PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS

+ Nói về topic (paraphrase lại câu của đề bài)

+ Trả lời câu hỏi đề bài một cách chung chung

* Nếu đề bài hỏi nguyên nhân gây ra hiện tượng & cách giải quyết: Chỉ nêu chung chung là có một số nguyên nhân
gây ra hiện tượng này và có một số cách để giải quyết nó (không cần đưa cụ thể là nguyên nhân gì và giải pháp gì).

* Nếu đề bài hỏi hiện tượng gây ra vấn đề gì & cách giải quyết: Chỉ cần nêu chung chung là có một số vấn đề được
gây ra và có một số cách để giải quyết nó

Thân bài 1: Giải thích các “reasons”/"problems"

Thân bài 2: Giải thích “solutions”

Kết luậnNhắc lại nhấn mạnh có các nguyên nhân gây ra hiện tượng này và các cách để giải quyết nó (chú ý
paraphrase). Chỉ cần viết ngắn gọn, đơn giản.

Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their country. What are the reasons?

Solutions to change negative attitudes.

ANSWER:

It is widely argued that global tourism has a negative impact on destination resorts and countries. While there is a
strong case for this view, solutions must be applied to resolve some of the serious issues which have arisen.

There are two primary reasons why local residents often consider international tourism as a cause of serious
problems in their countries. One reason is that it may have an adverse impact on traditional customs and indigenous
practices, because tourists may be insensitive towards the feelings of local residents. For example, some western
holidaymakers visiting developing Southeast Asian countries may be rowdy or wear unsuitable clothes, which
might have an undesirable influence on local young people who copy immodest or provocative behaviour and
fashions. Another reason is that tourists often pollute or litter beauty spots and several famous beaches in Vietnam,
such as Cua Lo and Sam Son, have been spoiled by this lack of respect for the local environment.

Measures/ actions must be taken by governments and international bodies to change negative attitudes. Firstly, the
undoubted economic benefits of international tourism for local economies ought to be more widely promoted
through the official media. International tourists spend money in shops and restaurants and create jobs in service
industries and this aspect must be publicised. At the same time, tourist agencies should urge visitors to respect the
local customs and culture of their hosts. Secondly, bodies such as the World Tourism Organisation must enforce
strict regulations on the tourism industry, ensuring that local operators are responsible for clearing litter and
disposing of waste in ways that do not harm the environment, and issuing international Blue Flags to indicate clean
beaches.

In conclusion, only by addressing the concerns of local people will negative attitudes to international tourism be
changed.

295 words

2. (14/11/2015) The consumption of the world's resources (oil, and water etc.) is increasing at a dangerous
rate. What are causes and solutions?

Planning the ideas

Introduce idea: global consumption of oil, water and other natural resources is increasing too rapidly. There are
several reasons, and solutions must be found.

Paragraph 2: [Causes]

[1] developing countries are now using more energy and gasoline [petrol] – to produce more electricity, transport for
expanding economy. Individuals also use more natural resources – similar consumption to developed countries –
example: private cars, more electricity use in homes.

[2] costly to develop renewable energy – price rises to fund this would be unpopular with voters.

Paragraph 3: [Solutions]

[1] Higher taxes to reduce demand. People will think more carefully if they have to pay more for what they
consume: example: water meters.

[2] Develop renewable sources of energy: example: wind/solar power.[3] educate individuals not to waste resources:
turn off lights, don’t leave water running.

Conclusion: repeat using some different words.

ANSWER:

It is true that global natural resources such as oil and water are being depleted at an alarming rate. There are a
number of reasons behind this phenomenon and several solutions should be adopted to solve the problem.

There are two primary reasons why the world’s resources are being over-exploited. [1] Firstly, developing countries
nowadays are heavily dependent on natural resources to drive their economy, especially in transportation and energy
fields. As their citizens are getting wealthier, their demand for energy consumption is increasing to the level of
demand in developed countries, in terms of gas for cars, and electricity for bigger homes and offices. [2] Secondly, it
is easier to use natural resources rather than spending money to develop and convert sustainable alternatives, like
solar or wind energy. Politicians fear to risk unpopularity by raising energy prices to fund such developments.

Some measures should be taken to mitigate the problem of overconsumption of these resources. [1] One step is that
governments must impose a higher tax on the use of natural resources to reduce the demand. By raising tax, people’s
pockets are affected directly, thus, they will use these resources more responsibly. For example, water meters should
be installed in homes and workplaces. [2] Another essential measure is to develop and introduce renewable sources
like solar or wind energy as alternatives.. These clean energies not only minimize human reliance on the Earth’s
natural resources but also help protect the environment. [3] Furthermore, individuals must be educated to use vital
resources sparingly and wisely. Even simple things like not leaving taps running or leaving lights switched on
unnecessarily can all help reduce consumption.

