SMART UMBRELLA SYSTEM USING RASPBERRY PI BASED ON IOT

By

KATHIKGESU A/L JAYAMANI

Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor in Computer Science (Honours) in the Faculty of Information
Sciences and Engineering

September 2021
 PENGISYTIHARAN
(Declaration)

Saya,
I,

KATHIKGESU A/L JAYAMANI

Calon bagi ijazah Sarjana Muda

Candidate for the bachelor of

BACHELOR IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

Management & Science University mengakui bahawa:

Management & Science University certify that:

• Tesis saya telah dijalankan, digubal dan ditulis sendiri di bawah penyeliaan : My
thesis was personally developed, conducted and written by me under the
supervision of :

DR OMAR ISMAEL IBRAHIM

• Data saya adalah data asal dan saya/kami sendiri mengumpul dan
menganalisisnya; dan
My data are original and personally collected and analyzed and

• Saya akan sentiasa mematuhi syarat, polisi dan peraturan MSU mengenai
penulisan tesis, termasuk undang-undang Hakcipta dan Paten Malaysia.
I shall at all times be governed by the conditions, policies and regulations of the
MSU on thesis writing, including the copyright and Patent laws of Malaysia.

Jika saya didapati melanggar perkara-perkara di atas, saya dengan relanya

menepikan hak penganugerahan ijazah saya dan tertakluk kepada syarat dan
peraturan disiplin Management & Science University.
In the event that my thesis be found to violate the conditions mentioned above, I
voluntarily waive the right of conferment of my degree and be subjected to the
disciplinary rules and regulations of Management & Science University.

KATHIKGESU A/L JAYAMANI 24.1.2022

Nama Calon Tandatangan Calon Tarikh
Candidate’s
Candidate’s Name Signature Date
Faculty of Information Sciences and Engineering

Management & Science University

I
 PERAKUAN KERJA KERTAS PROJEK

(Certification of Project Paper)

Saya, yang bertandatangan, memperakukan bahawa

(I, he undersigned, certify that)

KATHIKGESU A/L JAYAMANI

calon untuk ijazah Sarjana Muda

(Candidate for the bachelor of)

BACHELOR IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

telah mengemukakan kertas projek yang bertajuk

(Has presented his/her project paper of the following title)

SMART UMBRELLA SYSTEM USING RASPBERRY PI BASED ON IOT

seperti yang tercatat di muka surat tajuk dan kulit kertas projek
(as it appears on the title page and front cover of project paper)
bahawa kertas projek tersebut boleh diterima dari segi bentuk serta kandungan, dan
meliputi bidang ilmu dengan memuaskan.
(that the project paper acceptable in form and content, and that a satisfactory
knowledge of the field is covered by the project paper).

Nama Penyelia
(Name of Supervisor): DR OMAR ISMAEL IBRAHIM

Tandatangan
(Signature) :

Tarikh
(Date) : 24.1.2022

II
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First, I want to show my gratitude to the almighty GOD for blessing me with
patience and strength to complete this research with all the challenging moments
throughout this study. In addition, I would like to express my gratitude to my
supervisor Dr Omar Ismael for his willingness to spend his time guiding me
throughout this study. All the constructive comments, advice, encouragement, and
supervision to ensure the accomplishment of this study are highly appreciated. His
effort in coordinating this course and allowing me to learn valuable knowledge and
experience from this research study. Moreover, I would also like to thank all the
lecturers who guided me directly or indirectly while completing this study. I am
genuinely grateful to have all the fantastic people around me. Apart from that, my
most profound appreciation to my family is always there for me to give endless
moral and spiritual support for me not to give up and keep doing my best.

III
 ABSTRACT

Abstract of project presented to the Senate of Management & Science University in

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor in Computer
Science (Honours.).

SMART UMBRELLA SYSTEM USING RASPBERRY PI BASED ON IOT

By
KATHIKGESU A/L JAYAMANI
September 2021

Faculty: Information Sciences and Engineering

Umbrella is made of a folding canopy, metal rips, metal handle, and plastic pole,
which we used to safeguard the community against rain and sunlight. A smart
umbrella is not against the rain. Simultaneously, it provides various services to
customers as it consists of various features such as alerting the users for a rainy or
sunny day. Many older people worry about becoming more forgetful. They think
forgetfulness is the first sign of Alzheimer's disease (A.D.). In the past, memory loss
and confusion were considered a normal part of aging. However, scientists now
know that most people remain alert and able as they age, although it may take the
monger to remember things. Many people experience memory lapses. Some memory
problems are serious, and others are not. This study aims to protect the aging
community that develops forgetfulness, which will lead to forgetting to bring along
their umbrella, which will expose them to sunny and rainy weather and lead to illness.
Therefore, this study will help them to bring along their umbrella whenever they
need it by sending a notification. The general objective of this study is to create a
new smart umbrella using Raspberry PI using IoT, which will provide the
notifications guide people to get information about the weather situation and install
the solar umbrella to recharge the device and the navigation route. This project
methodology is rapid analysis design. In Nutshell, the project is to facilitate the
ageing community that develops forgetfulness, to bring their umbrella along with
them whenever they go.

IV
 Abstrak

Abstrak tesis yang dikemukakan kepada Senat Management & Science University
sebagai memenuhi sebahagian keperluan untuk ijazah Sarjana Muda Sains Komputer
(Kepujian).

