CHAPTER III

PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION, AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

This chapter presents, interprets, and analyses the data gathered during the study on the efficacy
of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in enhancing the well-being of Level 2 nursing students.
The data analysis intends to provide insights into how MBSR affects individuals' stress levels, coping
mechanisms, and general well-being.

Participant Demographics

Age distribution: The age range of participants was between 20 and 25 years, with the majority falling
within the 22-23 age group.

Gender distribution: The sample consisted of 70% female and 30% male participants.
 PRE-INTERVENTION PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION, AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

PHYSICAL WELL BEING

2.1 In the past month, how often have you been upset because of something that happened
unexpectedly?

TABLE 01

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 23 participants selected this option, accounting for 8.61% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 118 participants selected this option, constituting 44.18% of the sample.

Response 3 (Often): 95 participants selected this option, representing 35.58% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very often): 30 participants selected this option, making up 11.24% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.36.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.88.

Interpretation:

According to the findings, the majority of participant’s encountered challenges in the previous month,
with a sizable proportion reported experiencing them on a regular basis. The average result of roughly
2.36 indicates that participants felt obstacles piling up to a significant amount. The standard deviation of
around 0.88 suggests substantial diversity in replies, implying that while the majority of individuals
encountered issues piling up, the degree of this experience varied amongst people.

These findings illustrate the common stressors and challenges that nursing students face, emphasizing the
significance of developing appropriate coping methods and support structures to promote their well-
being.
2.1 In the past month, how often have you found that you could not cope with all the things that you
had to do?

Table 2

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 23 participants selected this option, accounting for 8.61% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 139 participants selected this option, constituting 52.05% of the sample.

Response 3 (Often): 81 participants selected this option, representing 30.34% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very often): 24 participants selected this option, making up 8.99% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.27.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.84.

Interpretation:

The analysis indicates that a majority of the participants often found it difficult to cope with all the things
they had to do in the past month, with over half reporting experiencing this fairly often. The mean value
of approximately 2.27 suggests that, on average, participant’s perceived difficulty coping to a moderate
extent. The standard deviation of approximately 0.84 indicates moderate variability in responses,
suggesting that while the majority experienced difficulty coping, there was variation in the severity of this
experience among participants.
2.1 In the past month, how often have you been angered because of things that happened that been
outside of your control?

Table 3

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 25 participants selected this option, accounting for 9.36% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 125 participants selected this option, constituting 46.82% of the sample.

Response 3 (Often): 78 participants selected this option, representing 29.21% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very often): 39 participants selected this option, making up 14.61% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.36.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.89.

Interpretation:

According to the findings, the majority of participants frequently felt angry as a result of events beyond
their control in the previous month, with nearly half reported doing so on a regular basis. The mean value
of roughly 2.36 indicates that participants sensed anger in response to external events to a moderate
degree. The standard deviation of around 0.89 suggests substantial variability in answers, implying that,
while the majority of participants experienced anger as a result of external events, the severity of this
emotion varied amongst people.
2.1 In the past month, how often have you felt that you were unable to control irritations in your
life?

Table 4

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 23 participants selected this option, accounting for 8.61% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 104 participants selected this option, constituting 38.95% of the sample.

Response 3 (Often): 65 participants selected this option, representing 24.34% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very often): 75 participants selected this option, making up 28.10% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.58.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.91.

Interpretation:

The data gathered indicates that a significant portion of the participants felt unable to control irritations in
their lives, with the majority selecting "Fairly often" or "Very often." The mean value of approximately
2.58 indicates that, on average, participants perceived a moderate level of difficulty in controlling
irritations. The standard deviation of roughly 0.91 implies some response variability, showing that while
many participants had this challenge, the intensity varied by person.
2.1 In the past month, how often have you felt difficulties were piling up so high that you could not
overcome them?

Table 5

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 32 participants selected this option, accounting for 11.99% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 88 participants selected this option, constituting 32.96% of the sample.

Response 3 (Often): 118 participants selected this option, representing 44.18% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very often): 29 participants selected this option, making up 10.87% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.42.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.86.

