Sem - 1 Music Notes
Fugue, in music, is a compositional procedure characterized by the systematic imitation
of a principal theme (called the subject) in simultaneously sounding melodic lines
(counterpoint). The term fugue may also be used to describe a work or part of a work.A
fugue usually has three main sections: an exposition, a development and a final entry
that contains the return of the subject in the fugue's tonic key. fugues contain 3-4
voices
Canon, musical form and compositional technique, based on the principle of strict
imitation, in which an initial melody is imitated at a specified time interval by one or
more parts, either at the unison (either the same pitch) or at some other pitch.
Important Notes:
Tonal Answer - Answer adjusted to fit harmony
True Answer - Answer exact subject/melody transformation
Counterpoint - Melody that sounds good with the subject where the subject is another
Melody
Countersubject - Counterpoint that often accompanies the subject (isn't required)
Entry - Statement of the subject during the episode
Inversion is a Melody that plays Upside down
Music Note Terms:
Supertonic - the second degree of a major or minor scale.
Mediant - The third scale degree of a diatonic scale, being the note halfway between
the tonic and the dominant.
Subdominant - The fourth note is called the subdominant
Dominant - The fifth note in music is called the dominant
Relative Minor - the key which has the same key signature but a different tonic
Acciaccatura - A small grace note melodically adjacent to a principal note and played
simultaneously with or immediately before it.
Tonic - The tonic is the first and last note on a major or minor scale. Additionally, it is
the most important and central note in the major or minor scale
Retrograde non-strict - melodic line that is the reverse of a previously or
simultaneously stated line
Retrograde is a melodic line that is the reverse of a previously or simultaneously stated
line is said to be its retrograde or cancrizans.
Baroque music refers to the period or dominant style of Western classical music
composed from about 1600 to 1750.
Contrafect is a musical composition built using the chord progression of a pre-existing
song, but with a new melody and arrangement. Typically the original tune's progression
and song form will be reused but occasionally just a section will be reused in the new
composition.
Sequence is a melodic or chordal figure repeated at a new pitch level (that is,
transposed), thus unifying and developing musical material
Phrase is another sentence/melody in music
Imitation is the repetition of a melody in a polyphonic texture shortly after its first
appearance in a different voice.
Basso Continuo refers to a continuous bass line with improvised harmonies in Baroque
period music. The term can also refer to the instruments that play the bass line and
harmonies, a variety of abbreviated music notation symbols called figured bass.
Clash - A sound clash is a musical competition where the music notes from opposing
sound systems pit their skills against each other, there will be a clash on the weak beat.
Polyphony - Polyphony is a type of musical texture consisting of two or more simultaneous
lines of independent melody, as opposed to a musical texture with just one voice or a
texture with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords.
Cadence - A cadence is a two-chord progression that occurs at the end of a phrase. If a
phrase ends with any chord going to V, a half cadence (HC) occurs. If a phrase ends with
any chord going to V, an imperfect cadence occurs.
Perfect Cadence - The perfect cadence is also known as the authentic cadence. It is a
progression from chord (V) to chord (I)
Imperfect Cadence - A half cadence, also known as an imperfect cadence or semicadence,
is a weak cadence that ends on V, regardless of preceding chords like (II), (ii), (vi), (IV), or
(I). It requires continuation due to its suspended or incomplete sound.
Sem - 2 Music Notes
● Listen strategically to music
● Identify (Which instruments)
● Describe (How the melody works)
● Explain (Artistic decision)
● Analyze (Hierarchy of parts)
Arpeggio - Spelling out the notes of the chords, when the notes of a chord are performed
one after the other instead of all at the same time. If the notes of a chord are broken up
and played from low to high or high to low, the chord becomes an arpeggio.
Questions
1. Identify the motifs (instruments?) Ans: Trumpet, Violin
2. Find the shape t represent each motif
3. Try to show the structure through symbols/shapes
Heterophony - the simultaneous performance of different versions of the same melody by
different voices or instruments.
Monophonic - Monophonic means using only one line of music, unaccompanied by any
other voices or instruments. Monophony is a musical texture which only uses a single layer
of melody. The melody can be performed by a single instrument, or multiple instruments.
Homophonic - Is a music refers to music that has one sound or line of melody being played
by multiple instruments at the same time. One instrument plays one note, and a second
instrument plays a note in harmony. The key element of homophonic music is that it has one
part or melody as the dominant element.
Polyphony - Polyphony is a type of musical texture consisting of two or more simultaneous
lines of independent melody, as opposed to a musical texture with just one voice or a
texture with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords.
Vikrit Swaras – Komal and Teevra
Swaras other than Achal swaras can be sung half note above or below their original
[Link] are known as Vikrit [Link] ,Ga,Dh,Ni can sung half note below and are
known as Komal Swaras. Ma is sung half note above its original note and is known as
Teevra Ma. Thus in total there are 12 swaras – 7 shudh and 5 Vikrit. Out of 5 Vikrit swaras, 4
are Komal and 1 is Teevra.
Ostinato - In music, an ostinato (ostinati for plural) is any short, perpetually repeating
rhythmic, chordal, or melodic pattern in a musical composition. Ostinati can typically repeat
throughout the entire piece of music.
Write graphic Notation of the Instruments played in the Music