SMART UMBRELLA SYSTEM USING RASPBERRY PI BASED ON IOT

Oleh
KATHIKGESU A/L JAYAMANI
September 2021

Fakulti: Sains Maklumat dan Kejuruteraan

Payung diperbuat daripada kanopi lipat, logam, pemegang logam dan tiang plastik,
yang digunakan untuk melindungi masyarakat daripada hujan dan cahaya matahari.
Payung pintar bukan sahaja menentang hujan, pada masa yang sama, ia menyediakan
pelbagai perkhidmatan kepada pelanggan kerana ia terdiri daripada pelbagai ciri
seperti memberi amaran kepada pengguna mengenai cuaca. Ramai orang yang lebih
tua bimbang tentang menjadi pelupa. Mereka menganggap pelupa adalah tanda
pertama penyakit Alzheimer (A.D.). Pada masa lalu, kehilangan ingatan dan
kekeliruan dianggap sebagai bahagian normal penuaan. Walau bagaimanapun, para
saintis kini tahu bahawa kebanyakan orang tetap berjaga-jaga dan apabila mereka
meningkat usia, walaupun mungkin memerlukan sesuatu untuk mengingati. Ramai
orang mengalami hilang ingatan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melindungi komuniti
penuaan yang mengalami kelupaan, yang akan menyebabkan lupa untuk membawa
payung mereka, yang akan mendedahkan mereka kepada cuaca cerah dan hujan dan
membawa kepada penyakit. Oleh itu, kajian ini akan membantu mereka membawa
bersama payung mereka pada bila-bila masa mereka memerlukannya dengan
menghantar notifikasi. Objektif umum kajian ini adalah untuk mencipta payung
pintar menggunakan Raspberry PI dengan IoT, yang akan menyediakan maklumat
tentang keadaan cuaca dan memasang payung solar. Metodologi projek ini adalah
reka bentuk analisis pantas. Secara ringkasnya, projek itu adalah untuk memudahkan
komuniti penuaan yang mengembangkan pelupa, untuk membawa payung mereka
bersama mereka apabila mereka pergi dimana sahaja.

V
 TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENTS PAGE
DECLARATION I
CERTIFICATION OF PROJECT PAPER II
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS III
ABSTRACT IV
ABSTRAK V
TABLE OF CONTENTS VI
LIST OF TABLES IX
LIST OF FIGURES X
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND STUDY 1
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 2
1.3 OBJECTIVE 3
1.4 HYPOTHESIS 3
1.4.1 NULL HYPOTHESIS 3
1.4.2 ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS 3
1.5 ASSUMPTION AND LIMITATIONS 4
1.5.1 ASSUMPTION 4
1.5.2 LIMITATIONS 4
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 UMBRELLA 5
2.2 SMART UMBRELLA 6
2.2.1 HISTORY OF SMRT UMBRELLA 7
2.3 INTERNET OF THINGS 8
2.3.1 HISTORY OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS 9
2.4 RASPBERRY PI 10

VI
2.4.1 HISTORY OF RASPBERRY PI 11
2.5 ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE 12
2.6 RELATED WORK 13
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY 14
3.1 INTRODUCTION 14
3.2 POROJECT METHODOLODY 15
3.3 DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY 16
3.3.1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW 17
3.3.2 DESIGN DIAGRAM 18
3.3.3 USER REQUIREMENT LIST 19
3.3.4 USE CASE 20
3.3.5 FLOW DIAGRAM 21
3.4 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE 22
3.4.1 HARDAWARE REQUIREMENTS 22
[Link] RASPBERRY PI R MODEL B 23
[Link] ADS1115 24
[Link] TEMPERATURE SENSOR(DHT22) 25
[Link] MOISTURE SENSOR 26
[Link] SD CARD 27
[Link] MONITOR 28
3.4.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 29
[Link] RASPBIAN JESSIE 29
[Link] LANGUAGE – LINUX 30
[Link] PYTHON 30
[Link] ANDROID STUDIO 31
[Link] OPENWEATHERMAP 32
[Link] ACCUWEATHER 33

VII
CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 34
4.1 INTRODUCTION 34
4.2 RASPAPPS 34
4.3 RASPBERRY PI 35
4.4 SOLAR PANEL 36
CHAPTER 5
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 37
5.1 CONCLUSION 37
5.2 FUTURE WORK 38
6.0 REFERENCE 39
7.0 APPENDIX 42

VIII
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No Page No.

2.1 Project Comparison 13

2.2 User Requirement for this system 19

IX
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Page No.

2.1 IoT connection device 8

2.2 Raspberry Pi logo 10

3.1 Rapid Analysis Design 15

3.2 System Overview 17

3.3 Design Diagram 18

3.4 Use case diagram 20

3.5 Flow Diagram 21

3.6 Raspberry Pi board 23

3.7 ADS1115 24

3.8 DHT22 25

3.9 Moisture Sensor 26

3.10 SD Card 27

3.11 Monitor 28

3.12 Raspberry Pi Desktop 29

3.13 Python IDE 30

X
3.14 Android Studio 31

3.15 OpenWeatherMap 32

3.16 AccuWeather 33

4.1 RaspApp 34

4.2 Raspberry Pi 4 Model B 32

4.3 Raspberry Pi 4 Model B fixed on the umbrella 32

4.4 Top view of the umbrella with solar panel 33

4.5 Side view of the umbrella with solar panel 33

XI
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.0 BACKGROUND STUDY

Umbrella is made by a folding canopy, metal rips, metal handle, and plastic

pole, which we used to safeguard the community against rain and sunlight (Baby. A

et al.,2020). A smart umbrella is not against the rain. Simultaneously, it provides

various services to customers as it consists of various features such as alert the

users for a rainy or sunny day (Han. Y et al., 2017). In some research, the author

suggests smart umbrella for smart future cities in term of opening up itself using

sensory signals at the time of the rain over car parking, canopies large open space

and also able to close itself as rain goes down (Dad.A. et al.,2020).

Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers developed in

the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in association with Broadcom.

The original model became more popular than anticipated, selling outside its target

market for uses such as robotics. It is widely used in many areas, such as weather

monitoring, because of its low cost, modularity, and open design. It is typically used

by computer and electronic hobbyists due to its adoption of HDMI and USB devices.

The Internet of things is a system of interrelated computing devices,

mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals, or people provided with unique

identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human to

human or human to computer interaction. A complete Internet of Things system

integrates four distinct components, which consists of sensors, connectivity, data

processing and a user interface. Internet of Things includes sensors such as "talk"

to the could come through some kind of connectivity. Once the data get to the cloud,

software prosses it and might decide to perform an action such as an alert or

automatically adjusting the sensor device without the need for the users (Clelland.

C.M.,2016).

1
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Many older people worry about becoming more forgetful. They think forgetfulness is

the first sign of Alzheimer's disease (A.D.). In the past, memory loss and confusion

were considered normal part of ageing. However, scientists now know that most

people remain alert and able as they age, although it may take the monger to

remember things. Many people experience memory lapses. Some memory

problems are serious, and others are not.

The prevalence of dementia in Malaysia is estimated at 0.126% and 0.454%

in 2020 and 2050, respectively (Rees et al., 2006; Tey et al., 2016). Most family

members view A.D.'s symptoms as normal ageing and do not seek any medical

treatments (Alzheimer's Disease International, 2015).

This study aims to protect the ageing community that develops forgetfulness,

which will lead to forgetting to bring along their umbrella, which will expose them to

sunny and rainy weather and lead to illness. Therefore, this study will help them to

bring along their umbrella whenever they need it by sending a notification.

2
1.3 OBJECTIVE

1. To create a new smart umbrella using Raspberry PI using IoT, which will
provide the notifications guide people to get information about the weather
situation and install the solar umbrella to recharge the device.

2. To create a new smart umbrella using Raspberry PI using IoT.

3. To provide the notifications advice to people to get information about the

situation of the weather.

4. To install the solar umbrella to recharge the device.

1.4 HYPOTHESIS

1.4.1 NULL HYPOTHESIS

1. There is no creation of a smart umbrella using Raspberry Pi, and

IoT provides notification that guides people to get information

about real- time weather analysis.

2. There is no solar energy used to recharge the smart umbrella.

1.4.2 ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

1. There is a creation of a smart umbrella using Raspberry Pi, and

IoT provides notification that guides people to get information
about real- time weather analysis.

2. There is solar energy used to recharge the smart umbrella.

3
1.5 ASSUMPTION AND LIMITATIONS

1.5.1 ASSUMTION

1. Ageing people will use this instrument

2. The usage of this instrument also will reduce pollution

1.5.2 LIMITATIONS

A few limitations should be highlighted to improve the project in the future. Firstly,
according to the time limitation, where we provided just six months to complete this
project, it was a limitation to produce more advanced instruments. Other than that,
the cost, due to the high cost for certain materials, we cannot perform.

4
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 UMBRELLA

An umbrella is a collapsing shelter (overhead rooftop) upheld by metal or wooden

ribs generally mounted on a wooden, metal or plastic shaft. It is intended to secure
an individual against daylight and downpour. Umbrellas and parasols are essentially
convenient hand-held gadgets estimated for individual use. The colossal hand-
compact umbrellas are golf umbrellas. Umbrellas can be partitioned into two
classifications: Fully folding umbrellas, in which the metal post supporting the
overhang withdraws, making the umbrella little enough to fit in a purse and non-
folding umbrellas, in which the help shaft cannot remove, and just the shade can be
imploded.

The mid-year season temperature of the air ascends to a significant level, and it
is intolerable. Individuals are paying extraordinary minds to obscure spots because
the sun's environment is so high. The atmosphere in mid-year days, as a rule, is
above 35°C, so there is a requirement for a framework that gives shadow—for the
most part, sun concealing enormous umbrella deals utilized at seashores, pools or
in patios. Likewise, numerous coffeehouses or eateries use sun-concealing goliath
umbrellas on tables and downpour, safeguarding and giving a positive state of mind
of being in the encompassing. Subsequently, the goliath umbrellas are viable.

For such sorts of purposes, an automatic umbrella is required, which is furnished

with current innovation. The vision is to make an advanced design of minimal
expense that satisfies individuals working in open regions. The essential capacity of
a mechanized umbrella is an assurance from daylight. This umbrella addresses
these issues by utilizing different sensors and D.C. engines to naturally follow the
sun to amplify concealing where it is being used. D.C. engine is being used for
immediate and Instant reaction of a current having a solitary stage. The
determination of the D.C. engine relies on force. It works at whatever point the sun
rises more. Sensors recognize light and enact the engines of the umbrella, which
further drives the shaft to open and close the umbrella. These days these kinds of
umbrellas are additionally be utilized for a vehicle leaving. The motivation behind
doing this is to feel good while working in open regions and make a dependable plan
for homegrown and modern purposes(T. E. A. 2017.,).

