Mobile Generation

Mobile communication has transfigure the way people use to

communicate each other to exchange information. From the very
first technology 1G in which information was exchanged in form
of basic voice signals while the 2G came up with many add on
features with new capacity and coverage capability. This
followed by the 3G which was designed to achieve greater speeds
with mobile broadband experience. 4G which is developed later
which provide wide range of telecommunication services.
Though the technology of communication has developed in short
period of time but it is not satisfactory for the customers growing
population and mobile devices around the world using this
communication facilities are expecting more speed and greater
services than present technologies. This lead to the development
of new research of communication given name 5G which will
come up with much greater speed, exceptional applications,
Quality of Service (QoS).
 Introduction

The roots of communication were first laid by Guglielmo

Marconin through his invention of Wireless telegraph in 1896.
Later in 1901 he sent Tele graphics signals from Cornwall to St.
John's Newfoundland across the Atlantic Ocean a distance of
3200Km. This system helped in communicating each other by
sending alphanumeric characters which are encoded in Analog
signals.
Communication is the integral parts of science which has been
focused on exchanging information from one point to another.
The term communication was first introduced after the discovery
of telephones which later replaced the telegrams and letters. The
first mobile phone system was established in Japan and the launch
for first mobile system was occurred in Sweden, Norway,
Denmark and Finland. After these progress, the generations for
mobile wireless communication starts.
The First Generation (1G) mobile phone networks uses analog
signals to transmit the voice calls only between the two
transmitters. Second Generation (2G) mobile network is the next
stage in the development of wireless technology to overcome the
limitations of 1G by primarily focusing on transmission of voice
and data with digital signals. Third Generation (3G) was arrived
because of low speed and incompatible technologies used on
previous generations. The main features of 3G is that it allows
higher data transmission rates and increased capacity for
traditional voice call and high speed data applications such as
Global Roaming, internet, mobile, video conferencing, video
calls and 3D gaming. 4G is as beyond 3G, stands as an acronym
for fourth generation communication system which describes the
next step in wireless communication.4G is called as
MAGIC because the users can use the mobile multimedia at
anytime anywhere with global mobility support on integrated
wireless solution and customized personal service at higher data
rates than previous generations. 5G has promised revolutionary
changes in communication with its advancement in technology to
speed up the communication in lightning speed. 5G enables a new
kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and
everything together including machines, objects, and devices. 5G
wireless technology is meant to deliver higher multi-Gbps peak
data speeds, ultra low latency, more reliability, massive network
capacity, increased availability, and a more uniform user
experience to more users. Higher performance and improved
efficiency empower new user experiences and connects new
industries.

Figure 1: Evaluation of Mobile Technologies

1G TECHNOLOGY
The first commercially automated cellular network (the 1G
generation) was launched in Japan by NTT (Nippon Telegraph
and Telephone) in 1979, initially in the metropolitan area of
Tokyo. Within five years, the NTT network had been expanded
to cover the whole population of Japan and became the first nation
on planet to implement the 1G network. Later in 1981 NMT
(Nordic Mobile Telephone) extended this technology in countries
of Europe (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden). In USA it
was first implemented in 1983 later it spread across UK, Mexico
and Canada.
Its Speed was upto 2.4 kbps.
It allows the voice calls in 1 country.
1G network use Analog Signal.
based on a technology known as Advance Mobile Phone
Service (AMPS)

DRAWBACKS OF 1G
Poor Voice Quality
Poor Battery Life
Large Phone Size
No Security
Limited Capacity
Poor Handoff Reliability
The data can be carried by only one channel from source (one
caller) to destination (another).This means that the two callers are
not able to hear each other simultaneously since the number of
calls was limited.
2G TECHNOLOGY
 2G technology refers to the 2nd generation which is based on
GSM.
 It was launched in Finland in the year 1991.
 2G network use digital signals.
 Its data speed was upto 64 kbps.
GSM which is the first digital mobile cellular system which is still
spread all over and used widely as technique of 2G. GSM was
implemented in Europe by ETSI (European Telecommunications
Standards Institute) to support the concept of international
roaming. This worked as an overcome of 1G dis-advantage in
lacking of roaming services.
The family of this generation includes of 2G, 2.5G and 2.75G

