Rigorous Distillation Stage Calculations
Rigorous Distillation Stage Calculations
Roll no.-PA-27
Subject- Refinery Process Design
Experiment no.-4
Rigorous Distillation
Aim: To calculate the number of stages for a multicomponent distillation column using rigorous
distillation method.
1. Compounds: Benzene and Toluene, Flow rate 100 kmol/hr, P = 1 atm, Mole fractions
of Benzene = 0.4 and Toluene = 0.6. Reflux ratio = 1.4 times the minimum. Product
Distillate xD = 0.99 and Bottoms xB = 0.01. To determine minimum number of stages,
actual number of stages, optimal feed location, condenser duty and reboiler duty.
2. Compounds: Ethanol and Water, Flow rate 100 kmol/hr, P = 1 atm, Mole fractions of
Ethanol: 0.5 and water = 0.5. Reflux ratio = 1.5 times the minimum. Product Distillate
xD = 0.99 and Bottoms xB = 0.01. To determine minimum number of stages, actual
number of stages, optimal feed location, condenser duty and reboiler duty.
Ans. Minimum Reflux Ratio 2.00625
Minimum Number of Stages 13.5817
Actual Number of Stages 23.6319
3. The feed to a butane pentane splitter of the following composition is to be fractionated
into a distillate product containing 95% of the n-butane contained in the feed and a
bottoms product containing 95% of the iso-pentane in the feed. The reflux ratio for the
fractionation will be 1.3(Lo/D)min and the column pressure will be 100 psia at the top
plate. The reflux and the feed are at their bubble point temperatures. Determine the
equilibrium stages by short cut method.
Component Mole fraction in
Feed
i-C4 0.06
n-C4 0.17
i-C5 0.32
n-C5 0.45
Ans. Minimum Reflux Ratio 2.45489
Comments:
Feed
Material Stream
Object:
Type:
Property Value
Temperature 95.2199 C
Pressure 1 atm
Benzene 0.4
Toluene 0.6
Benzene 0.622214
Toluene 0.377786
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Density (Vapor) 0 kg/m3
Comments:
Benzene 0.4
Toluene 0.6
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Benzene 0.4
Toluene 0.6
Benzene 0
Toluene 0
Benzene 0
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Toluene 0
Benzene 0
Toluene 0
Object: Distillate
Type: Material Stream
Comments:
Temperature 80.7218 C
Pressure 1 atm
Benzene 0.972637
Toluene 0.0273627
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Benzene 0
Toluene 0
Comments:
Benzene 0.972637
Toluene 0.0273627
Benzene 0.972637
Toluene 0.0273627
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Density (Liquid 1) 814.505 kg/m3
Benzene 0
Toluene 0
Benzene 0
Toluene 0
Benzene 0
Toluene 0
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Object: Bottom
Type: Material Stream
Property Value
Comments:
Temperature 109.936 C
Pressure 1 atm
Benzene 0.01
Toluene 0.99
Benzene 0
Toluene 0
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Specific Enthalpy (Vapor) 0 kJ/kg
Comments:
Benzene 0.01
Toluene 0.99
Benzene 0.01
Toluene 0.99
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Molar Enthalpy (Liquid 1) -23041.1 kJ/kmol
Benzene 0
Toluene 0
Benzene 0
Toluene 0
Benzene 0
Toluene 0
Object: C-duty
Type: Energy Stream
Property Value
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DWSIM v.8.6 Title: MySimulation_52
Comments:
R-Duty
Object: Energy Stream
Type:
Property Value
DCOL-1
Object: Distillation Column
Type:
Property Value
Number of Stages 19
Stage_Pressure_1 1 atm
Stage_Pressure_2 1 atm
Stage_Pressure_3 1 atm
Stage_Pressure_4 1 atm
Stage_Pressure_5 1 atm
Stage_Pressure_6 1 atm
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Stage_Pressure_7 1 atm
Stage_Pressure_8 1 atm
Stage_Pressure_9 1 atm
Stage_Pressure_10 1 atm
Stage_Pressure_11 1 atm
Stage_Pressure_12 1 atm
Stage_Pressure_13 1 atm
Stage_Pressure_14 1 atm
Stage_Pressure_15 1 atm
Stage_Pressure_16 1 atm
Stage_Pressure_17 1 atm
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Comments:
Stage_Pressure_18 1 atm
Stage_Pressure_19 1 atm
Stage_Efficiency_1 1
Stage_Efficiency_2 1
Stage_Efficiency_3 1
Stage_Efficiency_4 1