5
2.2 SMART UMBRELLA

The umbrella user is presented with many trade-offs when they choose how to avoid
the rain. The most typical choice around town is a compact umbrella that sacrifices
some coverage for portability. Aside from content, it is just more comfortable when
the umbrella is directed into the wind so that the umbrella does act like a sail
dragging around in a strong wind. The operation of gauging where the rain is coming
from as the wind shifts, and we wind through streets in all directions becomes taxing
on our wrists. This problem of repositioning the umbrella is especially burdensome
for wheelchair users who may have muscular issues that prevent find control of the
umbrella or who need their hands free to control the wheelchair(T. E. A. 2017.,).

6
2.2.1 HISTORY OF SMART UMBRELLA

The Internet of Things is gradually rethinking our reality, transforming idiotic articles
like our ice chests and vehicles into keen, associated gadgets. Moreover, yes, it has
even happened to our umbrellas. Haz is a "smart" umbrella that leverages I.T. to
solve some of the common woes of the average parasol. Although it is significantly
more clever than the standard overhang, there are a few things we would wish it
were able to do. Haz promotes itself as the maker of the "world's originally
mechanized brilliant umbrella," intending to "think outside the box in umbrella plan."
That it is considerably wiser than the run of the mill cover, there are a few things we
would wish it were prepared to do. Haz promotes itself as the maker of the "world's
previously mechanized brilliant umbrella," planning to "think outside the box in
umbrella plan."

In addition, users can check out the last known location of Haz with the
smartphone app. The app also keeps an eye on the local weather and will notify
users when they should be taking their umbrella so they are not caught in the rain.
Haz is undoubtedly a step up from the average umbrella, solving many of the
annoyances of using and losing a brolly. Moreover, it has hit a chord with backers,
who have successfully funded an Indiegogo campaign with plenty of time left on the
clock(T. E. A. 2017.,).

7
2.3 INTERNET OF THINGS

The Internet of things (IoT) is a trick all term for developing hardware that is not
conventional processing gadgets but is associated with the Internet to send
information and get guidelines. There is a broad scope of things that fall under that
umbrella, the Internet-associated "smart" variants of conventional apparatuses like
coolers and lights; contraptions that could just exist in a web empowered world like
Alexa-style advanced colleagues; web empowered sensors that are changing
manufacturing plants, medical care, transportation, dispersion focuses and
cultivates.

Priceonomics separates it, more than 50 billion IoT gadgets were starting in 2020,
and those gadgets will produce 4.4 zettabytes of information this year. (A zettabyte
is a trillion gigabytes.) By correlation, in 2013, IoT gadgets had a simple 100 billion
gigabytes. The measure of cash to be made in the IoT market is comparatively
excellent; it gauges the market's worth in 2025 territory from $1.6 trillion to $14.4
trillion (Keyur K Patel. 2016.).

Figure 2.1: IoT connection device

8
2.3.1 HISTORY OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a device that has given direct interchanges since the
message (the main landline) was created during the 1830s and 1840s. Depicted as
"wireless telegraphy," the principal radio voice transmission occurred on June 3,
1900, giving another important segment to fostering the Internet of Things. The
advancement of P.C.s started during the 1950s.

The Internet, a significant component of the IoT, started as part of DARPA (Defence
Advanced Research Projects Agency) in 1962 and evolved into ARPANET in 1969.
In the 1980s, commercial service providers began supporting public use of
ARPANET, allowing it to develop into our modern Internet. Global Positioning
Satellites (GPS) became a reality in early 1993, with the Department of Defence
providing a stable, highly functional system of 24 satellites. This was quickly
followed by privately owned, commercial satellites being placed in orbit. Satellites
and landlines offer essential communications for much of the IoT.

An essential component in developing a functional IoT was IPV6's brilliant decision

to increase address space. Steve Leibson of the Computer History Museum states,
"The address space expansion means that we could assign an IPV6 address to
every atom on the surface of the earth, and still have enough addresses left to do
another 100+ piles of the earth" (Keyur K Patel. 2016.,).

9
2.4 RASPBERRY PI

The Raspberry Pi- a credit-card-sized single-board computer developed by

Raspberry Pi Foundation, United Kingdom. The board is a miniature marvel, packs
extreme computing power and capable of designing unique projects. The computer
costs ranging from $5 to $35 and is perfect for performing all sort of computing tasks
and interfacing various kinds of devices via GPIO. The Raspberry Pi board contains
Broadcom based ARM Processor, Graphics Chip, RAM, GPIO and other connectors
for external devices. Raspberry Pi's operating procedure is very similar to P.C. It
requires additional hardware like Keyboard, Mouse, Display Unit, Power Supply, SD
Card with O.S. Installed (Acting like Hard Disk) for operation. Raspberry Pi also
facilitates USB ports, Ethernet for Internet/Network-Peer to Peer Connectivity. Like
any other computer, where Operating system acts as the backbone for operation.
Raspberry Pi facilitates open-source operating system's based on Linux. To date,
more than 30 operating systems based on different flavours of Linux is being
launched. Raspberry Pi foundation has also found various accessories like a
Camera, Gertboard and Compute Model Kit for deploying add-on hardware modules
(Nayyar and Puri, 2015.).
.

