Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Chemical Kinetics and
Nuclear Chemistry
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Next Session Details
Chapter Name Electrochemistry
Date 24 March
Time 1 PM
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Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
JEE 2024
SOLUTIONS 2. Concentration of Solutions
1. Types of solutions
Classification based on physical state:
● Gas in gas (Air)
● Gas in liquid (Soda water)
● • Gas in solid (Hydrogen in Pd)
● • Liquid in gas (Fog)
● • Liquid in liquid (Alcohol in water)
● Liquid in solid (Amalgams)
● • Solid in gas (Smog)
● Solid in liquid (Sugar in water)
● Solid in solid (Alloys)
Classification based on concentration
● Dilute solutions
● Concentrated solutions
● Saturated solutions
● Supersaturated solutions
SOLUTIONS 4. Solubility
Maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a specified
amount of solvent at a specified temperature it depends upon
• Nature of solute • Nature of solvent • Temperature • Pressure
Solubility of a solid in liquid Solubility of a gas in liquid
● Effect of nature of solute and ● Effect of temp ⇒ Follow same order
solvent ⇒ like dissolves like as in case of solid
● Effect of temp ⇒ Exothermic ● Effect of pressure ⇒ Henry’s law
3. Raoult’s Law process - increase with rise in states that the partial pressure of
(Ps = PAo + (PBo - PAo) xB temp. the gas in vapour phase (p)
● Endothermic process - decrease proportional to the mole fraction of
Ps = PAo + (PBo + PAo)xB where with rise in temp Effect of pressure the gas (x) in the solution” p = KHx
⇒ No effect KH ⇒ Henry’s law constant
Ps = Total
solubility = 1/KH
Pressure, PAo & PBo = vapour
pressure in pure state of two
constituents A and B in solution
SOLUTIONS 5. Non-Ideal Solutions
[Link] Properties
These properties of a solution
depend on the total
concentration of all solute
particles, regardless of their
ionic or molecular nature,
charge, or size.
- No . of particles
- No. of molecules (in the
solution of
non-electrolytes)
- No. of ions (In the
solution of electrolytes)
SOLUTIONS 7.
8. Osmotic Pressure (𝜋)
● Osmotic pressure is the hydrostatic pressure
produced when a solution is separated from the
solvent by a semipermeable membrane.
● Osmotic pressure may be defined as the exceed
pressure which must be applied to a solution order
to prevent flow of solvent into the solution through
the semipermeable membrane.
Osmotic Pressure
For dilute solutions, osmotic pressure is found to
follow the equation
(Gay-Lussac-van’t Hoff law)
When w g of solute are dissolved in V litre of solutions
and M is the molar mass of the solute then,
SOLUTIONS
9. Van’t Hoff Factor (i)
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Let’s see the Type of
questions & their variations.
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Type 1 : Henry’s Law
Type 2 : Raoult’s Law
Type 3 : Ideal & Non-ideal Solutions
Type 4 : Colligative Properties + Vant Hoff factor
Write down all the types in your copy, we will discuss
each in Detail
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Type 1 : Henry’s Law
JEE MAINS 2022
Question
For a solution of the gases A, B, C and D in water at 298 K, the
values of Henry’s law constant (KH) are 30.40, 2.34, 1.56 × 10-5 and
0.513 k bar respectively. In the given graph, the lines marked as ‘p’
and ‘s’ correspond respectively to:
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Henry’s Law
Partial pressure of gas
He N2 CO The slope of the line is the
O2
Henry’s Law constant, KH.
