Ch8
Ch8 Review: Introduction to Probability
48 marks from 48 questions
Question 1
True or false?
With a fair die, rolling a five and not rolling a five have the same probability.
a) True
b) False
Question 2
The probability of winning a game is 0.25 and so the probability of not winning the game is:
a) 0
b) 0.25
c) 1 − 0.5
d) 0.75
e) 1
Question 3
When rolling a fair die, the probability of throwing a three is:
Question 4
What is the probability of the spinner landing on 3?
5
Question 5
Simon's mathematics class has ten boys and ten girls. A student is selected at random.
a) The change of selecting a girl is greater than 0.5.
b) The chance of selecting a boy is 0.5.
c) Selecting a boy is more likely than selecting a girl.
Question 6
Ten students were asked their age.
If one of them is selected at random, what is the probability of the student being 11 years old?
Give your answer as a decimal.
Question 7
The probability of not getting a green result on this spinner is:
Question 8
The probability of getting green using this spinner is:
a. 0
b. 0.25
c. 0.5
d. 1
Question 9
There are 50 marbles in a bag. If the probability of selecting a blue marble is 0.4, how many blue
marbles are in the bag?
Question 10
Picture on card Horse Cat DogBird
Experimental probability 0.32 0.17 ? ?
A pack contains cards showing pictures of a horse, a cat, a dog or a bird.
The table shows the results of an experiment where a card was drawn from a pack and then replaced.
What is the missing value in the table if it is found that dog and bird are equally likely to be drawn?
Give your answer as a decimal.
?=
Question 11
An experiment was run to collect the result from this spinner.
The most likely results from these options below would be:
a. blue = 6, red = 6, yellow = 6
b. blue = 10, red = 20, yellow = 4
c. blue = 5, red = 11, yellow = 6
d. blue = 22, red = 34, yellow = 24
Question 12
Tony has homework for history, English, mathematics, geography and art. He wrote each subject on
a piece of paper and will draw one at random to decide which to do first.
Select all the correct answers.
The probability that he:
a. does English homework first is 0.2
b. does not do English homework first is 0.8
c. does English homework first is the same as does not do English homework first
Question 13
It is estimated that a third of the United States’ fish species, two-thirds of its crayfish species and
almost three-quarters of its mussel species are in danger of extinction.
Peggy-Sue lives in California and likes to pick mussels off the rocks for lunch. The probability that
these are not in danger of extinction is:
Question 14
An experiment consisted of surveying a sample of students from a school to find their favourite
flavour of ice cream. This experiment was conducted again in each of the following two years.
Flavour Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Vanilla
Strawberry
Chocolate
Other
In the fourth year, the results of the previous years were averaged.
What would be used in the 4th year for the probability of a student preferring chocolate? Give your
answer in its simplest form.
Question 15
A jar contains chocolate chip cookies and Anzac biscuits. If Jim makes a selection at random from the
jar, he has a probability of selecting an Anzac biscuit. If there are 10 chocolate chip cookies, how
many Anzac biscuits are there?
Question 16
Which of the following events have the same probability of happening as not happening?
a) Tossing a tail with a fair coin
b) Throwing an odd number with a fair die
c) Throwing a two with a fair die
d) Drawing a red card from a standard pack of 52 playing cards
Question 17
A possibility diagram may also be known as:
a. a probability space diagram
b. a Venn diagram
c. a tally chart
d. a frequency diagram
Question 18
How many pairs of outcomes are there if you throw a coin and roll a die at the same time?
Question 19
These spinners have landed on 4 and 5. Enter the missing product of these two outcomes in the
possibility diagram:
Blue spinner
× 1 2 3 4 5
4 4 8 12 16
Yellow
6 6 12 18 24 30
spinner
8 8 16 24 32 40
Question 20
Blue spinner
× 1 2 3 4 5
4 4 8 12 16 20
Yellow
6 6 12 18 24 30
spinner
8 8 16 24 32 40
What is the probability of getting a 12 with these two spinners?
P(12) =
Question 21
You are constructing a possibility diagram for two experiments: rolling a normal die and turning
a 4-sided spinner.
How big should the possibility diagram grid be, including labels for the outcomes?
Give all possible sizes that could be used.
a. 7×5
b. 5×7
c. 4×6
d. 6×4
Question 22
This possibility diagram shows the outcomes when two normal dice are rolled and the numbers
added.
Die 2
+ 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Die 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
What is the probability of getting a sum greater than 6?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Question 23
Two special coins have numbers on either side. The coins were thrown and the positive difference of
the two numbers was found.
The possibility diagram has been completed but there is an error.
Which value is not correct?
2 7
6 4 1
9 11 2
Question 24
This possibility diagram shows the outcomes when two normal dice are rolled and the numbers
added.
Die 2
+ 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Die 1
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
What is the probability of getting a sum of 3?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Question 25
Okello has a bag containing 5 counters of different colours. He takes a counter from the bag, replaces
it and then takes a second counter. He records the colour of both counters.
He wants to make a possibility diagram to show the outcomes. What size will the grid need to be if he
includes the label row and column?
×
Question 26
Katya turned these spinners and recorded the lowest value out of the two numbers landed on.
How many different outcomes are there?
Question 27
The diagram shows all possibilities when a pair of dice are rolled and their results are added together.