Figure 2.2: Raspberry Pi logo

10
2.4.1 HISTORY OF RASPBERRY PI

Raspberry Pi- A name that is now not a new technical buzzword for researchers in
Computer Science, Electronics & Embedded Systems engineering worldwide. To
date, 5 million pieces of various generations of Raspberry Pi ranging from Model A
to Model B and even the latest Raspberry Pi Zero have been sold, and thousands of
projects ranging from Robotics, Super Computer development, Gaming Consoles,
Portable Tablets, Server-based Implementations on lines of Linux and Cloud
Computing, Drones and even Astro Pi has been proposed and implemented all over
the world. The foundation seed for development for Raspberry Pi journey started in
2006 when researchers named: Eben Upton, Rob Mullins, Jack Lang and Alan
Mycroft at the University of Cambridge's Computer Laboratory became stunned to
see the decline in the skill level of A-Level students and students applying for
computer science. The main idea behind their stepping stone development was to
give kids tiny and affordable computers when computers were expensive. Parents of
children in the U.K. did not support programming practice among kids. The team
lead by Eben Upton developed several versions of working prototypes from the year
2006 to 2008, and the final released version was named "RASPBERRY Pi".

In 2008, the processors used in mobile devices became cheaper and

powerful and had full potential to support and run multimedia and all sorts of
programming. The project seemed to be of high potential to the team, so the
members Eben Upton, Rob, Jack and Alan got the project joint-ventured by Pete
Lomas, MD of Norcott Technologies (Hardware Design and Manufacture Company)
and David Braben (Co-Author of Seminal BBC Micro Game Elite) to make
Raspberry Pi Foundation. The Raspberry Pi was officially created in 2012 (February
2012), and the developing stone was laid by Raspberry Pi Foundation. Moreover,
within three years, model B entered mass level production with Element 14 and R.S.
Electronics, and within two years of the official launch of Pi, 2 million pieces are sold
to date.

Raspberry Pi, a complete P.C. in itself, started a new movement of Portable

and Low powerful computers. Moreover, considering Raspberry Pi, various replica
boards like Intel Galileo, Dwengo, Beaglebone, ORCID(Nayyar and Puri, 2015.).

11
2.5 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

More than 46 million people worldwide live with Alzheimer's disease (A.D.), and the
number is expected to increase to 131.5 million by 2050, with the majority being
from low and middle-income countries. The estimated cost of managing A.D. was at
US$818 billion, and it is forecasted to increase to a trillion-dollar by 2018. The
prevalence of dementia in Malaysia is estimated at 0.126% and 0.454% in 2020 and
2050. This is because most family members view A.D.'s symptoms as normal
ageing, and hence, do not seek any medical treatments.

Management of A.D. patients is complex as the development of psychiatric

and behavioural disturbances upon pharmacological treatment might overlap with
the symptoms of cognitive decline. Pharmacists are valuable member of the
healthcare team in managing patients with A.D. They are trained to identify potential
adverse drug reactions (ADR), helping the clinicians rule out the possibility of these
ADRs that may appear to be A.D. symptoms. In addition, pharmacists can monitor
for the safety and efficacy of medications and medication adherence among A.D.
patients. Pharmacists can educate A.D. patients and their caregivers, ensuring that
they keep abreast with new drug therapies and updated resources. More recently,
the role of pharmacists in the early detection of A.D. is increasingly emphasized as
they are evident and easily accessed by the community.

Inadequate knowledge in regards to A.D. among healthcare professionals is

negatively impacted patient outcomes. Studies have revealed that some primary
care physicians failed to properly evaluate and manage patients with A.D. due to
inadequate training. A recent survey conducted among community pharmacists in
the Maltese Islands revealed that the respondents generally had insufficient
knowledge of risk factors, caregiving issues, and pharmacotherapy of A.D. These
indicate a need for continuous knowledge empowerment on A.D. among healthcare
professionals care to A.D. patients. Limited studies have been conducted to assess
A.D. among healthcare professionals, mainly the pharmacists in the public
healthcare institutions who are regularly accessed by the public (Mat Nuri et al.,
2017).

12
2.6 RELATED WORK

As you can see from the table below, many projects have developed on my title.
Some of the projects were made with the Adafruit IO board and the Raspberry Pi
system set. There have many differences between my project with the previous
project. All the last projects develop without Sustainable Development Goals
number 7, affordable and clean energy. In my project, I have added a solar panel
with my umbrella to give power energy to operate the Raspberry Pi. I also created
an application that can connect with the smart umbrella with the help of Bluetooth.

Table 2.3: Project Comparison

Publication/ Om Umbrella SmartBrella IoT base Smart

Project Title (Felix, et al 2016) (Robin Mitchell., Umbrella System
2018) using Raspberry Pi
(Pantech., 2020)

Hardware Exotic System Adafruit IO Raspberry Pi

Function & 1. Temperature 1. Air Temperature

Features sensor temperature sensor
2. Pressure 2. Humidity 1. Pressure
sensor 3. Wind speed sensor
3. Humidity 4. Rain 2. Humidity
sensor detection sensor
4. Light sensor 5. Atmospheric 3. Light sensor
5. With Mobile pressure
Application 4. With Mobile
Application
Limitation 1. No energy 1. No mobile 1. No energy
saving application saving
2. Require Wi-
Fi connection

13
 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Project Management Methodology is characterized as logically related procedures,

strategies, and processes for determining the steps to plan, design, monitor, and
deliver a project during the continuous implementation phase until the project has
reached its target, and thus to make the project function as planned with no failures
or flaws. It has been scientifically demonstrated that a systematic and focused
approach to project planning, execution, and completion results in a 100% success
rate. The project methodology aims to ensure the effectiveness of particular
procedures, techniques, strategies, methods, and technology by controlling the
entire management process through successful decision-making and problem-
solving. A methodology typically provides a skeleton for thoroughly outlining each
phase. A project manager knows what to do to execute and implement the work
according to the timetable, budget, and client specifications.

