Unit 3

Diet and Nutrition

I. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words. The initial letters are given. (10
marks)
1. The majority of the p---------------- foods may contain harmful chemicals. processed (Text)
2. Our homemade foods and drinks are free from a---------------- colours and flavours. artificial
3. According to nutritionists, it is a---------------- that we should have a balanced diet. advisable
4. The tourism industry should promote the sale of l---------------- foods and products. local
5. Meat, poultry, fish, and eggs are an e---------------- source of complete protein. excellent
6. Eating a balanced diet will make us fit and h----------------. healthy
7. A highly n---------------- diet contains many of the substances needed for life and growth. nutritious
8. Vitamin D is i---------------- for our body because it helps build strong bones. important
9. A---------------- effects of food additives are digestive and nervous disorders. Adverse
10. Diabetic patients must be c---------------- to avoid eating too much sugar. careful
11. Eating a variety of fruits and vegetables every day is important for good n----------------. nutrition
(Supplement)
12. A balanced d---------------- includes foods from all the different food groups like fruits, vegetables,
grains, proteins, and dairy. diet
13. Getting enough sleep at night is essential for a h---------------- mind and body. healthy
14. Learning the alphabet is a f---------------- step in reading and writing. fundamental
15. A---------------- flowers are made to look like real flowers, but they are not natural. Artificial
16. Potato chips and cookies are examples of p ---------------- foods because they are made in a factory.
processed
17. High levels of c---------------- in the blood can increase the risk of heart disease. cholesterol
18. White bread and white rice are examples of r---------------- foods because they have been processed to remove
the outer layer of the grain. refined
19. Eating nutritious foods and getting enough sleep can help strengthen our i---------------- system and keep us
healthy. immune
20. D---------------- is the process of cutting down trees in large numbers. Deforestation
21. A rainforest has high b---------------- because it is home to many different species of plants and animals.
biodiversity
22. An i---------------- disease is a sickness that can be spread from one person to another. infectious
23. Pollution from factories and cars can contribute to environmental d---------------- by releasing harmful
substances into the air and water. deterioration
24. G---------------- provide us with energy and are an important part of a balanced diet. Grains
25. Food like bread, pasta, and potatoes are rich in c----------------. carbohydrates

II. Choose the appropriate words or phrases to complete the sentences. (10
marks)
1. One major cause of ---------------- deficiency is inadequate intake of necessary nutrients. (Text)
(A) nutrition (B) nutritional (C) nutritious
2. The ---------------- of alcohol is strictly forbidden on campus.
(A) consumption (B) consume (C) consuming
3. Cancer risks ---------------- with smoking are already well known.
(A) associate (B) association (C) associated
4. All the tomato plants in my garden were destroyed by a new ---------------- virus.
(A) infect (B) infection (C) infectious
 5. He admitted that he had got this job on his cousin’s ----------------.
(A) recommend (B) recommendation (C) recommended
6. She has boasted that her daughter is now in the final year of ---------------- school.
(A) medicine (B) medicinal (C) medical
7. ---------------- is destroying large area of tropical rainforest in South America.
(A) Reforestation (B) Deforestation (C) Forest
8. “Car exhaust fumes are one of several ---------------- in the city,” the mayor said.
(A) pollutants (B) pollution (C) pollute
9. Nowadays people are becoming aware of ---------------- problems.
(A) Environment (B) environmentally (C) environmental
10. We should be wearing ---------------- masks in crowded places during the COVID-19 period.
(A) protect (B) protective (C) protected
11. I made my little brother ---------------- by telling him a funny joke. (Supplement)
(A) to laugh (B) laugh (C) laughing
12. I won’t go to the donation ceremony ---------------- my best friend is also attending.
(A) until (B) unless (C) after
13. He felt jealous ----------------his classmate who always got top grades in exams.
(A) of (B) about (C) with
14. Drinking milk is a ---------------- way to strengthen your bones and get important nutrients like
calcium and vitamin.
(A) nutrition (B) nutritious (C) nutritionists
15. One of the teacher’s ---------------- is to read for at least 20 minutes every day to improve your
vocabulary and reading skills.
(A) recommend (B) recommended (C) recommendations
16. Doctors and nurses work in ---------------- facilities like hospitals and clinics to help people who are
sick or injured.
(A) medical (B) medicinal (C) medicine
17. Some illnesses, like the common cold, are ----------------, which means they can spread from one
person to another.
(A) infect (B) infection (C) infectious
18. Water is essential for our bodies, and regular ---------------- of water helps keep us hydrated and
healthy.
(A) consumer (B) consuming (C) consumption

