Answer: Ecosystem: 'Ecosystem' is a complex

relationship or pattern of interactions between the

organisms living in a particular area (living organisms or
biotic elements) and the various elements of the
environment (non-living elements or abiotic elements).

2. What are Microorganisms?

Answer: Microorganisms: 'Microorganisms' or
microscopic organisms, whose size is less than 0.1mm,
which cannot be seen without a microscope, floating
everywhere in the biosphere, are called microorganisms.
E.g. - Bacteria.

3. What is a Biome?
Answer: Biome: 'Biome', also known as a major life
zone, which is the largest geographic biotic unit, is an
area or a region that includes communities with a
specific climate characterized by the specific flora and
fauna adapted to that particular environment.
E.g. - The major terrestrial biotic community is
characterized by distinctive live forms like- temperate
deciduous forests, grassland, etc.

4. What is Biota?
BIODIVERSITY Answer: Biota: 'Biota' is the collective form of all the
Short Question Answer: ~ (Marks -1) living elements of a particular region, i.e. the flora and
fauna and other organisms sharing the same
1. What is Ecosystem? geographical region or habitat.
E.g. - The biota of a forest includes all animals, plants, Answer: Gene Pool: 'Gene pool' refers to the set of all
insects, and microorganisms living in that particular the genes, the genetic makeup, and the entire genetic
forest. information in any population or of a particular species.

5. What is Retention Capacity? 9. What is meant by Biodiversity?

Or, what do you mean by the Carrying Capacity of Answer: Biodiversity: The diversity of species, genetic
the environment? diversity, and ecosystem diversity of a region is called
Answer: Carrying Capacity: The maximum number of biodiversity.
organisms within a population in an area or region, which Or, The collection of different types of organisms
can sustainably survive in an ecosystem is called (plants, animals, and microbes) present at a particular
'carrying capacity'. place is called the biodiversity of that place at that
time.
6. When and where the Earth Summit or
Bashundhara Conference is held?
10. Who first coined the term “Biodiversity” and
Answer: The Earth Summit or Bashundhara Conference when?
was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1972. Answer: The scientist Walter G. Rosen coined the term
"Biodiversity" in 1985.
7. What do you mean by 'Deep Ecosystem'?
Answer: Deep Ecosystem: The developed conditions 11. What is Standing Crop?
which are created by the joint development of group Answer: Standing Crop: The amount of living matter
development and ecological development are called 'deep present in plants and animals at different nutrient levels
ecosystem'. or total dried biomass of the living organisms present in
Or, Deep Ecology: 'Deep ecology' is a social movement a given ecosystem in the ecosystem at a particular time
and environmental philosophy which explains that the is called the standing crop.
relationship between human beings and nature should be
balanced. It must be recognized by humans that nature 12. What is the Biogeochemical cycle?
has an inherent value. Answer: Biogeochemical cycle: The process by which
elements such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen,
8. What is Gene Pool? etc. are cycled between organisms and the environment
through the lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere For example, some varieties of mangoes are Payri,
is called the biogeochemical cycle. Alphonso, Chausa, Himsagar, Langra, etc.

13. Name a plant, which is used in the preparation 18. What is Species?
of blood pressure-lowering medicine. Answer: Species: Species is the unit of classification
Answer: Reserpine obtained from the Indian snakeroot for millions of organisms on earth. A species is a group
(Rauvolfia serpentina) plant is used in the preparation of of organisms that are genetically and genetically
blood pressure-lowering medicine. distinct from other organisms.