14
3.2 PROJECT METHODOLOGY

Phase 1: Requirements planning

In this phase, we determine the goals and the expectation for this project. Moreover,
the current problem which the prevalence of Alzheimer's diseases increasing.
Therefore, this project plans to assist Alzheimer's patients by alerting them to bring
their umbrella along.

Phase 2: User design

This project will be designed using Raspberry Pi, Temperature Sensor, Light-
dependent resistor, moisture sensor, Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), Monitor
and IoT. The raspberry will act as the central control in this project. The temperature
sensor is responsible for detecting the current temperature on a sunny day, while
the moisture sensor determines the rainy.

Phase 3: Rapid construction

In this phase, the prototypes will be developed into the working model. This device
will be designed using Phyton coding, and for the user U.I., we will implement the
output through the Android application. For the android apps development, all the
backend work will be code in Android Studio.

Phase 4: Cutover

This is a phase where the finished project goes to launch. It includes data
conversion, testing, and changeover to the new system and user training.

Figure 3.1: Rapid Analysis Design

15
3.3 DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY

This project will use a rapid application development methodology known as RAD.
RAD approach is a fast project turnaround, making it an attractive choice in a fast-
paced environment like software or application development. RAD's focus on
minimizing the planning stage and maximizing prototype development make this
rapid pace possible. By reducing planning time and emphasizing prototype
iterations, RAD accurately measures progress and communicates on evolving
issues or changes in real-time. This project is supposed to follow a few phases in
RAD to complete the project successfully.

The project's goals are to develop a smart umbrella system using IOT, which can
measure rainfall and predict weather conditions with the notion in smartphones. So
far, the study has discovered two working methods that RAD development
methodology can use to fulfil these goals. The highly beneficial criteria for using
these procedures are as follows: first, plug in all the sensors with Raspberry and
develop the code for the sensor for the connectivity. After completing this procedure,
we have to build an android application to view the output from the Raspberry in the
user smartphone.

16
3.3.1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

A system overview helps identify the system's building blocks, whether hardware,
software, or mechanics—an overview of this project where all the sensors will be
connected to the Raspberry Pi. The Raspberry Pi will receive power energy
through the solar panel. The next phase will be developing code that tests the
system's error, which Raspberry Pi and Python IDE input. This stage also
determines the system's architecture, showing how the logic design from the
coding system produces the prototype. The third stage will be applied once the
hardware connection and data sensor are accurate.

Figure 3.2: System Overview

17
3.3.2 DESIGN DIAGRAM

At this stage, a UML diagram has been created to understand better how the system
operated. A flowchart is intended to represent a process and show how the system
works step by step. Using use case diagrams are an example of concept diagrams.
The diagram is used in the device specifications to define, explain, and submit
messages to the object. We included the character and its requirements to provide
an interpretation of thescheme.

Figure 3.3: Design Diagram

18
3.3.3 USER REQUIREMENT LIST

The user requirement specification is a list of the requirement that specifies what the
user expects the software able to do. A user requirement list displays as user needs,
describe what the user does with the system. As for this system, the requirement list
is shown in table 3.4 below, where we listed all the requirement that needs to be
done by the user and the design. Firstly, the user will switch on the Raspberry Pi will
turn on. Next, the system will use the sensor to measure the climate. The next step
this system will send a notification to the user's smartphone.

NO REQUIREMENT LIST USE CASE

1. Raspberry Pi Switch on system
2. OpenWeatherMap APIs To give real-time weather data
3. AccuWeather APIs To give forecasted weather data for mobile
application
4. ADS1115 Analog-to-digital converter
5. Moisture Sensor To check climate during a rainy day
6. DHT22 Sensor To read the weather

7. SD Card To store defined program

8. Solar Panel To give power energy for raspberry pi

Table 3.4: User Requirement for this system

19
3.3.4 USE CASE

The crucial part of the Unified Modelling Language (UML) is drawing use case
diagrams. The diagram consists of actors who represent roles played by users of
the system. The use cases illustrated in oval-shaped represent the different uses
that a user might have. As shown in figure 3.3.4 below, the use case diagram
illustrates how this system works. The actors for this system is the user and system.
The Raspberry Pi system has to turn on first. Then, the system will use the sensor to
detect the climate by the temperature sensor and moisture sensor. Then, the
Raspberry Pi board verify the data and send a notification to Android Application
(RespApp). This RaspApp also receives external information from weather app
services APIs such as OpenWeatherMap and AccuWeather.

Figure 3.5: Use case diagram

20
3.3.5 FLOW DIAGRAM

A flowchart system displays the data flows and how the decision is made to control
events. This can be illustrating by symbols used on how they are connected to show
what happens to data and where it goes. This can be explaining by symbols used on
how they are connected to show what happens to information and where it goes.
Figure 3.3.5 shows the flow of the system. Whenever the system is on, it will
activate the raspberry pi, which will start the sensor and IoT connection. The
activated sensor will collect all the data and verify, and there will be two conditions:
rainy day or sunny day. The IoT will link the device to the cloud, receive the verified
data, and send the user device's notification.

