Binomial Probability
Determining the indicated probability for a binomial experiment with a
given number of trials and success probability.
JA by Julia Haloul
Binomial Distribution and Sampling
Without Replacement
1 Interdependent Trials 2 Exact Probabilities
In experiments with sampling without The binomial distribution equations
replacement, the trials are not do not give exact probabilities for
independent. Each trial affects the experiments with sampling without
probability of success in subsequent replacement, as they assume
trials. independent trials.
3 Hypergeometric Distribution
The hypergeometric distribution should be used instead of the binomial distribution
to calculate exact probabilities for sampling without replacement.
Probability of Australian Sheep Dogs'
Weight
30% 18 11
Estimated percentage of adult Sample size of adult Australian Number of dogs in the sample
Australian sheep dogs that sheep dogs studied that weigh 65 lb. or more
weigh 65 pounds or more
This problem explores the probability that exactly 11 out of a sample of 18 adult Australian sheep dogs
weigh 65 pounds or more, given that 30% of all adult Australian sheep dogs are estimated to weigh
that much.
Standard Deviation of Die Rolls
To find the standard deviation of the number of times a 3 is rolled in 360 die rolls, we can use the
formula for the standard deviation of a binomial distribution. The standard deviation is the square root
of the product of the number of trials, the probability of success, and the probability of failure.
Number of Trials (N) 360
Probability of Rolling a 3 (p) 1/6
Probability of Not Rolling a 3 (1-p) 5/6
Standard Deviation √(360 * 1/6 * 5/6) ≈ 7.5
Mean Number of First Graders Chosen
In this scenario, 13 children are randomly selected from a school with 6 grade levels, and 20% of the
students are first graders. The mean number of first graders chosen can be calculated using the
expected value formula for a binomial distribution.
15
10
0
Number of Trials (N) Probability of Success... Expected Value (mean)
The expected value, or mean, of the number of first graders chosen is 2.6. This means that on average,
approximately 2-3 first graders will be selected for the camp.
Area Under Standard Normal
Distribution Curve
z-score Area
To find the area under the standard normal distribution curve between z=1.50 and z=2.50, we can look
up the cumulative probabilities for each z-score and then subtract. The area between z=1.50 and
z=2.50 is 0.4938 - 0.4332 = 0.0606 or 6.06%.
Probability Using Standard Normal
Distribution
0.78 ?
z-score Probability P(z > 0.78)
To find the probability P(z > 0.78) using the standard normal distribution, we can look up the
cumulative probability for z = 0.78 in a standard normal distribution table or use a calculator. The
probability of a z-score greater than 0.78 is the complement of the cumulative probability, which is 1
minus the cumulative probability for z = 0.78.
Values Equidistant from Mean with 1%
Area in Tails
To find two values, one positive and one negative, that are equidistant from the mean and have a total
area of 1% in the two tails, we can use the properties of the standard normal distribution.
Mean (μ) 0
Standard Deviation (σ) 1
Positive Value 2.576
Negative Value -2.576
The z-scores that correspond to the 0.5% and 99.5% percentiles are ±2.576. These values are
equidistant from the mean and have a total area of 1% in the two tails of the standard normal
distribution.
Probability Using Standard Normal
Distribution
-0.51 ?
z-score Probability P(z < -0.51)
To find the probability P(z < -0.51) using the standard normal distribution, we can look up the
cumulative probability for z = -0.51 in a standard normal distribution table or use a calculator. The
probability of a z-score less than -0.51 is the cumulative probability for z = -0.51.
Probability of Value Greater Than 30 in
Normal Population
A normal population has a mean μ = 33 and standard deviation σ = 8. To find the probability that a
randomly chosen value will be greater than 30, we can use the standard normal distribution.
0.45
0.3
0.15
0
(30 - 33) / 8
The z-score for a value of 30 in this normal population is (30 - 33) / 8 = -0.375. Looking up the
corresponding probability in a standard normal distribution table or using a calculator, we find that the
probability of a value greater than 30 is 1 - 0.3729 = 0.6271 or 62.71%.