mole fraction of the gas (χ)
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Henry’s Constant
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Applications of Henry’s Law
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
JEE MAINS 2022
Question
For a solution of the gases A, B, C and D in water at 298 K, the
values of Henry’s law constant (KH) are 30.40, 2.34, 1.56 × 10-5 and
0.513 k bar respectively. In the given graph, the lines marked as ‘p’
and ‘s’ correspond respectively to:
A A and C
B B and A
C D and A
D C and D
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
JEE MAINS 2022
Question
For a solution of the gases A, B, C and D in water at 298 K, the
values of Henry’s law constant (KH) are 30.40, 2.34, 1.56 × 10-5 and
0.513 k bar respectively. In the given graph, the lines marked as ‘p’
and ‘s’ correspond respectively to:
A A and C
B B and A
C D and A
D C and D
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Type 2 : Roult’s Law
Maha
MahaMarathon
Marathon: :Subject
Physical: CHEMISTRY
Chemistry
Vapour pressure
● Nature of liquid-
Liquids having low intermolecular Liquids having high intermolecular
forces of attraction forces of attraction
Have more tendency to escape from Have less tendency to escape from surface
surface
High vapour pressure Low vapour pressure
Have low boiling point Have high boiling point
Example - Petrol, acetone etc. Example - Oil, Coal tar etc.
Vapour pressure of a liquid does not depend on amount of liquid
taken, Surface area of the liquid, Volume or shape of the container
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2020
A graph of vapour pressure and temperature for three different liquids X, Y,
and Z is shown below :
The following inferences are made :
(A) X has higher intermolecular interactions compared to Y.
(B) X has lower intermolecular interactions compared to Y.
(C) Z has lower intermolecular interactions compared to Y.
The correct inference (s) is / are :
A B
B A
C C
D A and C
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2020
A graph of vapour pressure and temperature for three different liquids X, Y,
and Z is shown below :
The following inferences are made :
(A) X has higher intermolecular interactions compared to Y.
(B) X has lower intermolecular interactions compared to Y.
(C) Z has lower intermolecular interactions compared to Y.
The correct inference (s) is / are :
A B
B A
C C
D A and C
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Solution
Vapour pressure of a liquid at a given temperature is inversely
proportional to intermolecular force of attraction. At the same
temperature, vapour pressure of X is higher than that of Y.
Therefore (X) has lower intermolecular interactions compared to Y.
Statement (B) is correct.
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Raoult’s Law for a solution of two volatile Liquids
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
The total pressure observed by mixing two liquids A and B is 350
mm Hg when their mole fractions are 0.7 and 0.3 respectively.
The total pressure becomes 410 mm Hg if the mole fractions are
changed to 0.2 and 0.8 respectively for A and B. The vapour
pressure of pure A is ____ mm Hg.
COnsider the liquids and solutions behave ideally.
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
The total pressure observed by mixing two liquids A and B is 350
mm Hg when their mole fractions are 0.7 and 0.3 respectively.
The total pressure becomes 410 mm Hg if the mole fractions are
changed to 0.2 and 0.8 respectively for A and B. The vapour
pressure of pure A is ____ mm Hg.
COnsider the liquids and solutions behave ideally.
Correct Answer : 314
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Type 3 : Ideal & Non-ideal Solutions
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Ideal Solution
Those solutions which obey Raoult’s law over the entire range of
concentration are called ideal solutions
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Ideal Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Non - Ideal Solution
Those solutions which do not obey Raoult’s law over the entire range
of concentration are called non-ideal solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Non - Ideal Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Positive deviation from Raoult's Law
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Positive deviation from Raoult's Law
Examples
9. Water and ethanol
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Negative deviation from Raoult's Law
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Negative deviation from Raoult's Law
Examples
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2024
Identify the mixture that shows positive deviations from Raoult’s Law
D
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2024
Identify the mixture that shows positive deviations from Raoult’s Law
D
Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Azeotropes
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Azeotropes
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Factors affecting Solubility of solid in a liquid
1. Nature of solute and solvent
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2024
D
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2024
D
Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Type 4 : Colligative Properties & Van’t Hoff factor
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Colligative Properties
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Colligative Properties
Relative Lowering of
Vapour Pressure
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
What weight of glucose must be dissolved in 100 g of water to lower
the vapour pressure by 0.20 mm Hg?