Stage_Efficiency_5 1
Stage_Efficiency_6 1
Stage_Efficiency_7 1
Stage_Efficiency_8 1
Stage_Efficiency_9 1
Stage_Efficiency_10 1
Stage_Efficiency_11 1
Stage_Efficiency_12 1
Stage_Efficiency_13 1
Stage_Efficiency_14 1
Stage_Efficiency_15 1
Stage_Efficiency_16 1
Stage_Efficiency_17 1
Stage_Efficiency_18 1
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Stage_Efficiency_19 1
Stage_Temperature_1 80.7218 C
Stage_Temperature_2 81.5732 C
Stage_Temperature_3 82.9696 C
Stage_Temperature_4 85.0324 C
Stage_Temperature_5 87.667 C
Stage_Temperature_6 90.4919 C
Stage_Temperature_7 93.0257 C
Stage_Temperature_8 94.9712 C
Stage_Temperature_9 96.2994 C
Stage_Temperature_10 97.1365 C
Stage_Temperature_11 98.9434 C
Stage_Temperature_12 101.027 C
Stage_Temperature_13 103.174 C
Stage_Temperature_14 105.151 C
Stage_Temperature_15 106.79 C
Stage_Temperature_16 108.039 C
Stage_Temperature_17 108.93 C
Comments:
Stage_Temperature_18 109.537 C
Stage_Temperature_19 109.936 C
Condenser_Specification_Value 2.317
Global_Stage_Efficiency G6
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Condenser_Calculated_Value 2.317
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Comments:
Feed
Material Stream
Object:
Type:
Property Value
Temperature 79.8232 C
Ethanol 0.5
Water 0.5
Ethanol 0.655648
Water 0.344352
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Density (Vapor) 0 kg/m3
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Comments:
Ethanol 0.5
Water 0.5
Ethanol 0.5
Water 0.5
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Volumetric Flow (Liquid 1) 3.83532 m3/h
Ethanol 0
Water 0
Ethanol 0
Water 0
Ethanol 0
Water 0
Object: Distillate
Type: Material Stream
Comments:
Temperature 79.8231 C
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Mass Flow 3204.19 kg/h
Ethanol 0.5
Water 0.5
Ethanol 0
Water 0
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Comments:
Ethanol 0.5
Water 0.5
Ethanol 0.5
Water 0.5
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Mass Fraction (Liquid 1) 1
Ethanol 0
Water 0
Ethanol 0
Water 0
Ethanol 0
Water 0
Object: Bottom
Type: Material Stream
Property Value
Comments:
Temperature 99.9823 C
Ethanol 1.13804E-13
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Water 1
Ethanol 0
Water 0
Comments:
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Volumetric Fraction (Vapor) 0
Ethanol 1.13804E-13
Water 1
Ethanol 1.13804E-13
Water 1
Ethanol 0
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Water 0
Ethanol 0
Water 0
Ethanol 0
Water 0
Object: C-duty
Type: Energy Stream
Property Value
Comments:
R-duty Energy
Object: Stream
Type:
Property Value
DCOL-1
Object: Distillation Column
Type:
Property Value
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Condenser Pressure Drop 0 bar
Number of Stages 24
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Comments:
Stage_Efficiency_1 1
Stage_Efficiency_2 1
Stage_Efficiency_3 1
Stage_Efficiency_4 1
Stage_Efficiency_5 1
Stage_Efficiency_6 1
Stage_Efficiency_7 1
Stage_Efficiency_8 1
Stage_Efficiency_9 1
Stage_Efficiency_10 1
Stage_Efficiency_11 1
Stage_Efficiency_12 1
Stage_Efficiency_13 1
Stage_Efficiency_14 1
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Stage_Efficiency_15 1
Stage_Efficiency_16 1
Stage_Efficiency_17 1
Stage_Efficiency_18 1
Stage_Efficiency_19 1
Stage_Efficiency_20 1
Stage_Efficiency_21 1
Stage_Efficiency_22 1
Stage_Efficiency_23 1
Stage_Efficiency_24 1
Stage_Temperature_1 79.8231 C
Stage_Temperature_2 84.4072 C
Stage_Temperature_3 92.3255 C
Stage_Temperature_4 94.5245 C
Stage_Temperature_5 94.7877 C
Stage_Temperature_6 94.8152 C
Stage_Temperature_7 94.8181 C
Comments:
Stage_Temperature_8 94.8183 C
Stage_Temperature_9 94.8184 C
Stage_Temperature_10 94.8184 C
Stage_Temperature_11 94.8184 C
Stage_Temperature_12 94.8184 C
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Stage_Temperature_13 94.8184 C
Stage_Temperature_14 99.387 C
Stage_Temperature_15 99.9256 C
