University of KwaZulu Natal Computer Literacy

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MODULE NAME MODULE CODE LECTURER

Lizzy Oluwatoyi
EDCE101
Computer Literacy Ofusori
ASSIGNMENT TITLE DUE DATE

05 May 2024
Internet Research

SURNAME FIRST NAME STUDENT NUMBER

Khethiwe 224020666
Jele

DECLARATION

I declare that:
 I have read and am familiar with the University’s policy on plagiarism;
 I have checked this assignment to ensure that it contains no instances of plagiarism;
 Where the work of others has been relied upon in this assignment, it has been duly
acknowledged and clearly referenced.

SIGNATURE: KN DATE: 3 May 2024

224020666, Khethiwe Jele Lizzy Oluwatoyin Ofusori

University of KwaZulu Natal Computer Literacy

Climate
of India

Abstract
This research briefly conducted to know the climate of India, how people from India live with the conditions of their country. It
aims to give clarity for people who want to go to India for vacations and other activities. India is one of the largest countries
of in South Asia with 28 provinces and 7 territories. It is bounded by Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea.

Introduction
Climate is defined as weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period (Oxford Languages). Attri and
Tyagi, (2010) stated that India is a home to an extraordinary variety of climatic regions, ranging from tropical in the south to
temperature and alpine in the Himalayan north, where elevated regions receive sustained winter snowfall. The country is
influenced by two seasons of rains, accompanied by seasonal reversal of winds from January to July. During the winters, dry
and cold air blowing from the northerly latitudes from a north-easterly direction prevails over the Indian region.

According to Ramesh and Yadava, (2005) India is largely dependent upon rain-fed agriculture, availability is one of the
foremost concerns for the future this is because most of Indian plains receives 80% of their annual quota of rain from the
southwest monsoon during the four months, June to September.

Methods
Attri and Tyagi, (2010) further explained that the India variation in climate is perhaps greater than any other area of similar
size in the world and that the rainfall over India has large spatial as well as temporal variability. A homogeneous data series
has been constructed for the period 1901-2003 based on the uniform network of 1476 stations and analyzed the variability
and trends of rainfall. Normal rainfall (in cm) pattern of the country for the four seasons and annual are depicted in Fig 1 and
Fig 2 respectively. Normal monsoon rainfall more than 150cm is being observed over most parts of northeast India, Konkan
& Goa. Normal monsoon rainfall is more than 400cm over major parts of Meghalaya. Annual rainfall is more than 200 cm
over these regions.

 Winter Season / Cold Weather Season (January and February)

224020666, Khethiwe Jele Lizzy Oluwatoyin Ofusori

University of KwaZulu Natal Computer Literacy

India Meteorological Department (IMD) has categorised the months of January and February in winter season. However,
December can be included in this season for north-western parts of the country. This season starts in early December 3
associated with clear skies, fine weather, light northerly winds, low humidity and temperatures, and large daytime variations
of temperature. The cold air mass extending from the Siberian region, has profound influence on the Indian subcontinent (at
least all of the north and most of central India) during these months. The mean air temperatures increase from north to south
up to 17°N, the decrease being sharp as one moves northwards in the north-western parts of the country. The mean
temperatures vary from 14 °C to 27°C during January. The mean daily minimum temperatures range from 22 °C in the
extreme south, to 10 °C in the northern plains and 6 °C in Punjab. The rains during this season generally occur over the
western Himalayas, the extreme north-eastern parts, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Western disturbances and associated trough
in westerlies are main rain bearing system in northern and eastern parts of the country.

 Pre-monsoon season/ Summer season/ Hot weather season/ Thunderstorm season

(March, April, and May)
The temperatures start to increase all over the country in March and by April, the interior parts of the peninsula record mean
daily temperatures of 30-35 °C. Central Indian land mass becomes hot with daytime maximum temperatures reaching about
40°C at many locations. Many stations in Gujarat, North Maharashtra, Rajasthan and North Madhya Pradesh exhibit high
day-time and low night-time temperatures during this season. The range of the daytime maximum and night-time minimum
temperatures in found more than 15 °C at many stations in these States. Maximum temperatures rise sharply exceeding 45
°C by the end of May and early June resulting in harsh summers in the north and north-west regions of the country.

 South-west Monsoon/ Summer Monsoon (June, July, August and September)

The SW monsoon is the most significant feature of the Indian climate. The season is spread over four months, but the actual
period at a particular place depends on onset and withdrawal dates. It varies from less than 75 days over West Rajasthan, to
more than 120 days over the south-western regions of the country contributing to about 75% of the annual rainfall.

 Post-monsoon or Northeast monsoon or Retreating SW Monsoon season (October,

November and December)
North-East (NE) monsoon or Post-monsoon season is transition season associated with the establishment of the north-
easterly wind regime over the Indian subcontinent. Meteorological subdivisions namely Coastal Andhra Pradesh
Rayalaseema , Tamil Nadu, Kerala and South Interior Karnataka receive good amount of rainfall accounting for about 35%
of their annual total in these months. Many parts of Tamil Nadu and some parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka receive
rainfall during this season due to the storms forming in the Bay of Bengal. Large scale losses to life and property occur due
to heavy rainfall, strong winds and storm surge in the coastal regions. The day temperatures start falling sharply all over the
country. The mean temperatures over north-western parts of the country show decline from about 38°C in October to 28°C
in November.

224020666, Khethiwe Jele Lizzy Oluwatoyin Ofusori

University of KwaZulu Natal Computer Literacy

[Link]

Conclusion
With this evidence we can conclude that countries from different continents have different climate. The most period for
summer vacations in India is between March, April and May.

Searching Engines:
 Chrome
 Google scholar
 Wikipedia

224020666, Khethiwe Jele Lizzy Oluwatoyin Ofusori

University of KwaZulu Natal Computer Literacy

List of references
1. Attri, S., & Tyagi, A., (2010). Climate Profile Of India.
Government of India Ministry of Earth
Sciences India Meteorological Department.
[Link]
India/links/59eddeb3a6fdccbbefd20baa/[Link]
2. Oxford Languages
3. Ramesh, R., & Yadava, M., (2005). Climate and water resources of India. Current Science.
89(5). Pg. 818-824. [Link]

224020666, Khethiwe Jele Lizzy Oluwatoyin Ofusori