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Security Lock systems: From Problem Statement to System Design Name of

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Preprint · December 2020

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.19174.04163

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 Security Lock systems: From Problem Statement to System
Design

Name of the Author (Abdullah Mohammed Saeed Alghamdi)

Email of the Author (s438013581@[Link])
Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Systems, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT Humans have invented locks since ancient times, to use them to protect their privacy and
personal belongings. they are constantly evolving over the ages for better protection. But the problem is
that locking the door these days is not safe and can be easily bypassed. Our doors can be forgotten, and
this is a common occurrence for most people. Locks are trying these days to depends on technology by
using a code or phone or by card to make our things safer. But there are limits, which are the lack of
features to be combined in one place. also, the lack of high-security features. To solve this problem, we
need to combine all the modern security features into one lock as well as monitoring features. Thus, we
have high security, comfortable opening, and closing systems, and features that help us easier and
faster, all requirements do not conflict and help to make our homes safer than before.

I. INTRODUCTION poor security, and the difficulty of dealing with

Locks have been in use for 6000 years, With the onset the lock-in one way, which is the traditional key
of the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century
and the concomitant development of precision and there is no other way.
engineering and component standardization, locks and
keys were manufactured with increasing complexity The second problem is the occurrence of errors
and sophistication. The lever tumbler lock, which uses on the part of the human being so that the loss of
a set of levers to prevent the bolt from moving in the the key is very likely, also carrying many keys
lock, was invented by Robert Barron in 1778.[1] His that expose them to loss or ease of theft, also you
double acting lever lock required the lever to be lifted
can forget to close the lock, and here the lock
to a certain height by having a slot cut in the lever, so
lifting the lever too far was as bad as not lifting the cannot be closed by itself because it is
lever far enough. This type of lock is still used mechanical and does not depend on
today.[2]. Electromechanical.
B. CURRENT PRACTICES
the smart lock came and is an electromechanical lock Here, you can mention that there are two ways to review the
that receives instructions to lock and unlock the door literature. A systematic literature review and conventional
from an authorized device using an encryption key literature review. Examples of systematic literature review on
and a wireless protocol. Smart locks are starting to be model-based system engineering for embedded systems and
used more commonly in residential areas, and they are hardware development for cryptographic algorithms can be
often controlled with smartphones. [3] [4] Smart locks found in [1] and [2]. Similarly, the examples of conventional
are used in coworking spaces and offices to enable review papers on the same topic can be found in [3], [4], [5]
keyless office entry. [5] Additionally, electronic locks [6] and [7].
cannot be selected using conventional tools. when We start talking about locks and we have
A. PROBLEM STATEMENT several types of them, including the tumbler lock,
At these times, all human beings have a place of which is now used by most people and it is very
their own in which they keep their property with simple and cheap, but it is not a strong option in
the help of locks to limit the penetration of their the field of locks because it depends only on the
mechanical method.
personal property or privacy, but there are many
defects in these locks, such as easy penetration
The card lock features a programmable card, more D. OUR APPROACH
than one copy of the card can be used, easy to use In our project, we want to collect the characteristics of
and easily programmed, and can be used in many fast, easy and modern security access in one lock to make it
places such as hotels and warehouses. Many easier for the customer to use it, which is the keypad,
companies that make this kind of locker like fingerprint, face ID and phone, and also add security
Zkteco. systems to monitor what happens to the lock such as
camera and motion sensor, as well as control by phone that
The fingerprint lock uses a fingerprint and does not allows remote control and giving Multiple user privileges,
need to carry any keys or cards, and its security is high such as remote unlocking, granting authority to other users,
because it depends on the fingerprint and cannot be and knowing the situation using the established monitoring
hacked. It is also easy to use to access it. Many users systems
can be in the same lock without an external key except
with a finger, and the lock is used in many places, but it We will also solve the battery problem, so that if we are
is common in workplaces or secret safes. Lots of discharged, we use a method to enable us to charge the
companies make this type of lock, like Yale. battery without the need to change it [6].

