CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation

This chapter of the research study presents, analyzes, and interprets the data gathered from respondents.

Using narrative descriptions, thematic analysis, and respondent voices, researchers explore the

phenomenon under study comprehensively.

The research findings are drawn from data analysis. Four themes emerged: Motivations for working,

Challenges of Balancing Work ang Education, Impact on academic Performance and Well-being and

Time management strategies ( see fig.2). Interpretation focuses on these themes, derived from analyzing

key statements in interviews with (5 ) Grade 12 Working Students of Malandag Institute I.N.C.

Presentation of Themes

Figure 2. This figure shows the generated themes based on the report of the respondents.

Emergent themes are obtained from research respondents' words or written experiences, acquired through

interactive reading and abstraction, separating complex data into categories (Williams, 2018). The

researchers identified the emergent themes as (a) Motivations For Working, Challenges of Balancing work
and education, Impact on academic performance and well-being, and Time management strategies,(b)

Negative views,(c) support, (d) Assistance

Motivations for Working

Figure 3. Illustration of Motivation Of Working as theme for the code: Provision of own needs, Helping the

family and Navigating independence/Sole dependency.

The chart depicts that working students have three distinct motivations for working: being independent

and responsible in their stand as a student who works . According to l-Hayat: Journal of Islamic

Education 4 (1), 79-89, 2020 they stated that Some working students were purposively chosen and

interviewed to know the challenges they faced and how they overcome the problems. The findings of the

current study show that the informants fully understood the concept of working while studying and

considered it as a financial necessity and self-improvement.

Provision of own needs

The Journal, written by Zina Kumok and published on The Huffington post (2018), states that the

challenges faced by working students in providing for their own needs and achieving financial

independence. It offers strategies and tips for working students to budget effectively, find ways to

supplement their income, and reduce expenses to cover their essential costs while pursuing their education.

This will support the statements:

"Para matustusan ang mga pangangailangan ko, mabili ko ang gusto kung bilhin sa sarili.(To provide for my

needs,buy what I want for my self.)"-Participant 1

" Ahmm... Naging working student ako dahil kailangan kong tugunan ang mga pangangailangan ko.( I

became a working Student because I needed to meet my needs)"-Participant 2

"Kaya ako naging isang working students dahil sa financial problem.( I became a working student because

of financial problem.)"-Participant4

"Para ma tustusan ko ang aking mga pangangailangan.( To provide for my needs.)"-Participant 4

" Dahil habang nag-aaral ka hindi mo na po-problemahin ang iyong mga gastusi.( Because while you are

studying, you would not have to worry about your expenses.)"- participant 4

Helping the Family

Being a working student who supports their family requires a significant level of resilience, determination,

and support from both the family and the educational institution. Addressing these wide-ranging

obligations can be a complex and ongoing challenge for these students According to The Hechinger

Report (2019) It examines the challenges and strategies employed by working students who are supporting

their families financially while pursuing their education and highlights the experiences of several students

who are working part-time jobs or internships to contribute to their family's expenses, such as rent,

utilities, and healthcare costs.

Some of the participants stated that:

" para matulungan ko din ang magulang ko sa pagpapatapos ng pag-aaral namin.( To help my parents in
funding our education.)"- participant 2

"Kay... akung ante gi ingnan ko niya mag working ko kay tungod pigado mi nila mama.( My aunt told me to

be a working student because we are poor.)"-participant 5

Navigating Independence/Sole Dependency

Dr. Emily Thompson,Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice in (2019), examines the unique

challenges and experiences of working students as they navigate the balance between independence and

sole dependency. The article explores the various factors that contribute to working students' financial,

academic, and personal circumstances, and provides insights into the strategies and support systems that

can help them succeed in their educational and professional pursuits.