Figure 3.6: Flow Diagram

21
3.4 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

All methods and tools used to develop a smart umbrella are being discussed. At the
very beginning, devices utilized in the research are described in detail as to how they
are being used in the context. After that, the implementation started with hardware
and software, preprocessing, and algorithms presented a summary of these issues at
the end of the chapter.

3.4.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Like every other research and study, this thesis utilized some applications and tools
to create models and experiments. For such analysis, many tools needed to be used.
The author used raspberry pi as the model development system or, for example,
many sensors that are necessary or helpful to create the smart umbrella. In this
chapter, all the tools used in the thesis are presented

22
[Link] RASPBERRY PI 4 MODEL B

Featuring a quad-core 64-bit processor, 4 G.B. of RAM, wireless networking, dual-

display output, and 4K video playback, as well as a 40-pin GPIO header, Raspberry
Pi 400 is a powerful, easy-to-use computer built into a neat and portable keyboard.
Raspberry Pi 400 incorporates a purpose-built board based on Raspberry Pi 4.
Featuring the same powerful processor, Raspberry Pi 400 has specially designed
thermals to keep our computer cool. The GPIO pins remain accessible, so if we
want to explore beyond the desktop, we can connect components and prototype our
projects. Our computer kit comes with a mouse, power supply, micro HDMI to HDMI
cable, and S.D. card preloaded with Raspberry Pi O.S.

Figure 3.7: Raspberry Pi board

23
[Link] ADS1115

ADS1115 is an ultra-small, low-power, 16-bit precision AD converter (Analog to

Digital Converter) with an internal reference voltage. Mainly used in high-precision
instrumentation, automotive electronics, battery voltage collection and other high-
precision collection occasions. Its general function is to amplify, improve accuracy,
and convert analog to digital for data analysis.

Figure 3.8: ADS115

24
[Link] TEMPERATURE SENSOR(DHT22)

The DHT22 is a basic, low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a
capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air and
spits out a digital signal on the data pin (no analog input pins needed). It's fairly
simple to use but requires careful timing to grab data. The only real downside of this
sensor is you can only get new data from it once every 2 seconds, so when using
our library, sensor readings can be up to 2 seconds old.

Simply connect the first pin on the left to 3-5V power, the second pin to your
data input pin, and the rightmost pin to ground. Although it uses a single wire to
send data it is not Dallas One Wire compatible! If you want multiple sensors, each
one must have its own data pin.

Figure 3.9: DHT22

25
[Link] MOISTURE SENSOR

Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in the soil. Since the
direct gravimetric measurement of free soil moisture requires removing, drying, and
weighing of a sample, soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content
indirectly by using some other property of the soil, such as electrical resistance,
dielectric constant, or interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture content.
The relation between the measured property and soil moisture must be calibrated
and may vary depending on environmental factors such as soil type, temperature,
or electric conductivity. Reflected microwave radiation is affected by soil moisture
and is used for remote sensing in hydrology and agriculture. Farmers or gardeners
can use portable probe instruments. Light-dependent resistors Soil moisture sensors
typically refer to sensors that estimate volumetric water content. Another class of
sensors measure another property of moisture in soils called water potential; these
sensors are usually referred to as soil water potential sensors and
include tensiometers and gypsum blocks.

Figure 3.10: Moisture Sensor

26
[Link] SD CARD

Secure Digital, officially abbreviated as S.D., is a proprietary non-volatile memory

card format developed by S.D. Association (SDA) for portable devices. The
standard was introduced in August 1999 by joint efforts between SanDisk,
Panasonic (Matsushita) and Toshiba as an improvement over MultiMediaCards
(MMCs) and has become the industry standard. The three companies formed SD-
3C, LLC, a company that licenses and enforces intellectual property rights
associated with S.D. memory cards and S.D. host and ancillary products. The
companies also started S.D. Association (SDA), a non-profit organization, in
January 2000 to promote and create SD Card standards. SDA today has about
1,000 member companies. The SDA uses several trademarked logos owned and
licensed by SD-3C to enforce compliance with its specifications and assure users of
compatibility.

Figure 3.11: S.D. card

27
[Link] MONITOR

A computer monitor is an electronic device that shows pictures for

computers. Monitors often look similar to televisions. The main difference between
a monitor and a television is that a monitor does not have a television tuner to
change channels. Monitors often have higher display resolution than televisions.

Figure 3.12: Monitor

28
3.4.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

This project consists of two parts. The first one is Raspberry pi with sensors part,
which is the project's background, which will read the temperature using the
sensors. For this, we used the Python programming language. The next part is the
android application. First, we build an android application using android studio IDE.
Then, the application will view the output from the python program, which is made
for Raspberry and the sensors. Finally, due to the accuracy of the weather data
condition information, we added OpenWeatherMap and AccuWeather API for our
applications for the forecast future.

[Link] RASPBIAN JESSIE

Jessie is the official operating system for Raspberry Pi. Compared to Windows 10
IoT, Raspbian Jessie is a complete desktop operating system with many tasks like
any P.C. Many tools are available outside the box, like LibreOffice Suite, Java
development environment. Along with these common uses, we can use this O.S. in
our home automation projects as well.

Figure 3.13: Raspberry Pi Desktop

29
[Link] LANGUAGE – LINUX

Linux is the best-known and most-used open-source operating system. As an

operating system, Linux is software that sits underneath all of the other software on
a computer, receiving requests from those programs and relaying these requests to
the computer's hardware.

