Topic 7.
1: Acids, bases and salts
Elaa
Worksheet C7.1c(1) Making a soluble salt (1) —using Yaver
titration method
A soluble salt can be made by reacting an acid with an alkali —a neutralisation reaction. To ensure that
the quantities of acid and alkali exactly neutralise each other (the end-point), the reaction is first
performedusing an indicator (a titrationreaction) and can then be repeated without the indicator.
Typically,the acid is put in the burette and the alkali is measured in a pipette.
This activity is about the titrationtechnique and requires a high degree of care to obtain an accurate
result.
Apparatus
buretteand stand, 25 cm3 pipette and bulb filler, conical flask, white tile
dilutehydrochloric acid, dilute sodium hydroxide, wash bottle containing distilled water, methyl orange
eye protection(splash-proof goggles)
SAFETY INFORMATION
Wear eye protection (splash-proof goggles).
Method
1. Put on your eye protection.
2. Rinse the burette first with distilled water and then with
the dilute hydrochloric acid. Discard the solution used. filler bulb
3. Rinse the pipette first with distilled water and then with
dilute sodium hydroxide solution. Discard the solution
used.
4. Following the instructions from your teacher, use the
pipette containing
pipette bulb filler to transfer exactly 25.00 cm3 of dilute sodium hydroxide
sodium hydroxide to a conical flask. Add 3 drops of solution
methylorange indicator. Stand the conical flask on the
white tile.
5. Following the instructions from your teacher, fill the
burettewith dilute hydrochloric acid and make sure that
there are no air bubbles near to the jet.
burette filled with
6. Take the initial volume of the acid in the burette. Add the hydrochloric acid
acid to the sodium hydroxide solution in the conical flask,
swirling the flask all the time, until the indicator changes
colour. Take the final volume of the acid.
7. Wash out the conical flask with distilled water and then
repeat the titration until two of the readings agree to
within 0.10 cm3. (It is likely that your first titration will not
be very accurate —it is difficult to know how close you
are to the end-point at your first attempt.)
Note: The first result will give you a clear idea of the sodium hydroxide
solLRionand
approximateamount of acid to add. In subsequent titrations methyl orange
you will be able to add the acid quickly until you are close to
the end point and then add drop by drop. The indicator will
change colour on the addition of 1 drop so you are aiming for
accuracy of 1 drop!
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Topic 7.1: Acids, bases and salts
Observing, measuring and recording
3
Volume of sodium hydroxide solution used = 25.00 cm
1st titration 2nd titration 3rd titration 4th titration
Burette reading
2nd reading / cm 3
25.00 24.5 2416
1st reading / cm 3
0.00 [Link] 000
Difference / cm3
25.00 24 S 24.6 (x cm 3)
Accurate volume of hydrochloricacid for neutralisation= 24155 cm3
(Take the mean of the 'accurate' readings)
Su 'emen Handling experimental observations and data
usedin
The titrationtechnique can also be used to work out the concentration of either the acid or alkali
the reaction. The calculation needed is presented step by step below.
3
Assume the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution = 0.1 mol / dm
Use your results to calculate the concentrationof the hydrochloricacid. You know the accurate volume
of solution used (shown as x above).
8. Write the equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
HCl NaOH Nall H2O
9. How many moles of hydrochloric acid react with 1 mole of sodium hydroxide?
1 mol
=
10. The number of moles of sodium hydroxide used in 25.00 cm3 of 0.1 M solution 0110 825025
=
11. Therefore the number of moles of hydrochloric acid in x cm3 of solution 0,0025
1000 cm3 =
12. Therefore the number of moles of hydrochloric acid in
13. The concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution
=
0