Some of the participants stated that:

"Naging working student ako kasi gusto ko lang subukan ang mag trabaho at para matuto ako mag trabaho

at magsikap sa sarili ko ( I became a working student because I just wanted to try working and to learn

how to work and strive on my own.)"-participant 1

"Ako ay naging working student kasi gusto kong magka... magkaroon ng sarili kong pera at maging

independent sa sarili ko.( I became a working student because I wanted to have my own money and

become independent.)"- participant 3

"Ahmm...siguro bilang isang ano, istudyante ahh... naging working student ako kasi I want to be independent

in myself kasi wala na akong mga magulang kaya pinurso ko yong sarili ko na mav working student nalang

talaga.(I guess,I became a working student because I wanted to be independent and because I do not have

parents anymore. I do not have much choice but to pursue being a working student.)"- participant 3

Challenges of Balancing Work and Education

Illustration of Motivation Of Working as theme for the code: Difficulty of Balancing responsibilities/ absence

of time management/ Strategies, Physical Demands of Work, Challenges of Budgeting and Challenges of

Sole Dependence.

This chart depicts that the working Students have four distinct challenges of balancing work and

education: being a working student you need to Balance your work and education, According to Megan

Leonhardt ( 2019) She provides insights from experts and working students themselves on the difficulties

of managing work and education simultaneously, as well as strategies that can help working students

thrive academically.

Difficulty of Balancing Responsibilities/ Absence of time management/ strategies

According to Samantha Ettus(2018) She highlights the immense challenge that working students face in

trying to balance their various commitments, including classes, homework, jobs, family obligations, and

other responsibilities. This can lead to increased stress and [Link] working students struggle with

effective time management, often prioritizing work over their academic pursuits. This can result in missed

classes, late assignments, and lower academic performance.

This will support the statements:

"Mahirap maging isang working student dahil kailangan mong mag trabaho at the same time mag aral, kung

baga magkakaroon ka ng hatian sa oras na imbis sa pag-aaral nakatuon ang oras mo ay hindi mo magawa

dahil may trabaho ka. (It is difficult to be a workingstudent because you need to work and study at the

same time. Essentially, your time gets divided, and instead of focusing on studying, you have to work.)"-

participant 1

"Ahmm, ah… I don’t have any strategy in myself to do my homework and I ano as a working student, kasi

may time talaga na sabay-sabay yong trabaho ko and studies ganon lang. (I do not have any strategy within

myself to do my homework as a working student because there are times when my work and studies

clash/conflict.)-participant 3

"Ahmm, well as I said earlier, I don’t have any strategic, siguro para ma manage yong time ko kasi minsan

talaga hindi maiwasan na sabay-sabay rin talaga yong mga trabaho ko sa bahay and sa school. Yun lang.

(Well as I said earlier, I do not have any strategic plan. Maybe I was able to manage my time because…

There are really times that it is inevitable that work at home and school clashes.)- participant 3

Physical Demands of Work

According to Samantha Lande (2019) she discusses the various physical demands that students may face

when working part-time jobs or internships alongside their studies and provides practical advice and

insights from experts to help working students understand and address the physical challenges they may

face, in order to stay healthy and productive.

One of the participants Stated that:

Medyo mahirap din dahil nag bubuhat ka nang mabinigat na sako-sako na bigas pero nasanay narin po aku

kinalaunan. (It is somewhat difficult too because you are lifting heavy sacks of rice, but I got used to it

eventually.)

-Participant 2
 Challenges on Budgeting

Being a working student you may a face challenges on budgeting your money to yourself and to your

family also,According to Kimberly Lankford(2022) She states a practical advice for working students to

help them create and stick to a budget. Recommendations include tracking expenses, prioritizing needs

over wants, and seeking out financial aid and scholarships to supplement their limited incomes. The goal is

to help working students develop sound financial habits and strategies to navigate the unique budgeting

challenges they face.

One of the participants Stated that:

" Mahirap siya kase ikaw mismo nag ba-budget ng gastusin mo tulad ng pag bilin ng para needed mo sa

school tsaka baon kase para maka tulong ka din sa family mo. (It is hard because you yourself budget your

expenses, like buying what you need for school and your allowance to also help your family.)-

- participant 5

Challenges of Sole Dependence

Developing a strong support network and prioritizing self-care can also be crucial in overcoming the

challenges of sole dependence. According to Sarah Johnson ( 2022) the sole dependence on employment

income can create significant challenges for working students, including financial instability, academic

struggles, mental health issues, limited access to campus resources, and difficulties in maintaining a healthy

lifestyle. Addressing these challenges is crucial for supporting the success and well-being of this student

population.