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that a substantial portion of the participants experienced difficulties piling up to a
level where they felt they could not overcome them, with the majority selecting the options "Often" or
"Fairly often." The mean value of approximately 2.42 indicates that, on average, participants perceived a
moderate level of difficulty in overcoming piled-up stressors. The standard deviation of approximately
0.86 suggests some variability in responses, indicating that while many participants experienced this
difficulty, the severity varied among individuals.
MENTAL WELL BEING

2.2 In the past month, how often have you felt that you were unable to control the important things
in your life?

Table 6

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 34 participants selected this option, accounting for 12.73% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 121 participants selected this option, constituting 45.29% of the sample.

Response 3 (Often): 80 participants selected this option, representing 29.92% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very often): 32 participants selected this option, making up 11.97% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.24.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.92.

Interpretation:

The analysis indicates that a significant portion of the participants felt unable to control important aspects
of their lives, with a majority selecting the options "Fairly often" or "Often." The mean value of
approximately 2.24 suggests that, on average, participants perceived a moderate level of difficulty in
controlling important life matters. The standard deviation of approximately 0.92 indicates some
variability in responses, suggesting that while many participants experienced this feeling, the intensity
varied among individuals.
2.2 In the past month, how often have you felt confident about your ability to handle your personal
problems?

Table 7

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 25 participants selected this option, accounting for 9.36% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 85 participants selected this option, constituting 31.84% of the sample.

Response 3 (Often): 121 participants selected this option, representing 45.32% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very often): 37 participants selected this option, making up 13.86% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.53.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.98.

Interpretation:

The analysis indicates that a significant portion of the participants felt confident about their ability to
handle personal problems, with the majority selecting options "Often" or "Fairly often." The mean value
of approximately 2.53 suggests that, on average, participants perceived a moderate to high level of
confidence in handling personal problems. The standard deviation of approximately 0.98 indicates some
variability in responses, suggesting differing levels of confidence among individuals.
2.2 In the past month, how often have you felt that things were going your way?

Table 8

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 26 participants selected this option, accounting for 9.74% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 91 participants selected this option, constituting 34.08% of the sample.

Response 3 (Often): 105 participants selected this option, representing 39.33% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very often): 45 participants selected this option, making up 16.85% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.52.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.91.

Interpretation:

Given the data analysis, a significant percentage of participants stated that things were going their way,
with the majority selecting "Often" or "Fairly often." The mean value of approximately 2.52 suggests that
participants believed that things were going their way on average. A standard deviation of approximately
0.91 implies that responses differ between individuals, pointing to some degree of variation in
perceptions.
2.2 In the past month, how often have you felt that you were on top of things?

Table 9

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 60 participants selected this option, accounting for 22.47% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 127 participants selected this option, constituting 47.56% of the sample.

Response 3 (Often): 63 participants selected this option, representing 23.61% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very often): 17 participants selected this option, making up 6.36% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.12.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.86.

Interpretation:

The examination demonstrates that a considerable number of participants believed they were effectively
managing their responsibilities, as most chose "Fairly often" or "Often." With a mean value of around
2.12, it implies that, on average, participants felt they were on top of things quite frequently. The standard
deviation of approximately 0.86 points to variability in responses, indicating differing views among
individuals.
2.2 In the past month, how often have you felt nervous and stressed?

Table 10

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 19 participants selected this option, accounting for 7.09% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 46 participants selected this option, constituting 17.16% of the sample.

Response 3 (Often): 91 participants selected this option, representing 33.96% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very often): 114 participants selected this option, making up 42.59% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.82.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.97.

Interpretation:

The result reveals that a significant portion of participants believed they were effectively managing their
responsibilities, as most chose "Fairly often" or "Often." With a mean value of around 2.12, it implies
that, on average, participants felt they were on top of things quite frequently. The standard deviation of
approximately 0.86 points to variability in responses, indicating differing views among individuals.
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING

2.3 In the past month, how often have you found that you could not cope with all the things that you
had to do?

Table 11

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 26 participants (9.7%) felt they could not cope at all.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 119 participants (44.48%) felt they could not cope fairly often.

Response 3 (Often): 98 participants (36.64%) felt they could not cope often.

Response 4 (Very often): 23 participants (8.59%) felt they could not cope very often.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.24.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.88.