14. What is Reserpine? 19. What is Species Biodiversity?

Answer: Reserpine: Reserpine is an alkaloid derived Answer: Species Biodiversity: The unit of
from the root sap of the Indian snakeroot (Rauvolfia classification of all organisms on earth is called species.
serpentina) plant, which is used in the preparation of The presence of various species of organisms and their
high blood pressure medicine and is sedative in nature. relative abundance in a particular area is called species
diversity.
15. Which flower is used in Shyama Puja?
E.g. - Zone 'A' has 4 classes of mammals. These 4
Answer: Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) flowers are
classes are the 4 species.
used in Shyama Puja.
20. What is Ecological Biodiversity?
16. Which flower is used more in the worship of
Answer: Ecological Biodiversity: A habitat is formed by
Shiva?
developing a functional relationship between the various
Answer: Datura (Datura metel) flowers are widely used
biotic elements- plants, animals, microorganisms, and
in worshiping Shiva.
abiotic elements- air, soil, minerals, water, etc. located
17. What is Genetic Biodiversity? in the ecosystem, where there is a diversity of
Answer: Genetic Biodiversity: The genetic variation different organisms and plant communities in the
among organisms belonging to a species is called genetic different ecosystems. This is called ecological
biodiversity. biodiversity or habitat diversity. [The diversity of
different ecosystems and the different biomes present This type of diversity refers to the biodiversity of a
in a vast region is called ecological diversity.] large region.
E.g. - Ecological diversity can be seen at the confluence Such as a Global Biogeographical Region.
of the Ganga Bay of Bengal.
25. What is Domestic Biodiversity?
21. What is the Point Diversity? Answer: Domestic Biodiversity: Domestic biodiversity
Answer: Point Diversity: Biodiversity in a very small refers to the diversity seen in the domesticated
area at a specific location is called point diversity. In animals, plants, and even agricultural plants, etc. in the
this case, diversity is sought within the same group of area where people live.
habitats. E.g.- Common agricultural species like sheep, goats,
cattle, horses, pigs, buffalo and chickens, and many
22. What is Turnover Diversity? other domesticated animals such as camels, donkeys,
Answer: Turnover Diversity: Beta (β) diversity is called elephants, reindeer, rabbits and rodents species, along
turnover diversity. with ornamental plants- Rose, Marigold etc. and plants
for worship like- Tulsi, Hibiscus etc. are considered in
23. What is epsilon variation?
Domestic Biodiversity.
Answer: Epsilon Diversity: Biodiversity over a larger
area than delta (δ) diversity is called epsilon (ε) 26. What is the Navdhanya programme?
diversity i.e. sum of many gamma (γ) diversity over a Answer: Navdhanya Programme: A program undertaken
large area is called epsilon (ε) diversity. in the Western Ghats region of Maharashtra is the
Navdhanya program, where 150 varieties of rice have
24. What is gamma diversity and delta diversity?
been identified in the area. This program has shown
Answer: Gamma- γ Diversity:
that many rice varieties are used in agriculture in
Gamma (γ) diversity, according to Whittaker's
different ecosystems.
classification, is a measure that indicates the
composition of different species in a heterogeneous 27. Write a difference between α biodiversity and
ecosystem over a large area. β biodiversity.
Delta- δ Diversity: Answer: The diversity found among different organisms
in a particular region is called alpha (α) diversity.
On the other hand, the diversity that occurs between E.g. - The overabundance of rabbits in Australia
ecosystems of two groups of organisms is called beta (β) hampers reforestation. Expansion of horticultural
diversity. agriculture in place of local cultivation in the North-
Eastern States of India.
28. What is meant by the 'aesthetic value' of
biodiversity? 31. Name an exotic plant that has caused
Answer: Aesthetic Value of Biodiversity: Every ecological problems.
species of life and ecosystem enriches the beauty of Answer: An exotic plant that has caused ecological
the Earth. Once a species becomes extinct or an problems is Parthenium sp.
ecosystem is destroyed, it cannot be recovered. People
love the environment and travel to various places of 32. What is meant by habitat fragmentation?
natural beauty, which proves how deep the attraction of Answer: Habitat Fragmentation: When the balance of
people is towards the environment. People travel to different elements of an ecosystem is disturbed due to
places attracted by the beauty of the environment and natural or man-made reasons, the fragmentation of the
the creatures – that is the aesthetic value of habitats of different species of organisms in that
biodiversity. habitat is called habitat fragmentation.