(Asume dilute solution is being formed)
Given : Vapour pressure of pure water is 54.2 mm Hg at room
temperature. Molar mass of glucose is 180 g mol-1
A 3.69 g
B 2.59 g
C 3.59 g
D 4.69 g
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
What weight of glucose must be dissolved in 100 g of water to lower
the vapour pressure by 0.20 mm Hg?
(Asume dilute solution is being formed)
Given : Vapour pressure of pure water is 54.2 mm Hg at room
temperature. Molar mass of glucose is 180 g mol-1
A 3.69 g
B 2.59 g
C 3.59 g
D 4.69 g
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Solution
Maha Marathon : Subject : CHEMISTRY
Elevation in Boiling Point
Maha Marathon : Subject : CHEMISTRY
W2 =Weight of solute
M2 = Molar mass of solute
W1 =Weight of solvent
Elevation in Boiling Point
The difference in the boiling point points of the solution (Tb) and
pure solvent (Tb0) is called the elevation in boiling point.
Let ∆Tb be the elevation in boiling point, then
Tb = Tb0 + ∆Tb ⇒ ∆Tb = Tb - Tb0
From experiments,
∆Tb ∝ m ⇒ ∆Tb = Kbm
Kb : molal boiling point elevation constant or
Ebullioscopic constant of solvent
m : molality of the solution
Maha Marathon : Subject : CHEMISTRY
Elevation in Boiling Point
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
The vapour pressure vs. temperature curve for a solution solvent
system is shown below.
The boiling point of the solvent is _____oC.
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
The vapour pressure vs. temperature curve for a solution solvent
system is shown below.
The boiling point of the solvent is _____oC.
Correct Answer : 82
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
If the boiling points of two solvents X and Y (having same molecular
weights) are in the ratio 2 : 1 and their enthalpy of vaporizations are
in the ratio 1 : 2, then the boiling point elevation constant of X is m
times the boiling point elevation constant of Y. The value of m is __.
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
If the boiling points of two solvents X and Y (having same molecular
weights) are in the ratio 2 : 1 and their enthalpy of vaporizations are
in the ratio 1 : 2, then the boiling point elevation constant of X is m
times the boiling point elevation constant of Y. The value of m is __.
Correct Answer : 8
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Solution
Maha Marathon : Subject : CHEMISTRY
Depression in Freezing Point
Freezing-point depression is the decrease of the freezing
point of a solvent on addition of a non-volatile solute
Maha Marathon : Subject : CHEMISTRY
Depression in Freezing Point
Freezing-point depression is the decrease of the freezing
point of a solvent on addition of a non-volatile solute
W2 =Weight of solute
M2 = Molar mass of solute
W1 =Weight of solvent
Kf = molal freezing point
depression constant
Maha Marathon : Subject : CHEMISTRY
Depression in Freezing Point
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
In the depression of freezing point experiment
A. Vapour pressure of the solution is less than that of pure solvent
B. Vapour pressure of the solution is more than that of pure solvent
C. Only solute molecules solidify at the freezing point
D. Only solvent molecules solidify at the freezing point
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
A A and C only
B A only
C A and D only
D B and C only
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
In the depression of freezing point experiment
A. Vapour pressure of the solution is less than that of pure solvent
B. Vapour pressure of the solution is more than that of pure solvent
C. Only solute molecules solidify at the freezing point
D. Only solvent molecules solidify at the freezing point
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
A A and C only
B A only
C A and D only
D B and C only
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2022
Two solutions A and B are prepared by dissolving 1 g of non-volatile
solutes X and Y, respectively in 1 kg of water. The ratio of
depression in freezing points for A and B is found to be 1 : 4. The
ratio of molar masses of X and Y is
A 1:4
B 1 : 0.25
C 1 : 0.20
D 1:5
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2022
Two solutions A and B are prepared by dissolving 1 g of non-volatile
solutes X and Y, respectively in 1 kg of water. The ratio of
depression in freezing points for A and B is found to be 1 : 4. The
ratio of molar masses of X and Y is
A 1:4
B 1 : 0.25
C 1 : 0.20
D 1:5
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Osmosis