One of the participants Stated that:

" Marami kang haharapin na problema dahil sarili mo lang ang inyong inaasahan. (You will face many

problems because you only rely on yourself.)- participant 4

Impact on academic performance and Well-being

Illustration of impact on academic performance and well-being as theme for the code: Stressful and

optimism/ positive effect

This chart depicts the impact of working on academic performance and well-being is complex and varies

depending on individual circumstances. According to Duckworth, Zan, and Casner-Lotto( 2020) The

overall impact on well-being seemed to depend on factors like the type of job, work schedule flexibility,

and the level of support the study highlights the complex and nuanced relationship between working and

academic/personal outcomes for college students. While working can provide some benefits, excessive work

hours appear to negatively impact students' academic performance and well-being.

Stressful

Some of the working students may experience stressful situation just like financial pressures,lack of sleep

and e.t.c, the article, written by Samantha Smith (2021) explores the significant challenges faced by

students who have to balance their academic responsibilities with the demands of a part-time or full-time

job. The article highlights the mental health implications of this juggling act, as working students often
experience high levels of stress, anxiety, and burnout it draws on research and interviews with working

students to provide insights into the unique pressures they face.

This will support the statement:

"Minsan nakaka stress pero nasanay na rin naman ako. (Sometimes it is stressful, but I have gotten used to

it)"- participant 1

Optimism/ Positive effect

There are also a positive effect of being a working student just like financial independence and Time

management skills. According to Samantha Ettus (2019)Part-time jobs allow students to apply the

knowledge and skills they've acquired in the classroom to practical, real-world situations. This hands-on

experience can give them a competitive edge in the job market after graduation, as they'll have a better

understanding of how to translate their academic knowledge into tangible [Link] article argues that the

benefits of working while in college, such as developing essential skills, gaining practical experience, and

achieving financial independence, often outweigh the potential drawbacks. It encourages students to

explore part-time job opportunities that align with their academic and career goals.

This will support the statement:

"lagi lang akong nag iisip ng positive kaya ‘di po sya nakakaapekto sa aking emosyon man o wellbeing. "(I

always keep thinking positively so it does not affect my emotions or wellbeing.)"- Participant 2

"Hindi naman sya nakakaapekto kasi naging independent na ako simula nung nag working student ako. (It

does not really affect me because I have become independent ever since I started working as a student.)"

- Participants 3

"Ang apekto na naidulot ng bilang isang working student ay ang pagiging strong at independent. (The effect

of being a working student is becoming strong and independent.)"- Participants 4

Time Management Strategies

Illustration of time management strategies as them for the codes: Prioritizing task/ Focus, Scheduling/

arrangements on free time and Balancing responsibilities.

Effective time management for working students involves prioritizing tasks, creating a detailed schedule,

minimizing distractions, utilizing downtime, delegating or outsourcing tasks, and maintaining self-care

[Link] to Melissa Gratias, Ph.D.,(2019) by Vanderbilt University's Center for Student

Wellbeing, recommends strategies such as prioritizing tasks, minimizing distractions, utilizing downtime,

delegating non-essential tasks, taking breaks, communicating with employers, and seeking support to help

working students effectively manage the demands of work, school, and personal life.

Prioritizing task/Focus

As a working student, prioritize your tasks by identifying and focusing on the most urgent and important

responsibilities, while also creating a realistic schedule, minimizing distractions, practicing self-care,

communicating with your employer and professors, and seeking support from academic resources and

fellow students to maintain balance and achieve success. According to Samantha Lee (2021) recommends

that working students prioritize tasks by identifying and focusing on the most urgent and important
responsibilities, creating a realistic schedule, minimizing distractions, practicing self-care, communicating

with employers and professors, and seeking support from academic resources and fellow students to

maintain balance and achieve success.