29. Name an exotic plant in India. 33. Give examples of organic extinction as a
result of air pollution.
Answer: An exotic or invasive alien plant in India is the
Answer: 43 species of animals and plants have become
poisonous weed called Parthenium sp., which came with
extinct in Poland due to severe air pollution.
wheat when wheat was imported from America to India.
34. Where in India has organic poisoning been
30. What are Invasive or Alien Species?
observed in cranes/storks?
Answer: Invasive or Alien Species: The species that
Answer: Bio-poisoning by excess pesticides has been
enter into another ecosystem either intentionally or
observed in storks/cranes in Keoladeo National Park,
accidentally and slowly dominate that area and harm the
Rajasthan.
biodiversity of that area in various ways are called
exotic, invasive or alien species. 35. Give examples of loss of biodiversity due to
water pollution.
Answer: 40 tonnes of tar deposited every year off the Answer: Parthenium sp., an herbaceous weed, has
coast of Goa, India, is washed away by heavy monsoon spread over vast areas of forest land in India, causing
rains and forms a thin layer over the seawater, blocking damage to the growth and spread of vegetation.
the penetration of sunlight. This results in the death of
aquatic life. 41. When did the lease contract of The Coral
Islands expire?
36. Coral reefs are affected by what types of Answer: The lease contract of the Coral Islands ended
pollution? in 1980.
Answer: Coral reefs are damaged due to marine
pollution. 42. Since 1947 AD which organic resource has
been used in the cement industry to face disaster
37. What is the reason for the high rate of death today?
of hawks, falcons, and eagles in our country? Answer: Since 1947 AD, the use of coral in the cement
Answer: Biomagnification of pesticides is the cause of industry has led to disaster today.
the high mortality rate of hawks, falcons, and eagles in
43. The Eucalyptus tree came to India from which
India.
country?
38. For what reasons do the tribes of India use Answer: The eucalyptus tree came to India from
wild plants? Australia.
Answer: The tribals of India use about 5,000 species
44. How are the Mangroves being damaged?
of wild plants for food, to make hunting weapons, to
Answer: Commercial fishing infrastructure causes
catch fish, to make agricultural implements, to make
water pollution. This polluted water is entering the
medicines, etc.
estuary and damaging the mangroves, destroying the
39. What is another name for Lantana Camara? saline water ecosystem.
Answer: Another name for Lantana camara is Sahebani
45. Where can Passenger Pigeons be found?
Lata.
Answer: Passenger pigeons are found in North America.
40. What harm has Parthenium sp., an herbaceous
plant, done in our country? 46. What are Keystone Species?
Answer: Keystone Species: A species whose extinction 51. Megadiversity countries belong to which
from its original habitat increases the likelihood of climatic region of the world?
other species becoming extinct is called a keystone Answer: Megadiversity countries belong to the tropical
species. and equatorial regions of the world.
Example – The Royal Bengal Tiger of Sundarbans is a
52. What is the total number of megadiversity
keystone species. countries in the world?
Answer: There are a total of 17 megadiversity
47. What are Endemic Species?
countries in the world.
Answer: Endemic Species: The species which are
restricted to a particular place in the world are called 53. What is a 'Megabiodiversity country'?
endemic species. E.g. Magnolia, Betula (in India). Answer: India is called the 'Megabiodiversity Country'.