In conclusion, the overuse of the world’s resources is a big problem for all countries and solutions should be
implemented urgently to tackle this issue.293 words

VOCABULARY

✓ depleted (cạn kiệt): [verb] reduced by a large amount, so that there is not much [Link]: Food supplies
were severely depleted as a result of the dry weather.

✓ Phenomenon (hiện tượng): [noun] a fact or event – in nature or society – that is not fully understood.

Example: Globalisation is a phenomenon of this century, but it is a process which is difficult to explain.

✓ Adopt (áp dụng): [verb] to accept a suggestion or a [Link]: The government adopted a policy of
increasing the tax on tobacco.

✓ Drive (xoay chuyển): [verb] to influence something and cause it to move in a certain [Link]: Money
from international banks is the main factor driving investment in this country.

✓ Sustainable (bền vững): [adjective] involving the use of natural products or energy in a way that does not harm
the [Link]: Sustainable management of our forests depends on planting more native trees than we
cut down.

✓ Renewable (tái tạo): [adjective] replaced naturally or controlled carefully to ensure that something is never
completely [Link]: Because the sun will always shine and the wind will always blow, solar and wind
energy are both renewable energy sources.

✓ Minimize (hạn chế tối đa): [verb] to reduce something – especially something bad – to the lowest possible
[Link]: Clean conditions in hospitals help to minimize the risk of infections.

✓ Sparingly (tiết kiệm): [adverb] in a way that is careful only to use a little of something.

Example: We should use water sparingly, because it is a resource that is essential to sustain life.

✓ leaving taps running (để vòi nước chảy): [verb phrase] in the kitchen or bathroom, we leave taps running when
we do not close them and the water continues to come out.

Example: When we clean our teeth, we should not leave taps running – it is a waste of water.

✓ Implement (áp dụng): [verb] to make something that has been officially decided start to happen.

Example:A new work programme for young people will be implemented by the government.

3. (11/4/2015)The older people who need employment have to compete with younger ones. What problems can
this create? What are some solutions?

Planning the ideas

Introduce idea: there is competition between younger and older people for jobs. This creates problems for older
workers, but measures can be taken to help them – government and individuals can act. Conclusion: repeat using
some different words.

Paragraph 2:

[1] Problem 1: age discrimination – older people – difficulty in finding jobs.

Paragraph 3:

[1]Measure 1: government can stop discrimination against older workers by passing laws – example.[

2] Measure 2: older individuals can adopt positive attitudes to changes at work – young colleagues can help them.

ANSWER:

It is true that fierce competition in the job market between older people and their younger counterparts has become
an increasingly widespread concern. Several problems have resulted from this tendency and they should be tackled
by a number of effective solutions from both individuals and the government.

Competing with the young, the older generation has to face up to two main issues. [1] Firstly, due to age
discrimination, older people often suffer more disadvantages when seeking the same positions as young candidates,
even when they have similar abilities and qualifications. As a result, a number of them become unemployed, which
prevents them from meeting basic human needs. [2] Secondly, old employees might be under strong pressure,
stemming from the fact that their young colleagues seem to be more creative and adapt themselves to changes at the
workplace more easily than they could do. This may lead to both physical and psychological problems, including
heart disease and depression.

Since such issues are serious, the government and individuals should take steps immediately to address these
problems. [1] The first solution is that the government should encourage enterprises to apply the Age Discrimination
in Employment Act of 1967 in order to protect employees who are 40 years old or more from employment
discrimination based on age. As a result, they would be given greater opportunities to find suitable jobs and earn a
living. [2] On an individual level, older workers should be willing to update their skills through attending training
[Link] younger colleagues also help them to adapt to changes in the working environment, older workers will
gain confidence and improve their work performance.

In conclusion, there are various negative consequences of increasing rivalry between the old and the young in the
job market and appropriate steps need to be taken to tackle these problems, not only by the government but also by
individuals.

307 words

VOCABULARY

✓ counterpart (đối phương, người cùng cấp bậc)= a person who has the same position or function as someone
else in a different place or [Link]: The President is having discussions with his Chinese counterpart.

✓ age discrimination(phân biệt tuổi tác)= the practice of treating older people unfairly compared with young
people.