The face ID lock is by capturing facial and eye features 1) The Lock should have Security systems
to record and identify them during entry, it does not 1) The Lock should have Camera
need difficulty in entering, its security is high, a) The camera should have Record a video
responsive, and used in many places such as b) The camera should have taken a picture
government departments and laboratories. And there 2) The Lock should have Motion sensor
are companies that manufacture it, such as Xiaoyan. a) The Motion sensor should have Send an alert on a
mobile phone
A keypad lock uses a code composed of certain b) The Motion sensor should have Turn on the camera
numbers, the number can be traded to other people 2) The Lock should have Easy Access
other than the user for ease of opening it, more than one
a) The Lock should open by PIN
user can be used on it, it can be a mechanical or
b) The Lock should open by phone
electromechanical lock. simple lock and easy to use
and it is commonly used in homes. Some companies c) The Lock should open by fingerprint
that manufacture such These types of locks like Yale d) The Lock should open by Face id
and Schlage. 3) The Lock should have Application
a) The Application should have Virtual Key
b) The Application should have Temporary key
C. LIMITATIONS OR SHORTCOMINGS OF EXISTING
PRACTICES
c) The Application should have Remote control
Most locks these days have limitations in the
technical characteristics and features that are
required by the circumstances of this time, for
example, no lock combines the characteristics of
entry in one place, which is the keypad,
fingerprint, face ID, and phone, and in terms of
monitoring systems such as the camera and
motion sensor.

we've some technological limitations. For

example, if the door is not firmly closed, the
smart lock may not secure the deadbolt. Smart
locks can also control the locks of one door, and
technological issues can set you back. If the
battery fails, you may find yourself locked out.
Or, if your wireless network is down, you may
not succeed in using remote functionality Figure 1 Objective tree for Security Lock systems

2
As we can see in the objective tree it consists of three 1,5/ We use WI-FI to get high and fast performance in
main factors Security systems, Easy Access, transferring data from the control device to the lock so that
Application. we can control perfectly.
C. POWER REQUIREMENTS
1,6/ The controller is used to control locking features, and it
needs to be energy efficient to last longer. It uses a
rechargeable battery.

D. ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
1,2/ The temporary key is a good option for preserving the
Table 1: Pairwise Comparisons Matrix – General
environment, which is to give a virtual key that is given to
we got the rest of the requirements values by using the AHP other users through the application instead of keys made of
method. aluminum, so that we are preserving the environment.
E. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
1,3.1,4/ The camera and the motion sensor are safety
II. REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATIONS systems that must be provided in the lock in order to protect
When you merge all the engineering requirements for a it from many things, and it must be operable for a longer
project in one document, this is called a requirements period and with high protection.
specification document, and it helps us discover the III. CONCEPT GENERATION AND EVALUATION
requirements for the project, so that the project is satisfied
with all the requirements that it requires, and benefit from Design concept generation and evaluation are two critical
them. processes, which have significant impact on new product
success. Some operational laws of rough number are
introduced to aggregate experts individual judgments to a
collective one and rank the product concept alternatives.

Table 3: Concept table for generating Security lock systems

Table 2: Marketing Requirements to Engineering Requirements

Mapping

A. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1/NFC tag It is a technology that works with
radio waves and we take advantage of it in the
requirements to facilitate for us to enter and open
the lock by using this technology and it is located Table 4: Pairwise Comparisons– User Interface
inside the control device.
we got the rest of the requirements values by using the AHP
B. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS method.

3
IV. FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION

functional decomposition is the process of resolving a

functional relationship into its constituent parts in such a
way that the original function can be reconstructed
(recomposed) from those parts by function composition.

A. LEVEL 0 DIAGRAM
Table 5: Level 0 Security Lock systems

B. LEVEL 1 DIAGRAM
Motion sensor, camera. Its purpose is to monitor what is
happening around the lock, record movement and
snapshots, collect data and send it to the Microcontrollers
STM32, and from here Microcontrollers STM32 processes
the data and sends it to ZigBee (a wireless controller) and
sends it to the phone (control unit), after which the user
sees it on the application.

