a pplicabl e, measured in kg/m3 and kg, respectively;

(c) Dimensions, whe re ap pl icable, measured in mm; and

(d) Latest product catalogu e stipulating the specifications and user instructions.

(5) Detai ls of type tests, including:

(a) The reference numb er of the test report;

(b) Test standards (i ncludi ng version of the test standard, i.e. year) which the product is tested to;

(c) Description of the p rod uct component and manner of test, where applicable (e. g. tested with the core face
exposed to heat );

(d) Outcome of the test, in terms of fire performance (e.g. 60 -min integrity), where applicable;

(e) Insulation test results, whe re ap plicable; and

(f) Integrity test results, where applica ble.

c. Documents submitted for new CoC ap plications - The following documents shall al so be submitted for CoC applications:

(1) Test repo rts, including the full type test reports and other test(s) required by the CB (e.g. materi al tests), which
shall be:

(a) In full colou r; and

(b) Bear th e bra nd a nd mo del of the re gulat ed fire safety product.

(2) For e ach test repo rt, the credenti als of the accredit ed laboratory which issued the test report, including:

(a) Docume ntation that the test laboratory is accredited by SAC or recognised by SAC via ILAC MRA and

(b) The accre ditation scop e indicating the test laboratory is accredited to perform such a test.
d. Information a nd docume nts submitted for rene wal of CoC.

CoC h olde rs shall submit the informatio n stipulated i n Cl 11.3.5b.(1) and (2) and provide the date of issue of the
very first CoC that had be en issued for the product (i.e. “Origi nal date of issue”). The CB shall make an assessment
on whet her th ere is a ne ed t o submit information stipul ated in Cl 11. 3.5b.(3) – (5), as well as documents stipulated in
Cl 11.3.5c.(1 ) and (2). CB m ay requi re submission of any further information/documents as it deems fit.

11.4 REQUIREMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR CERTIFICATION BODIES

11.4.1 Display of CoC information on CoCs and CB directories

a. Information displ ayed on CoC

(1) In additi on to the info rmation stipulated in Cl.11.3. 5b. , the CoC shall display the following information:

(a) Co C refe rence n umbe r;

(b) Date of issue for the present CoC (i.e. date of the l atest renewal of the CoC);

(c) Date of expiry for the p resent Co C;

(d) In the case of revisions made to a CoC, a summary of the key changes shall be reflected in the appendix
of the CoC; an d

(e) In the case of ren ewe d CoCs, the reference number of the CoC immediat ely prior to the present one (i.e.
“Previous Co C numb er”) sha ll be indicated on the new CoC, in brackets under the new number.

(2) Notwithstandin g Cl.11.4 .1a.(1) , the foll owi ng information shall not be displayed on the CoC:

(a) Full nam es of the company directors, or equivalent, of the CoC hol der and l ocal representative;

(b) Co ntact number and em ail add ress of the CoC holder and local representative;

(c) Proof of partn ership b et ween th e local representative and foreign CoC holder;

(d) Manufactu rer’s nam e, address, contact number and email address; and

(e) Latest product catalogu e stipulating the specifications and user instructions.

b. Information displ ayed on CB online d irectory

(1) The foll owin g informati on rel ating to all CoCs that have been issued and are still valid; and CoCs which were
terminate d, withdrawn or wh ich expired in th e past 5 years, shall be displayed on the CBs’ online directories that are
accessible by the gen eral pu blic:

(a) Co C refe rence n umbe r;

(b) The reference numb er of the CoC immedi ately prior to the present one (i.e. “Previous CoC number”);

(c) Date of issue for the present CoC (date of the lat est renewal of the CoC);

(d) Date of expi ry for the p resent Co C;

(e) Co C hol der d etails, including:

(i) Accounting an d Co rpo rat e Regu latory Authority (ACRA) Company Unique Entity Number (UEN), or
foreig n equival ent, whe re a p plicable;

(ii) Comp any name a nd ad d ress; and

 (iii) Whe re the applica nt is a foreig n company, the detai ls of the appointed local representative, for parts
(i) an d (ii ) shall also be incl uded.

(f) Country of manuf acture ;

(g) Prod uct category;

(h) Ce rtification scheme, according to Cl.11.2.10 – Cl. 11.2.12;

(i) Brand an d model, as d etermine d by the manufacturer;

(j) Product description as printed o n the CoC;

(k) Test reference n umbe r(s), as printed on the CoC;

(l) Test standard (incl. year) the pro duct is tested to; and

(m) Prod uct’s fire perform an ce (e.g. 60 min integrity and 60 min insulation), where applicable; and

(n) The p resent status of CoCs certified by CBs shall be published on CBs’ onli ne directories, with the
followin g inform ation:

(i) The statuses shall refle ct one of the following classifications: “valid”; “suspended (fire safety
reasons)” (e. g., non -compl etion of surveillance regime); “suspended (not fire safety reasons)” (e.g., non -
payment of fees); “termin ate d”; “expi red” or “ withdrawn”;

(ii) the effective date of the present status shall be indi cated; and

(iii) any chan ges in status of CoCs shall be updated within 5 working days.

(2) The o nline directo ries shall be accessible at all times; in the event of downtime such as server error, the CB
shall write to SCDF a nd SAC within 2 4 hou rs, to

(a) Notify the auth orities of the downtime; and

(b) Detai l the actions bein g taken to rectify the issue.

11.4.2 Renewal of CoCs

The followi ng requi reme nts apply for the rene wal of a CoC:

a. Prior to expiry of the Co C, a recertification review shall be conducted before CB can renew the CoC.

b. The ren ewe d Co C is valid for 5 years, commencing the day after the expi ry date of the previous CoC. For
illustration, a CoC with expi ry date on 15 Oct 2020, when renewed, would have a new issue date of 16 Oct 2020, and
an expiry date of 1 5 Oct 202 5.

11.4.3 Transfer of CoCs between CBs

a. Transfer of Co C between CBs is only allowed for CoCs that are still valid. Valid CoCs are those that are not expired,
withdrawn, te rminated or su spende d.

b. In addition to the req uire ments in Cl.11.3.5, subject to Cl.11.4.3c. , the followi ng documents shall be submitte d to the
new CB:

(1) Present Co C;
(2) Decla ratio n from the Co C hold er that the current CoC is valid;
(3) Signed declaration fro m the previous CB that there are no outstandi ng issues that require rectification
(e.g., failed/ missed surveill ance tests, pending investigations by SCDF, etc.);
(4) Type test reports;
(5) Additional test re ports (if applicabl e); and
 (6) All records of surveillance regime rep orts for testing and inspections that have been completed for the
currently valid CoC.

Note: Items (3) and (6) sha ll be provid ed di rectly from one CB to another.

c. For transfer of CoCs, type test reports submitted as stipulated i n Cl 11.4. 3b. can be the same test report that was
submitted when applyin g for the present CoC, unl ess otherwise di rected by the CB.

d. For transfer of CoCs, the new CB may permit Co Cs previously certified to Scheme 5 to be changed to Scheme 1b,
provide d the surveill ance re gime req uirements (i.e., surveillance tests over multiple years and current surveill ance
windo w) h ave bee n fulfille d.

e. If the surveillance regim e for that surveillance window has not been completed, transfer of CoCs are not allowed:

(1) Withi n the final 6 mo nths of a surveillance window, or

(2) If there is at least 6 months left to the end of the surveillance window, but the new CB determines there is
insufficient time to complete the surveillance regime prior to the lapse of the surveill ance window.

f. Once the intention to tra n sfer CoC has b een in dicated to the current CB, the said CB shall stop issuing labels or DoCs
for the product.

g. The validity of the transfe rre d CoC sha ll be limited to the remai ning lifespan of the recently -valid CoC.

h. The new CB with which th e CoC is held sh all comply with the following, in addition to the certification requirements as
stipulated in Cl 1 1.3.5:

(1) The new CB sha ll ensure the b ra nd, model, manufacturing site and test standards of the regul ated
fire safety product is the same as that of the previous CoC; and
(2) The surveillance windo w for the transferred CoC shall be determined wi th reference to the CoC’s
origi nal issue date.

11.4.4 Certification of regulated fire safety products with multiple CBs

a. Where a Co C hold er wish es to list their product with multiple CBs, the applicant shall declare the status of certification
held with th e prese nt CB(s), for verification by the new CB.

b. For re gulate d fire safety products with existing valid CoC(s) wit h other CB(s), appli cation for a CoC from a new CB
shall be treat ed as a ne w ap plication, and comply with requirements in Cl 11.3.5. The existence of CoCs for the same
prod ucts (valid or othe rwise ) issued by other CBs does not change how the new CB should certify the product, similar to
how it wo uld certify any new regul ated fire safety produc t.

c. The results from surveillance tests conducted by a CB shall not be used by another CB to fulfil the surveillance regime
requ ireme nts for the same p roduct. However, the same surveillance test results may be used by anot her CB to fulfil the
surveillance r egime requi re ments for the same prod uct, provided all of the following minimum requi rements are complied
with:

(1) The surveill ance test is conducted within the surveil lance window for all the CoCs the test is intended to fulfil ;

(2) The p rod uct manufacturer, composition, fire seal, design and fire rating are i dent ical;

(3) Each of the CBs which had issued a Co C for the product -

(a) are ag ree able to the te rms and methodol ogy of the sampling, including the choi ce of sample and test
labo ratory, sampling l ocatio n, sampling methodology; and

(b) witness the sampling of the prod uct, and ensure the chain -of-custody when delivering the product to the
test laborato ry.