Interpretation:

The analysis illustrates that a substantial number of participants found it challenging to cope with their
responsibilities. Most respondents indicated feeling overwhelmed fairly often (44.48%) or often
(36.64%). However, a notable portion also reported feeling unable to cope at all (9.7%) or very often
(8.59%). The mean value of approximately 2.243 indicates that, on average, participants felt they could
not cope fairly often. The standard deviation of approximately 0.881 suggests some variability in
responses, reflecting different levels of perceived difficulty in coping among individuals.
2.3 In the past month, how often have you been able to control irritations in your life?

Table 12

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 30 participants (9.93%) felt they were able to control irritations in their lives
rarely.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 127 participants (42.05%) felt they were able to control irritations in their lives
occasionally.

Response 3 (Often): 85 participants (28.14%) felt they were able to control irritations in their lives quite
often.

Response 4 (Very often): 24 participants (7.94%) felt they were able to control irritations in their lives
very often.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.33

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.904

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that a significant number of participants felt they were able to control irritations in
their lives to some extent. The majority reported being able to control irritations occasionally (42.05%) or
quite often (28.14%). However, a notable portion also indicated feeling this way rarely (9.93%) or very
often (7.94%). The mean value of approximately 2.33 indicates that, on average, participants felt they
were able to control irritations occasionally. The standard deviation of approximately 0.904 suggests
some variability in responses, indicating differing levels of perceived control among individuals.
2.3 In the past month, how often have you felt difficulties were piling up so high that you could not
overcome them?

Table 13

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 25 participants (8.33%) found that they could not cope with all the things they
had to do rarely.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 140 participants (46.67%) found that they could not cope with all the things
they had to do occasionally.

Response 3 (Often): 82 participants (27.33%) found that they could not cope with all the things they had
to do quite often.

Response 4 (Very often): 20 participants (6.67%) found that they could not cope with all the things they
had to do very often.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.09

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.881

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that a significant portion of participants found it challenging to cope with all the
things they had to do. The majority reported finding it difficult occasionally (46.67%) or quite often
(27.33%). However, some participants also reported rarely (8.33%) or very often (6.67%) feeling unable
to cope. The mean value of approximately 2.09 indicates that, on average, participants found it
challenging to cope occasionally. The standard deviation of approximately 0.881 suggests some
variability in responses, indicating differing levels of perceived coping ability among individuals.

2.3 In the past month, how often have you been upset because of something that happened
unexpectedly?
 Table 14

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 22 participants (7.33%) reported being upset because of something that happened
unexpectedly rarely.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 108 participants (36.00%) reported being upset because of something that
happened unexpectedly occasionally.

Response 3 (Often): 106 participants (35.33%) reported being upset because of something that happened
unexpectedly quite often.

Response 4 (Very often): 31 participants (10.33%) reported being upset because of something that
happened unexpectedly very often.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.44

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.865

Interpretation:

The study shows that a significant proportion of participants were unhappy as a result of unexpected
events, with reactions split throughout the various choices. The majority reported having this feeling
either rarely (36.0%) or frequently (35.33%). However, other people reported being distressed by
unexpected events only occasionally (7.33%) or frequently (10.33%). The mean value of roughly 2.44
indicates that individuals experienced this feeling occasionally to rather frequently. The standard
deviation of around 0.865 demonstrates some heterogeneity in responses, showing that individuals have
different levels of sensitivity to unexpected events.

2.3 In the past month, how often have you felt that you were unable to control the important things
in your life?
 Table 15

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 26 participants (8.67%) reported rarely feeling unable to control important things
in their lives.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 145 participants (48.33%) reported occasionally feeling unable to control
important things in their lives.

Response 3 (Often): 67 participants (22.33%) reported feeling unable to control important things in their
lives quite often.

Response 4 (Very often): 29 participants (9.67%) reported feeling unable to control important things in
their lives very often.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.21

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.886

Interpretation:

The analysis reveals that a significant number of participants experienced feelings of being unable to
control important aspects of their lives, with responses spread across the different options. The majority
reported experiencing this feeling either occasionally (48.33%) or quite often (22.33%). However, some
participants reported rarely (8.67%) or very often (9.67%) feeling unable to control important things. The
mean value of approximately 2.21 suggests that, on average, participants experienced this feeling
occasionally to quite often. The standard deviation of approximately 0.886 indicates some variability in
responses, suggesting differing levels of perceived control among individuals.

