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Temperature's Impact on Magnetism

The document discusses how temperature affects the magnetic strength of magnets. It describes an experiment where magnets were subjected to varying temperatures to test the hypothesis that colder temperatures result in stronger magnetism. The results showed that magnetism decreased as temperature increased, supporting the hypothesis.

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jagan20102007
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15 views16 pages

Temperature's Impact on Magnetism

The document discusses how temperature affects the magnetic strength of magnets. It describes an experiment where magnets were subjected to varying temperatures to test the hypothesis that colder temperatures result in stronger magnetism. The results showed that magnetism decreased as temperature increased, supporting the hypothesis.

Uploaded by

jagan20102007
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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222
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON
MAGNETIC STRENGTH
INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION
2. HYPOTHESIS
3. THEORY
4. PROCEDURE
5. OBSERVATION
6. CONCLUSION
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
Magnets are frequently used in daily life. For
example, magnets are used in manufacturing,
entertainment, security, and they play a
crucial role in the functioning of computers. Even
the earth itself is a magnet.
A magnet is any object that produces a magnetic
field. Some magnets, referred to as permanent,
hold their magnetism without an external electric
current. A magnet of this nature can be created by
exposing a piece of metal containing iron to a
number of situations (i.e. repeatedly jarring the
metal, heating to high temperature). Soft magnets,
on the other hand, are those that lose their
magnetic charge properties over time.
Additionally, paramagnetic objects are those that
can become magnetic only when in the presence of
an external magnetic field.
A magnetic field is the space surrounding a
magnet in which magnetic force is exerted. The
motion of negatively charged electrons in the
magnet determines not only the polarity, but also
the strength of the magnet (Cold magnet).

HYPOTHESIS
It is believed that the colder the magnet, the
stronger the magnetic force. Graphically, the
results will resemble an exponential curve, with
magnetic force decreasing as temperature
increases. Our independent variable is
temperature. Our dependent variable is magnetism;
this will be calculated using the amount of
paperclips that the magnetisable to collect at each
measured temperature.

MATERIALS REQUIRED
 Safety glass
 3-4 permanent bar magnets
 Tongs for magnet
 Ice
 Water
 Three strong bowls
 Small pot
 Burner for heating water or oven
 Paper clips(1000)

THOERY
Temperature affects magnetism by either
strengthening or weakening a magnet’s attractive
force. A magnet subjected to heat experiences a
reduction in its magnetic field as the particles
within the magnet are moving at an increasingly
faster and more sporadic rate.
Conversely, when the same magnet is exposed to
low temperatures, its magnetic property is
enhanced and the strength increases.
The overall strength of a magnet is measured by its
magnetic moment or, alternatively, the total
magnetic flux it produces. The local strength of
magnetism in a material is measured by
magnetization.

.PROCEDURE
COLD PROCEDURE:
[Link] paperclips inbowl
2. Situate scale near bowl.
3. Weigh magnet and record.
4. Place magnet and freezer thermometer in freezer
set to lowest temperature possible.
5. Wait approximately 20 minutes for the magnet
to reach the temperature of the freezer.
6. Record temperature read by freezer
thermometer.
7. Place magnet in bowl filled with paperclips.
8. Remove magnet and attached paperclips and
place on scale.
9. Record temperature of magnet and grams
attracted.
10. Subtract the weight of the magnet from the
weight of the magnet and the paperclips combined.
11. Remove paperclips and place back in bowl.
12. Set freezer to 5-Celsius degrees higher than
previous temperature. (Note: freezer accuracy is
dubious. Use temperature read by freezer
thermometer)
13. Repeat steps 4-12 until freezer and magnet
have reached zero degrees Celsius.