11.4.5 Conduct of surveillance regime

a. The CB shall remin d the CoC h olde rs to complete their surveillance tests, if yet to be completed, 6 months and 3
months prio r to the end of th e surveillance wi ndo w.

b. Where sampling is req uired, the CB shall select the sample for the surveillance test/inspection.

c. The CB shall take all reasonabl e measures to ensure t he chain -of-custody of samples meant for surveillance testing.
This may include, but not limited to, signing on the sam ple, ensuri ng it cannot be tampered with, and verifying the sample
has reache d th e test laborat ory.

d. The CB shall immediately suspend the Co C if the nec essary surveillance tests/ inspections are not completed within the
surveillance wi ndo w.

e. Surveillance tests are onl y considered to be compl eted after the CB has received the surveillance test report, indicating
a ‘pass’ result, or a result m eeting the i ntend ed pe rform ance of the product, as stated in the CoC, from an accredited test
labo rat ory. Co C hold ers are thus advised not to wait till the last minute to arrange for their surveillance tests.

f. For avoidance of do ubt, where su rveillance tests are requi red in Table 11A , the first surveillance window commences
from the date of issue of the CoC. Test repo rts submitted for the CoC application do not exempt the product from having
to unde rgo surveil lance testing for the first win dow.

Note: The ab ove table is ap plicable for pro ducts with 1 -year surveillance windows. For products with multiple -year
windo ws, this would ap ply to the final year of the surveill ance window.
g. In the case of CoC hold ers who are sole p ro priet ors, the CB shall verify against the annual submission of ACRA
records p rovide d by the CoC holde r to ensure that the business licence is renewed. I n the event the licence is not
rene we d, the CoC shal l be s uspend ed.

11.5 REQUIREMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR COC HOLDERS AND LOCAL

REPRESENTATIVES

11.5.1 Application for a CoC

a. The party that inten ds to own the CoC, wh ethe r local or foreign, shall submit the application for the CoC.

b. Foreig n compani es that intend to apply for a CoC to s upply regulated fire safety products in Singapore, shall engage a
local rep resentative, prior to submitting the application for a CoC .

11.5.2 Duty to notify CB

a. CoC ho lde rs, and, whe re applicabl e, local re presentatives, shall inform CBs of any other changes (e.g., CoC holder/
local rep resentative contact informatio n), wh ere th e information differs from that submitted during the CoC application.

b. CoC ho lde rs and local rep resentatives shall inform CB s of any changes to the product from the prototype that was
tested when a pplying fo r the CoC.

11.5.3 Duties related to the surveillance regime

CoC h olde rs/ local rep resent atives shall carry out the following i n rel ation to the surv eillance regime :

a. Facilitate the conduct of factory inspections and surveillance tests (as stipulated in Table 11A), or unscheduled
tests required by SCDF or th e CB to verify conformity of the products;

b. Make arra ngeme nts with the CB on the d ate/ time of sampling and inspection; and

c. Provide the necessary support fo r the pu rpose of the surveillance regime (e.g., fabricating door frame for fire test
involving fire -rate d do ors, ensure avail ability of samples, provide the relevant inform ation such as location of the
relevant samples, a s req ues ted by the CB) .

11.5.4 Duties related to serial labels and DoCs

With reference to Re gulati on 10(2 )(g ) of the Fire Safety (Regul ated Fire Safety Products) Regulations 2020, locati on
refers to the exact add ress, including unit number, where applicable, where the regulated fire safety product is
installed.

11.6 FIRE SAFETY SERIAL LABELS AND DECLARATIONS OF COMPLIANCE

11.6.1 Management of serial labels and DoCs

a. With reference to Re gulat ion 6(2)(b) of the Fi re Safety (Regulated Fi re Safety Products) Regulations 2020,
documenta ry evidence of th e location may include the P urchase Order, Delivery Order, SCDF Notice of Approval , and/ or
contractual ag reem ent indic a ting that the certified regul ated fire safety product is or will be installed at the specific
location.

b. With reference to Re gulat ion 6(2)(b) of the Fi re Safety (Regulated Fi re Safety Products) Regulations 2020, the exact
address of where each prod uct is installed, including uni t number, where applicable, shall be recorded .
c. For regul ated fire safety p roducts that are to b e issued with DoCs as stipulated in Table 11A, every project where that
regu lated fire safety product is installed shall be issued with a DoC, even if the thres hold for site inspection stated
in Table 1 1A is not met .

11.6.2 Replacement of serial labels and DoCs

In the event that the serial l abels are missing or damaged, a police report shall be l odged before replacement labels can
be obtai ned from the CBs. A copy of this report shall be furnished to the CB, when requesting for repl acement of l abels.
An investigat ion by the CB shall also be con ducted on the nature of the damage and/or loss, with the findings reported to
SCDF for accounta bility.

Exemption: If labels are retu rned to th e CB with the seri al numbers still legibl e, a poli ce report is not requi red.

11.6.3 Traceability of certified PLS -listed products

a. Serial lab els affixed to re gulated fi re safety prod ucts shall be water -proof and tam per -proof, and shall i nclude a Quick
Response (QR) cod e that stores the follo wing i nformation on an online database, which can be read by scanning the QR
code:

(1) CoC holder comp any name;

(2) CoC holder ACRA UEN;

(3) CoC refere nce nu mber;

(4) Brief prod uct description;

(5) Exact location, including un it number, where applicabl e, where the regulated fire safety product is
installed; and

(6) The status of the label (“valid ” or “voi d”)

Note: The status of the label will be ‘void’ if SCDF detect s discrepancies relating to the use of serial labels and
digitally voided th e serial la bel.

b. Serial lab els for the follo wing p rod ucts are exempt from the need to have a QR code:

(1) Exit sign;

(2) Emergency lightin g (self -contai ned );

(3) Fire hose reel;

(4) Standby fire hose;

(5) Door closer;

(6) Portable fire extinguisher;

(7) Landing valve; an d

(8) Breeching inl et.

c. The following info rmatio n shall be pri nted o n the label itself:

(1) Product category;

(2) Unique serial n umber;

(3) CB’s logo or CB’s certification mark; and

 (4) Fire rating, whe re applicabl e.

11.7 REQUIREMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR QUALIFIED PERSONS

11.7.1 Duty to inspect regulated fire safety products used in fire safety works

With reference to Section 57 (5) of the FSA, whe re fire safety works involve the use of regul ated fire safety produc ts,
Qualified Pe rsons shall carry out inspections of the fire safety products, including but not limited to, the following:

a. Verify that the regul ated f ire safety prod uct(s) have valid CoC(s) and that the CoC(s) match exactly with the products
used;

b. Verify that the regul ated f ire safety prod uct(s) are affi xed with serial labels, or issued with DoCs, if said products are
stipulated to have la bels or DoCs issued in Tabl e 11A; and

c. Where there are serial la b els or DoCs, verify that the serial label affixed on the product, or the DoC issued for the
prod uct, are accurate a nd m atch exactly with the product .

11.8 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIFIC PRODUCTS

In addition to th e aforementi oned req uirem ents this chapter, the followi ng requi rements apply to these specific regulated
fire safety products.

11.8.1 Composite panel s

a. For composite pan els used as cladding, samples of composite panels, except for honeycomb panels, shall be taken
from every proj ect site for surveilla nce testing, as stated in Table 11A . If there is no testing from project sites for the
surveillance wi ndo w, the surveillance test is to be conducted annually.

Note: For h oneycomb pa nels , the requi rement fo r testing of samples from project sites as part of the surveillance regime
will be introduce d at a later stage.

b. For composite pan els used as cladding o r ro ofing, CoC holders shall ensure that critical product information i s printed
on the composite pa nels, as well as their p rotective film, for traceability. The printing shall be legible, permanent and
conspicuous ly located, such that the informatio n is readable on each panel. The criti cal product information shall , at
minimum, include:

1. Product bra nd an d model ;

2. CoC refere nce numb er ;
3. Fire pe rforma nce; an d
4. Date of manufacture.

11.8.2 Fire-rated doors

a. Requi reme nts for CoC

(1) Th e brand, mod el and te st report numb er of hardware shall be displayed on the CoC, includi ng, but not limited to:

(a) Doo r closer;

(b) L ocks and latches (electromechanically operated) ;
(c) Doo r coordinato r devices ;
(d) Doo r bolts ;
(e) L ever ha ndl es and knots ;
(f) Mechanical locks and latches ;
(g) Emergency exit devices ;
(h) Panic exit devices ;
(i) Singl e axis hinges ;
(j) Electrically powere d doo r hold -ope n devices ;
(k) Cylinde rs for locks; an d
(l) Mechatronic cylinders.

(2) Fi re-rate d doo rs of different fire -ratin gs shall be issued with separate CoCs (i.e., one CoC for each fire -rating),
unless all of the followi ng re quirements can be met:
 (a) the pro duct manufacture r is identical ;
(b) the comp osition (e.g., co nstruction materials ) is ident ical ;
(c) the fire seal (e.g., intumescent seal) is identical ;
(d) the design (e.g., vision panel ) is identical ;
(e) the thickness is at least as thick as the prototype test sample; an d
(f) the CB assesses that listing the products together does not compromise the assessment of whether each
prod uct is compliant.