BEHAVIORAL WELL BEING

2.4 In the past month, how often have you felt confident about your ability to handle your personal
problems?

Table 16

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 28 participants (8.33%) reported rarely feeling confident about their ability to
handle personal problems.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 93 participants (27.68%) reported occasionally feeling confident about their
ability to handle personal problems.

Response 3 (Often): 98 participants (29.17%) reported feeling confident about their ability to handle
personal problems quite often.

Response 4 (Very often): 48 participants (14.29%) reported feeling very confident about their ability to
handle personal problems.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.60

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.845

Interpretation:

The analysis indicates that a significant portion of participants reported feeling confident about their
ability to handle personal problems, with responses distributed across the different options. The majority
reported feeling confident either occasionally (27.68%) or quite often (29.17%). However, some
participants reported feeling confident rarely (8.33%) or very often (14.29%). The mean value of
approximately 2.60 suggests that, on average, participants felt confident about their ability to handle
personal problems occasionally to quite often. The standard deviation of approximately 0.845 indicates
some variability in responses, suggesting differing levels of confidence among individuals.

2.4 In the past month, how often have you felt that things were going your way?
 Table 17

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 30 participants (8.93%) reported rarely feeling that things were going their way.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 86 participants (25.52%) reported occasionally feeling that things were going
their way.

Response 3 (Often): 109 participants (32.42%) reported feeling that things were going their way quite
often.

Response 4 (Very often): 43 participants (12.78%) reported feeling that things were going their way very
often.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.58

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.845

Interpretation:

According to the data, a considerable proportion of individuals reported feeling like things were going
their way, with responses spread throughout the various possibilities. The majority reported feeling this
way either rarely (25.52%) or frequently (32.42%). However, some participants reported feeling this way
infrequently (8.93%) or frequently (12.78%). The mean number of roughly 2.58 indicates that participants
thought that things were going their way from time to time. The standard deviation of around 0.845
reveals some variety in replies, implying that people' perceptions differ.

2.4 In the past month, how often have you been able to control irritations in your life?
 Table 18

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 40 participants (11.90%) reported rarely being able to control irritations in their
life.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 138 participants (41.01%) reported occasionally being able to control
irritations.

Response 3 (Often): 74 participants (22.01%) reported often being able to control irritations.

Response 4 (Very often): 15 participants (4.46%) reported very often being able to control irritations.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.14

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.831

Interpretation:

According to the findings, participants' ability to manage irritations in their lives differed greatly. The
majority reported being able to control irritations on occasion (41.01%) or frequently (22.01%). However,
a sizable proportion reported being able to control irritations only occasionally (11.90%) or frequently
(4.46%). The mean score of roughly 2.14 indicates that participants reported being able to control
irritations on occasion, which is excessively often. The standard deviation of roughly 0.831 demonstrates
some variety in replies, illustrating the differences in experiences between individuals.

2.4 In the past month, how often have you felt that you were on top of things?
 Table 19

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 61 participants (23.28%) reported rarely feeling on top of things in the past
month.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 97 participants (36.89%) reported occasionally feeling on top of things.

Response 3 (Often): 95 participants (36.17%) reported often feeling on top of things.

Response 4 (Very often): 14 participants (5.33%) reported very often feeling on top of things.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.25

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.889

Interpretation:

The analysis shows that the participants varied in how often they felt on top of things in the past month. A
significant portion reported occasionally (36.89%) or often (36.17%) feeling on top of things, while fewer
reported rarely (23.28%) or very often (5.33%) feeling this way. The mean value of approximately 2.25
suggests that, on average, participants reported occasionally to often feeling on top of things. The
standard deviation of approximately 0.889 indicates some variability in responses, highlighting differing
experiences among individuals.

2.4 In the past month, how often have you been angered because of things that happened that were
outside of your control?
 Table 20

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 34 participants (12.79%) reported rarely being angered because of things outside
of their control in the past month.

Response 2 (Fairly often): 95 participants (35.71%) reported occasionally being angered because of
things outside of their control.

Response 3 (Often): 105 participants (39.47%) reported often being angered because of things outside of
their control.