III. Rewrite the sentence according to the instruction given in brackets. (10
marks)
1. After she had finished the exam, she felt very happy. (participle phrases, Text)
Having finished the exam, she felt very happy.
2. Maung Maung knows that his friend enjoys reading. He has decided to buy her a book.
Knowing that his friend enjoys reading Maung Maung has decided to buy her a book.
3. After she had been made redundant, she started looking for a new job.
Having been made redundant, she started looking for a new job.
4. I stood in a queue. I realized that I didn’t have any money on me.
Standing in a queue. I realized that I didn’t have any money on me.
5. As she was shocked by the sad news, she didn’t know what to do next.
Being shocked by the sad news, she didn’t know what to do next.
6. Kyaw Aung was filled with pride, and he walked towards the stage to receive the prize.
Filled with pride, Kyaw Aung walked towards the stage to receive the prize.
7. After he had picked up his coat, he slowly went downstairs.
Having picked up his coat, he slowly went downstairs.
8. They become fully qualified doctors after they have finished their training.
Having finished their training, they become fully qualified doctors.
9. When he did not understand the lessons, he asked his teacher for help.
Not understanding the lessons, he asked his teacher for help.
10. When she realized that she had left her ticket, she went back home.
Realizing that she had left her ticket, she went back home.
11. Because we saw that it was a beautiful day, my mum and I decided to take a walk in the outback.
(Participle phrases – ESL worksheet)
Seeing that it was a beautiful day, my mum and I decided to take a walk in the outback.
12. Since he was impressed by what the agent said, he booked a tour to Spain.
Impressed by what the agent said, he booked a tour to Spain.
13. As Mary was not pleased by the hotel, she asked if she could move to another one.
Not pleased by the hotel, Mary asked if she could move to another one.
14. As we were feeling tired, hungry and depressed, we didn’t know what to do.
Feeling tired, hungry and depressed, we didn’t know what to do.
15. When we were taken on a tour of the jungle, we didn’t see any wild animals or birds.
Taken on a tour of the jungle, we didn’t see any wild animals or birds.
16. When the tourists were rescued by the park ranger, they felt very happy.
Rescued by the park ranger, the tourists felt very happy.
17. When we look back on what happened, we laugh about it.
Looking back on what happened, we laugh about it.
18. Since he suspected that something was wrong, he organized a search party.
Suspecting that something was wrong, he organized a search party.
19. When they were scratched and bitten by the monkeys, they screamed.
Scratched and bitten by the monkeys, they screamed.
20. The bird which are flying overhead are seagulls.
The bird flying overhead are seagulls.
21. I know the boy who was sent to the Principal.
I know the boy sent to the Principal.
22. The man who was injured in a car crash was taken to the hospital.
The man injured in a car crash was taken to the hospital.
23. The people are waiting outside. What do they want?
What do the people waiting outside want?
24. Does anyone own this notebook? It was found in the corridor.
Does anyone own this notebook found in the corridor?
25. Mr. Smith bought a flat. It is overlooking the harbour.
Mr. Smith bought a flat overlooking the harbour.
26. My daughter won the first prize in the mathematics competition. (It is/was Noun who/that …)
It was in the mathematics competition that my daughter won the first prize.
27. My parents bought a Honda Fit car for me when I passed the exam.
It was a Honda Fit car that my parents bought for me when I passed the exam.