Die 2
+ 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Die 1
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Which two totals both have a probability of ?
Enter the lower number first.
P( ) = P( )=
Question 28
Katya turned these spinners and recorded the highest value out of the two numbers landed on.
How many different outcomes are there?
Question 29
A special die has the numbers from 0 to 5 instead of 1 to 6.
Azra rolled two of these dice and recorded the product of the numbers.
What is the probability that she gets a value greater than 7?
36
Question 30
Two normal dice are thrown and the lowest common multiple is recorded.
What is the probability that the lowest common multiple is a square number?
Give your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.
Question 31
Two normal dice are thrown and the lowest common multiple is recorded.
What is the probability that the lowest common multiple is a prime number?
Give your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.
Question 32
A bag contains 5 red and 4 blue balls. A ball is drawn at random from the bag, replaced and a second
ball drawn. The colours are recorded.
By drawing a possibility diagram, find the probability of the two balls being the same colour.
Question 33
Which calculation represents the probability of picking either an Ace or a red King from a standard
pack of cards?
4 2 4 2
a. + b. –
52 52 52 52
4 2 4 2
c. ÷ d. ×
52 52 52 52
Question 34
A and B are mutually exclusive events, so P(A or B) =
a. P(A) + P(B)
b. P(A) – P(B)
c. P(A) × P(B)
d. P(A) ÷ P(B)
Question 35
The probability of getting two heads when flipping a coin twice can be worked out by calculating:
a. +
b. ×
c. ×
Question 36
Two events that cannot occur at the same time are said to be:
a. independent
b. corresponding
c. mutually inclusive
d. mutually exclusive
Question 37
Kristyna’s brother packs her school lunch each day.
The probability that she will have a banana in her lunch is .
The probability of having an apple is and an orange is .
What is the probability that Kristyna will have an apple today and a banana tomorrow?
Give your answer as a fraction in its lowest terms.
Question 38
What is the probability of getting either a 4 or a 6 when rolling a fair dice?
Give your answer as a fraction in its lowest terms.
Question 39
Kristyna’s brother packs her school lunch each day.
The probability that she will have a banana in her lunch is .
The probability of having an apple is and an orange is .
What is the probability that on one particular day Kristyna will have either an apple or an orange?
Give your answer as a fraction in its lowest terms.
Question 40
The probability that Ben wears a red T-shirt on any day is 0.2. The probability that he wears black
trousers on any day is 0.35.
What is the probability that Ben wears a red T-shirt and black trousers at the same time?
Question 41
A person can take their driving test as many times as needed in order to pass it.
The probability that Matteo passes his driving test on any one test is 0.8.
What is the probability that he passes his driving test on the second attempt?
Question 42
A bag contains a number of counters. The probability of getting a blue counter is 0.3, a green counter
is 0.5 and a red counter 0.1.
A counter is chosen from the bag, the colour recorded and then returned to the bag. This is repeated.
What is the probability that the first counter is blue and the second is not red?
Question 43
The probability that a student passed their end of year exams was 0.73 for maths and 0.66 for
English.
What is the probability that a student passed both subjects?
a. 0.48
b. 0.70
c. 1.39
Question 44
2% of the world’s population have naturally blonde hair, 1.5% have red and 74% have dark brown
hair.
10% of the population are left-handed.
55% of the population have brown eyes while only 2% have green eyes.
What is the probability that someone picked at random is left-handed and has red hair?
a. 15%
b. 1.5%
c. 0.15%
d. 0.0015%
Question 45
A person can take their driving test as many times as needed in order to pass it.
The probability that Matteo passes his driving test is 0.8.
What is the probability that he passes his driving test on either the first or the second attempt?
Question 46
Mikel has five red, seven brown and eight blue T-shirts.
He also has two blue, three brown and five black jackets.
What is the probability that Mikel will be wearing the same colour T-shirt and jacket?
Question 47
An 8-sided die and a 12-sided die are rolled at the same time.
What is the probability that the sum of their numbers is more than 16?
Give your answer as a fraction in its lowest terms.
Question 48
A bag contains a number of counters. The probability of getting a blue counter is 0.3, a green counter
is 0.5 and a red counter 0.1. The rest of the counters are yellow.
A counter is chosen from the bag, the colour recorded and then returned to the bag. This is repeated.
What is the probability that both counters are the same colour?
Answer Key - Ch8
Q1: b
Q2: d
Q3: 1|6
Q4: 1
Q5: b
Q6: 0.2
Q7: 3|4
Q8: b
Q9: 20
Q10: 0.255
Q11: c
Q12: a|b
Q13: 1|4
Q14: 53|90
Q15: 8
Q16: a|b|d
Q17: a
Q18: 12
Q19: 20
Q20: 2|15
Q21: a|b
Q22: b
Q23: 11
Q24: d
Q25: 6|6
Q26: 5
Q27: 6|8
Q28: 4
Q29: 13
Q30: 1|6
Q31: 1|4
Q32: 41|81
Q33: a
Q34: a
Q35: c
Q36: d
Q37: 1|12
Q38: 1|3
Q39: 1|2
Q40: 0.07
Q41: 0.16
Q42: 0.27
Q43: a
Q44: c
Q45: 0.96
Q46: 0.185
Q47: 5|48
Q48: 0.36