This will support the statement:

"Minsan nakaka stress pero nasanay na rin naman ako. (Sometimes it is stressful, but I have gotten used to

it.)"- Participant1

"Pinaprioritise ko ang aking oras sa pagtukoy ng mahalagang Gawain at maayos na paggamit ng oras…hmm.

(I prioritize my time in determining the important task and proper use of time.)- participant 2

Dapat bilisan mo ang iyong mga gawain para habang nagpapahinga ka ay ginagawa mo na… habang

nagpapahinga ka ginagawa mo… ginagawa mo… (laughing) again, again, dapat bilisan mo ang mga gawain

para habang nagpapahinga ka ay gina…ginagawa mo ang dapat gawin sa paaralan. (You should hasten your

tasks so that while you rest [from working], you are doing what needs to be done for school.)"- participant

Ang strategy nako kay weekend lang ko mag trabaho para dili nako ma… ma-ma di… ma disturbo ang akong

class. (My strategy is to work only on weekends so that neither I nor my classes are disturbed.)"-

participant 5

Scheduling/ arrangements on free time

As a working student, effectively manage your time by prioritizing tasks, creating a realistic weekly

schedule, utilizing downtime, optimizing your routines, delegating where possible, practicing self-care, and

communicating with your employer and seeking support to balance your academic and professional

responsibilities. According to Samantha Stauf (2021), provides a comprehensive guide for working

students to effectively manage their time and free time by prioritizing tasks, creating a weekly schedule,

utilizing downtime, optimizing routines, delegating tasks, practicing self-care, communicating with

employers, and seeking academic support.

This will support the statement:

"Kapag wala akong ginagawa o halimbawa tulog pa yong alaga ko nong buhay pa sya ginagawa ko na kaagad

ang mga assignment ko, di kaya habang nagbabantay ako ginagawa ko nga ang mga gawain ko dito sa school.

(When I am not doing anything, for example, the child I am taking care of is still asleep, when he is alive, I

do my assignments right away or while I am watching out for the child, I do my work here at school.)"-

participant 1

"Dapat maghahanap ka ng free time para gawin ang iyong mga trabaho. (You should find free time to do

your work.)"-

participant 4

"Gina manage nako akong time in way nga… mag trabaho lang kog weekend mag… ay Saturday to Sunday

para inig lunes, mag school… hangtod biyernes (I manage my time in a way that I will only work on

weekends, Saturday to Sunday, so that when Monday comes, I will go to school until Friday.)"- participant

Balancing Responsibilities

As a working student, it is crucial to strike a delicate balance between academic responsibilities and

professional obligations, ensuring that neither one compromises the other, and maintaining a healthy and

productive lifestyle. According to an article published in the Journal of College Student Development in

2018, titled "Balancing Act: A Phenomenological Study of Female Graduate Students' Experiences of

Juggling Multiple Roles", authored by Megan Keller and Jillian Kinzie, working students must carefully

manage their academic, professional, and personal responsibilities to achieve success and well-being.

This will support the statement:

"Pinagsasabay ko ito kahit na medyo mahirap para sa akin dahil hindi naman istrikto amo ko. (I keep up

with it even though it is a bit difficult. This is because my employer is not strict.)"- participant 1

"Ahmm… para sa akin mahalaga ang pagtatakda ng mga priority at tamang paggamit ng oras para sa pag-

aral at trabaho. (For me, setting priorities and using time wisely for studying and work are important.)"-
participant 2

"Ahmm… siguro para sa akin naaayos ko naman sya kasi ahmm may time management naman ako para sa

studies at may time management din ako para gawin yong mga trabaho ko sa bahay para hindi sya like puro

nalang focus sa isa ganon, focus nalang sa trabaho sa bahay kailangan pantay din. (I guess for me, I manage

it well because. I have time management for my studies and I also have time management to do my

household chores so it is not like I am all focused on one thing, like just focusing on work at home, it

needs to be balanced.)"- participant 3

Negative Views

Figure 4. Illustration of Negative Views

Support

Figure 5. Illustration of Support

Assistance

Figure 6. Illustration of Assistance