48. What is Lotic Water? 54. What are the angiospermic plants found in the
Answer: Lotic Water: Flowing water in an ecosystem is Eastern Himalaya hotspot?
called Lotic water. Answer: Eastern Himalayan hotspots are home to
E.g. - Water like a river, springs, etc. are examples of several angiosperms like Betula, Magnolia etc.
lotic water.
55. Which is the main source of wild species of
49. How many types of plants are used to make rice in India?
medicine in developing countries? Answer: The main sources of wild species of rice in
Answer: Medicines are produced from about 20,000 India are the valleys of Eastern Deccan.
types of plants in developing countries.
56. What is the place of India in the world in
50. Give examples of some Hotspots of the terms of the diversity of mammals?
Western Ghats region. Answer: India ranks 8th in the world in terms of
Answer: Some of the hotspots in the Western Ghats mammal diversity.
region are Agasthamalai, Amambalam, and Silent Valley
etc. 57. What is India's place in the world in terms of
the diversity of birds?
Answer: India ranks 8th in the world in terms of bird 64. Give an example of a 'World Heritage Site' in
diversity. India.
Answer: One of the world heritage sites in India is the
58. How many species of fish in India? Sundarbans region of the Ganges delta in West Bengal.
Answer: There are 2,564 fish species in India.
65. Name one place in India, where coral reefs are
59. How many amphibians are found in India? seen.
Answer: There are 204 species of amphibians in India. Answer: Coral reefs are found near the Andaman and
Nicobar Islands in India.
60. How many species of invertebrates are there
in India? 66. Name a forest region in India where 'Golden
Answer: There are 20,000 species of invertebrates in Langur' is found.
India. Answer: In India, the 'Golden Langur'(Trachypithecus
geei) is found in the western part of Assam.
61. What is the number of species of angiospermic
plants in India? 67. In which state of India 'Dancing Deer' can be
Answer: The number of species of angiosperms covered seen?
in India is 14,500. Answer: Sangai Deer or Dancing Deer (Rucervus eldii
eldii) can be found in Manipur, India.
62. Name a 'Biodiversity Hotspot' in India.
68. Name a bird, which can be seen only in
Answer: One of the 'biodiversity hotspots' of India is
Narcondam Island in India.
the Western Ghats.
Answer: The bird called Narcondam Hornbill
(Rhyticeros narcondami) is found only on Narcondam
63. What is a 'World Heritage Site'?
Island in India.
Answer: World Heritage Site: Natural and culturally
important places of each country that are declared and 69. Which scientist first mentioned Hotspot?
protected by UNESCO are called 'World Heritage Answer: In 1988, British scientist Norman Mayer first
Sites'. mentioned Hotspot.
70. Name the hotspots in India. Answer: The scientific name of the Mango is Mangifera
Answer: There are major four biodiversity hotspots in indica.
India: The Himalayas, the Indo-Burma Region, The
Western Ghats, and the Sundaland। 77. What are the scientific names of the
Sarpagandha and the Green chiretta or Kalmegha
71. What is Biodiversity Hotspot? plants?
Answer: Biodiversity Hotspot: Areas where high levels Answer: The scientific name of the Indian Snakeroot
of biodiversity are observed and a large number of plant is Rauwolfia serpentina.
endemic species, many of which are threatened by The scientific name of the Green Chiretta or Kalmegh
human activities, are called Biodiversity Hotspots. plant is Andrographis paniculata.

72. What is the scientific name of the Shirish 78. Name some endangered plant species.
plant or Lebbec tree? Answer: Some of the endangered plant species are -
Answer: The scientific name of the Shirish tree or Orchids, Ferns, Cycas sp.
Lebbec tree is Albizia procera.
79. What is the scientific name of the Wheat
73. What is the scientific name of the Java Plum plant?'
or Jamun? Answer: The scientific name of the Wheat plant is
Answer: The scientific name of Java Plum or Jamun is Triticum aestivum.
Sizygium cumini.
80. What is the scientific name of the Tobacco
74. What is the scientific name for the Jute? plant?
Answer: The scientific name of the Jute is Corchorus Answer: The scientific name of the Tobacco plant is
olitorius. Nicotiana tabacum.

75. What is the scientific name of the Coconut? 81. What is the scientific name of the Corn plant?
Answer: The scientific name of the Coconut is Cocos Answer: The scientific name of the Corn plant is Zea
nucifera. mays.