Stage_Temperature_16 99.977 C
Stage_Temperature_17 99.9822 C
Stage_Temperature_18 99.9823 C
Stage_Temperature_19 99.9823 C
Stage_Temperature_20 99.9823 C
Stage_Temperature_21 99.9823 C
Stage_Temperature_22 99.9823 C
Stage_Temperature_23 99.9823 C
Stage_Temperature_24 99.9823 C
Condenser_Specification_Value 2
Global_Stage_Efficiency G6
Condenser_Calculated_Value 2
Comments:
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Feed
Material Stream
Object:
Type:
Property Value
Temperature 88.6279 C
Isobutane 0.06
N-butane 0.17
Isopentane 0.32
N-pentane 0.45
Isobutane 0.13906
N-butane 0.300116
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Isopentane 0.260053
N-pentane 0.300771
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Comments:
Isobutane 0.06
N-butane 0.17
Isopentane 0.32
N-pentane 0.45
Isobutane 0.06
N-butane 0.17
Isopentane 0.32
N-pentane 0.45
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Molar Enthalpy (Liquid 1) -12132.4 kJ/kmol
Isobutane 0
N-butane 0
Comments:
Isopentane 0
N-pentane 0
Isobutane 0
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N-butane 0
Isopentane 0
N-pentane 0
Isobutane 0
N-butane 0
Isopentane 0
N-pentane 0
Distillate Material
Object: Stream
Type:
Property Value
Temperature 0.757755 C
Isobutane 0.234146
N-butane 0.520767
Isopentane 0.161905
N-pentane 0.0831819
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Specific Enthalpy (Mixture) -413.54 kJ/kg
Isobutane 0
N-butane 0
Isopentane 0
Comments:
N-pentane 0
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Volumetric Flow (Vapor) 0 m3/h
Isobutane 0.234146
N-butane 0.520767
Isopentane 0.161905
N-pentane 0.0831819
Isobutane 0.234146
N-butane 0.520767
Isopentane 0.161905
N-pentane 0.0831819
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DWSIM v.8.6 Title: MySimulation_58
Comments:
Isobutane 0
N-butane 0
Isopentane 0
N-pentane 0
Isobutane 0
N-butane 0
Isopentane 0
N-pentane 0
Isobutane 0
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N-butane 0
Isopentane 0
N-pentane 0
Bottom
Object: Material Stream
Type:
Property Value
Temperature 26.6939 C
Isobutane 0.0161093
N-butane 0.0815944
Isopentane 0.359845
Comments:
N-pentane 0.542451
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Molar Entropy (Mixture) -74.9425 kJ/[kmol.K]
Isobutane 0
N-butane 0
Isopentane 0
N-pentane 0
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Molar Fraction (Overall Liquid)
Isobutane 0.0161093
N-butane 0.0815944
Isopentane 0.359845
N-pentane 0.542451
Isobutane 0.0161093
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Comments:
N-butane 0.0815944
Isopentane 0.359845
N-pentane 0.542451
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Isobutane 0
N-butane 0
Isopentane 0
N-pentane 0
Isobutane 0
N-butane 0
Isopentane 0
N-pentane 0
Isobutane 0
N-butane 0
Isopentane 0
N-pentane 0
Object: C-duty
Type: Energy Stream
Comments:
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R-duty Energy
Object: Stream
Type:
Property Value
DCOL-1
Object: Distillation Column
Type:
Property Value
Number of Stages 12
Stage_Efficiency_1 1
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Stage_Efficiency_2 1
Stage_Efficiency_3 1
Stage_Efficiency_4 1
Stage_Efficiency_5 1
Comments:
Stage_Efficiency_6 1
Stage_Efficiency_7 1
Stage_Efficiency_8 1
Stage_Efficiency_9 1
Stage_Efficiency_10 1
Stage_Efficiency_11 1
Stage_Efficiency_12 1
Stage_Temperature_1 0.757755 C
Stage_Temperature_2 10.0019 C
Stage_Temperature_3 17.97 C
Stage_Temperature_4 22.4218 C
Stage_Temperature_5 24.4624 C
Stage_Temperature_6 24.4663 C
Stage_Temperature_7 24.4753 C
Stage_Temperature_8 24.4977 C
Stage_Temperature_9 24.5562 C
Stage_Temperature_10 24.72 C
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Stage_Temperature_11 25.2058 C
Stage_Temperature_12 26.6939 C
Condenser_Specification_Value 2.45
Global_Stage_Efficiency G6
Condenser_Calculated_Value 2.45
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Comments:
Feed