For example, if a ½ -h r and 1 -hr d oor are b oth manuf actured by the same manufacturer, are of identical compositi on,
fire seal, design, etc. these may be listed together, subj ect to the CB’s assessment that grouping the models does
not compromise the assessm ent of whethe r each is compliant. However, if the 2 -hr model is of a different
composition, the 2 -h r do or should b e listed with a separate CoC.

b. Requi reme nts for door clo sers

(1) All do or closers (rega rdl ess if concealed, surface -m ounted or floor-mounted) shall have thei r own CoCs.

(2) Th e doo r closer specifications and Co C number/ CoC holder company name shall be included in the appendix for
that relate d fire do or.

(3) Th e 6-digit codin g system indicating the perform ance of the door closer, as stipulated in EN 1154, shall be
imprinted on the d oor closer .

(4) Th e followi ng statement shall be includ ed in the appendix of the CoC:

“For surface -mou nted do or c losers, the selected door closer shall meet the performance requirements needed
for the resp ective fire -rated door, in accordance with SS 332 Cl 6 Annex C.

Surface-mou nted d oor close rs tested with uninsulated fire -rated doors can be install ed on insulated or
uninsulate d fire -rat ed do ors (subject to the maximum fire -rating attained by the door closer in a fire test).
Surface-mou nted d oor close rs tested with in sulated fire-rated doors can only be installed on insulated fi re -rated
doors.

Floor -mounte d do or closers (floor sp ring ) shall only be i nstalled on fire -rated doors, subject to the maximum
fire-rating attai ned by the flo or sprin g in a fire test.”

c. Clustering of surveilla nce test

The surveilla nce test result for on e CoC fo r a fire -rated door shall not be used to fulfi l the surveillance test requirements
of anothe r Co C issued by the same CB, unless all of the following requirements are complied with:

(1) Th e surveillance test is conducted within the surveil lance window for all the CoCs the test is intended to fulfil;

(2) Th e product manufacture r, composition, fire seal, des ign and fi re rati ng of the products are identical;

(3) W here the surveilla nce test is meant to fulfil the surveillance requi rements of products with different fire -ratings,
the test shall meet the testing req uirem ents of the product with the highest fire rati ng; and

(4) Th e CB assesses that the sharin g of surveillance tes ts results does not compromise the assessment of whether
each pro duct is compliant.

TABLE 11A : LIST OF REGULATED FIRE SAFETY PRODUCTS & MATERIALS

Effective Date: 1 September 2023

Surveillance Regime
Products / Certification
S/N Acceptable Standards Factory/Site
Materials Scheme Testing
Inspection
1. Fire alarm panel (a) EN 54-2 Scheme 5 Scheme 5 – Scheme 5 –
and (Labels issued) Testing for every 200 labels issued Factory inspection to
(b) EN 54-4 or be conducted at least
At least once annually, if fewer than 200 labels issued once annually
and Testing clauses shall include: and
(c) SS 645 Critical electrical (frequency, voltage) input and Site inspection(s)
output; verify design deviation; verify functionality; triggered by
verify visual & audio indicators) certification body (10)
 Surveillance Regime
Products / Certification
S/N Acceptable Standards Factory/Site
Materials Scheme Testing
Inspection
Scheme 1b Scheme 1b – Scheme 1b -
(Labels issued) Batch testing Batch inspection (11)
Testing clauses shall include: and
Critical electrical (frequency, voltage) input and Site inspection
output; verify design deviation; verify functionality; triggered by
verify visual & audio indicators) certification body for
each batch (10)

2. Home fire alarm (a) EN 14604 Scheme 2 Annual surveillance test for products complying Not applicable
device (i.e. smoke or with Cl.6.3.6a.(9)(a)
detector) (7) AS 3786 Not applicable for products complying
(Refer to Cl.6.3.6 for or with Cl.6.3.6a.(9)(b)-(e)
more information) UL 217

3. Fire pump (a) AS 2941 Scheme 5 AS – Annual testing Factory inspection to

or (Labels issued) FM/UL – Annual submission of reports shall include be conducted at least
UL 448 surveillance inspection and/or testing once annually
or and
FM 1311 Site inspection(s)
or triggered by
FM 1319 certification body (10)

4. Fire-rated partition (9) 4.1 Compartment wall: Scheme 5 Annual surveillance test shall only require material Factory inspection to
(a) BS 476-22 / ASTM E119 with material (DoCs issued) testing, and adopt the same test standards that were be conducted at least
testing in accordance with BS 476-4/ BS 476- adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC once annually
11/ EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) listing and
or Site inspection to be
EN 1364-1/ ISO 834-8 with material testing in conducted for every
accordance with EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) 3500m2
or
AS 1530-4 with material testing in accordance
with
(i) BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN 13501-1 (min.
class A2)
or
(ii) EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) if fire
resistance test is using plate-thermocouple
(b) In the case of Engineered Timber, refer to
S/N 37
4.2 Protected shaft enclosing lift (1): Scheme 5 Annual surveillance test shall only require material Factory inspection to
(a) BS 476-22/ ASTM E119 with material (DoCs issued) testing, and adopt the same test standards that were be conducted at least
testing in accordance with BS 476-4/ BS 476- adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC once annually
11/ EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) listing and
or Site inspection to be
conducted for every
EN 1364-1/ ISO 834-8 with material testing in 3500m2
accordance with EN 13501-1 (min. class A2)
or
AS 1530-4 with material testing in accordance
with
(i) BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN 13501-1 (min.
class A2)
or
(ii) EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) if fire
resistance test is using plate-thermocouple
and
(b) BS 5234-2

and
(c) BS EN 520 (for gypsum plaster board)
and
(d) ISO 1896 (for calcium silicate or cement
board)
and
(e) Cyclic loading & dynamic test as specified
under Cl.3.8.7b.(5)
4.3 Protected shaft enclosing staircase or Scheme 5 Annual surveillance test shall only require material Factory inspection to
services: (DoCs issued) testing, and adopt the same test standards that were be conducted at least
(a) BS 476-22/ ASTM E119 with material adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC once annually
testing in accordance with BS 476-4/ BS 476- listing and
11/ EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) Site inspection to be
or conducted for every
3500m2
EN 1364-1/ ISO 834-8 with material testing in
accordance with EN 13501-1 (min. class A2)
or
AS 1530-4 with material testing in accordance
with
(i) BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN 13501-1 (min.
class A2)
or
 Surveillance Regime
Products / Certification
S/N Acceptable Standards Factory/Site
Materials Scheme Testing
Inspection
(ii) EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) if fire
resistance test is using plate-thermocouple

and
(b) BS 5234-2
and
(c) EN 520 (for gypsum plaster board)
and
(d) ISO 1896 (for calcium silicate or cement
board)
5. Fire-rated floor (9) (a) BS 476-21 with material testing in Scheme 5 Annual surveillance test shall only require material Factory inspection to
accordance with BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN (DoCs issued) testing, and adopt the same test standards that were be conducted at least
13501-1 (min. class A2fl) adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC once annually
or listing and
ISO 834-5 with material testing in accordance Site inspection to be
with EN 13501-1 (min. class A2fl) conducted for every
or 3500m2
AS 1530-4 with material testing in accordance
with
(i) BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN 13501-1 (min.
class A2fl)
or
(ii) EN 13501-1 (min. class A2fl) if fire
resistance test is using plate-thermocouple
(b) In the case of Engineered Timber, refer to
S/N 37

6. Fire-rated ceiling (1) (9) 6.1 Compartmentation: Scheme 5 Annual surveillance test shall only require material Factory inspection to
(a) BS 476-22/ ASTM E119 with material (DoCs issued) testing, and adopt the same test standards that were be conducted at least
testing in accordance with BS 476-4/ BS 476- adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC once annually
11/ EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) listing and
or Site inspection to be
EN 1364-2/ ISO 834-9 with material testing in conducted for every
accordance with EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) 3500m2
or
AS 1530-4 with material testing in accordance
with
(i) BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN 13501-1 (min.
class A2)
or
ii) EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) if fire resistance
test is using plate-thermocouple
(b) In the case of Engineered Timber, refer to
S/N 37
6.2 Protection to steel beams that support RC Scheme 5 Annual surveillance test shall only require material Factory inspection to
floor: (DoCs issued) testing, and adopt the same test standards that were be conducted at least
(a) BS 476-23 with material testing in adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC once annually
accordance with BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN listing and
13501-1 (min. class A2) Site inspection to be
or conducted for every
ISO 834-5 with material testing in accordance 3500m2
with EN 13501-1 (min. class A2)
or
AS 1530-4 with material testing in accordance
with
(i) BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN 13501-1 (min.
class A2)
or
(ii) EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) if fire
resistance test is using plate-thermocouple
6.3 Protection to timber/ steel flooring: Scheme 5 Annual surveillance test shall only require material Factory inspection to
(a) BS 476-21 with material testing in (DoCs issued) testing, and adopt the same test standards that were be conducted at least
accordance with BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC once annually
13501-1 (min. class A2) listing and
or Site inspection to be
ISO 834-5 with material testing in accordance conducted for every
with EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) 3500m2
or
AS 1530-4 with material testing in accordance
with
(i) BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN 13501-1 (min.
class A2)
or
(ii) EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) if fire
resistance test is using plate-thermocouple
7. Fire-rated 7.1. Protection to steel structure (2): Scheme 5 Annual surveillance test shall only require material Factory inspection to
enclosure/ spraying (a) EN 13381-4 with material testing in (DoCs issued) testing, and adopt the same test standards that were be conducted at least
material (1) (9)
accordance with EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC once annually
or listing and
BS 476-21 with material testing in accordance Site inspection to be
with BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN 13501-1 (min. conducted for every
class A2) 3500m2

or
ISO 834-6 & ISO 834-7 with material testing in
accordance with EN 13501-1 (min. class A2)
or
AS 1530-4 with material testing in accordance
with
 Surveillance Regime
Products / Certification
S/N Acceptable Standards Factory/Site
Materials Scheme Testing
Inspection
(i) BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN 13501-1 (min.
class A2)
or
(ii) EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) if fire
resistance test is using plate-thermocouple
and
(b) BS 5234-2
and
(c) EN 520 (for gypsum plaster board)
and
(d) ISO 1896 (for calcium silicate or cement
boar)