76. What is the scientific name of the Mango?

82. What is the scientific name of the Pointed
Gourd (Potal) plant? 89. What is Micro Livestock?
Answer: The scientific name of the Pointed Gourd Answer: Micro Livestock: Small animals like cattle,
(Potal) plant is Trichosanthes dioica. sheep, goats, pigs, etc. are reared and bred to provide
meat for human consumption and to stop wildlife
83. What is the scientific name of the Chickpea? extermination, which is called 'Micro Livestock'.
Answer: The scientific name of the Chickpea is Cicer
arietinum. 90. Which of the following animals is planned to
set up farms exploiting the potential for
84. What is the scientific name of the Tamarind inbreeding?
plant? Answer: Farms are planned to exploit the captive
Answer: The scientific name of the Tamarind plant is breeding potential of animals like turtles, butterflies,
Tamarindus indica. deer, ostriches, etc.

85. What is the scientific name of the Gharial? 91. What kind of animals are slaughtered for meat
Answer: The scientific name of the Gharial is Gavialis and skin?
gangeticus. Answer: Reptiles and amphibians are killed for meat
and skin.
86. What is the scientific name of the Red Panda?
Answer: The scientific name of the red panda is Ailurus 92. What is the cause of elephant poaching?
fulgens. Answer: Elephants are poached to extract their
valuable tusks.
87. What is the scientific name of the Indian
tiger? 93. What is apiculture?
Answer: The scientific name of the Indian tiger is Answer: Apiculture: When bees are cultivated to
Panthera tigris. collect honey and beeswax, that cultivation is called
apiculture.
88. What type of water resources are used in
lobster farming? 94. Give an example of human-wild animal
Answer: Lobster farming uses freshwater resources. conflict in nature.
Answer: As a result of man-made activities such as Answer: The scientific name of the one-horned
expansion of land for various cultivations, clearing of rhinoceros is Rhinoceros unicornis.
forests, etc., herds of wild elephants enter villages in
search of food and destroy crops and people also attack 100. Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary is located in which
state of India?
in turn to stop them.
Answer: Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary is located in
95. What is the monetary value of a 50 year old Haryana, India.
medium sized tree weighing 50 tonnes in India?
Answer: A 50 year old medium sized 50 tonne tree in 101. Out of the 372 species of mammals in India,
how many species are facing extinction today?
India costs ₹15, 70,000.
Answer: Out of the 372 species of mammals in India,
96. Who is kept out of the Wildlife Protection Act? 81 species are facing extinction today.
Answer: Rats, crows, and bats are excluded from the
102. What is the biggest tiger project in India?
Wildlife Protection Act.
Answer: The largest tiger project in India is
Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam (Andhra Pradesh).
97. Bhitarkanika of Odisha is famous as the
breeding ground of which animal?
103. In which year was the 'Tiger Project'
Answer: Odisha's Bhitarkanika is famous as a breeding launched in India?
ground for crocodiles. Answer: 'The Tiger Project' was launched in India in
1973.
98. Where are Sanjay Gandhi National Park and
Kanha National Park located?
104. What is the Green Data Book?
Answer: Sanjay Gandhi National Park is located near
Answer: Green Data Book: The book in which the
densely populated areas near Mumbai city and Kanha
names of rare plants preserved in specific areas and
National Park is located in Madhya Pradesh.
conservation methods are published is called the Green
99. What is the scientific name of the one-horned Data Book. This book was first published in 1897 AD.
rhinoceros found in Jaldapara, West Bengal?
105. What is the full form of PBR?
Answer: The full form of PBR is People's Biodiversity Answer: The full form of IMF is International
Register. Monetary Fund.