Material Stream
Object:
Type:
Property Value
Temperature 79.628 C
Propane 0.05
Isobutane 0.15
Isopentane 0.25
N-butane 0.25
N-pentane 0.3
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Molar Fraction (Vapor)
Propane 0.186366
Isobutane 0.240906
Isopentane 0.136433
N-butane 0.303007
N-pentane 0.133289
Comments:
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Molar Fraction (Vapor) 0
Propane 0.05
Isobutane 0.15
Isopentane 0.25
N-butane 0.25
N-pentane 0.3
Propane 0.05
Isobutane 0.15
Isopentane 0.25
N-butane 0.25
N-pentane 0.3
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Heat Capacity (Liquid 1) 2.78401 kJ/[kg.K]
Comments:
Propane 0
Isobutane 0
Isopentane 0
N-butane 0
N-pentane 0
Propane 0
Isobutane 0
Isopentane 0
N-butane 0
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N-pentane 0
Propane 0
Isobutane 0
Isopentane 0
N-butane 0
N-pentane 0
Distillate Material
Object: Stream
Type:
Property Value
Temperature 3.4979 C
Propane 0.05
Isobutane 0.15
Isopentane 0.25
N-butane 0.25
N-pentane 0.3
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Specific Enthalpy (Mixture) -407.288 kJ/kg
Comments:
Propane 0
Isobutane 0
Isopentane 0
N-butane 0
N-pentane 0
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Mass Flow (Vapor) 0 kg/h
Propane 0.05
Isobutane 0.15
Isopentane 0.25
N-butane 0.25
N-pentane 0.3
Propane 0.05
Isobutane 0.15
Isopentane 0.25
Comments:
N-butane 0.25
N-pentane 0.3
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Specific Enthalpy (Liquid 1) -407.288 kJ/kg
Propane 0
Isobutane 0
Isopentane 0
N-butane 0
N-pentane 0
Propane 0
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Isobutane 0
Isopentane 0
N-butane 0
N-pentane 0
Propane 0
Isobutane 0
Isopentane 0
N-butane 0
N-pentane 0
Object: Bottom
Comments:
Temperature 35.7037 C
Propane 3.6702E-11
Isobutane 2.94602E-07
Isopentane 0.0381028
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N-butane 8.60213E-06
N-pentane 0.961888
Propane 0
Isobutane 0
Isopentane 0
N-butane 0
N-pentane 0
Comments:
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Molar Flow (Vapor) 0 kmol/h
Propane 3.6702E-11
Isobutane 2.94602E-07
Isopentane 0.0381028
N-butane 8.60213E-06
N-pentane 0.961888
Propane 3.6702E-11
Isobutane 2.94602E-07
Isopentane 0.0381028
N-butane 8.60213E-06
N-pentane 0.961888
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Molar Entropy (Liquid 1) -77.6617 kJ/[kmol.K]
Comments:
Propane 0
Isobutane 0
Isopentane 0
N-butane 0
N-pentane 0
Propane 0
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Isobutane 0
Isopentane 0
N-butane 0
N-pentane 0
Propane 0
Isobutane 0
Isopentane 0
N-butane 0
N-pentane 0
C-duty Energy
Object: Stream
Type:
Property Value
R-duty Energy
Object: Stream
Type:
Property Value
DCOL-1
Object: Distillation Column
Type:
Property Value
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Condenser Duty 2540 kW
Number of Stages 15
Comments:
Stage_Efficiency_1 1
Stage_Efficiency_2 1
Stage_Efficiency_3 1
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Stage_Efficiency_4 1
Stage_Efficiency_5 1
Stage_Efficiency_6 1
Stage_Efficiency_7 1
Stage_Efficiency_8 1
Stage_Efficiency_9 1
Stage_Efficiency_10 1
Stage_Efficiency_11 1
Stage_Efficiency_12 1
Stage_Efficiency_13 1
Stage_Efficiency_14 1
Stage_Efficiency_15 1
Stage_Temperature_1 3.4979 C
Stage_Temperature_2 21.3037 C
Stage_Temperature_3 27.4122 C
Stage_Temperature_4 29.2797 C
Stage_Temperature_5 29.9265 C
Stage_Temperature_6 30.2075 C
Stage_Temperature_7 30.3596 C
Comments:
Stage_Temperature_8 30.4542 C
Stage_Temperature_9 33.4927 C
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Stage_Temperature_10 34.5361 C
Stage_Temperature_11 35.0021 C
Stage_Temperature_12 35.2728 C
Stage_Temperature_13 35.4591 C
Stage_Temperature_14 35.5977 C
Stage_Temperature_15 35.7037 C
Condenser_Specification_Value 2.5
Global_Stage_Efficiency G6
Condenser_Calculated_Value 2.5
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