BIOHACK NOTES

BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATION
• Based on active recall and spaced repetition
• Target 360/360 in NEET Biology & 100/100 in Boards!
 • INTRODUCTION
1) ______ was the earliest to attempt a scientific basis of classification.

2) Aristotle classified plants into _____,_____ and______

3) He divided animals into ____ no of groups, one with ______ and one those did not.

4) Monera cell wall is made up of _______ and ________

5) All protists don't contain a cell wall. T/F

6) Loose tissue body of organisation is present in _______

7) Monerans cannot be saprophytic. T/F

8) Holozoic mode of nutrition is present in _______ kingdom,

9) The Animalia kingdom contains saprophytic animals. T/F

10) Whittaker gave 5 kingdom classification in ______ year.

11) Criterias used by Whittaker for classification was (5) (NEET)

12) Earlier Chlamydomonas and Spirogyra were placed together under _______

13) Kingdom ______ has brought together ________ and ________ (having cell wall) with

______ and ______ (lacking cell wall). (NEET)

14) Phylogenetic means ? (NEET)

• KINGDOM MONERA
15) _______ are the sole members of kingdom monera.

16) 4 categories based on shape -

17) Bacterial structure is very complex, yet they are very simple in behavior. T/F

18) The ________ shows the most extensive metabolic diversity. (NEET)

19) Vast majority of bacteria are autotrophs. T/F

DigaQ. 1

Y
X

C
A

B
• ARCHAEBACTERIA
20) _________ bacteria live in some of the most harsh habitats

21) Name the 3 divisions of archaebacteria and their habitat. (NEET)

22) Archaebacteria differs from others by having _________. (NEET)

23) The reason for the survival of archaebacteria in extreme conditions is ?

24) _______ are present in the gut of ruminants. (NEET)

25) Methanogens are chemoautotrophs/chemoheterotrophs.

• EUBACTERIA
DigaQ. 2
26) Eubacteria have rigid cell wall. T/F

27) Eubacteria, if motile, contains cilia. T/F

28) Cyanobacteria is also called ________ have ______ A

type of chlorophyll.
B
29) Cyanobacteria can't be filamentous. T/F (NEET)

30) Cyanobacteria can be colonial. T/F

31) The colonies of cyanobacteria are surrounded by ________

32) They form ______ in polluted water.

33) Some can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells

called _________

34) Ex of bacteria containing heterocyst are (2) (NEET)

35) ____________ bacteria oxidise various inorganic substances

such as _____, _____, ______ for energy. (NEET)

36) ___________ play a great role in recycling of nutrients like (4)

37) ____________ bacteria are most abundant in nature. (NEET)

38) Nostoc is a filamentous/unicellular cyanobacteria. (NEET)

39) _________ are helpful in making curd from milk, production of antibiotics. (NEET)

40) Heterotrophic bacteria help in fixation of nitrogen in roots. T/F

41) Name the 4 well known diseases caused by bacteria and their causative agent. (NEET)

42) Bacteria produce spores in favorable conditions. T/F

43) In bacteria, a primitive type of sexual reproduction is also present. T/F

44) 3 ways through which bacteria reproduce -

45) 3 ways through which bacteria do sexual reproduction -

 BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATION

ANSWERS
 8. Animal

• ANSWERS 9. T

10. 1969

1. Aristotle 11. cell structure, body organisation, mode of

2. Trees, shrubs and herbs nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic

3. Had red blood and those that did not relationships

4. Polysaccharide + amino acid 12. Algae

5. T 13. Protista, Chlamydomonas and Chlorella,

6. Fungi Paramoecium and Amoeba

7. F 14. Based on evolutionary relationship

• MONERA 23. Same as 22 and also absence of peptidoglycan

15. Bacteria
24. Methanogens
16. Cocci, bacillus, vibrium, spirillum
25. Chemoautotrophs
17. F
Eubacteria
18. Bacteria as a group
26. T
19. F
27. F
Archaebacteria
28. Blue green algae, chl a
20. Archaebacteria
29. F
21. extreme salty areas (halophiles), hot springs
30. T
(thermoacidophiles) and marshy areas

