PROJECT woRK 4 Consumer Awareness (Consumer Rights) 3 Social Issues Sustainable Developmentconsumer Awareness We participate in the market both as producers and consumers. As producers of goods and services WE could be working in any of the sectors such as agriculture, industry or service, Consumers participate in the market when they chase goods and services that they need. We need to assess the students on the following topics: (i) Need of rules and regulations for the 4 , '’ x protection of the consumers in the : market place. (ii) Ways of exploitation of consumers in the market. (ii) Markets do not work in a fair manner when producers are few and powerful wher consumers purchase in small amounts and are scattered. pur (iv) Why Consumer Movements started in India. (v) Origin of Consumer Movement in India. (vi) COPRA (Consumers Protection Act) 1986. (vii) Right to Safety. (vill) Right to be Informed (ix) Right to Information. (x) Right to Choose. (xi) Right to seek redressal. (xii) Spread to Consumer Awareness. (xii) Organisation that monitors and issues quality certificates to producers of various goods. (xiv) Consumers redressal process is becoming complex. Cont sents Consumer Awareness: Need of Rules and Regulations () Consumers find them in weaker position. (i) Seller shifts responsibility of complaint on the buyers. (iii) Sellers or producers are dominating, Project Work 489 =Exploitation in the Marketplace: (i) Traders indulge in unfair trade practices: (ii) Weigh less. (iii) Charge more than MRP. (iv) Sell adulterated or defective goods. Market does not work in Fair Manner: (i) Rich or big companies manipulate the market in various ways. (ii) False information is passed through media. (iii) Attract Consumers by using celebrities. Why did Consumer Movement start in India? (i) No legal system available to protect pence 9 Dlacesamepe ne consumers. Bore Stuns fade (iii) Responsibility of the consumer to be careful while buying a commodity or *™%% oy Spree service. “68, (iv) It took many years in India to create ontop, PPB Ne Consumer Awareness. Marien See : (v) It has shifted the responsibility of Sorat ensuring quality of goods and services on the sellers, (ii) Consumers initially avoided the ( 9 an products they didn't want or like. ZL Onsy "Jc, Origin of Consumer Movement in India (i) It originated with the need to protect and Promote the interest of consumers against unethical and unfair trade practices. (li) Rampant food shortage, hoarding, black marketing, adulteration of food and edible oi gave birth to consumer movement in the 1960's. (iii) Till 1970's articles were written and exhibitions were held for Consumer Awareness (iv) Consumer groups were formed to look into malpractices in ration shop and overcrowding in road passenger transport. (v) More groups came up. COPRA An Act was passed in 1986 by the Indian Government called Consumer Protection Act 1986, Popularly known as COPRA. Following Consumer Rights under COPRA: coated| 0 safety Cl nsumers have the right to bu and property 'y goods and services which are not hazardous to lif us to life . ers need to s' produc trictly follow the required safety ruk ‘ adefective product can cause serious accident. Yesane eauanons ) r ii find bad quality produ jw we" y products in the market because supervision of these rul ules is weak ght 1° be informed 0 Need of details on the packing, fi) ingredients used, price, batch no., date of manufacture, expiry dat " ie ant manufactures are needed. icines dir 7 irects to use, side effects and risks associated with usage \d address of (i) On medi written. should be On Garments, washing instructions. Ww (v) Consumers have the right to be informed (wi if information IS not correctly given, they can complain and ask for replacement. (ui) More than the MRP mentioned should not be demanded RT i) Recently the Right to Information has been expanded to cover various services provided by the government. (ii) In Oct 2005, the Government of India enacted a law popularly known as RTI or Right to Information Act. | 3. Right to Choose ' () Any consumer who receives @ service in whatever capacity, has the ie we choose. jot wan"! (ji) Nobody can force @ consumer to buy anything which he does " exploitation. air practices and 4, Right to Seek Redressal ast unt i () It's aright of a consumer t seek resress or toget compensation (ii) tf any damage is proven. consumer has the "9 Consumer Forum i councils . (i) They are also called consumer protection g in the cons uns (i) They guide consumers 0” how to file — ament fo" eatin he gO | support from tl (ii) They receive financial 5. Right to Represent (i) The Act has enabled us courts. as consumers(ii) Three-tier quasi judicial courts (a) District Court — Claims upto @ 20 lakh (b) State level Court — Between % 20 lakh and 1 crore. (c)_ National level Court ~ Exceeding ® 1 crore Logos of Standardisation (i) This mark is used for electronic goods: (ii) It is used for edible products (iii) used for jewellery (iv) These logos and ratification help consumers get assured of quality while purchasing the goods and services. (v) Though these organisations develop Bis Hallmark 1st mark Ager quality standards for many products. It is not