Example: The government passed a law prohibiting age discrimination by employers.

✓ stemming from (bắt nguồn từ)=resulting [Link]: The present crisis in health care stems from the lack of
funding by the government.

✓ depression(bệnh trầm cảm)= an illness, when a person feels very sad or [Link]: He suffered from
depression after losing his job.

✓ earn a living(kiếm sống)= to get money for the work that you do.

Example: He was out of work for many years, but now he earns a living by selling hot dogs.

✓ update(cập nhật) = to make something more [Link]: The company decided to update its computer
software.

✓ rivalry(cạnh tranh)= a situation in which people are competing for the same [Link]: In Spain, there is a
great rivalry between the football teams of Madrid and Barcelona.

4. (12/9/2015) Fewer and fewer peoplewalk on a daily basis. What are the reasons and how to encourage them
to spend their time walking?

Essay Plan:

Introduction: repeat idea that people are walking less; some reasons and solutions can be identified.

Paragraph 2:

Reason 1 – technology – lifts and escalators in offices, shopping centres – convenience/laziness.

Reason 2 – overuse of cars; example – taking children to school by car – safety because of busy roads.

Paragraph 3: Encourage people to walk.

Solution 1: restrict use of lifts in low- rise buildings.

Solution 2: discourage unnecessary car journeys – parents walk to and from school with their children. Solution 3:
improve infrastructure – pavements, pedestrian areas, covered walkways.

Conclusion: re-state what you wrote in the introduction using some different words.

ANSWER

In modern life, many people have lost the habit of walking regularly. While there are various reasons for this trend,
some measures can be implemented to encourage people to take up walking as part of their daily routine.

There are two main reasons, in my opinion, why fewer people walk regularly nowadays. Firstly, the development of
technology has discouraged some people from walking. Escalators and lifts have appeared everywhere in most
towns and cities, especially in shopping centres and offices. They are, admittedly, convenient and time-saving but
they also encourage laziness. Secondly, as part of our modern lifestyle, so many journeys are made by car. For
example, parents now often drop off and pick up their children at the school gate, even if the school is near their
home. This is understandable in one sense, as parents worry about the safety of their children, especially if there
are busy main roads to cross to get to school.

There are measures which could be implemented to encourage people to walk more often. In low-rise buildings, the
use of the stairs should be obligatory, with a lift only for disabled people. In order to dissuade people from using
their cars unnecessarily, no-stopping zones ought to be established in the vicinity of schools. If children become
accustomed to the habit of the daily walk to school, then responsible parents would need to accompany them. The
whole family would thus get used to regular walking exercise. As another measure, pavements should be improved
and more pedestrian-only zones established in city centres. Covered walkways and more trees could provide relief
from rain and sun in such zones.

In conclusion, some reasons why people are walking less regularly can be identified, and some simple solutions
should be adopted to encourage them to walk more frequently.

VOCABULARY

✓ lost the habit: [expression] [đánh mất thói quen] stopped some activity/ behaviour that you used to do
[Link]: When he moved to the city, he lost the habit of walking in the countryside regularly.

✓ take up (something): [phrasal verb] [bắt đầu làm gì đó] start to do [Link]: They decided to take
up jogging in order to keep fit.✓ laziness: [noun] [sự lười biếng] the quality of not wanting to be active. Example:
It is only 20 minutes walk to the centre – it’s just lazinessto go by car.

✓ drop off: [phrasal verb] [đưa ai /cái gì tới đâu đó] quickly leave someone or something at a place.

Example: I will pass your house this morning and drop off the wallet that you left at my house.✓ pick up: [phrasal
verb] [đón] go somewhere in your car and collect someone who is waiting for you.

Example: I pick up my daughter from school at noon every day.✓ understandable: [adjective] [có thể hiểu được]
normal and reasonable in that [Link]: After his recent illness, it is understandable that he is still very
weak.

✓ low-rise: [adjective] [thấp tầng] a low building, with not many floors. Example: She lives in a low-rise block
of flats, so there are stairs but no lift.✓ obligatory: [adjective] [bắt buộc] that you must do because of the rules or

the law.

Example: To enter the club, it is obligatory to wear smart clothes, which means that jeans and trainers are not
allowed.

✓ no-stopping zones: [noun] [khu vực cấm dừng đỗ] areas in which it is not permitted to stop your car or other
vehicle.

Example: There are no-stopping zones near all the local hospitals, so that ambulances can enter and leave the
hospital quickly and easily.