Response 4 (Very often): 33 participants (12.44%) reported very often being angered because of things
outside of their control.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.44

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.922

Interpretation:

The analysis reveals that a significant proportion of participants reported often (39.47%) or occasionally
(35.71%) feeling angered because of things outside of their control in the past month. Fewer participants
reported rarely (12.79%) or very often (12.44%) experiencing this emotion. The mean value of
approximately 2.44 indicates that, on average, participants reported feeling angered because of things
outside of their control occasionally too often. The standard deviation of approximately 0.922 suggests
some variability in responses, indicating differing experiences among individuals.

POST-INTERVENTION PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION, AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

PHYSICAL WELL BEING

1.1 How would you rate your overall physical well-being after completing the MBSR program?

Table 21

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): No participants selected this option, accounting for 0% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): No participants selected this option, constituting 0% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 44 participants selected this option, representing 61.11% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 27 participants selected this option, making up 37.5% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.13.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.77.

Interpretation:

Since no participants selected the "Not at all" or "Fairly good" options, the analysis focuses on the
responses indicating positive physical well-being after completing the MBSR program. The majority of
participants rated their overall physical well-being as "Good" or "Very good." The mean value of
approximately 3.13 indicates a relatively high average rating. The standard deviation of approximately
0.77 suggests some variability in responses, indicating differing levels of perceived well-being among
participants.

1.2 Please rate the improvement in the quality of your sleep during the MBSR program.

Table 22
Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): No participants selected this option, accounting for 0% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 25 participants selected this option, constituting 41.67% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 26 participants selected this option, representing 43.33% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 20 participants selected this option, making up 33.33% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 2.54.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.68.

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that the majority of participants experienced some level of improvement in the
quality of their sleep during the MBSR program, with most selecting "Fairly good," "Good," or "Very
good" options. No participants reported no improvement ("Not at all"). The mean value of approximately
2.54 indicates a relatively positive average perception of sleep improvement. The standard deviation of
approximately 0.68 suggests some variability in responses, indicating differing levels of perceived
improvement among participants.

1.3 To what extent did your engagement in physical activities (e.g., exercise, yoga) change during
the program?
 Table 23

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): No participants selected this option, accounting for 0% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 14 participants selected this option, constituting 23.73% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 41 participants selected this option, representing 69.49% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 16 participants selected this option, making up 27.12% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.03.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.76.

Interpretation:

The analysis indicates that the majority of participants experienced some level of increase in engagement
in physical activities during the program, with most selecting "Good" or "Very good" options. No
participants reported no change ("Not at all"). The mean value of approximately 3.03 suggests an overall
positive shift in engagement with physical activities. The standard deviation of approximately 0.76
indicates some variability in responses, reflecting differing levels of perceived change among
participants.

1.4 Rate the change in your energy levels or physical vitality as a result of participating in the
MBSR program.
Table 24

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): No participants selected this option, accounting for 0% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 15 participants selected this option, constituting 26.79% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 28 participants selected this option, representing 50.00% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 28 participants selected this option, making up 50.00% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.28.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.76.

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that the majority of participants experienced some level of increase in energy levels
or physical vitality as a result of participating in the MBSR program, with most selecting "Good" or
"Very good" options. No participants reported no change ("Not at all"). The mean value of approximately
3.28 indicates an overall positive shift in energy levels. The standard deviation of approximately 0.76
indicates some variability in responses, reflecting differing levels of perceived change among
participants.

1.5 Evaluate the reduction in specific physical symptoms of stress (e.g., headaches, muscle tension)
after completing the MBSR program.

Table 25
Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 1 participant selected this option, accounting for 1.64% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 19 participants selected this option, constituting 31.15% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 23 participants selected this option, representing 37.70% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 28 participants selected this option, making up 45.90% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.18.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.88.

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that the majority of participants experienced some reduction in specific physical
symptoms of stress after completing the MBSR program, with most selecting "Good" or "Very good"
options. Only a small percentage reported no reduction ("Not at all"). The mean value of approximately
3.18 indicates an overall positive reduction in physical symptoms of stress. The standard deviation of
approximately 0.88 indicates some variability in responses, reflecting differing levels of perceived
reduction among participants.

MENTAL WELL-BEING
2.1 Rate the improvement in your ability to focus and concentrate after participating in the MBSR
program.

Table 26

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): No participants selected this option, accounting for 0% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 10 participants selected this option, constituting 17.86% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 41 participants selected this option, representing 73.21% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 20 participants selected this option, making up 35.71% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.25.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.82.