Features Includes:
 It enables services such as text messages, picture messages,
MMS (multimedia message) and VMS (Voice Mail Service).
 It provides better quality and capacity.
 consume less battery power
 improves the voice clarity
 reduces noise in the line
 secrecy and safety to the data and voice calls
2.5G TECHNOLOGY
 2.5G is a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G)
generation of mobile telephony.
 2.5G is sometimes described as 2G Cellular
Technology combined with GPRS.
Features Includes:
 Phone Calls
 Send/Receive E-mail Messages
 Web Browsing
 Speed : 64-144 kbps
 Camera Phones
 Take a time of 6-9 mins. to download a 3 mins. Mp3 song
DRAWBACKS OF 2G
There are few limitations in the 2G Mobile Communication. First
strong digital signals are required to make the mobile phones
work. Secondly, digital signals would be week if there is no
proper network coverage in the specified area. Last, it’s difficult
to handle complex data such as video etc.
3G TECHNOLOGY
3G technology refer to third generation which was
introduced in year 2000s.
Data Transmission speed increased from 144 kbps- 2M bps.
3G Technology comprises of Wideband CDMA, WLAN,
Bluetooth, Universal Mobile telecommunication Systems
(UMTS), High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA).
Typically called Smart Phones and features increased its
bandwidth and data transfer rates to accommodate web-
based applications and audio and video files.

FEATURES OF 3G TECHNOLOGY
 Providing Faster Communication
 Send/Receive Large Email Messages
 High Speed Web / More Security Video Conferencing / 3D
Gaming Multiplayer-Gaming
 TV Streaming/ Mobile TV/ Phone Calls
 Large Capacities and Broadband Capabilities
 GPS
 Navigation/maps
 11 sec – 1.5 min. time to download a 3 min Mp3 song.
DRAWBACKS OF 3G TECHNOLOGY
 Expensive fees for 3G Licenses Services
 It was challenge to build the infrastructure for 3G
 High Bandwidth Requirement
 Expensive 3G Phones.
 Large Cell Phones
 power consumption greatly increases which results in
reduced device battery life
4G TECHNOLOGY (Anytime, Anywhere)

4G technology refer to or short name of fourth Generation

which was started from late 2000s.
Capable of providing 100 Mbps – 1Gbps speed.
One of the basic term used to describe 4G is MAGIC.
MAGIC: (Mobile multimedia, Any-where, Global mobility
solutions over, Integrated wireless and Customized services)
High QOS and High Security
Provide any kind of service at any time as per user
requirements, anywhere.
Features Include:
 A spectrally efficient system
 More Security
 Huge data rate
 High network capacity
 Perfect connectivity and global roaming
 High quality of service
 Low Cost Per-bit etc.
 Vary applications from IP telephony, gaming services, high-
definition mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D television,
and cloud computing
Applications:
Games
Games will be a major application segment in 4G.
Electronic Agents
There will be e-assistance, e-secretaries, e-advisors, e-
administrators etc. This kind of control is what home automation
applications anticipate.
Broadband Access in Remote Locations
4G networks will provide a wireless alternative for
broadband access to residential and business customers. In
addition, 4G will provide the first opportunity for broadband
access in remote locations without an infrastructure to support
cable or DSL access.
The design is that 4G will be based on OFDM (Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing), which is the key enabler of 4G
technology. Other technological aspects of 4G are adaptive
processing and smart antennas, both of which will be used in 3G
networks and enhance rates when used in with OFDM.
DRAWBACKS OF 4G
Battery uses is more
Hard to implement
Need complicated hardware
Expensive equipment required to implement next
generation network.
5G TECHNOLOGY
5G technology refer to short name of fifth Generation
which was started from late 2010s.
Complete wireless communication with almost no
limitations.

BENEFITS OF 5G TECHNOLOGY
 High speed, High uploading speed, and low cost per bit
comparable to other technologies, It supports video
streaming, voice, internet and other broad band services
bidirectional and accurate traffic statistics.
 Every device will have an IP address according to the
location and usage of network.
 5G will broadcast data in Giga bit that support lot of
connections.
 5G have a high capability towards supporting Software and
Consultancy.
 5G costs will be cheap and available to every person.
 In this technology whole world will be divided as a small
village. So someone calling a person in Norway from India
the phone connection will be held normally like a local
connection.
 Present technology 4G LTE have its download speed
between 5-12mbps and transfer speed between 2-5mbps. 5G
when contrasted with this 4G will 100times speedier in pace.
 5G will expend less power than different advancements and
reduced latency.
 Lecturer
Dr. Soheir Noori