106. What is Game Reserve? 111. Name two endangered reptiles of India.
Answer: Game Reserve: Game Reserve is a step Answer: Two endangered reptiles in India are (i)
towards wildlife conservation. In this case, wild animals Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) and (ii) Leatherback Turtle
can live safely in a large area. Apart from this, the (Dermochelys coriacea).
hunting area is also quite controlled. Although hunting is
prohibited, hunting is regulated for sport. 112. Name two endangered birds of India.
E.g. Africa has many game reserves. Elephants, Cape Answer: Two endangered birds of India are (i) the
buffalo, etc. are hunted in those restricted areas. Great Indian Bustard (Ardenta nigriceps) (ii) the Hawk
(Aviceda jordan)
107. In which state of India is the Gir forest
located? 113. Name two endangered amphibians of India.
Answer: Gir forest is located in the state of Gujarat. Answer: Two endangered amphibians of India are (i)
Purple Frog (Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis) and (ii)
108. What is Blue Revolution? Yellow Golden Backed Frog (Indosylvirana indica).
Answer: Blue Revolution: When marine animals such as
fish, prawns, crabs, snails, turtles, bivalves, clams, 114. What is conservation?
sponges, corals, etc. are produced in large quantities Answer: Conservation: Protecting wild animals and
through advanced technology, it is called Blue plants from destruction, keeping the ecological process
Revolution. intact in the natural environment, and keeping their
development and evolution intact in the environment is
109. What is the full form of ZSI? called conservation.
Answer: The full form of ZSI is Zoological Survey of Such as in-situ conservation and ex-situ conservation.
India.
115. What is a bio bank?
110. What is the full form of IMF? Answer: Bio bank: Bio banks play a significant role in
biomedical research where various biological samples
such as blood, sputum, plasma, saliva, DNA, etc. are Answer: A specific forest where wild animals roam
stored. freely, grow, reproduce, and humans have access to, and
it is called a sanctuary.
116. How many national parks and forests are Larger than sanctuaries, where entry is prohibited
there in India?
without permission, cutting of trees is prohibited, and
Answer: There are 99 national parks and 514
killing of animals is prohibited, it is called National Park.
sanctuaries in India.
122. What is a Black Data Book?
117. National Biodiversity Authority was
Answer: Black Data Book: The book that contains the
established in Cheyenne in which year?
list of harmful or destructive species is called the Black
Answer: The National Biodiversity Authority was
Data Book.
established in Chennai in October 2003.
123. What is the name of the largest herbarium in
118. What is the full form of WCU?
India?
Answer: The full form of WCU is World Conservation
Answer: The largest herbarium in India is the Central
Union.
National Herbarium.
119. What is the full form of MAB?
124. Where is the largest botanical garden in India
Answer: The full form of MAB is Man and Biosphere located?
Programme. Answer: India's largest botanical garden is located at
Shivpur in Howrah district of West Bengal.
120. Name any two endangered mammals of India.
Answer: Two endangered mammals of India are (i) 125. Which extinct plant species has been found
Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) and (ii) Wild Buffalo alive in botanical gardens?
(Bubalus arnee) Answer: The plant species 'Sophera toromiro' has been
seen alive in the Botanical Gardens.
121. What is the difference between Sanctuaries
and National Parks? 126. Where in West Bengal are tigers rescued from
circuses rehabilitated?
Answer: Tigers rescued from Olympic Circus have been 131. What do you mean by Rare Species?
rehabilitated in South Khairbari of West Bengal. Answer: Rare Species: Those species that are few in
number in the world and are likely to become
127. What do you mean by ‘Extinct Species’? endangered in the future are called rare species.
Answer: Extinct Species: The species that have not E.g. - Ginkgo biloba, Desert cat.
been specifically seen or identified in the past 50 years
are called extinct species. 132. What do you mean by Indefinite Species?
E.g. - Dodo bird. Answer: Indefinite Species: The species that are
currently endangered, endangered, but cannot be
128. What do you mean by 'Endangered Species'? identified precisely due to lack of information, are
Answer: Endangered Species: The species that are called indefinite species.
threatened with extinction from the earth in the near
future and have little chance of recovery if the causes 133. What is the change in tiger population
of their endangerment persist are called endangered between 1972 and 1983 AD?
species. Answer: Between 1972 and 1983 the number of tigers
E.g. - Red Panda. increased from 1,827 to 3,000.