28. The author has written many good short stories for children.
It is for children that the author has written many good short stories.
29. The angry boys chased the mad dog away from the garden.
It was the mad dog that the angry boys chased away from the garden.
30. Nyo Nyo broke the flower vase yesterday evening.
 It was Nyo Nyo who broke the flower vase yesterday evening.
31. He has decided to give back the purse to her because he is honest.
It is because he is honest that he has decided to give back the purse to her.
32. A big fire started in my neighbour’s house last night.
It was last night that a big fire started in my neighbour’s house.
33. I saw an ambulance rushing to the scene.
It was an ambulance that I saw rushing to the scene.
34. Thandar found a wallet on her way back home.
It was Thandar found a wallet on her way back home.
35. The drought caused many farmers much trouble.
It was the drought that caused many farmers much trouble.
36. They will paint the inside of the hall. They will paint the outside of the hall. ( not only … but also
…, Text)
They will paint not only the inside of the hall but also the outside of the hall.
37. The circus comprises magicians and clowns. It also comprises tigers and lions.
The circus comprises not only magicians and clowns but also tigers and lions.
38. He will sing a song at the dinner party. He will also dance at the dinner party.
He will not only sing a song but also dance at the dinner party.
39. She enjoys learning English. She also enjoys learning French.
She enjoys learning not only English but also French.
40. The actress has long, curly blonde hair. She also has lovely blue eyes.
The actress has not only long, curly blonde hair but also lovely blue eyes.
41. My cousins are good at playing basketball. They are good at playing volleyball as well.
My cousins are good at playing not only basketball but also volleyball.
42. I washed my car yesterday. I cut the grass in my garden yesterday.
I not only washed my car but also cut the grass in my garden yesterday.
43. My brother can speak Spanish well. My sister can speak Spanish well.
Not only my brother but also my sister can speak Spanish well.
44. He likes to do exercise at the gym. He likes to go jogging in the park.
He likes not only to do exercise at the gym but also to go jogging in the park.
45. It was raining heavily. The wind was blowing hard.
Not only it was raining heavily but also the wind was blowing hard.
46. Jane owns a shop. She owns a restaurant. (both … and …) (worksheet)
Jane owns both a shop and a restaurant.
47. Helen likes cat. Mary likes cats. (both … and …)
Both Helen and Mary like cats.
48. She’s at the office. She’s at the airport. (either … or ...)
She’s either at the office or at the airport.
49. Chris doesn’t have time to take a holiday. Smith doesn’t have time to take a holiday. (neither … nor
…)
Neither Chris nor Smith has time to take a holiday.
50. Moe Myint plays the guitar well. She dances beautifully. (not only … but also …)
Moe Myint not only plays the guitar well but also dances beautifully.
51. You can have fish for dinner. You can have chicken for dinner. (both … and …)
52. We can see the film tonight. We can see the film tomorrow night. (either … or …)
53. Danish was a newcomer and so was Jim. (both … and …)
54. Mary has both toothache and headache. (not only … but also …)
55. She didn’t say a word, and she didn’t smile. (neither … nor …)
 56. She can’t write fast. She can’t type. (neither … nor …)
57. Dick doesn’t need a bike. He doesn’t like to go on foot. (neither … nor …)
58. Kate hasn’t studied Spanish. Her friends haven’t studied Spanish. (neither … nor …)
59. He isn’t a doctor. His sister isn’t a doctor, too. (neither … nor …)
60. I can’t speak English. Nor can my sister. (neither … nor …)