Touch screen, fingerprint sensor. They are entering into the

lock through them and they receive data from the user, then
Figure 2: Level 0 Diagram the data is collected and sent to Microcontrollers STM32
and it is processed, and a decision is taken whether to open
or not to unlock the lock, ZigBee (wireless control device)
is sent data from the phone (Control unit) remotely after
that sends it to Microcontrollers STM32 and the data is
processed in it.

Power supply consists of 8 AA batteries that give 12 V DC

power to all design components. Also, for further
clarification, all the components are explained separately in
the tables.

Figure 4: Level 1 Diagram

Figure 3: Schematic of the Security Lock systems

4
Table 6: Level 1 Microcontrollers STM32 Table 12: Level 1 Power supply

C. LEVEL 2 DIAGRAM
When the finger skin is placed on a readout
circuit, it is sent to the controller and the
fingerprint is processed, then the fingerprint
image data is sent to the image pre-processing
unit and from there to the feature extraction unit.
The features and features of the fingerprint are
Table 7: Level 1 TFT touch screen extracted and sent to the database unit, after
which they are identified and Matching in the
Matching Unit Then a result that matches the
fingerprint appears. For further clarification, all
the components are explained separately in the
tables.

Table 8: Level 1 Fingerprint sensor

Table 9: Level 1 (PIR) motion sensor

Figure 5: Level 2 Diagram

Table 10: Level 1 Camera

Table 13: Leve 2 Readout circuit

Table 11: Level 1 ZigBee

5
 Table 14: Level 2 Controller

Table 15: Level 2 image pre-processing unit

Figure 6: Security Lock systems Finite State Machine Diagram

Finite State Machine Description:

1. Begin in the system startup state.
Table 16: Level 2 feature extraction unit a. if the door is closed, LCD touch Screen
interface request.
b. a. if the door is closed, Fingerprint sensor
interface request.

2. in the Stray motion detected or log in error.

a. the hidden camera captures picture of visitor.
b. picture is sent using ZigBee from embedded
Table 17: Level 2 Database Unit system to the app of user.
c. picture received on the app of user.

3. The door open directly.

a. If the owner gives the command from the app,
open door.
Table 18: Level 2 Matching Unit
4. if there no response from owner of app.
a. stay the picture until the owner responds.

5. the decision of the owner does not want to be

disturbed.
a. does not disturb Event Door keeps locked.

V. SYSTEM BEHAVIOR 6. The owner (s) set passwords.

A behavioral model allows the designer to describe a. Password(s) wirelessly transmitted and
what the various components of a system's function shown on LCD one after another (in case of
are. There are three shapes which are State diagram, multiple owners setting them).
flow chart, and data flow diagram. We chose the State b. if timeout of the Password the, door keeps
diagram to fit the design and make it easier to design. locked.

7. visitor enters correct Password.

a. if the Password is correct, the door will
open.
b. if the Password is not correct, the door still
Locked and try again.
6
 [8] Chatwood, Arthur Brunel (1911). "Lock". In Chisholm,
VI. CONCLUSION Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 16 (11th ed.).
In our project, we made the normal lock into a Cambridge University Press. pp. 841–844.
highly secure smart lock. We have increased the [9] Pulford, Graham W. (2007). High-Security Mechanical
security of the smart lock to outperform the Locks: An Encyclopedic Reference. Elsevier. p. 317.
ISBN 978-0-7506-8437-8.
normal lock. We have added modern login [10] "Ditch the keys: it's time to get a smart lock". Popular
features such as phone, fingerprint, keypad, and Mechanics. 26 November 2013. Archived from the
card. On the security front, we have added a original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 15 June
camera and motion sensor so that we get higher 2016.
security. The benefits were easy and fast use. [11] "Kisi And KeyMe, two smart phone apps, might make
house keys obsolete". The Huffington Post. Archived
High security that protects our privacy and our from the original on 11 March 2015. Retrieved 9 June
property. It is expected in the future that these 2015.
products will be relied on because they replace [12] Kurutz, Steven. "Losing The Key". The New York
the existing one and their features are much better Times. The New York Times. Archived from the
and can be manufactured. I expect that they will original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
[13] "Battery-Free Smart Lock" at:
be popular among people. In the near future. [Link]
[Link]/resource/resmgr/files/member_docum
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