7.2 Protection to firefighting system (3) (i.e. Dry Scheme 5 Annual surveillance test shall only require material Factory inspection to
riser pipe, etc.): (DoCs issued) testing, and adopt the same test standards that were be conducted at least
(a) FSB/PSB/001 with material testing in adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC once annually
accordance with BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN listing and
13501-1 (min. class A2) Site inspection to be
or conducted for every
AS 1530-4 (Including Pipe insulation criteria 3500m2
on fire side, 500mm from wall, shall not
exceed 75⁰C above the initial temperature)
with material testing in accordance with
(i) BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN 13501-1 (min.
class A2)
or
(ii) EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) if fire
resistance test is using plate-thermocouple
7.3 Protection to building service (i.e. cables, Scheme 5 Annual surveillance test shall only require material Factory inspection to
sanitary pipes, chilled water pipes, etc.): (DoCs issued) testing, and adopt the same test standards that were be conducted at least
(a) BS 476-20 with material testing in adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC once annually
accordance with BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN listing and
13501-1 (min. class A2) Site inspection to be
or conducted for every
AS 1530-4 with material testing in accordance 3500m2
with
(i) BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN 13501-1 (min.
class A2)
or
(ii) EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) if fire
resistance test is using plate-thermocouple
or
ASTM E119 with material testing in
accordance with BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN
13501-1 (min. class A2)
or
ISO 834-1 with material testing in accordance
with EN 13501-1 (min. class A2)
8. Smoke 8.1 For smoke curtain: Scheme 1b Annual surveillance test shall only require material Batch inspection (11)
curtain/barrier (9) EN 12101-1 with material testing in (Labels issued) testing, and adopt the same test standards that were and
accordance with EN 13501-1 (min. class B) adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC Site inspection
listing triggered by
certification body for
each batch (10)

8.2 For smoke barrier: Scheme 5 Annual surveillance test shall only require material Factory inspection to
EN 12101-1 with material testing in (DoCs issued) testing, and adopt the same test standards that were be conducted at least
accordance with EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC once annually
listing and
Site inspection to be
conducted for every
3500m2
9. Fire-rated (a) BS 476-24 with material testing in Scheme 5 Annual surveillance test shall only require material Factory inspection to
duct system (4) (9) accordance with BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN (DoCs issued) testing, and adopt the same test standards that were be conducted at least
(i.e. ventilation, 13501-1 (min. class A2) adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC once annually
smoke extract or listing and
and/or kitchen AS 1530-4 with material testing in accordance Site inspection to be
exhaust with conducted for every
ducting system) (i) BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN 13501-1 (min. 3500m2
class A2)
or
(ii) EN 13501-1 (min. class A2) if fire
resistance test is using plate-thermocouple
or
EN 1366-1 with material testing in accordance
with EN 13501-1 (min. class A2)
or
EN 1366-8 with material testing in accordance
with EN 13501-1 (min. class A2)
or
EN 1366-9 with material testing in accordance
with EN 13501-1 (min. class A2)
10. Fire extinguishing UL 300 Scheme 5 Annual submission of reports shall include Factory inspection to
system for kitchen (Labels issued) surveillance inspection and/or testing be conducted at least
hood once annually
and
Site inspection(s)
triggered by
certification body (10)
 Surveillance Regime
Products / Certification
S/N Acceptable Standards Factory/Site
Materials Scheme Testing
Inspection
11. Fire stopping For penetration gaps and linear joints: Scheme 5 Not applicable Factory inspection to
material (including (a) BS 476-20 (DoCs issued) be conducted at least
fire-rated collar) or once annually
AS 1530-4 and
or Site inspection to be
EN 1366-3 conducted for every
or 1000 openings or
EN 1366-4 1000 metre run, or at
or least once a year if
ASTM E814 lesser
For curtain wall application:
ASTM E2307
12. Fire-rated glass (a) BS 476-22 Scheme 5 Not applicable for glass block Factory inspection to
block/ glass partition or (DoCs issued) Fire-rated glass partition – Impact tests once every 3 be conducted at least
EN 1364-1 years once annually
or and
AS 1530-4 Site inspection to be
or conducted for every
ASTM E119 project
or
ISO 834-8
and
(b) AS 2208
or
EN12600
13. Exit sign 13.1 Exit sign (powered electrically): Scheme 5 Scheme 5 – Scheme 5 –
(a) IEC 60598-2-22 (Labels issued) Testing for every 2000 labels Factory inspection to
and or be conducted at least
(b) SS 563-1 or ISO 30061 At least once annually, if fewer than 2000 labels once annually
and and
(c) SS 563-2 Site inspection(s)
triggered by
certification body (10)

Scheme 1b Scheme 1b – Scheme 1b –

(Labels issued) Batch testing Batch inspection (11)
and and
Full tests over 3 years Site inspection
triggered by
certification body for
each batch (10)
13.2 Self-luminous sign (powered by Scheme 5 Scheme 5 – Scheme 5 –
radioactive material) (Labels issued) Testing for every 2000 labels Factory inspection to
(a) UL 924 or be conducted at least
and At least once annually, if fewer than 2000 labels once annually
(b) SS 508-1 or ISO 3864-1 and
and Site inspection(s)
(c) SS 508-2 or ISO 3864-2 triggered by
and certification body (10)
(d) SS 508-3 or ISO 3864-3 Scheme 1b Scheme 1b – Scheme 1b –
and (Labels issued) Batch testing Batch inspection (11)
(e) SS 508-5 or ISO 7010 and and
and Full tests over 3 years Site inspection
(f) SS 563-1 or ISO 30061 (Clause 10.5 of SS triggered
563-1 shall be complied with for determination by certification body
of the viewing distance with distance factor (Z) for each batch (10)
fixed at 50)
and
(g) SS 563-2 (Annex C)
14. Emergency (a) IEC 60598-2-22 Scheme 5 Scheme 5 – Scheme 5 –
lighting (self- and (Labels issued) Testing for every 2000 labels Factory inspection to
contained) (b) SS 563-1 or ISO 30061 or be conducted at least
and At least once annually, if fewer than 2000 labels once annually
(c) SS 563-2 and
Site inspection(s)
triggered by
certification body (10)