HOT PROCEDURE:
1. Place paperclips in the bowl.
2. Situate scale near bowl.
3. Weighmagnetand record.
4. Place magnet in oven set to highest temperature
possible.
5. Wait approximately 20 minutes forthe magnetto
reach the temperature of the oven.
6. Place magnet in bowl filled with paperclips.
7. Remove magnet and attached paperclips and
place on scale.
8. Record temperature of magnet and grams
attracted.
9. Subtractthe weight of the magnet from the
weight of the magnet and the paperclips combined.
10. Remove paperclips and place back in bowl.
11. Allow magnet to rest for 5 minutes
undisturbed.
12. Repeat steps 6-11 until magnetreaches
room temperature
OBSERVATIONS
MAGNET UNDER EXTREME
HEAT:
Time after removal Weight attracted
from oven in minutes in grams
0 200
5 200
10 240
20 210
25 230
30 220
35 206
MAGNET UNDER EXTREME
COLD:
Temperature Weight
-21.3 275
-19.4 275
-18.1 265
-15.3 270
-13.7 260
-6.7 245
0 225
CONCLUSION
Magnetic materials should maintain a balance
between temperature and magnetic domains (the
atoms' inclination to spin in a certain direction).
When exposed to extreme temperatures,
however, this balance is destabilized; magnetic
properties are then affected. While cold
strengthens magnets, heat can result in the loss of
magnetic properties. In other words, too much
heat can completely ruin a magnet. Excessive heat
causes atoms to move more rapidly, disturbing
the magnetic domains. As the atoms are sped up,
the percentage of magnetic domains spinning in
the same direction decreases.
This lack of cohesion weakens the magnetic force
and eventually demagnetizes it entirely.
In contrast, when a magnet is exposed to extreme
cold, the atoms slow down so the magnetic
domains are aligned and, in turn, strengthened.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]

Common questions

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The procedure's emphasis on setting the freezer to incremental temperature increases of 5°C, relying on a thermometer for accurate readings, highlights the critical importance of temperature control. This precision ensures reliable data by mitigating external variables that could skew magnetic strength measurements .

Under extreme cold conditions, the magnet demonstrated an increased capacity for attraction, initially lifting 275 grams of paperclips at -21.3°C, consistently maintaining this at similar low temperatures before slightly decreasing as temperatures approached zero degrees Celsius .

Maintaining a balance between temperature and aligned magnetic domains is crucial; excessive heat disrupts domain alignment, weakening the magnet, while moderate cold enhances it. For optimal performance, magnets should operate within a temperature range that stabilizes domain alignment without causing thermal-induced kinetic disruptions .

The reduction in magnetic force at high temperatures is theoretically based on the increased motion of negatively charged electrons which disrupts the alignment of magnetic domains. This disturbance leads to decreased cohesion, ultimately weakening and potentially destroying the magnet's magnetic properties .

Temperature affects magnetism by altering a magnet's attractive force. Exposure to high temperatures causes the particles within the magnet to move more rapidly and erratically, reducing the magnetic field due to decreased cohesion in magnetic domains, potentially leading to complete demagnetization. Conversely, low temperatures enhance magnetic properties; the particles slow down, aligning the magnetic domains and thus increasing strength .

Excessive heat causes atoms within the magnet to move rapidly, disturbing the magnetic domains and reducing cohesion, potentially leading to demagnetization. In contrast, extreme cold slows atomic movement, aligning domains, thereby increasing magnetic strength. This contrast illustrates temperature's inverse effects on magnetic domain alignment .

To examine the effect of extreme cold, place a magnet in a freezer at the lowest possible temperature. Allow 20 minutes for temperature stabilization, then record the temperature. Immerse the magnet in a bowl of paperclips, weigh the magnet with attached paperclips, and record the weight of attracted paperclips, repeating after incrementally increasing the freezer temperature by 5°C .

Extreme heat initially does not significantly affect the magnet’s attraction capacity, but over time, the weight of paperclips attracted fluctuates and slightly decreases from an initial 200 grams to weights varying between 206 and 240 grams as the temperature stabilizes, indicating reduced magnetic strength .

Magnetic strength in the experiment is measured by the weight of paperclips a magnet can attract, representing the magnetic flux it produces. Magnetic domains play a crucial role; when aligned, they increase magnetic strength, while misalignment, especially due to increased temperature and particle movement, reduces strength .

The hypothesis is that the colder the magnet, the stronger the magnetic force it exerts. Graphically, this is expected to be an exponential curve showing a decrease in magnetic force as temperature increases .

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