compulsory for all producers to follow standards. (vi) But for certain products that affect health and safety of consumers, it is manda the part of producers to get certified by these organisations. National Consumer Day (i) 24th December is celebrated as National Consumer Day in India every year. (i) It was on this day, Consumer Protection Act 1986 was enacted NATIONAL Problems faced by this New System of Consumer Courts (i) Consumer redressal process is becoming cumbersome, expensive 4° u consuming. (|) Many a times consumers had to engage lawyers. (ili) There cases require time for filing and attending the court proceedings (iv) In most cases, cash memos are not issued therefore no evidence of purchase (v) Existing laws are not very clear on the issue of compensation to consumers (vi) Enforcernent of laws protecting workers is weak ; (vil) Rules and regulations for working of markets are often not followed Viovement can be effective only with consumers’ active Inv 492 Xam idea Social Science-X yw ee “ay0) : anyone of the following projects can be assigned to th he student: ,(praject should be handwritten) dents + prepare a project report on the need of rules and fegulations Jace. ® requited in a marke 2, inyour day to day life, quote example how market place. You were exploited as a consumer in the 3, Prepare a project report on the origin of Consum suitable examples and pictures ‘er Movement in India with the he pot ‘4, How as a consumer you Can express your solid: larity help of suitable example and illustration. 'y, Prepare a project report with the ray Describe all the rights of a consumer with suitable examples and illustration Prepare suitable catchy slogans for the spread of consumer awareness in the country. Collect the ads of Jago Grahak Jago and mention how yo u have abi: ‘Advertisement in your life. 7 ne ano @ Interview 4-5 persons in your neighbourhood and collect varied experiences regarding how they have been victims of consumer exploitation and their response. Conduct a survey in your colony by preparing a suitable questionnaire of about 20 questions, to get an idea as to how alert they are as consumers: 10. Collect any consumer court cases given in the newspapers and write the impact of those cases on the unaware consumers. 11. Prepare a street play on enriching the common people on Consumer ‘Awareness. oe VIVA questions 1. What is COPRA? 2. Who are consumers? 3. Name two certification marks of International standardisation . 4, Give an example to prove how big companies can manipulate market with wealth and power. 5. What is MRP? 6. What information is needed on packaged food? 7. What are consumer forums? 5 8. Asa consumer what you need to know while buying medicines 9, What are claim limits of consumer court cases? : nsumers 1 10. Give an example of a catchy advertisement to attract col 1=_ Social Issues , illiteracy Poverty / Unemployment and Populatio’ Child Abuse, Child Labour Violence against women Casteism, Communalism, Regionalism n Growth vy vy = Gender division Illiteracy _ Itis the inability to read or write. Most frequent causes of illiteracy in adults are having parents with little or no. schooling, ¢ — Itcan bea learning disability. «Poverty is also one of the reasons. ¢ Lack of schools in Rural areas. * Drops outs from the school Consequences of Illiteracy * Unable to find suitable jobs. Lower Income + © — Lower quality jobs © Lowstandard of living © Low Self Esteem * Ignorance in health matter of the family . Higher the Illiteracy rate, slower the €conomic growth of a country. Poverty boy peel is the state of being extremely poor. erty means hunger and lack of shelter, * Asituation in which Parents are unable to afford to send their children to school 494[ poverty also means lack of clean water and sanitation facilities also means lack of @ regular job at a minimum decent level _t indicators of Poverty a oy iteracy level anf faa <) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA | Mei Sati. (niger autonomous recion) ji) Lack of access to health care a i > AE Hd iv) Lack of job opportunities. . (v) Lack of access to safe drinking water. @ tack of general resistance due to «, * malnutrition. overty Line » It is a common method used to measure poverty based on income or consumption level. Poverty line may vary with time and place. While determining poverty line in India a minimum level of food requirement, clothing, footwear, fuel, educational and medical requirements, etc. are determined for sustenance The surveys are carried out by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). Vulnerable Groups. * Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribe Rural agricultural labour households ® Urban casual labour household Cause of Poverty Low level of economic development from British rule tl present times High growth rate of POPUlatN ount : Is ws rg is — ey en implemented properly and effectively Ss. 5 Sat Sete Anti Py suavantee Act u ie on uehete Gandhi National Rural Employment Guaran ee - MGNREGA: Mahatma 2. NEWP: National Food for Work Programme oooee?e* 3. PMRY: Prime Minister Rozgar Yozna 4. REGP: Rural Employment Generation Programme 5. SGSY: Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgat YON? 6. AAY Antyodaya Anna Yoina wth Unemployment and Population Gro' d to exist when people mT : i | ) ural field. This usually happens among Unemployment Is _ who are willing to work atthe given wages cannot UNE P i Seasonal Unemployment: It happens when» A > are not able to find jobs during some Ge s of the year People dependent on Sulture usually face such kind of problem Disquised Unemployment: In it people al ly members engaged in agricultural activity. The work requires the service of fj € of fiv find jobs. T Unemployment in Rural Areas yy to be employed. They work in their own aged eight people, therefore three extra people are disguisedly employed. Types of Unemployment in Urban Areas cated unemployment: Many youth who are educated and i ualifie to s unemployment among technically, qualified persons on one os pares ston , ere is dea ical skills required for economic growth on the other hand. pact of Unemployment (i) Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resource. (ii) There is a feeling of hopelessness and despair among youth. tii) ae cannot support their families, oe ed unemployed is a great social (iv) pre be erce of the unemployed wim wena population increases. Peres iareateoian individual as ety is adversely affected. Government's Efforts (i) Dam i Puce can be built to provide employment 0: . Gi) Bank ads, facilities of transportation generate employment. $ should provide loans to poor farmers for improving their far ming = 496 Xam idea Social Science-Xsy opening up cold storages could give an opportunity for farmers to store their products Lud jike potatoes and onions and selj them when Price is good more Schools and Health Centr € to be built in rural areas generating employment \Y jpportunities for many. yj) Tourism Industry should be encouraged wi) (wil) Loans should be provided in rural and urban areas to start their own business. vld Labour, Child Abuse chi child Labour these are about 200 million children in the grool going age group. Out of this only two thirds es attending schools. The rest are Not-they may te at home or many of them may be working as sid labours to support their family income. ° As per the Child Labour Act, 1986, amend 2016, a child is defined as any person below the age of 15 and the CLPR Act prohibits employment of a child in any employment including domestic help. Itis a criminal offence to employ a child for any work. Children between the age of 14 to 18 are defined as Adolescent to be employed except in the listed hazardous occupation . Notably the Constitution of India prohibits child labour in hazardous industries. Consequences of Child Labour The presence of a large number of child labourers, are regarded as a serious issue Children, who are employed at such young 898 fail to get the education and miss the chance SFattending the school. These children are then mature faster. Some of the &m faster m Child Abuse toe, 'M get into criminal activities also loney. lopment reve aly on Child Abuse in India 2007 conducted by Ministry of Women vests age ou who | ®d that Scross different kinds of abuse, it is young children in 5-12 Bae enotional abuse . k of abuse and exploitation. This involves physical, sexual as wel : Every second child reported is facing emotional abuse. More than 50% children rennet oy "eMostat rigViolence Against Women Violence against women continues to be one of the most prevalent and least recognised human rights violation in the world o Lr ODA VIOLENC Ota INDIA Dowry deaths are very common in India where brides are burnt alive for it In low income grou beating of women is a common incident which is Not even reported in India, women are tortured if they are unable to give birth toa male child. They are subjected to violence in many homes in India. In our country women still lag much behind men despite some improvement since independence. Ou male driven or Patriarchal Society. There are reports of various kinds of harassment, exploitations and violence against women They are not safe even with in their own home from beating, harassment and other forms of domestic violence. This has led to many feminist and women movements to the conclusion that unless women, control power, their problems will not get adequate attention. Casteism, Communalism Casteism ° In India only Caste System exists, oa Gas = What makes it different from other societies is that in this system, hereditary, occupational division was sanctioned by rituals Members of same caste group were supposed to form a social community that practised the same or similar occupation, married with in the caste group and did not eat with members from other caste * — Out caste groups were subjected to the inhumane Practice of insurability. ° Me peonentution Of India prohibited any caste-based discrimination and laid the oundation of policies to reverse the injustice of the caste system Communalism * — Communalism usually refers to a sys! ethnic identity lally refers to a system that is meant to construct religious oF ethni ° The most aps, Most common expression of Communalism is in everyday beliefs, prejudices stereotypes of religions comm er communities and bel 'g religion ove other religions, and belief in the superiority