PART A
1. Sketch the deflection, soil reaction and bending moment diagram for short pile free
head in cohesive soils
2. Write the equations for finding stiffness factors ‘R’ and ‘T’ for piles in normally
consolidated and over consolidated clays respectively as per IS code
3. Sketch the failure mechanism of a rigid short pile with free and fixed head subjected
to lateral load in clay as given by Broms.
4. Give the expression for dimensionless length in the case of lateral load analysis of
piles by Broms and list the terms involved. How the fixed and free headed piles are
differentiated into long and short piles based on .
5. Write the equations for finding the stiffness factors for piles in preloaded and
normally consolidated clays respectively as per IS code
6. Explain the criteria for classifying piles into short rigid piles and long elastic piles as
per IS 2911.
7. Differentiate between free headed and fixed headed piles.
8. Write the equations for finding modulus of subgrade reaction for piles in preloaded
and normally consolidated clays respectively as per IS code
9. Sketch the deformation pattern, soil reaction and bending moment diagram of a rigid
long pile with free and fixed head subjected to lateral load in granular soil as given by
Broms.
10. What are the factors affecting the response of piles under lateral load?
11. Differentiate between rigid and elastic behaviour of piles during lateral loading
12. Discuss the steps for determining the deflection of laterally loaded piles by IS 2911
method.
13. Explain the method of analysis of piles under lateral load as per the IS 2911 clearly
bringing out the difference in the approach towards piles in sand and preloaded clays.
How is pile lateral deflection determined?
PART B
1. A steel pipe pile of 75 cm outside diameter with a wall thickness of 3 cm is driven
into loose sand (Dr = 40%) under submerged conditions to a depth of 22 m. The
submerged unit weight of the soil is 8.75 kN/m3 and the angle of internal friction is
33°. Apply the Broms method and find the ultimate lateral resistance of the pile at the
ground surface. Take K = 30 MN/m3 . E = 210000 MPa for steel. Yield strength of
steel = 230 MPa. Treat as long pile with free end.
2. A precast concrete pile of 30 cm diameter is installed in saturated cohesive soil to a
depth of 10 m in vertical direction. A lateral load of 40 kN is applied at a height of 1
m above ground level. Compute the deflection at the ground level. Assume EI= 1.15
× 102 MN/m2 , k= 25 MN/m3 , Use Brom’s chart
3. A steel pipe pile of outside diameter 61 cm and inside diameter 56 cm is driven into
loose sand under submerged condition to a depth of 4 m. The submerged unit weight
of soil is 8.75 kN/m3 and angle of internal friction is 33º. The EI value of pile is 4.35
× 102 MNm2 and ηh is 6 MN/m3 . Compute the ultimate lateral resistance of the pile
by Brom’s method.
4. A 300 mm square wooden pile is driven 5 m below ground level in pre-loaded clay.
The load to be applied is 1 m above the ground. Determine the ultimate load that can
be applied on a pile with M U = 100 kNm. Assume Kh = 15 MN/m2, E = 10 x 102
MN/m2, and cohesion of clay = 1 kg/cm2.
5. A concrete pile 900 mm diameter and 6 m long is installed in a clay soil with
cohesion, 1.2 kg/cm2 (N value 12). Estimate the ultimate lateral resistance if the load
is applied at a point situated at 4 m above the ground level. Assume K1 = 25.0
MN/m3 and Ec = 26 kN/mm2. If the allowable deflection at ground level is only 25
mm, estimate the load that it can take.