ETHICS

1. The word Philosophy comes from the Greek words which means_______.
A. Wisdom of love C. Knowledge of wisdom
B. Love of wisdom D. Wonder and wisdom
2. According to Aristotle, philosophy begins with________.
A. Knowledge C. Wonder
B. Answers D. Wisdom
3. The task of philosophy is ______.
A. to make the wonder that have works in everyday life.
B. to make us wise in our everyday life.
C. To make us knowledgeable
D. None of the above.
4. Ethics comes from what Greek word which means________.
A. Moralitas – morals C. Ethos -way of behaving/character
B. Ethicus – ethics D. All of the above
5. What is the corresponding Latin word for the word ethics?
A. Moralitas C. Ethicus
B. Morals D. None of the above
6. It is a study of morality which reports how people, particularly groups, make their moral valuations without
making any judgment either for or against these valuations.
A. Descriptive C. Meta-ethics
B. Virtue ethics D. Normative
7. Which of the following is a characteristic of ethics in relation to law?
A. Created with an intent to maintain social order and peace in the society and provide protection to all the
citizens.
B. Made to help people to decide what is right or wrong and how to act.
C. Its violation is not permissible which may result in punishment like imprisonment or fine or both.
D. It refers to a systematic body of rules that governs the whole society and the actions of its individual
members.
8. Ethics involves making judgment about________.
A. What is invisible or visible C. What is personal or social
B. What is just or unjust D. What is right or wrong
9. What is the most important question in ethics (and philosophy)?
A. Where? C. Who?
B. When? D. Why?
10. Instead of eating meat, we have a moral obligation to become vegetarians because animals are sentient beings,
and we ought not to inflict pain and suffering on them. In ethics, defending your stand or choice is known
as________.
A. Simplification C. Justification
B. Moralization D. Rationalization
11. Which of the following is held by Socrates when it comes to ethics and its relationship to the gods or religion?
A. Something is right in itself and that is why God commanded it.
 B. It is good or holy only because it is loved by God.
C. Our conviction about God, His nature and the demands He makes on us daily, surely determines our attitudes
and relationships towards other fellow humans.
D. Religious reasons are perfectly good reasons for deciding how one will conduct one’s own life.
12. Who is the father of Ethics?
A. Aristotle C. Socrates
B. Plato D. Jeremy Bentham
13. In Plato’s The Myth of Gyges, one’s power of invisibility is a safe way to acts of _______.
A. indecency C. justice
B. injustice D. love
14. To be ethical is doing justice to oneself. It follows that being ethical is basically love of _____.
A. others C. self
B. God D. moral laws
15. It is a doctrine of self-interest without regard for others.
A. treachery C. hatred
B. greed D. selfishness
16. It asserts that we are always deep down motivated by what we perceive to be in our own self- interest.
A. Psychological Egoism C. Cultural Relativism
B. Utilitarianism D. Ethical Egoism
17. It contends that the individual is the sole determinant of what is morally good or bad, right or wrong.
A. ethical subjectivism C. idealism
B. altruism D. ethical egoism
18. In contrast to psychological egoism, ethical egoism is the moral doctrine that everyone ought to act to promote
his or her own interests exclusively. It follows that ethical egoism emphasizes on.
A. how people think C. how people reason out