Scheme 1b Scheme 1b – Scheme 1b –

(Labels issued) Batch testing Batch inspection (11)
and and
Full tests over 3 years Site inspection
triggered by
certification body for
each batch (10)
15. Battery system (for (a) SS 563-1 or ISO 30061 Scheme 5 Scheme 5 – Scheme 5 –
exit signs and and (Labels issued) Testing for every 2000 labels Factory inspection to
emergency lighting) SS 563-2 or AS/NZS 2293-1 or be conducted at least
At least once annually, if fewer than 2000 labels once annually
or
By trigger (every 2000
labels)
Scheme 1b Scheme 1b – Scheme 1b –
(Labels issued) Batch testing Not applicable
and
Full tests over 3 years
 Surveillance Regime
Products / Certification
S/N Acceptable Standards Factory/Site
Materials Scheme Testing
Inspection
16. Fire hose reel EN 671-1 Scheme 5 Scheme 5 - Scheme 5 –
(Labels issued) Testing for every 1500 labels Factory inspection to
or be conducted at least
At least once annually, if fewer than 1500 labels once annually
Full test over 5 years for both fixed and swing types and
Site inspection(s)
triggered by
certification body (10)
Scheme 1b Scheme 1b - Scheme 1b –
(Labels issued) Batch testing (Full test) Site inspection
triggered by
certification body for
each batch (10)
17. Standby fire hose BS 6391 Scheme 5 Scheme 5 - Scheme 5 –
(Labels issued) Testing for every 1000 labels Factory inspection to
or be conducted at least
At least once annually, if fewer than 1000 labels once annually
Full tests over 5 years per type and
Site inspection(s)
triggered by
certification body (10)
Scheme 1b Scheme 1b – Scheme 1b –
(Labels issued) Batch testing (Full test) Site inspection
triggered by
certification body for
each batch (10)
18. Auditorium Seats (5) BS 5852,Clause 12 (Ignition source 0, 1 & 5) Scheme 1b Batch testing covering BS 5852: Clause 12 (ignition Site inspection
(Labels issued) source 0, 1 & 5) triggered by
certification body for
each batch (10)
19. Fire damper To conduct full test comprising: Scheme 1b Full test over 3 years: Batch inspection (11)
1. fire test; (Labels issued) 1. Fire test and and
2. air leakage test; 2. Air leakage test and Site inspection
3. reliability test; and 3. Reliability test and triggered by
4. spring closing test (if applicable) 4. Spring closing test (if applicable) certification body for
For fire test: each batch (10)
(a) SS 333 Clause 6.3
or
AS 1530-4 (The damper shall be tested with
the damper at open position at the start of fire
test and be able to completely close during the
first 90 sec of the test. Acceptance criteria
shall be according to SS 333 Cl 6.3.2)
or
ISO 834-8 & ISO 834-9 (The damper shall be
tested with the damper at open position at the
start of fire test and be able to completely
close during the first 90 sec of the test.
Acceptance criteria shall be according to SS
333 Cl 6.3.2)
For air-leakage test:
(a) SS 333 Clause 6.4
or
ISO 5167 & ISO 7244
or
EN 1751 Clause 5.2.1 to 5.2.4 (Note: The
requirements for sub-items 2, 3 & 4 shall be as
specified in SS 333 Clause 6.4).
For closing reliability test:
(a) SS 333 Clause 6.5
or
UL 555 Clause 11.2
For spring closing force test:
(a) SS 333 Clause 6.6
or
UL 555 Clause 13
20. Fire-rated door 20.1 Fire-rated door Scheme 5 Fire test: Scheme 5 –
(including door (a) SS 332 Clause 5 (Labels issued) Timber/composite door – at least once annually Factory inspection to
closer) or Steel/glass door – once every 3 years be conducted at least
EN 1634-1 Impact test for fire-rated glass door – once every 3 once annually
and years and
(b) Mechanical test for relevant hardware as Site inspection(s)
stipulated in SS332 (wherever applicable if triggered by
installed on the fire door) certification body (10)
EN 179, EN 1125, EN 1155, EN 1158, EN Scheme 1b Scheme 1b –
1303, EN 1906, EN 1935, EN 12051, EN (Labels issued) Batch inspection (11)
12209, EN 14846, EN 15684 and
If product includes glass (excl. vision panel), to Site inspection
also conduct impact test: triggered by
certification body for
AS 2208 each batch (10)
or
EN 12600
and
(d) Door Closer (refer to S/N 20.2)
 Surveillance Regime
Products / Certification
S/N Acceptable Standards Factory/Site
Materials Scheme Testing
Inspection
20.2 Door closer Scheme 5 Mechanical Test at least once annually based on EN Factory inspection to
(a) EN 1154 or SS 332 Clause 6 Annex C (Labels issued) 1154 or SS 332 Clause 6 Annex C be conducted at least
once annually
and
Site inspection(s)
triggered by
certification body (10)

21. Bin/linen chute door (a) BS 476-22 Scheme 5 Fire test once every 3 years Scheme 5 –
or (Labels issued) Factory inspection to
EN 1634-1 be conducted at least
or once annually
AS 1530-4 and
Site inspection(s)
triggered by
certification body (10)

Scheme 1b Scheme 1b –
(Labels issued) Batch inspection (11)
and
Site inspection
triggered by
certification body for
each batch (10)
22. Fire-rated lift For lift-landing door: Scheme 1b Fire test once every 3 years Batch inspection (11)
landing/ dumb (a) BS 476-22 (Labels issued) Impact test once every 3 years and
waiter door or Site inspection
EN 81-58 triggered by
For dumb waiter door certification body for
(b) BS 476-22 each batch (10)
and
If product (lift-landing door or dumb waiter
door) includes glass (excl. vision panel), to
also conduct impact test:

AS 2208
or
EN 12600
23. Fire shutter/ fire (a) SS 489 Clause 5 Scheme 1b Fire test once every 3 years Batch inspection (11)
curtain or (Labels issued) and
EN 1634-1; Site inspection
For fire shutter/fire curtain certified to either SS triggered by
489 or EN 1634-1, the closing time and speed certification body for
of the fire shutter/ fire curtain shall comply each batch (10)
with Cl.3.7.7c. of this Code.
24. Fire-rated hatch (a) BS 476-22 Scheme 5 Fire test once every 3 years Scheme 5 –
door or (Labels issued) Factory inspection to
EN 1634-1 be conducted at least
or once annually
AS 1530-4 and
Site inspection(s)
triggered by
certification body (10)
Scheme 1b Scheme 1b –
(Labels issued) Batch inspection (11)
and
Site inspection
triggered by
certification body for
each batch (10)
25. Portable fire (a) SS EN 3-7 Scheme 5 Scheme 5 – Scheme 5 –
extinguisher and (Labels issued) Testing for every 5000 labels Factory inspection to
(b) EN 3-8 or be conducted at least
or At least once annually, if fewer than 5000 labels once annually
EN 3-9 Full tests over 5 years per type and
Site inspection(s)
triggered by
certification body (10)
Scheme 1b Scheme 1b - Scheme 1b –
(Labels issued) Batch testing Site inspection
triggered by
certification body for
each batch (10)
26. Fire resistant cables (a) SS 299-1 Scheme 5 Full tests over 3 years Factory inspection to
or (Certified mark be conducted at least
BS 6387 and BS 7846 Clauses 16.2 and 16.3 printed on cables) once annually
 Surveillance Regime
Products / Certification
S/N Acceptable Standards Factory/Site
Materials Scheme Testing
Inspection
27. Intumescent coating (a) EN 16623 (fire resistance test and Scheme 5 Full durability test and fire test over 3 years Factory inspection to
system (for durability test) (DoCs issued) be conducted at least
protection to steel or once annually
structure) (6) ISO 834-6or ISO 834-7(fire resistance test) and
and EN 16623 (durability test) Site inspection to be
or conducted for every
BS 476-21 or AS 1530-4 (load-bearing fire 3500m2
resistance test) and BS 8202-2 (durability
tests)

28. Landing valve BS 5041-1 Scheme 5 Scheme 5 – Scheme 5 –

(Labels issued) Testing for every 1500 labels Factory inspection to
or be conducted at least
At least once annually, if fewer than 1500 labels once annually
Full tests over 5 years for both low and high pressure and
valve types Site
inspection(s)triggered
by certification body (10)
Scheme 1b Scheme 1b - Scheme 1b –
(Labels issued) Batch testing Site inspection
triggered by
certification body for
each batch (10)
29. Breeching inlet BS 5041-3 Scheme 5 Scheme 5 – Scheme 5 –
(Labels issued) Testing for every 1000 labels Factory inspection
or to be conducted at
At least once annually, if fewer than 1000 labels least once annually
Full tests over 5 years for both 2-way and 4-way and
types Site inspection(s)
triggered by
certification body (10)
Scheme 1b Scheme 1b - Scheme 1b –
(Labels issued) Batch testing Site inspection
triggered by
certification body for
each batch (10)
30. Raised floor panel (9) (a) BS 476-4 Scheme 2 Annual surveillance test shall only require material Not applicable
or testing, and adopt the same test standards that were
BS 476-11 adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC
or listing
EN 13501-1 (min. class A2fl)
31. Material for (a) BS 476-4 Scheme 2 Annual surveillance test shall only require material Not applicable
wall/ceiling/floor or testing, and adopt the same test standards that were
construction (9) BS 476-11 adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC
or listing
BS 476-7 For plastic wall/ceiling/floor construction, annual
or surveillance test shall be based on Cl 3.15.19
BS 476-6& BS 476-7
or
EN 13501-1
For plastic wall/ceiling/floor construction, refer
to Cl 3.15.19 for the testing requirements
32. Thermal insulation (a) BS 476-4 Scheme 2 Annual surveillance test shall only require material Not applicable
material (9) or testing and adopt the same test standards that were
BS 476-11 adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC
or listing
BS 476-7 For plastic wall/ceiling/floor construction, annual
or surveillance test shall be based on Cl 3.15.19
BS 476-6 & BS 476-7
or
EN 13501-1
For plastic wall/ceiling/floor construction, refer
to Cl 3.15.19 for the testing requirements
33. Finishing material (a) BS 476-4 Scheme 2 Annual surveillance test shall only require material Not applicable
for wall/ceiling (9) or testing and adopt the same test standards that were
BS 476-11 adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC
or listing
BS 476-7 For plastic wall/ceiling finishes, annual surveillance
or test shall be based on Cl 3.15.19
BS 476-6& BS 476-7
or
EN 13501-1
For plastic wall/ceiling finishes, refer to Cl
3.15.19 for the testing requirements
34. Plastic finishing For plastic floor finishes, refer to Cl 3.15.19 for Scheme 2 For plastic floor finishes, annual surveillance test Not applicable
material for floor the testing requirements shall be based on Cl 3.15.19