of one's relig| [ : | ots . e political Mobilisation on religious lines Is another fj cometimes, Communalism takes requent for tr if of Comi m massacre. India and Pakistan sutfered oor ‘ munalis gly form of c om of partition om Munal violence riots and le of the most communal riots at the time ¢ Government ;, There is NO official religion of Indian ron 2, The Constitution provides to alll indivi duals practise and propagate any religion or not to fal communities freedom to profess, Ww any. ; The Constitution prohibits discrimination on ground The Constitution allows the state to interven Is of religion ensure equality with in the religious To the matters of religion in order to 5. Ours is a secular Country, where all religions are treated equally. BO | Project - ¢ _- Highlight the cause of poverty. Compare the poverty situation of India with that of one neighbouring countries. @ What efforts are made by the government to eradicate poverty? Illustrate your answer with suitable example. Find out which states of India are poor and why? What efforts can be made, according to you, to eradicate poverty in these states. Visit any 4 poor families around your area and find out the reasons and find out the solution for it ® Read the newspaper and collect the information on poverty based news and create 2 collage of it. inindia. Prepare a project on types of unemployments we have i ment in nia © What efforts are made by the government to a sent Women in India © With the help of newspaper prepare report on nee ° ¢ Cite evidence of Cormmunalism st ane rind atthe changes whieh ean Be See ¢ Doyou think Casteism still exists 0 India? FN news reports our society today. with the helP of surveys and news ® © Child Abuse is a social enigm? prove this VIVA Questions sed in your We ever fa 1. Give any two social issues yOU have 2. What is Communalism? 3. Give any one reason of poverty: 4, What is dowry system? ‘i 5. Give name of any two poverty allevia a 6. What is child abuse? ginindi 7. From where did the caste Syste™ originate on programmesSustainable Development development means stainable sment shouldtake place without damaging and development in the present e needs of the ‘ronment, not compromise with th yenerations. stainability of development is comparatively area of knowledge in which scientists, jists, philosophers and other social ts are working together. sequences ofenvironmental degradation sspect national or state boundaries.Environmental degradation 'S the dey sources SUCH as air, water and Soi t leads to the destruction of ec terioration of the environment throu 'gh depletion of OS) tis being decades Actually Environmental does not restrict to the State boundaries, and debated over degradation National or Its Consequences are felt in the Surrounding states or Neighbouring countries and sometimes even globally, ® Acid rain, climate change, etc. are some transcontinental Issues, ®@ Today environmental all the countries. Protection is a major issue which is taken Seriously by almost @ Land degradation affects the agricultural productivity of the land as well as food security. Addition of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is responsible for increase in . temperature. It affects all the parts of the world. f Chlorofluorocarbons in atmosphere is responsible for ozone depletion. no} see f water has affected the water supply almost everywhere in the world wi @ Pollution o Pe Al piratory dise f all the ages. f Air has increased respiratory diseases in people of a re of Ai @ Pollution tion Control of Environmental Degradati e of water. eae to meet water requirements el 2. Harvesting of raw ‘er hem in river or ponds ij wai thet Ss aisiainpe inked d effluents before eee by the government j e( 4. Treating hot water an water needs to be chec f groun duce 5. Overdraining o tories andte 6. Fitting smoke stacks in the fa pe used case ener) efficiency , is can incre will 7. Instead of Coal, Oil or ° uld be redesigned (0 mic develope" hinery sho! cond! 8. Almost all mac! el tegration of noise. jevelo| Challenge of sustainable d ‘vironmental concerns inl pment requires !Environmental degradation IS the det €rioration of the e Vir urces SUCH as air, water and soil Avironment through depletion of tleads to the destruction of €Cosystems ang the extinction of wildlife Consequence of Environmental Degradation 9 discusseq and debated over decades nN Actually Environmental does not restrict to the State boundaries, its Consequences are felt in the Surrounding states or neighbouring Countries and sometimes even globally, degradation National or @ Acid rain, climate change, etc. are some transcontinental Issues. ®@ Today environmental all the countries. Protection is a major issue which is taken seriously by almost @ Land degradation affects the agricultural productivity of the land as well as food security. ® Addition of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is responsible for increase in temperature. It affects all the parts of the world. dition of Chlorofluorocarbons in atmosphere is responsible for ozone depletion Sate f water has affected the water supply almost everywhere in the world Pollution o P A i in people of all the ages. i iratory diseases in peop! ir has increased resp! ‘ollution of Air ° ion ‘ontrol of Environmental Degradatio ter. 1. By minimising the use of eet water requirem inwater to . Harvesting of rai a iver OF 7 of water. them inf 3. Reusing recycling and effluents before ea by the government cana water needs to be checl un! 5. Overdraining of gro 6. 