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Set Theory Problems and Solutions

The document contains problems involving set operations such as union, intersection and complements. Many problems provide the elements of different sets and ask to perform set operations between the sets. Some problems involve real world scenarios and provide data to determine unknown values based on the given information.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
43 views2 pages

Set Theory Problems and Solutions

The document contains problems involving set operations such as union, intersection and complements. Many problems provide the elements of different sets and ask to perform set operations between the sets. Some problems involve real world scenarios and provide data to determine unknown values based on the given information.

Uploaded by

pranjadlow123
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

01.

If X and Y are two sets, then c


X X Y  h ------
02. A set contains n elements. The power set contains ------ elements.

m r
03. If aN  ax : x  N , describe 3N  7N .

04. If A  m2, 3, 4, 8, 10r, B  m3, 4, 5, 10, 12r,

C  m4, 5, 6, 12, 14r, find c A  B h  c A  Ch and c A  B h  c A  C h .

m r m r m r
05. Given A  2, 3 , B  4, 5 , C  5, 6 , find c
i) A  B  C  .... h (ii) c
A  B  C  .... h
06. Set A  {x : x is digit in the number 3591 } B  x: x N, x  10 . m r
Find A  B, A  B, A  B, B  A .
07. A group of 123 workers went to a canteen for cold drinks, ice cream and tea, 42 workers
took ice-cream, 36 tea and 30 cold drinks, 15 workers purchased ice-cream and tea, 10
ice cream and cold drinks, and 4 cold drinks and tea but not ice-cream, 11 took ice-
cream and tea but not cold drinks. Determine how many workers did not purchase
anything ?
08. Of the members of three athletic teams in a certain school, 21 are on the basket ball
team, 26 on hockey team and 29 on the football team. 14 play hockey and basket ball,
15 play hockey and football, 12 play football and basket ball and 8 play all the three
games. How many members are there in all ?

09. Suppose A1, A2,...., A30 are 30 sets each having 5 elements and B 1 , B 2 , ..., B n are n setss
30 n
each with 3 elements, let  A i   B i  S and each element of S belongs to exactly
i 1 i1
10 of the Ai's and exactly 9 of the Bi's . Then n =

{
10. If x  4n  3n  1: n N and} n c h
Y  9 n  1 : n N , s then X  Y 

11. m r
If A  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , then number of proper subsets of A is :------

12. Sets A and B have 5 and 6 elements respectively. What can be the minimum number of
elements in A  B ?
{c h
x
} nc h
13. If sets A and B are defined as A  x, y ; y  e , x R , B  x, y  x, x R then s
a) B  A b) A  B c) A  B   d) none
14. In a town of 10,000 families it was found that 40% families buy newspaper A, 20% families
buy newspaper B and 10% families buy newspaper C. 5% families buy A and B, 3% buy B
and C and 4% buy A and C. If 2% families buy all the three newspapers, find the number of
families which buy (i) A only (ii) B only (iii) none of A, B and C
15. Prove the followings by means of Venn diagram.

c hc hc h
i) A BC  AB  AC c h c h c
ii) A  B  C  A  B  A  C h
c h c h c h
iii) A  B  C  A  B  A  C iv) cA h
 B '  A ' B '
16. The report of one survey of 100 students stated that the numbers studing the various languages were:
Sanskrit, hingi and tamil, 5; hindi and sanskrit, 10; tamil and sanskrit, 8; hindi and tamil, 20; sanskrit,
30; hindi, 23; tamil, 50. The surveyor who prepared this report was fired. Why?
17. A class has 175 students. The following table shows the number of students studying one or more of
the following subjects in this class:
Maths 100 Maths & Physics 30 Maths Physics Chemistry 18
Physics 70 Maths & Chemistry 28
Chemistry 46 Physics & Chemistry 23
How many students are enrolled in Maths alone, Physics alone and Chemistry alone? Are there stu-
dents who have not offered any of these three subjects.
18. In a certain city only two news papers A & B are published. It is known that 25% of the city population
read A and 20% read B while 8% read both A & B. It is also known that 30% of those who read A but
not B look into advertisement & 40% of those who read B but not A look into advertisements while
50% of those who read both A & B look into advertisement. What percentage of the population read
an advertisement.
19. In a pollution study of 1500 Indian rivers the following data were reported. 520 were polluted by
Sulphur compounds, 335 were polluted by phosphates, 425 were polluted by crude oil, 100 were
polluted by both crude oil and sulphur compounds, 180 were polluted by both sulphur compounds
and phosphates, 150 were polluted by both phosphates and crude oil and 28 were polluted by sulphur
compounds, phosphates and crude oil. How many of the rivers, were polluted by at least one of the
three impurities? How many of the rivers were polluted by exactly one of the three impurities?
20. A survey of 500 TV watches produced the following informations: 285 watch football, 195 watch
hockey, 115 watch basket ball, 45 watch football and basket ball, 70 watch football and hockey, 50
watch hockey and basketball, 50 do not watch any of the three games? How many watch all the three
games? How many watch exactly one of the three games.
ANSWER:
1. a 2. b 3. 21N 7. 44 8. 43 9. 45
10. Y 11. 31 12. 6 13. C
14. i) 3300 ii) 1400 iii) 4000 18. 13.9% 19. 878,504 20. 20,325

Common questions

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Calculate based on populations: people looking into advertisements are based on those reading newspapers and their percentages, totaling 13.9% of the population .

Using Venn diagrams to prove set identities such as (A ∩ B) ∪ C = (A ∪ C) ∩ (B ∪ C) requires illustrating each operation visually and showing equivalence .

By applying the principle of inclusion-exclusion on the data: total workers (123), those who bought at least one item (cold drinks, ice cream, tea), and the overlapping purchases given, you calculate directly the number of workers who purchased nothing as 44 .

Out of 10,000 families, 4000 buy A, 2000 B, and 1000 C. Using inclusion-exclusion for those buying at least one newspaper: (4000 + 2000 + 1000) - (500 + 300 + 400) + 200 = 5600, hence 4400 families do not subscribe .

Using the principle of inclusion-exclusion, the number of distinct members in all three teams is calculated by accounting for all subsets of overlapping team members: (21 + 26 + 29) - (14 + 15 + 12) + 8 = 43 .

Using inclusion-exclusion and given overlaps, students only studying one subject are calculated as 42 for Maths, 23 for Chemistry, and 19 for Physics .

A set with n elements has 2^n total subsets within the power set. Proper subsets are all subsets that do not include the set itself .

The number of proper subsets of a set A with 5 elements is 2^5 - 1 = 31, considering that a proper subset does not include the set itself .

By using the principle of inclusion-exclusion: Total with at least one impurity = 520 + 335 + 425 - (100 + 180 + 150) + 28 = 878 rivers .

If a set contains n elements, its power set contains 2^n elements .

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