35. 35.1 For non-fire-rated roof covering material

Roof covering Scheme 2 Annual surveillance test shall only require material
Not applicable
material (9) testing and adopt the same test standards that were
(a) BS 476-4
 Surveillance Regime
Products / Certification
S/N Acceptable Standards Factory/Site
Materials Scheme Testing
Inspection
or adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC
BS 476-11 listing
or For plastic roof covering, annual surveillance test
BS 476-7 shall be based on Cl 3.15.19
or
BS 476-6& BS 476-7
or
EN 13501-1
or
ASTM E108
For plastic roof covering, refer to Cl 3.15.19 for
the testing requirements

35.2 For fire-rated roof covering material

(a) BS 476-22 with material testing in

accordance with BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN Factory inspection to
13501-1 (min. Class A2) be conducted at least
or once annually
Annual surveillance test shall only require
EN 1364-2 with material testing in accordance
Scheme 5 material testing, and adopt the same test
with EN 13501-1 (min. Class A2) and
(DoCs issued) standards that were adopted for the material
or AS 1530-4 with material testing in
testing at the point of CoC listing
accordance with: Site inspection to be
(i) BS 476-4/ BS 476-11/ EN 13501-1 (min. conducted for every
Class A2) 3500m²
or
(ii) EN 13501-1 (min. Class A2) if fire
resistance test is using plate-thermocouple
For test on the core material of composite
Annual surveillance test to be conducted. In addition,
panel: Factory inspection to
surveillance test shall also be conducted for every
(a) BS 476-4 be conducted at least
project. Testing from project site during the
or once annually
surveillance window fulfills the annual test
BS 476-11 and
requirement for that window. Surveillance test shall
Composite panel or Site inspection to be
only require material testing and adopt the same test
(cladding to external BS 476-6& BS 476-7 conducted for every
standards adopted for the material testing at the point
wall) (8) (9) or project
Scheme 5 of CoC listing.
36. (Composite panel EN 13501-1
(DoCs issued)
shall be tested on its Annual surveillance test (finger printing) to be
Factory inspection to
core material or as conducted. In addition, surveillance test shall also be
be conducted at least
an assembly) conducted for every project. Testing from project site
once annually
For test on the composite panel assembly: during the surveillance window fulfills the annual test
and
NFPA 285 requirement for that window. Surveillance test shall
Site inspection to be
only require finger printing and adopt the same finger
conducted for every
printing test standards adopted at the point of CoC
project
listing.
UPVC window
frame Scheme 2
37. ASTM D635 Annual surveillance test based on ASTM D635 Not applicable
Material

(a) EN 1363 Annual surveillance test shall only require material Factory inspection to
and testing, and adopt the same test standards that were be conducted at least
(b) EN 1364 with material testing in Scheme 5 adopted for the material testing at the point of CoC once annually
Engineered Timber
38. accordance with EN 13501-1 (min. Class D) (DoCs issued) listing and
or Site inspection to be
EN 1365 with material testing in accordance conducted for every
with EN 13501-1 (min. Class D) 3500m2
39.1 Roof-mounted module:
Biennial surveillance fire test in accordance to with
IEC 61730-2 (MST 23 – spread of flame and Scheme 2 IEC 61730-2 MST 23 – spread of flame and burning
Not applicable
burning brand tests under Annex B) with a brand tests under Annex B) as adopted at the point of
minimum fire performance rating of Class C CoC listing

39.2 Wall-mounted module:

(a) IEC 61730-2 (MST 22, 23, 25 and 26). For

MST 23, spread of flame and burning brand
tests under Annex B with fire performance
rating of Class A
Factory inspection to
and be conducted at least
once annually
Solar Photo-voltaic
39. (b) EN 13501-1 (min. Class B with FIGRA ≤ 70 Scheme 5 -
(PV) Scheme 5
W/s) Annual surveillance test for EN 13501-1 as adopted and
(DoCs issued)
at the point of CoC listing
and Site inspection to be
conducted for every
(c) Junction box IEC 61730-1 (for glow wire project
test and flammability classification)

and

(d) Solar cables IEC 61730-1 (for vertical

flame propagation)
(a) IEC 61730-2 (MST 22, 23, 25 and 26). For
Scheme 1b - Site inspection to be
MST 23, spread of flame and burning brand Scheme 1b
Batch testing in accordance with EN 13501-1 as conducted for every
tests under Annex B with fire performance (DoCs issued)
adopted at the point of CoC listing project
rating of Class A
 Surveillance Regime
Products / Certification
S/N Acceptable Standards Factory/Site
Materials Scheme Testing
Inspection

and

(b) EN 13501-1 (min. Class B with FIGRA ≤ 70

W/s)

and

(c) Junction box IEC 61730-1 (for glow wire

test and flammability classification)

and

(d) Solar cables IEC 61730-1 (for vertical

flame propagation)

Factory inspection to
40.1 For non-fire-rated coldroom material
be conducted at least
(a) Flame spread test: EN 13501-1
Annual surveillance test in accordance with Flame once annually
and Scheme 5
spread test and Toxicity emission test and Smoke and
(b)Toxicity emission test: EN 45545-2 (DoCs issued)
density test Site inspection to be
and
conducted for every
(c) Smoke density test : EN 13501-1
3500m2

40. Coldroom material

40.2 For fire-rated coldroom material

(a) Fire resistance test: BS 476-22 or EN
Factory inspection to
1364-1 or AS 1530-4 or ASTM E119 or ISO Annual surveillance test shall only require material
be conducted at least
834-8 testing for (b), (c) and (d), and adopt the same test
Scheme 5 once annually
and standards that were adopted for the material testing
(DoCs issued) and
(b) Flame spread test: EN 13501-1 at the point of CoC listing
Site inspection to be
and
conducted for every
(c) Toxicity emission test: EN 45545-2
3500m2
and
(d) Smoke density test: EN 13501-1
Refer to SCDF’s circulars on the:
(a) Technical Requirements of Household
Shelters 2001 & Product Listing Scheme for
Household Shelter (HS) Door dated 28 Feb Factory inspection to
2002 be conducted at least
and once annually
Household shelter
(b) Product Listing Scheme (PLS) for Scheme 5 Once every 3 years for cyclic test. and
door
41. Household Shelter (HS) Doors – Revision in (Labels issued) Annually for water tightness test, dimension check, Site inspection to be
Rubber Gasket Specification dated 17 Mar CED coating test & rubber gasket test conducted for every
2004 200 labels
and
(c) Product Listing Scheme for Household
Shelter Doors – Revision in Cathode Electro-
Deposition (CED) Coating Test Specification
dated 8 Feb 200
Factory inspection to
be conducted at least
Storey shelter door Refer to SCDF’s circular on the Product Listing Scheme 5 Once every 3 years for cyclic test. once annually
42. Scheme (PLS) for Storey Shelter (SS) Door (Labels issued) Annually for water tightness test, dimension check, and
dated 8 Feb 2006 CED coating test & rubber gasket test Site inspection to be
conducted for every
200 labels
Note:
1. ASTM E119 are not acceptable for load-bearing elements.
2. Cl.3.3.6 shall be complied with.
3. The insulation criterion shall be at least 30 minutes.
4. Insulation criteria of ducting system shall have both internal and external rating.
5. Requirements apply to upholstered seats and plastic seats, either in fixed position or retractable type.
6. For BS 8202 the external system durability test shall be for:
a) Humidity test, b) washing test, c) sulphur dioxide test, d) salt spray test, e) heat exposure test, f) natural exposure test, g) control specimen test.
The internal system durability test shall be for:
a) Sulphur dioxide test, b) natural exposure test, c) heat exposure test, d) washing test, e) humidity test, f) control specimen test.
For EN 16623 the durability test shall be for type ‘X’ intended for all conditions and type ‘Y’ intended for internal and semi-exposed conditions.
7. Local CoC is not required unless full testing done locally. For more information, refer to Cl.6.3.6.
8. External wall shall have fire-resistance test rating not less than 1 hour.
9. Refer to Table 3.13A, Note (2) for fire classification of construction products & building elements.
10. Site inspection refers to verifications of the installed product against the details in the CoC, type test report that was considered for issuance of the CoC, and
inspection of serial labels as stipulated in Regulation 7 of the Fire Safety (Regulated Fire Safety Products) Regulations 2020. The number of site inspections to be done
should be in accordance with Regulation 7 of the same Subsidiary Legislation.
11. Batch inspection shall include checks of the individual components either in factory/site/warehouse.
APPENDIX 01 - FIRE SAFETY REPORT

1.0 General

a. Fire Safety Repo rt is to document the provision of fire protection, life safety features and fire safety managem ent
in the build ing a nd/ or pl ants/ installations. This report serves as a useful reference t o Fire Safety Manage rs (FSMs),
buildi ng owners, Re gistere d Inspectors (RIs), the SCDF and Qualified Persons (QPs) appoint ed to carry out any
subsequent a dditio ns and al teration works. Where the nature of the additions and al teration works woul d require the
updatin g of the Fire Safety Repo rt, the QP sha ll be responsible to submit revised and updat ed report to the building
owne r/s and the SCDF.

b. The proj ect QP shall submit a report o n fire protection, life safety features and fire safety management when
making buildi ng pl an submission for projects such as:

(1) Commercial b uildin gs exceeding 6 0m in habitable height.

(2) Commercial b uildin gs with Accessible Floor Area (AF A) greater than 5000m or having a total occupant
2

load exceedi ng 10 00 p erson s (car park floor areas can be excluded in the computation of AFA and
occupant load ).