7 8 ents. ponds S. in the factorie: Fitting smoke stacks in sed ncrease energy eff d to! designe nd reduce iciency al i can be U! |, Oil or gas Instead of Coal, . i Id be Almost all machinery shou! noise. Challenge of sustainable d Wvironmental concerns. with ment develo?! onomic res integration of &° re nt requi jlevelopme!Environmental degradation IS the q . eterioration of r urces such as air, water and gojj On of the environment th ough tleads to the destruction of €cOsystems ang th € extinction of wildlife Consequence of Environmental Degradation 1. Environmental degradation 'S now a global issue and itis being discusseq and debated over decades 2. Actually Environmental does not restrict to the state boundaries, its Consequences are felt in the Surrounding states or neighbouring Countries and sometimes even Globally, degradation National or * Acid rain, climate change, etc. are some transcontinental Issues. @ Today environmental all the countries. Protection is a Major issue which is taken seriously by almost @ Land degradation affects the agricultural Productivity of the land as well as food security. @ Addition of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is responsible for increase in temperature. It affects all the parts of the world @ Addition of Chlorofluorocarbons in atmosphere is responsible for ozone depletion, i llution of water has affected the water supply almost everywhere in the world Pollution Pe A incre diseases in people of all the ages it i atory dis has increased respir ‘ollution of Air ° ‘ontrol of Environmental Degradation 1. By minimising the use of water. Its. ter to meet water requiremen al nw. 2. Harvesting of rai or ponds i if water. them in river OFF Ses eal d effluents before ae by the government . n 4. Treating hot water en needs to be checke ju 5. Overdraining of gro tories. reduce 6. Fitting smoke stacks in the fa be used ce energy eficeney or gas can to increa: 7. Instead of on should be re-designed omic develope" 8. Almost all machin econ f ration © noise, ited Vv Challenge of sustainable de ‘vironmental concerns I lopment requiresEnvironmental degradation ig the deterioration of the environment through dep cS SUCH as air, water and soil letion of t leads to the destruction of £COsystems andt he extinction of wildlife. Consequence of Environmental Degradation 1. Environmental degradatio Nis now a global issue and it 'S being discusseq and debated over decades. 2. Actually Environmental does not restrict to the state boundaries, are felt in the Surrounding states or neighbouring Countries and sometimes even Globally. degradation National or its Consequences @ Acid rain, climate change, etc. are some transcontinental Issues, @ Today environmental all the countries. Protection is a major issue which is taken seriously by almost @ Land degradation affects the agricultural productivity of the land as well as food security. Addition of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is responsible for increase in . temperature. It affects all the parts of the world. f Chlorofluorocarbons in atmosphere is responsible for ozone depletion no @ Additioi f water has affected the water supply almost everywhere in the world. Pollution of w: Pr n of Air has increased respiratory in le of all the ages. f Air has i .d respiratory diseases in peop! incr re ‘ollution of Air ° tion Sontrol of Environmental Degrada' ise of water. abe een nt ter to meet water requirements. jatel pda ae ter. hem in river OF ponds . ; wal the eal d effluents before ee by the government n 2 4. Treating hot water 4 water needs to be chee i f grounaws oe 5. Overdraining o . ctories. and red’ 6. Fitting smoke stacks in the fa be used ase energy efficiency i jas can incre with eee ema should be re-designed 10 mic develorr" hinery s io 8. Almost all mac! con gration of & noise. velopt Challenge of sustainable de’ vironmental concerns ment requires InteProject: s Prepare a project on the steps to minimise environmental degradation Visit a nearby village and compare it with the city you live in for Environment degradation Make a project showing consumption and conservation of resources in /Our locality Prepare a project on how to conserve resources used in your school Suppose you live in an area where petroleum is not available, what would YOU Sugge for the different types of vehicles you can use instead Is it true that consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national state boundaries; this issue is no longer region or nation specific? How can you contribute personally to save environmental degradation? VIVA Questions 1 2 3. 4 5. 6 7 What does sustainable development mean? What kinds of pollutions are caused by vehicles? What is Noise Pollution? ‘Money cannot buy you all the comforts in life’. Do you agree? What is Acid Rain? What does Greenhouse effect mean? How can you save energy in the school?