129. What do you mean by 'Gene Degeneration'? 134. Name the smallest national park and the
Answer: Genetic Degeneration: In the case of an largest national park in North India.
endangered species, the phenomenon where the genetic Answer: The smallest national park is South Botan
diversity of an endangered species decreases due to (Andaman) - 5 sq. km.
various reasons is called 'Genetic Degeneration'. The largest national park is Desert National Park
(Jaisalmer) – 3,162 sq. km.
130. What do you mean by ‘Endangered Species’?
Answer: Endangered animals: The species that are 135. What is the name of India's first Marine
likely to become endangered in the near future if there National Park?
is a possibility of an adverse environment are called Answer: India's first Marine National Park is the 'Gulf
endangered species. of Kutch National Park in Gujarat.

136. What is a Reserved Forest?

Answer: Reserved Forest: The forest land controlled 141. What is the full form of WWF?
by the state government where the general public Answer: The full form of WWF is World Wide Fund for
cannot enter without permission, even for research Nature
purposes, is called reserved forest land.
142. IUCN is headquartered in which country?
137. What is the full form of IUCN? Answer: IUCN headquarters is located in Gland,
Answer: The full form of IUCN is International Union Switzerland.
for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
143. When is International Biodiversity Day
138. Name an endangered wild animal in India. celebrated?
Answer: An endangered wild animal in India is the Answer: International Biodiversity Day is celebrated on
Nilgiri Langur (Semnopithecus johnii). 22nd May.

139. What is the 'Red Data Book'? 144. What is Ex-Situ Preservation?
Answer: Red Data Book: In 1963 IUCN funded by Answer: Ex-Situ Preservation: When an organism is
WWF published a book containing data on extinct or moved from its native environment to a protected
endangered flora and fauna of the world called Red Data environment for conservation, it is called Ex-Situ
Book. conservation.
In this booklet, the whole range of endangered species E.g. - gene banks, and the conservation of animals and
is divided into several categories. namely- (i) Extinct, (ii) birds in zoos.
Extinct in the wild, (ii) Critically Endangered, (iv)
145. What is In-Situ Conservation?
Endangered, (v) Vulnerable, (v) Least Endangered, (vii)
Answer: In-Situ Preservation: When an organism is
Data deficient, (viii) Not evaluated.
preserved in its environment by giving it all the facilities
140. In which year 'Forest Survey of India' was to survive and reproduce, it is called in-situ
established? preservation.
Answer: The “Forest Survey of India” was set up in E.g. - Sundarbans tiger conservation.
June 1981.
146. What is the purpose of tissue culture?
Answer: The purpose of tissue culture is to freeze the
growing banana cells of disease-free plants while
keeping the genetic quality intact so that the species
does not become extinct.

147. What is Cryopreservation?

Answer: Cryopreservation: The process of preserving
animal and plant cells, in bananas at a temperature of -
196°C is called cryopreservation.
E.g. - The storage of plant seeds, buds, pollen, etc., and
animal semen, ovules, etc.

148. What is the purpose of a seed bank?

Answer: The purpose of seed storage is to store the
seeds in the cold room of seed storage for long-term
storage.

149. What is Genetic Engineering?

Answer: Genetic Engineering: Genetic engineering
means designing the appropriate genes or DNA. Its
other name is Recombinant DNA, which means it can be
recombined with any other molecule. DNA excision,
splicing, protoplast fusion, hybridoma creation, etc. are
genetic engineering.

150. Name three animals that have originated in

India.
Answer: Swarnamrig, jackal (Canis lupaster), and
Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) originated in India.