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that the majority of participants experienced some level of improvement in their
ability to focus and concentrate after participating in the MBSR program, with most selecting "Good" or
"Very good" options. No participants reported no improvement ("Not at all"). The mean value of
approximately 3.25 indicates an overall positive improvement in focus and concentration. The standard
deviation of approximately 0.82 indicates some variability in responses, reflecting differing levels of
perceived improvement among participants.

2.2 Please rate the change in your overall mood or emotional well-being during the MBSR
program.
Table 27

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): No participants selected this option, accounting for 0% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 12 participants selected this option, constituting 18.18% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 38 participants selected this option, representing 57.58% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 21 participants selected this option, making up 31.82% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.23.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.80.

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that the majority of participants experienced some level of improvement in their
overall mood or emotional well-being during the MBSR program, with most selecting "Good" or "Very
good" options. No participants reported no improvement ("Not at all"). The mean value of approximately
3.23 indicates an overall positive improvement in mood or emotional well-being. The standard deviation
of approximately 0.80 indicates some variability in responses, reflecting differing levels of perceived
improvement among particip
2.3 How effective were the mindfulness techniques in managing your stress?

Table 28

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): No participants selected this option, accounting for 0% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 23 participants selected this option, constituting 38.98% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 23 participants selected this option, representing 38.98% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 25 participants selected this option, making up 42.37% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.26.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.63.

Interpretation:

The analysis indicates that the mindfulness techniques were perceived as effective in managing stress by
the majority of participants, with most selecting "Good" or "Very good" options. No participants reported
the techniques as not effective ("Not at all"). The mean value of approximately 3.26 indicates an overall
positive perception of effectiveness. The standard deviation of approximately 0.63 suggests low
variability in responses, indicating a generally consistent view among participants regarding the
effectiveness of mindfulness techniques in stress management.
2.4 Rate the improvement in your mental clarity and cognitive function after completing the MBSR
program.

Table 29

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 1 participant selected this option, accounting for 1.54% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 17 participants selected this option, constituting 26.15% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 29 participants selected this option, representing 44.62% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 23 participants selected this option, making up 35.38% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.29.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.71.

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that the majority of participants experienced some level of improvement in their
mental clarity and cognitive function after completing the MBSR program, with most selecting "Good" or
"Very good" options. Only a small percentage reported no improvement ("Not at all"). The mean value of
approximately 3.29 indicates an overall positive improvement. The standard deviation of approximately
0.71 suggests some variability in responses, reflecting differing levels of perceived improvement among
participants.
 2.5 To what extent did the MBSR program help you cope with academic pressures or challenges
related to your studies?

Table 30

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 1 participant selected this option, accounting for 1.23% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 4 participants selected this option, constituting 4.94% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 44 participants selected this option, representing 54.32% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 23 participants selected this option, making up 28.40% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.26.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.89.

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that the MBSR program was perceived to be effective in helping participants cope
with academic pressures or challenges related to their studies, with the majority selecting "Good" or
"Very good" options. A small percentage reported limited effectiveness ("Not at all" or "Fairly good").
The mean value of approximately 3.26 indicates an overall positive perception of the program's
effectiveness. The standard deviation of approximately 0.89 suggests some variability in responses,
reflecting differing levels of perceived effectiveness among participants.
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

3.1 Evaluate the impact of the MBSR program on your self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Table 31

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 2 participants selected this option, accounting for 3.03% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 27 participants selected this option, constituting 40.91% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 32 participants selected this option, representing 48.48% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 11 participants selected this option, making up 16.67% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.06.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.79.

Interpretation:

The analysis indicates that the MBSR program had a positive impact on participants' self-awareness and
self-acceptance, with the majority selecting "Good" or "Very good" options. A small percentage reported
limited impact ("Not at all" or "Fairly good"). The mean value of approximately 3.06 indicates an overall
positive impact. The standard deviation of approximately 0.79 suggests some variability in responses,
reflecting differing levels of perceived impact among participants.
3.2 Rate the effectiveness of mindfulness in regulating your emotions and managing stressors in
your life.

Table 32

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): No participants selected this option, accounting for 0% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 12 participants selected this option, constituting 19.35% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 41 participants selected this option, representing 66.13% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 18 participants selected this option, making up 29.03% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.13.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.82.