[Link] PYTHON

Python is a general-purpose coding language—which means that, unlike HTML,

CSS, and JavaScript, it can be used for other types of programming and software
development besides web development. That includes back end development,
software development, data science and writing system scripts, among other things.

Figure 3.14: Python IDE

30
[Link] ANDROID STUDIO

Android is one of the most popular mobile device platforms. The Android platform
allows developers to write managed code using Java to manage and control the
Android device. Android Studio is a popular IDE developed by Google to develop
applications targeted at the Android platform. Note that Android Studio has replaced
Eclipse as the IDE of choice for developing Android applications. This article
presents a discussion on how to get started using the Android Studio for developing
Android applications.

Figure 3.15: Android Studio

31
[Link]. OPENWEATHERMAP

OpenWeatherMap is an online service, owned by OpenWeather Ltd, that provides

global weather data via API, including current weather
data, forecasts, nowcasts and historical weather data for any geographical location.
The company provides a minute-by-minute hyperlocal precipitation forecast for any
location.

The convolutional machine learning model is used to utilise meteorological

broadcast services and data from airport weather stations, on-ground radar
stations, weather satellites, remote sensing satellites, METAR and automated
weather stations. The company has more than 2 million customers, ranging from
independent developers to Fortune 500 companies. The variety of
weather APIs provided by OpenWeatherMap have found a significant popularity
among the software developers, which resulted in the growing multitude of
repositories on GitHub. The APIs support multiple languages, units of
measurement and industry standard data formats like JSON and XML.

Figure 3.16: OpenWeatherMap

32
[Link]. ACCUWEATHER

AccuWeather Inc. is an American media company that provides commercial weather

forecasting services worldwide. AccuWeather was founded in 1962 by Joel N. Myers,
then a Pennsylvania State University graduate student working on a master's
degree in meteorology. His first customer was a gas company in Pennsylvania.
While running his company, Myers also worked as a member of Penn State's
meteorology faculty.

The company adopted the name "AccuWeather" in 1971. AccuWeather is

headquartered in Ferguson Township, just outside of State College, Pennsylvania,
with offices at 7 World Trade Center in Manhattan in addition to Wichita, Kansas,
and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Internationally, AccuWeather has offices
in Montreal, Tokyo, Beijing, Seoul, and Mumbai.

Figure 3.17: AccuWeather

33
 CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter will present the findings and results from the project smart umbrella
system using Raspberry Pi based on IoT. There have a few parts in this finding
section in this chapter. The android application of the system has shown in the first
section, and the hardware implementation is in the following section.

4.2 RASPAPP

The raspberry application was developed for android users to connect with the
smart umbrella to get real-time weather data.

Figure 4.1 RaspApp

The figure above shows the user interface (UI) of the 'RaspApp' application, which
consists of real-time weather notifications and forecasts for the upcoming 12 hours
weather conditions.

34
4.2 RASPBERRY PI

Raspberry Pi was used to collect the data from the sensors system and interpret it
via 'RaspApps'.

Figure 4.2.1 : Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

Figure 4.2.2 : Raspberry Pi 4 Model B fixed on the umbrella

35
4.3 SOLAR PANEL

The solar panel absorbs the power energy through the natural source and supply to
the raspberry pi system. Other than that, this also acts as a power reserve for
gadget recharging.

Figure 4.3.1 : Top view of the umbrella with solar panel

Figure 4.3.2 : Side view of the umbrella with solar pane

36
 CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This project produces a smart umbrella using raspberry pi based on IoT with the
primary objective of providing the notifications guide people to get information about
the weather situation and install the solar umbrella to recharge the device. The main
concept of this project where is run by an android application connected to the
raspberry pi, which will give notifications on current real-time weather. Other than
that, to get more accurate data of weather, this project also included external
weather apps services APIs, which will make the data more specific based on the
current location and weather forecasting.

5.1 CONCLUSION

Many older people worry about becoming more forgetful. The prevalence of
dementia in Malaysia is estimated at 0.126% and 0.454% in 2020 and 2050,
respectively (Rees et al., 2006; Tey et al., 2016). However, most family members
view A.D.'s symptoms as normal ageing and do not seek medical treatments
(Alzheimer's Disease International, 2015). Therefore, a new invention is essential to
protect the ageing community from forgetting to bring along their umbrella, which
may affect their health because of their exposure to sunny or rainy weather.

In conclusion, the study has innovated a smart umbrella using Raspberry Pi-based
IoT. This project will give notifications to guide people to get information about the
weather situation and install the solar umbrella to recharge the device. In a nutshell,
this project will help ageing people who are more prone to forget their umbrellas and
misplace them.

37
5.2 Future Work

For future project recommendations, it is suggested to use a light canopy umbrella to

produce the lightweight of the instruments. Secondly, the solar panel absorbs the
power energy to be precise and lightweight. Many ageing people couldn't able to
carry heavy stuff. To achieve the user-friendly goal, we want to reduce the umbrella's
height, and we believe it can be archiving more users. From the hourly notifications
about the weather, we want to alert the notifications every 30 minutes once. By this
recommendation, users will be more updated to date in weather conditions, and they
will give more priority by bringing the smart umbrella for rainy and sunny days.

38
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41
7.0 APPENDIX

This picture show fixing the raspberry pi components in the umbrella

42
This picture show the code file for RaspApp Application

43
\\\

This final product of the smart umbrella

44