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Probability Distributions and Calculations

This document provides an introduction to probability through examples of binomial, geometric, and negative binomial distributions. It includes calculating probabilities and expected values for different distributions, establishing relationships between distributions, and probability questions about independent events like an archer hitting bullseyes.

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2 views1 page

Probability Distributions and Calculations

This document provides an introduction to probability through examples of binomial, geometric, and negative binomial distributions. It includes calculating probabilities and expected values for different distributions, establishing relationships between distributions, and probability questions about independent events like an archer hitting bullseyes.

Uploaded by

Birdsflyingonthesky
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction to Probability

Tutorial 12

1. Suppose that X ∼ B(10, 0.12). Calculate


(a) P (X = 3) (b) P (X = 6) (c) P (X ≤ 2)
(d) P (X ≥ 7) (e) E(X) (f) Var(X )

2. Draw line graphs of the probability mass functions of a B(6, 0.5) distribution and a B(6, 0.7) distri-
bution. Mark the expected values of the distributions on the line graphs and calculate the standard
deviations of the two distributions.

3. A fair die is rolled 8 times. Calculate the probability that there are:
(a) Exactly 5 even numbers
(b) Exactly one 6
(c) No 4s

4. Consider 2 independent binomial random variables X1 ∼ B(n1 , p) and X2 ∼ B(n2 , p). If Y =


X1 + X2 , explain why Y ∼ B(n1 + n2 , p).

5. If X has a geometric distribution with parameter p = 0.7, calculate


(a) P (X = 4) (b) P (X = 1) (c) P (X ≤ 5) (d) P (X ≥ 8)

6. Suppose that X1 , . . . , Xr are independent random variables, each with a geometric distribution with
parameter p. Explain why
Y = X1 + . . . + Xr
has a negative binomial distribution with parameters p and r. Use this relationship to establish the
mean and variance of a negative binomial distribution.

7. If X has a negative binomial distribution with parameters p = 0.6 and r = 3, calculate:


(a) P (X = 5)
(b) P (X = 8)
(c) P (X ≤ 7)
(d) P (X ≥ 7)

8. An archer hits a bull's-eye with a probability of 0.09 and the results of dierent attempts can be
taken to be independent of each other.
(a) If the archer shoots a series of arrows, what is the probability that the rst bull's-eye is scored
with the fourth arrow?
(b) What is the probability that the third bull's-eye is scored with the tenth arrow?
(c) What is the expected number of arrows shot before the rst bull's-eye is scored?
(d) What is the expected number of arrows shot before the third bull's-eye is scored?

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