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that mindfulness is perceived to be effective in regulating emotions and managing
stressors in the lives of participants, with the majority selecting "Good" or "Very good" options. No
participants reported that mindfulness was not effective ("Not at all"). The mean value of approximately
3.13 indicates an overall positive perception of effectiveness. The standard deviation of approximately
0.82 suggests some variability in responses, reflecting differing levels of perceived effectiveness among
participants.
3.3 How often did you feel more connected with yourself and others during the MBSR program?

Table 33

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): No participants selected this option, accounting for 0% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 15 participants selected this option, constituting 19.23% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 26 participants selected this option, representing 33.33% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 40 participants selected this option, making up 51.28% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.53.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.80.

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that during the MBSR program, a majority of participants felt more connected with
themselves and others, with the majority selecting "Good" or "Very good" options. No participants
reported feeling disconnected ("Not at all"). The mean value of approximately 3.53 indicates a generally
high level of perceived connection. The standard deviation of approximately 0.80 suggests some
variability in responses, reflecting differing levels of perceived connection among participants.
3.4 Rate the improvement in your level of mindfulness or awareness of the present moment
throughout the day.

Table 34

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): No participants selected this option, accounting for 0% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 3 participants selected this option, constituting 3.70% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 33 participants selected this option, representing 40.74% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 35 participants selected this option, making up 43.21% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.81.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.70.

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that participants experienced improvement in their level of mindfulness or
awareness of the present moment throughout the day during the MBSR program, with the majority
selecting "Good" or "Very good" options. No participants reported no improvement ("Not at all"). The
mean value of approximately 3.81 indicates an overall high level of perceived improvement. The standard
deviation of approximately 0.70 suggests some variability in responses, reflecting differing levels of
perceived improvement among participants.
3.5 How did the MBSR program contribute to your psychological well-being?

Table 35

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): No participants selected this option, accounting for 0% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 16 participants selected this option, constituting 25.00% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 36 participants selected this option, representing 56.25% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 19 participants selected this option, making up 29.69% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.38.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.69.

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that the MBSR program made a positive contribution to participants' psychological
well-being, with the majority selecting "Good" or "Very good" options. No participants reported no
contribution ("Not at all"). The mean value of approximately 3.38 indicates an overall positive perception
of the program's contribution to psychological well-being. The standard deviation of approximately 0.69
suggests some variability in responses, reflecting differing levels of perceived contribution among
participants.
BEHAVIORAL WELL BEING

4.1 To what extent have you incorporated mindfulness practices into your daily routine post MBSR
program?

Table 36

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): No participants selected this option, accounting for 0% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 3 participants selected this option, constituting 3.61% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 30 participants selected this option, representing 36.14% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 38 participants selected this option, making up 45.78% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.60.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.76.

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that a significant portion of participants have incorporated mindfulness practices
into their daily routines post-MBSR program, with the majority selecting "Good" or "Very good" options.
No participants reported not incorporating mindfulness practices at all. The mean value of approximately
3.60 indicates an overall high level of incorporation. The standard deviation of approximately 0.76
suggests some variability in responses, reflecting differing levels of incorporation among participants.
4.2 To what extent have you incorporated mindfulness practices into your daily routine post MBSR
program?

Table 37

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 1 participant selected this option, accounting for 2.33% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 12 participants selected this option, constituting 27.91% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 32 participants selected this option, representing 74.42% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 26 participants selected this option, making up 60.47% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.21.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.90.

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that a majority of participants have incorporated mindfulness practices into their
daily routines post-MBSR program, with the majority selecting "Good" or "Very good" options. A small
percentage reported not incorporating mindfulness practices at all ("Not at all"). The mean value of
approximately 3.21 indicates a generally high level of incorporation. The standard deviation of
approximately 0.90 suggests some variability in responses, reflecting differing levels of incorporation
among participants.
4.3 How has the MBSR program influenced your approach to handling challenges or conflicts in
your life?

Table 38

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 1 participant selected this option, accounting for 1.35% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 6 participants selected this option, constituting 8.11% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 45 participants selected this option, representing 60.81% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 20 participants selected this option, making up 27.03% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.39.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.87.