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Colligative Properties
Osmotic Pressure
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Types of Solutions
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2024
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2024
Correct Answer : 73
Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
Aqueous solution of volume 300 cm3 contains 0.63 g of protein. The
osmotic pressure of the solution at 300 K is 1.29 mbar. The molar
mass of the protein is _____ g mol-1
Given : R = 0.083 L bar K-1 mol-1
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
Aqueous solution of volume 300 cm3 contains 0.63 g of protein. The
osmotic pressure of the solution at 300 K is 1.29 mbar. The molar
mass of the protein is _____ g mol-1
Given : R = 0.083 L bar K-1 mol-1
Correct Answer : 40535
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2024
D
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2024
D
Solution
Link in Description
8484
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Abnormal Molar masses
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Van't hoff Factor (i)
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Van't hoff Factor (i)
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
Which one of the following 0.06 M aqueous solutions has lowest
freezing point?
A Al2(SO4)3
B C6H12O6
C Kl
D K2SO4
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
Which one of the following 0.06 M aqueous solutions has lowest
freezing point?
A Al2(SO4)3
B C6H12O6
C Kl
D K2SO4
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2022
Solute A associates in water. When 0.7 g of solute A is dissolved in
42.0 g of water, it depresses the freezing point by 0.2oC. The
percentage association of solute A in water, is:
[Given : Molar mass of A = 93 g mol-1. Molal depression constant of
water is 1.86 K kg mol-1.]
A 50%
B 60%
C 70%
D 80%
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2022
Solute A associates in water. When 0.7 g of solute A is dissolved in
42.0 g of water, it depresses the freezing point by 0.2oC. The
percentage association of solute A in water, is:
[Given : Molar mass of A = 93 g mol-1. Molal depression constant of
water is 1.86 K kg mol-1.]
A 50%
B 60%
C 70%
D 80%
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2024
D
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2024
D
Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Homework Assignment
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2024
D
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2024
D
Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
Mass of Urea (NH2CONH2) required to dissolved in 1000 g of water
in order to reduce the vapour pressure of water by 25% is ____ g.
Given : Molar mass of N, C, O and H are 14, 12, 16 and 1 g mol-1
respectively
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
Mass of Urea (NH2CONH2) required to dissolved in 1000 g of water
in order to reduce the vapour pressure of water by 25% is ____ g.
Given : Molar mass of N, C, O and H are 14, 12, 16 and 1 g mol-1
respectively
Correct Answer : 1111
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2021
The size of a raw mango shrinks to a much smaller size when kept
in a concentrated salt solution. Which one of the following processes
can explain this?
A Osmosis
B Reverse osmosis
C Diffusion
D Dialysis
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2021
The size of a raw mango shrinks to a much smaller size when kept
in a concentrated salt solution. Which one of the following processes
can explain this?
A Osmosis
B Reverse osmosis
C Diffusion
D Dialysis
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2024
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2024
Correct Answer : 15
Solution
Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
Solution of 12 g of non-electrolyte (A) prepared by dissolving it in
1000 mL of water exerts the same osmotic pressure as that of 0.05
M glucose solution at the same temperature. The empirical formula
of A is CH2O. The molecular mass of A is ______ g.
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Question JEE Main 2023
Solution of 12 g of non-electrolyte (A) prepared by dissolving it in
1000 mL of water exerts the same osmotic pressure as that of 0.05
M glucose solution at the same temperature. The empirical formula
of A is CH2O. The molecular mass of A is ______ g.
Correct Answer : 240
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions
Solution
Maha Revision : Chemistry : Solutions