(3) Ind ustrial bu ildin gs with AFA floor area exceeding 5000m².

(4) Petroleum/ chemical pla nts and installations.

(5) Buil dings exceedin g 24m in habitabl e hei ght where fire -rated drywalls are used for the construction of
protected shafts for staircases and/or lifts.

(6) Buil dings exceedin g on e storey using fire -rated board protection or intumescent paints for structural steel.

(7) Buil dings with structural steel members coated with i ntumescent paint (for buildi ngs of habitable height
below 24m, only item a., b., d., e. & q. of para. 2.0 need to be included in the fire saf ety report ).

(8) Meg a un dergro und devel opments.

c. In buildings und er PG VI & VIII, where the re may be presence of corrosive atmosphere that may affect the
effectiveness of intumescent paints for prot ection to structural steel members of buil dings and fire - rated dry board,
such proposal shal l be subje cted to evaluation of the SCDF.

2.0 Contents of the Report

The write -u p of the report o n fire protection and life safet y features shall include the f ollowi ng subjects. However,
qualifie d pe rson could exp a nd or mod ify the repo rt to suit his presentation:

a. project description;

b. fire safety design concept;

c. fire engin e accessibility;

d. means of escape;

e. structural fire preca ution s;

f. control and exh aust of smoke and toxic fumes;

g. firefighting systems;

h. fire alarm system;

i. emergency powe r suppl y;

j. emergency evacuation li ghting;

 k. emergency voice communication system;

l. two-way emerg ency voice communication system;

m. emergency lift control;

n. areas of fire risk;

o. fire scenario;

p. conclusion; and

q. attachments.

3.0 Brief Explanatory Notes for Outline Report on Fire Protection and Life Safety Features

a. Project desc ription

A description of the project with bri ef outline of the facili ties provided. For industri al and pet roleum/ chemical plants and
installations, details of the followi ng are to be p rovided:

(1) a di agrammatic process flow chart with a brief descri ption of the process/ activities that will be carri ed out;

(2) the raw mate rials to be used;

(3) the n ature of the produc ts; and

(4) all h azard ous chemicals, flammable liquids, solvents, etc. that will be handled/ stored.

b. Fire safety design conc ept

This would inclu de the safet y design concept incorporat ed in the project such as the application of design and provision of
areas of ref uge, smoke barri ers, addition al compartment walls/ doors in sectionalizing the large atri um floors etc. and
other a dde d fire safety featu res provid ed over a nd above the intent of the Code.

c. Fire engine acce ssibility

This would b riefly outlin e the driveways, which are paved to withstand the load of fire engines, to be provided.

d. Means of esc ape

This would inclu de the d escription of the escape routes that woul d be taken by occupants in the buildi ng in a fire
scenario, besid es the provisi on of the numb er, type and l ocation of staircases, etc.

e. Structur al fire prec autio ns

This would o utline the fire re sistance rating and th e type of structural prot ection to el ements of structures, compartment
walls/ floors, types and methods of fire -stoppi ngs to ducts, cavity and curtain walling construction, and types and rating of
all fire do ors.

f. Control and exh aust o f s moke and toxic fumes

This would inclu de the d escription of the type of system to be provided to car parks, atrium, staircases and lobbi es, air -
conditioni ng units, etc.

g. Firefighting system

This would inclu de the active protection system such as portable fire extinguishers, hose reels, dry/ wet rising mains,
sprinkler system, gas flooding system, fixed/ portable water monitors, fixed water spray, drenchers, etc.

h. Fire alarm system

This would inclu de the p rovi sion of passive fire protection system such as automatic fire detection systems (smoke or heat
type), 'break the gl ass' fire alarm system. Besides naming the type of automatic system, the description shoul d also
include where t he detecto rs would be ge nerally located i n fire risk areas/rooms such as lift motor rooms, electrical switch
rooms, MDF, IDF and PABX rooms electrical ducts and enclosed elevator shafts, and how, when any of the systems is
activated, the public, the pe ople in the Fi re Control Room and the nearest fire station or approved fire al arm mo nitoring
company are al erte d.

i. Emergency power supply

This would inclu de the d escription of ho w the emergency power system operates in times of loss of normal electric power
supply to any part of the buil ding an d the a reas or systems that will be designed to receive emergency power.

j. Emergency evacua tion lighting

This would inclu de the d escription of the system designed in accordance with SS 563 , and the location of exit signs etc.,
and the types of battery system, and design ed time for the switchover to emergency lighting system from the time the
normal p owe r supply is cut -off.

k. Emergency voice communication sys tem

This would involve the description of the p rovision of the one -way zoned and electric ally monitored emergency paging
system to critical areas such as lobbies, corrid ors, exit stairways, toilets, restaurant, shop and offices, M&E plant
rooms. The emerg ency publ ic address system which generally complies with SS 546 would i nclude communication
betwee n FCC a nd all p arts o f the buildin g thro ugh el ectri cal loudspeakers.

l. T wo-way emergenc y voic e communication system

This would d escribe the o pe ration of the 2 -way zoned and coded voice communication system, which is electrically
supervised from the cent ral control located i n the FCC including the provision of slave telephones to critical areas such
as:

(1) every fire lift lobby incl uding 1 storey;

st

(2) all firefightin g rel ated m echanical eq uipment rooms inclusive of sprinkler pump room, wet rising main pump
room, hose reel pum p room, etc.;

(3) all ro oms housing smo ke control equi pment;

(4) all lift machine ro oms;

(5) any othe r locations as may be requi re d by the SCDF.

m. Emergency lift control

This would d escribe the func tion of the Emerge ncy Lift Control conforming to the requirements under SS 550. The
description of the eme rg enc y lift control wo uld also include the sequence of events in case of:

(1) power fail ure;

(2) fire eme rge ncy; and

(3) both p owe r failure an d fire emergency.

n. Areas of fire risk

This would b riefly describe t he areas of fire risk such as AC plant room, generator room, oil tank room, etc., and the type
of fire protectio n/detection s ystem proposed.

o. Fire scenario

Unde r this subject, the quali fied perso n wou ld have to assume the outbreak of a fire in one of the critical floors or areas
and describ e the sequ ence of operation of the fire protection and life safety design features.

p. Conclusion

This would inclu de the sum ming up of the outli ne concepts and systems that have been designed for the project .

q. Attachmen ts

(1) L ocation pl ans of steel structural memb ers coated wit h intumescent paint.
(2) L ocation pl ans of fire ris k areas.

(3) Any othe r attachments re quired for the rep ort.

APPENDIX 02 - FIRE SAFETY INSTRUCTION MANUAL

1.0 GENERAL

a. The Fire Safety Instruction Manual is a document prepared by the project QP to remind the building owner, M CST,
tenant, ope rato r an d/ or cont ractor on th e management of fire safety provisions for the buildi ng. This includes
maintena nce regim es, evacuati on procedu res, and other relevant documents to be kept and maintai ned by the
relevant p arties.

b. The buildi ng o wne r shall maintain an d keep the Fi re Safety Instruction Manual at all times and present to the QP
upon req uest. Where any Addition &Alteratio n works are carried out to the buil dings, the buildi ng owner shall ens ure
that changes in the man age ment of fire safety provisions are updated in the Fi re Saf ety Instruction Manual by the
QP. The update d Fire Safety Instruction Manual shall be submitted to SCDF for record.

c. The QP can expand or mo dify the Fire Safety Instruction Manual to suit his presentation so as to convey the fire
safety intents/ requireme nts to the releva nt parties.

d. Maintenance of fire prote ction systems

All fire protection systems when installe d/provided in a building, shall be maintai ned in accordance with applicabl e
codes or standa rds specified in Table 1. 2A. The QP shall list down the maintenance details in the Fire Safety
Instruction Manual a nd ha nd over to the buil ding owner for compliance at the completi on of the buil ding proj ect.

For the pu rp ose of this Code , “fire protection system” has the same meaning as in the Fire Safety Act 1993.

2.0 SCOPE

The project QP shall prep are a Fire Safety Instruction Manual if the project involves any of the following:

a. Fire safety provisions for PWDs

b. Chemical/ HazMat wareho use

c. Fully Automated Mechanised Car Park (FAMCP)

d. Buildings using intumesce nt paint

e. Liquefie d Petrol eum Gas (LPG) cylinde r installation

f. Mega unde rgroun d develo pments

g. Use of lifts in buildings for evacuation

h. Enginee red timbe r buil din g construction

i. Hoard ing & safety nets

j. Tempora ry worke rs’ quarte rs in uncomplete d perm anent buildings on construction sites

k. Ductless jet fans system in car parks

l. Kitchen exhaust ducts

m. Fire-rate d dry constructio n

n. Firefighting, mecha nical ventilation/ pressurisation, smoke control, emergency voice communication and any
other fire safety related systems/ equipment

3.0 CONTENTS OF THE MANUAL

The Fire Safety Instruction Manual shall inclu de the foll owing subjects:

a. project descriptio n;

b. list of items under p ara graph 2 p resent in this project; and

c. relevant informatio n for e ach applicabl e item.