IV. (A) Write the appropriate words or phrases to complete the lines of verse. (5
marks)
(B) Answer the questions in complete sentence. (5
marks)
V. (3) Read the passage.

Have better physical and mental health

Good health also is vital for happiness. It is undeniable that healthy people are happier than those
who are not. To achieve true happiness, you must be fit, both physically and mentally. A happy person has
better physical and mental health. It is widely known that your mind and body are closely connected. If you
feel stress out, you are likely to experience fatigue and muscle tension. Similarly, if you feel happy and
calm, you are likely to have more mental energy and more physical vitality.
Have a feeling of contentment
Contentment is the key to happiness – people who accept what they have are happier than people
who crave for more career success and money. A recent survey shows that the simplest things in life are the
most important for you. You tent to be happy with simple things, like a walk in a park, a beautiful sunset and
an evening with a friend. It is true that people need to have a reasonable amount of material possessions, but
wanting more than what is necessary breeds greed and frustration.
Get rich
Most people believe that money is the best way to find happiness. Of course, a person needs money
to some extent in order to live comfortably. Rich people often consider that they are happy as they can buy
expensive houses, new cars, big yachts, and designer clothes. However, some people think happiness does
not depend on money. Nevertheless, we can see many people trying to get rich in every possible way in the
hope of achieving happiness in life.
(A) Write the correct word or words to complete each sentence. (5 marks)
1. Good health also plays a --------- role in fostering happiness.
2. In order to attain genuine happiness, one must strive for --------- in both physical and mental
dimensions.
3. Only when we have contentment, we can have ---------.
4. Those who want more than what is necessary are not as happy as those who ---------.
5. We must do simple things like a walk in a park to make ourselves ---------.

(B) Answer each question in one sentence. (5 marks)

6. What can we have when we fit physically and mentally?
7. When are you likely to experience fatigue?
8. Why is contentment the key to happiness?
9. Why do rich people consider that they are happy?
10. How are many people trying to get rich?
V. (4) Read the passage.
Have a positive attitude to life
It is often said that life is composed of positive elements ang negative elements. Having a positive
attitude to life is a good way of finding happiness. For example, when you encounter difficulties in your
school or work, you may feel disappointed and downhearted. At such a time, you must try to adopt a
positive attitude to cope with these problems. You must also learn how to live contentedly with the negative
elements of life rather than attempt to live a life where nothing bad ever happens, you will surely find
happiness.
Think back to sweet memories from the past
You may be in a bad mood or feel downhearted from time to time, simply because you are looking
inside you, thinking about bad things. A group of psychologists have discovered that thinking back to
pleasant incidents in the past can improve your mood and make you feel cheerful. For example, think about
something in your childhood that gives you great pleasure, look at old photos showing happy events or recall
hearing news someone’s good fortunes. These sweet memories can put you in a better mood – they can
make you smile, laugh or feel joyful.
Practise meditation or mindfulness
Nowadays, people may suffer from work-related stress, which leads to severe diseases such as
diabetes and heart disease. To reduce stress, people practice meditation, which is also called mindfulness.
The idea is that you find a clean floor, sit still and pay attention to what is happening to you at that very
moment. You should not think about the past or the future, just the present. Meditation will ease the tension
in your body, clear your mind of negative thoughts and give you a sense of inner peace and well-being.
Everyone wants to be happy and cheerful, but it seems that not many people can achieve happiness.
The ten ways mentioned above will be of much benefit to those who are desperately seeking happiness. Go
over them once and adopt any of them that will meet your needs.
(A) Write the correct word or words to complete each sentence. (5 marks)
1. Cultivating a positive outlook on life proves to be an effective method of attaining ---------.
2. When we respond in a very --------- way to everything that happens, we will surely find
happiness.
3. Sweet --------- can make us feel happier.
4. To feel less ---------, people do meditation, which is also called mindfulness.
5. When you practise ---------, it can bring a sense of inner peace and happiness.

(B) Answer each question in one sentence. (5 marks)

6. What is often said about life?
7. How might you feel when facing difficulties in school or work?
8. Why might you be in a bad mood or feel downhearted from time to time?
9. What can sweet memories do to your mood?
10. What are the benefits of meditation?