(methanogens)

22. Different cell wall structure, branched chain

lipids (phytanyl side chains)

31. Gelatinous sheath 62. Polishing, filtration of oils and syrups

32. Blooms 63. Diatoms

33. Heterocysts 64. Marine, photosynthetic

34. Anabaena, Nostoc 65. Yellow, green, brown, blue, red

35. Chemosynthetic autotrophs, nitrates, nitrites 66. Stiff cellulosic plates

and ammonia 67. F

36. Chemosynthetic autotrophs, N,P,Fe,S 68. T

37. Heterotrophic 69. Gonyaulax

38. Filamentous 70. Rapid multiplication of red dinoflagellates

39. Heterotrophic bacteria 71. F, they kill them

40. T 72. Fresh

41. Cholera (Vibrio cholerae), typhoid (Salmonella 73. T

typhi), tetanus (Clostridium tetani), citrus canker 74. Pellicle, protein

(Xanthomonas citri) 75. T

42. F 76. F, two flagella, one short one long

43. T 77. Higher plants

44. Fission, spore formation, sexual reproduction 78. F

45. Transformation, Conjugation, Transduction 79. Euglena

46. Mycoplasma 80. Saprophytic

47. F 81. Suitable, plasmodium

48. Mycoplasma 82. T

49. F 83. F, unfavorable

• KINGDOM PROTISTA 84. True

50. Single celled eukaryotes 85. Air currents

51. Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Slime 86. Heterotrophs

moulds and Protozoans 87. Predators or parasites

52. Aquatic 88. Protozonas

53. T 89. Amoeboid, Flagellated, Cilliated and Sporozoans

54. Diatoms and Golden algae(desmids) 90. Fresh water, sea water or moist soil

55. F, fresh water also 91. Putting out pseudopodia

56. T 92. Silica

57. Those who float passively in water currents 93. Ameoba

58. Photosynthetic 94. Free-living or parasitic

59. Diatoms

60. Silica, indestructible

61. Cell wall deposits of diatoms

95. Trypanosoma - Sleeping sickness 126. Saprophytic, decomposers, parasitic or

96. Gullet coprophilous

97. Paramoecium 127. branched , septate

98. Infective 128. Conidia

99. Plasmodium – Malaria 129. Exogenously

• KINGDOM FUNGI 130. Mycelium

100. T 131. Ascospore, endo

101. F 132. Asci, sac like

102. Slender thread, hyphae 133. Ascocarps

103. Mycelium 134. Aspergillus, Claviceps and Neurospora

104. Hyphae are continuous tubes filled with 135. Neurospora

multinucleated cytoplasm 136. Morels and truffles

105. Chitin and polysaccharide 137. Mushrooms, bracket fungi and puffballs

106. T 138. Rusts and smuts

107. Lichen, mycorrhiza 139. Branches and septate

108. Fragmentation, fission and budding 140. F

109. Conidia or sporangiospore or zoospore 141. Fragmentation

110. Oospore, ascospore and basidiospore 142. F

111. Fruiting bodies 143. T

112. Plasmogamy, Karyogamy and meiosis 144. Somatic fusion

113. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes 145. Dikaryotic, basidium

114. F 146. Basidium

115. Morphology of mycelium, mode of spore 147. Exo, basidium

formation and fruiting bodies 148. Basidiocarps

116. F 149. Agaricus (mushroom), Ustilago (smut) and

117. Aseptate, coenocytic Puccinia (rust fungus)

118. Zoospore (motile) or aploanospore(non-motile) 150. Imperfect fungi

119. Endo. sporangium 151. Sexual phase not present

120. Zygospore 152. Conidia

121. Isogamous, anisogamous and oogamous 153. Septate, branched

122. Mucor, Albugo, Rhizopus 154. Saprophhytes, parasitic, decomposers of litter

123. Albugo 155. T

124. Sac-fungi 156. Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Trichoderma

125. Saccharomyces