DCC Chapter 4
List network topology. 2M
Ans: Following are the types of Network Topology:
1. Mesh Topology
2. Star Topology
3. Bus Topology
4. Ring Topology
5. Hybrid Topology
6. Tree Topology
List any four networking connecting devices. 2M
Ans: Followings are the Network Connecting device:
1. Repeater
2. Hub
3. Switch
4. Bridge
5. Router
6. Gateway
7. Modem
State the function of Repeater and Modem. 2M
Ans:
Repeater:
• A repeater is a network device used to regenerate or replicate signals that travel over long
distances in a network.
• Its primary function is to extend the range of a network by amplifying and retransmitting
data signals.
Modem:
• A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that converts digital data from a computer
or other digital device into analog signals for transmission over traditional analog
communication channels, such as telephone lines.
• It also converts incoming analog signals back into digital data for the receiving device.
With suitable diagram describe STAR Topology and RING Topology. 4M
Ans:
STAR Topology:
- In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch. The hub acts as a repeater
for data flow.
- Data sent from one device to another passes through the central hub.
- This topology is easy to install and manage.
Diagram:
Advantages:
1. Easy to install and manage: Each device has a dedicated connection to the hub, making it simple
to add or remove devices without affecting the network.
2. Failure isolation: If one device or connection fails, it does not impact the rest of the network.
Disadvantages:
1. Central point of failure: If the central hub or switch fails, the entire network goes down.
2. Higher cost: Requires more cable length than other topologies like bus or ring.
RING Topology:
- In a ring topology, each device is connected to exactly two other devices, forming a circular data
path.
- Data travels in one direction (or both directions in a dual-ring topology) through each device until it
reaches its destination.
- Each device has a repeater to regenerate the signal.
Diagram:
Advantages:
1. Equal access to resources: Each device has an equal opportunity to transmit data, avoiding
collisions.
2. Simpler troubleshooting: Issues can be isolated by examining the ring segment by segment.
Disadvantages:
1. Difficult to reconfigure: Adding or removing devices can disrupt the network.
2. Failure in a single device: A failure in one device can bring down the entire network unless a dual-
ring or fault-tolerant mechanism is used.
Differentiate between Hub and switch. (any four points). 4M
Ans:
Hub Switch
Hub is operated on Physical layer of OSI While switch is operated on Data link layer of
model. OSI Model.
Hub has 4/12 ports. Switch can have 24 to 48 ports.
Hub is a half-duplex transmission mode. Switch is a full duplex transmission mode.
In hub, Packet filtering is not provided. In Switch, Packet filtering is provided.
Explain with neat sketch the working of Router and switch. 4M
Ans:
Router:
A router is a networking device that interconnects two or more networks. It comprises both
hardware and software components. The hardware includes physical interfaces to various
networks within the internetwork. The software consists of an operating system (OS) and routing
protocol management software.
1. Addressing: Routers use both logical and physical addressing to connect multiple logically
separate networks.
2. Subnetting: They facilitate this connection by segmenting large networks into smaller logical
networks called subnets.
3. Logical Addressing: Each subnet is assigned a unique logical address, allowing them to remain
distinct while enabling data exchange between them.
4. Packet Transmission: Data is transmitted in the form of packets, each containing a physical
device address (MAC address) and a logical network address (IP address).
Switch:
A switch is a network device used to connect multiple devices within a LAN (Local Area Network)
segment. Switches facilitate communication between devices by directing transmissions
specifically to their intended destinations, known as unicast signaling. There are two main types of
switches:
1. Layer 2 Switches: These operate at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. They use MAC
addresses to forward data frames within the same network segment.
2. Layer 3 Switches: These operate at the Network Layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model. They use IP
addresses to route packets between different network segments, similar to a router.