4.0 RELEVANT INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN THE FIRE SAFETY INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

4.1 Fire safety provisions for PWDs

a. Planning of evacuation for PWD s

The buil ding o wne r/ MCST shall pla n the evacuation procedures for PWDs. Planni ng includes identifying the needs
of PWDs and making arran g ements for assistance during emergency. The buildi ng owner/ MCST shall keep the
followin g inform ation:

(1) locatio ns plan of PWD Holding Poi nt and PWD evacuation lift;

(2) the numbe r of PWDs;

(3) the l ocation of the PWDs ; and

(4) the nature of their d isabi lities.

b. The evacuation p roced ure s shall be tested at least once a year and involve both horizontal, if provided, and
vertical evacuation.

c. The building o wn er/ MCST shall ensure that the staff, designated to help PWDs in the event of fire, are fully
traine d to execute the following evacuation procedure:

(1) Building with eva cua tion lift

(a) PWDs re qui ring assistan ce shall move or be directed to the PWD Holding Point in the evacuation lift
lobby.

(b) Th e train ed staff shall attend to PWDs from PWD Hol ding Point and direct them to the final exit.

(2) Building without e vacu ation lift

(a) On hea ring th e ala rm, PWDs requi ring assistance shall be moved or be di rected t o the nearest PWD
Holdi ng Point inside th e exit staircase.

(b) Th e train ed staff, after completing their search, shall proceed to the PWD Hol ding Point and assist the
PWDs down the exit staircase to the final exit.

4.2 Chemical/ HazMat warehouse

[Link] lab orato ry ope rato rs shall minimise the amount of flammable liqui ds on benches by returning them to chemical
store or safety cabinets whe n the liquids a re not needed for the day.

b. The labo rato ry operators shall ensure that the quantity of these liquids placed on benches and fume cupboards
shall not exceed 10% of the total allowable storage capacity within the laboratory uni t.

c. Liquids used for ru nnin g a nd ope ratin g lab oratory instruments or other work -in -progress which may require some
quantities of solvents to ope rate are exempted from the 10% limit.

4.3 Fully Automated Mechanised Car Park (FAMCP)

 a. The buildi ng o wne r/ MCST of Catego ry 2 & 3 FAMCPs shall provide self -contai ned breathing apparatus and
maintaine d in a clearly marked cabinet fo r maintenance personnel.

b. Maintenance perso nnel s hall be e quip ped with the breathing apparatus while working in FAMCPs.

c. Signage with wo rds of minimum 50mm in height shall be clearly visible and state: “Personnel must be equi pped
with the breathin g ap paratus durin g mainten ance”.

4.4 Buildings using intumescent paint

a. Inspection and maintena nc e

(1) Th e buil ding o wne r/ MCST, shall carry out annual ins pection checks to ensure that the intumescent paint
coatings are n ot damag e or tempere d with. Records of inspection shall be properly kept.

(2) Fo r buil dings with Fi re Certification, the annual renewal of the certificate shall include the inspection of the
columns and be ams coated with intumescent paint. The inspection shall be carried out by a QP.

b. Addition/ alteration wor k s

For ad dition/ alte ration work s in a building where structural steel members are protected by intumescent paint, the
followin g re quirements shall be complied wit h:

(1) Th e buil ding o wne r/ MCST/ tenant, assisted by the FSM, shall engage a QP who shall submit building plans
to the SCDF. The buil ding p l ans shall be accompani ed by the QP’s declaration as to whether the existing
columns, beams coated with intumescent pain t are/ wi ll be affected.

(2) Inspection ce rtificate en dorsed by a RI shall be required and kept by the buil ding owner/ MCST.

(3) Th e Fire Safety Rep ort shall be u pdated accordi ngly.

c. There shall be n o highly fl ammable/ combustible materials stored within the vicinity of any structural steel
members prot ected by intumescent paint.

4.5 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinder installation

a. The buildi ng o wne r/ MCST/ tenant shall observe the Regul ation 53 of the Fire Safety (Petroleum and Flammable
Materials) Regul ations 20 05 and the conditi ons stipulated under Cl.10.1 of the Fire Code for the storage/ use of 15kg
LPG cylinders within bui ldin g.

b. The own er/ tena nt of eati ng outlet o r food stall together with the gas supplier/ dealer are responsible to ensure
that the automatically shut -o ff system is well maintained and that the gas leak detection system is checked and
calibrate d periodically.

c. The Fire Certificate inspe ction prog ramme for the buil ding shall include the “automatic detection and shut -off
system”.

4.6 Mega underground developments

a. The buildi ng o wne r/ MCST shall form a Company Emergency Response Team (CERT) for his underground
developme nt.

b. Trainin g an d othe r safety requ ireme nts in caverns

(1) All wo rking occupa nts in the und erg round development are requi red to be properl y and thoroughly briefed
on the fire eme rg ency plans.

(2) All wo rking occupa nts shall be trai ned on basic firefi ghting and rescue matters. Safety hoods shall be
equip ped a nd p rovide d for e ach workin g occupant in the caverns.

4.7 Use of lifts in buildings for evacuation

a. The buildi ng o wne r/ MCST shall designate his staff to supervise the evacuation during a fire emergency.

b. Evacuation using fire lifts or evacuation lifts shall onl y be carried out under the s upervision of firefighters/ CERT.
 c. Upon the arrival of SCDF at the fire scene, the designated staff supervising the evacuation shall brief the fire
officer in-cha rge o n the posi tion and circumstances of the fire and the progress of the evacuation. SCDF will then
take over the supe rvision of the evacuation.

4.8 Engineered timber building construction

Where automatic fire d etection/ suppression systems are installed, the engi neered timber buil ding owner/ MCST shall
unde rtake to eng age a QP to conduct annu al inspection of these systems and to submit inspection reports to SCDF.

4.9 Hoarding & safety nets

a. The buildi ng o wne r/ MCST shall ensure a copy of QP -endorsed hoarding pl ans is kept at the FCC, security guard
room or i nformatio n counte r in the ord er of p riority at all times. Such requirement is optional if the hoardings does
not affect the following are a s/ facilities:

(1) fire hydra nts;

(2) fire engi ne accessway/fire engin e access road;

(3) fire lift;

(4) exit staircase; and

(5) d ry/ wet riser.

b. The buildi ng o wne r/ MCST is require d to notify all the tenants/occupants of the locations of alternate means of
escape 2 weeks pri or to carrying out the hoa rdi ng and renovation works.

c. The building o wn er/ MCST is require d to inform the nearest SCDF fire station of any hoarding works that affect the
above-me ntion ed a reas/ facilities.

d. The affected firefighti ng facilities/areas shall be clearly shown on the pl ans and s ubmitted to the rel evant fire
station. The altern ative or n earest firefig hting facilities that can be accessed by the fire station responding personnel
shall be hig hligh t ed on the p lan.

4.10 Temporary workers’ quarters in uncompleted permanent buildings on construction sites

The main contractor shall en sure that:

a. all tempora ry worke rs’ qu arters withi n the construction site are maintai ned in good conditions and they shall not
be allo wed to d eteri orate i nto a slum -like condition through unauthorised extensions and overc rowding;

b. unwa nted a rticles are not stored in an d around the temporary workers’ quart ers; and

c. all exits, escape routes and passage way are kept free of obstruction at all times.

4.11 Ductless jet fans system in car parks

a. The buildi ng o wne r/ MCST shall keep a copy of the operati ons and mai ntenance manual as a gui de for future
renovati ons and cha nges to the buildi ng.

b. The manual pre pared by the QP shall contain the roles and responsibilities of the buildi ng owner/ MCST, the
restriction placed on the b uil ding id entification of the sub -systems, servicing and maintenance plan, fault
identification, etc.

4.12 Kitchen exhaust ducts

Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023

a. The buildi ng o wne r/ MCST /tenant/ope rator sh all ens ure that the entire kitchen exhaust system, including those within
individual restau rant/F&B ou tlet shall be pro pe rly maintai ned. The entire (interi or and exterior) exhaust duct and k itchen
hood shall be de gre ased an d cleaned at least once every 12 months. The work shall be carried out by a speciali st and the
records of cleani ng a nd de greasing shall b e kept by the relevant parties for verificati on.
b. The buildi ng o wne r/ MCST/ tenant/ operator shall veri fy that the maintenance records state the name and cont act
numbe r of the mainten ance company, method of cleaning, and the date of inspection or cleaning. Photographic evidence
of the cleaning, wit h da te a n d time stamps, shall be incorporated in the report.

c. Following the con duct of maintena nce for the enti re ki tchen exhaust system, the building owner/ MCST/ tenant /operator
shall verify that the cleaning contractor has prominently affixed a maintenance label (e.g., at the anchor tenant of the
coffeeshop, or at the cashie r of a restaura nt or foo d stall), at least A5 -sized, displaying the following inf ormation:

(1) Date of last cleaning (in DD/MM/YY format)

(2) Name an d Uni que Entity Numbe r (UEN) of the maintenance company

(3) Meth od of cleani ng (e. g., manual scrapin g, chemical wash, mechanical brush, radio -controlled robot, etc.)

(4) Date wh en the n ext cleaning is due (in DD/MM/YY format )

4.13 Fire-rated dry construction

The buil ding o wne r/ MCST shall en gag e a QP for any subsequent A&A works involving new or existing fire -rated dry
construction.