Fluid Mechanics Problem Set 2024
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mohamedalaas103Fluid Mechanics Problem Set 2024
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mohamedalaas103Common questions
Powered by AIThe torque required to rotate the cylinder is affected by the viscosity of the oil, which decreases with temperature increase. Originally, torque T = [ηωπd²L]/(60×0.2), where η is viscosity, ω is angular speed (30 rad/s), d is diameter difference, and L is length (200 mm). When temperature changes from 20°C to 80°C, viscosity lowers (as indicated by SAE 10 oil properties), thus reducing T. The percentage change is [(T_initial - T_final)/T_initial] × 100%.
The block's terminal velocity is determined by balancing gravitational force component parallel to the incline and viscous drag. The viscous drag depends on oil viscosity (SAE 30 at 60°F), and shear force acting over block's oil contact area (0.1m²). Analyzing balance, where gravitational force (Wsin(θ)) equals viscous force (ηv/h, with h as gap and η from oil table), formulates v_terminal.
The force P required to pull the shaft is derived from the shear force formula τ = η(v/d), where η is dynamic viscosity calculated from kinematic viscosity (8.0 x 10⁻⁴ m²/s) by multiplying with fluid density (specific gravity 0.91 times water density), v is velocity (3 m/s), and d is gap width (0.3 mm). Using F = τA with A as shaft surface area in contact, the force can be computed.
To calculate the plate's weight, we apply the formula derived from balancing the viscous force against the gravitational force on the plate. The viscous force exerted by the oil is F = ηA(v/d), where η is the dynamic viscosity (0.15 kg/m.s), A is the area (1 m²), v is the velocity (0.4 m/s), and d is the distance between the plates minus the plate thickness (2.5 mm - 0.5 mm). The gravitational force is equivalent to the weight of the plate. By setting the viscous force equal to the weight (mg), we solve for the weight W = F = ηA(v/d). Inserting the values gives W = 0.15 * 1 * (0.4 / 0.004), yielding the plate weight.
Shear stress τ can be calculated using τ = η(dv/dy), where η is water viscosity at given conditions, and dv/dy is derivative from velocity profile with U = 2 m/s. Direction is tangential to incline, opposite to flow. Calculating this from supplied profile and conditions yields both magnitude and flow-induced stress direction.
The spacing can be calculated using the inclined surface and the equilibrium between gravitational and viscous forces. The viscous force is τA = η(v/d), where τ is the shear stress, η is the viscosity (0.05 Ns/m²), v is the velocity (2 cm/s), and d is the spacing. The gravitational component parallel to the incline is Wsin(θ), where W is the board's weight (25 N) and θ is the angle of the slope (20°). Setting τA = Wsin(θ) and solving gives d.
To determine where the oil velocity is zero, one must analyze the linear velocity distribution in both oil layers. The velocity profile can be represented as two linear equations due to the different velocities of the plates (3 m/s for the moving plate and 0.3 m/s for the stationary plate). The velocity is zero where these lines intersect. Solving these equations provides the position of zero velocity. To calculate the necessary force to pull the plate, the shear force formula F = τA is used, where τ is the shear stress (η(du/dy)), du/dy is the velocity gradient obtained from the velocity profile, and A is the plate area. Using given values, the force can be determined.