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that the MBSR program has positively influenced participants' approach to
handling challenges or conflicts in their lives, with the majority selecting "Good" or "Very good" options.
A small percentage reported no influence ("Not at all"). The mean value of approximately 3.39 indicates
an overall positive influence. The standard deviation of approximately 0.87 suggests some variability in
responses, reflecting differing levels of influence among participants.
4.4 To what extent did mindfulness impact your decision-making process or behavior in academic
and non-academic settings?

Table 39

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): 1 participant selected this option, accounting for 3.03% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 16 participants selected this option, constituting 48.48% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 38 participants selected this option, representing 78.79% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 16 participants selected this option, making up 51.52% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.29.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.73.

Interpretation:

The analysis suggests that mindfulness had a positive impact on participants' decision-making processes
or behaviors in both academic and non-academic settings, with the majority selecting "Good" or "Very
good" options. A small percentage reported no impact ("Not at all"). The mean value of approximately
3.29 indicates an overall positive impact. The standard deviation of approximately 0.73 suggests some
variability in responses, reflecting differing levels of impact among participants.
4.5 Considering your experience, would you recommend the MBSR program to other students
experiencing high levels of perceived stress?

Table 40

Analysis:

Response 1 (Not at all): No participants selected this option, accounting for 0% of the sample.

Response 2 (Fairly good): 4 participants selected this option, constituting 6.15% of the sample.

Response 3 (Good): 43 participants selected this option, representing 66.15% of the sample.

Response 4 (Very good): 24 participants selected this option, making up 36.92% of the sample.

Mean and Standard Deviation:

Mean: The mean value for this question is approximately 3.37.

Standard Deviation: The standard deviation for this question is approximately 0.73.

Interpretation:

The analysis indicates that the majority of participants would recommend the MBSR program to other
students experiencing high levels of perceived stress, with the majority selecting "Good" or "Very good"
options. No participants indicated they would not recommend the program ("Not at all"). The mean value
of approximately 3.37 indicates an overall positive recommendation. The standard deviation of
approximately 0.73 suggests some variability in responses, reflecting differing levels of recommendation
among participants.
 T-Test for Physical Well Being

Significance Level: 0.05

Mean (1): 2.40

Mean (2): 3.03

SS (1): 0.05

SS (2): 0.34

Treatment 1 Diff (X - M) Sq. Diff (X - Treatment 2 Diff (X - M) Sq. Diff (X -

M)2 M)2
2.36 -0.04 0.02 3.13 0.10 0.01

2.27 -0.13 0.00 2.54 -0.49 0.24

2.36 -0.04 0.03 3.03 0.00 0.00

2.58 0.18 0.00 3.28 0.25 0.06

2.42 0.02 0.00 3.18 0.15 0.02

Difference Scores Calculations

Treatment 1

N1: 5

df1 = N - 1 = 5 - 1 = 4

M1: 2.4

SS1: 0.05

s21 = SS1/(N - 1) = 0.05/(5-1) = 0.01

Treatment 2

N2: 5

df2 = N - 1 = 5 - 1 = 4

M2: 3.03

SS2: 0.34

s22 = SS2/(N - 1) = 0.34/(5-1) = 0.08

T-value Calculation

s2p = ((df1/(df1 + df2)) * s21) + ((df2/(df2 + df2)) * s22) = ((4/8) * 0.01) + ((4/8) * 0.08) = 0.05

s2M1 = s2p/N1 = 0.05/5 = 0.01

s2M2 = s2p/N2 = 0.05/5 = 0.01

t = (M1 - M2)/√(s2M1 + s2M2) = -0.63/√0.02 = -4.55

The t-value of -4.55 indicates a significant difference in physical well-being scores between Treatment 1
and Treatment 2. This suggests that there is a notable variation in the effectiveness of these treatments
in improving the physical well-being of Level 2 nursing students.

In the context of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and its effectiveness on enhancing well-
being among nursing students, this data provides evidence supporting the potential benefits of such
interventions. The negative t-value suggests that Treatment 2 (presumably the MBSR intervention) has a
higher mean physical well-being score compared to Treatment 1.

Therefore, the findings imply that implementing MBSR programs within nursing education, as a means
to alleviate stress and enhance well-being, could be advantageous. By incorporating mindfulness
practices into the curriculum, nursing schools may contribute to the overall well-being and resilience of
their students, ultimately fostering a healthier and more effective nursing workforce.