1. how people actually behave

2. C. how people reason out
3. D. how people should behav
B. how people actually behave D. how people should behave
19. Which of the following is against or proof that psychological egoism is not true?
A. A person who is set ablaze by his consuming love for money.
B. A soldier who hurls himself on top of a grenade (thereby guaranteeing his own death) to prevent the deaths
of his fellow soldiers.
C. He who controls the media controls the masses.
D. People who once they identify where the problem lies, they join the problem instead of solving it.
20. According to Socrates in Plato’s Republic, where does the good human life stem from?
A. proper order of the parts of the soul
B. actions that benefit others
C. proper order and harmony of the parts of the soul
 D. action which seeks to avoid punishment
21. Ethics, as a branch of philosophy is the study of________.
A. Morality C. Acceptable/unacceptable actions
B. Right and wrong D. All of the above
22. An area of ethics that study the morality of a person, group of people, and society’s morality.
A. Applied C. Normative
B. Descriptive D. Meta-ethics
23. An area of ethics that deals with the nature and meaning of ethical terms.
A. Applied C. Normative
B. Descriptive D. Meta-ethics
24. An area of ethics that provides norms, principles, and moral standards on how we “ought” to live.
A. Applied C. Normative
B. Descriptive D. Meta-ethics
25. An application of ethics into a particular issue or concern is part of_____.
A. Applied C. Normative
B. Descriptive D. Meta-ethics
26. Whether an action is right or wrong depends on the moral norms of the society in which it is practiced. This is
otherwise known as________.
A. Cultural Absolutism C. Cultural Relativism
B. Ethical Idealism D. Virtue Ethics
27. Which of the following is held by cultural relativists?
A. They believe that what is good and what is bad are understood in the same way in all societies.
B. They believe that morality is uniform in every society.
C. They see universal morals that apply to all regardless of culture.
D. They see other cultures, not as "wrong," but as "different."
28. Which of the following moral facts goes against or questions cultural relativism?
A. Communal relationships as an essential part of our moral growth and flourishing.
B. Some values are shared by all cultures.
C. Virtues are cultivated by habit.
D. All persons have a sense of community.
29. In which of the following is ethics primarily needed or relevant?
A. What is good and bad in life are often complicated by our personal circumstances.
B. Man is religious for self-development and betterment.
C. Our effort at addressing questions in life that only God can provide an answer.
D. All actions may be required or permissible for me in virtue of my own interests.
30. Which of the following is a basis why reason is important in ethics?
A. Feelings are the main grounds in ethics.
B. Objective, normative ethical philosophy on a foundation of subjective intuition is impossible.
C. Values are not sensible things like animals, trees, and spoons.
D. Jones is a bad man, and there is no way we can prove or disprove it.
31. In which of the following is man’s ethos (morality) revealed?
 A. Man has no power to manage his/her animalistic tendencies.
B. Humans uniquely use systems of symbolic communication such as language and art to express themselves.
C. Humans are omnivorous, capable of consuming a wide variety of plant and animal material.
D. She/he is able to distinguish between good and evil, right and wrong, moral and immoral.
32. Conscience is from the Latin “conscientia” meaning _______.
A. consciousness C. individual person
B. trial of oneself D. individual self
33. According to the natural law, killing a human being is immoral. But according to Mayor Matapang, killing a
criminal is justified. In this case Mayor Matapang’s conscience is _____. A. Doubtful
C. erroneous
B. True D. scrupulous
34. Stealing is morally bad. But Berto who is in great need steals the money of his employer impelled by an
impulse of “bahala na.” In this case Berto’s conscience is__________.
A. lax C. scrupulous
B. doubtful D. erroneous
35. Mayor Magiting ordered the immediate closure of several stores that sell pornographic materials and a theater
that shows pornographic films. Thinking that pornography is morally evil, Mayor Magiting’s conscience is
__________.
A. certain C. scrupulous
B. lax D. correct or true
36. Which of the following is a social concern of ethics?
A. corruption C. forest fires
B. motivation D. animal rights
37. Which of the following is an environmental concern of ethics?
A. corruption C. motivation
B. deforestation D. poverty
38. The moral behavior of individuals belonging to cultured societies is markedly different from that of
individuals belonging to uncivilized societies. From this, we can infer that _______.
A. Culture influences ethics C. Culture shapes the morality of a person
B. Culture is in conflict with ethics D. Culture is a part ethics
39. The implementors of moral concepts.
A. moral values C. moral patients
B. moral dilemmas D. moral agents
40. All moral persons are moral patients or ________.
A. recipients’ C. volunteers
B. participants’ D. agents
41. Who one is or who I am is a product of many forces and events that happened outside one’s choosing. We are
affected in an interpersonal way. Which of the following is its example?
A. physical events or physical attributes, genes, or nationality.
B. cultural beliefs, customs, and societal practices that we do not choose.
C. parents, relatives, peers, classmates, or workmates
D. one’s history or our history as Filipinos
42. We are also affected in a societal way. Which of the following is a societal cross-point?
A. parents, relatives, peers, classmates, or workmates
B. one’s history or our history as Filipinos
C. physical events or physical attributes, genes, or nationality
 D. cultural beliefs, customs, and societal practices that we do not choose
43. The child assumes that powerful authorities hand down a fixed set of rules which he or she must
unquestioningly obey. What stage of moral development is this according to Lawrence Kohlberg?
A. maintaining the social order C. obedience and punishment
B. individual interests like rewards and favors D. universal principles
44. We are likewise affected in a physical way. Which of the following is a physical cross-point? A. one’s history
or our history as Filipinos
B. the genetic material of our parents and environmental factors
C. parents, relatives, peers, classmates, or workmates
D. cultural beliefs, customs, and societal practices that we do not choose
45. We obey laws as respect for authority and for peace and order.
A. obedience and punishment C. individual interests like rewards and favors
B. maintaining the social order D. universal principles
46. Heinz should steal the drug, because saving a human life is a more fundamental value than the property rights
of another person.
A. universal principles C. obedience and punishment
B. maintaining the social order D. individual interests like rewards and favors
47. Why we should live a moral life and be responsible for others?
A. Because we are social beings. C. Because we are isolated human beings.
B. Because we are human beings. D. Because we are spiritual beings
48. The power of the soul by which a human being is in control of his actions. B
A. knowledge C. will
B. intellect D. imagination
49. Which of the following is a fundamental tenet or doctrine of utilitarianism?
A. All humans by nature ask questions about their existence.
B. All humans try their best to minimize pleasure and seek challenges.
C. Reason alone is the criterion by which we judge who ought to have rights.
D. All humans by nature seek to attain pleasure and avoid pain
50. What are the two sovereign masters under which mankind is governed according to the utilitarians?
A. profit and progress C. gain and set backs
B. pleasure and work D. pain and pleasure
51. It refers to the motivation of our actions as guided by our avoidance of pain and our desire for
pleasure.
A. Principle of Happiness C. Principle of Harm Avoidance
B. Principle of Utility D. Principle of Responsibility
52. In clarifying the terms “ethics” and “morals” it says that______.
A. Morals are personal and societal belief of right and wrong and ethics is a discipline that study the morality
of the people.
B. Morals is a discipline in philosophy and ethics is the belief of the people in general.
C. Morals and ethics are discipline in philosophy.
D. None of the above
53. In clarifying between the terms “descriptive” and “normative”, we realized that ethical study is ______.
A. A normative study C. A societal study
B. A descriptive study alone D. All of the above
54. What moral valuation belongs in the discussion of ethics?
A. Situations based on personal preferences
B. When there is a matter of life and death?
C. When situations affect the well-being of the people.
D. B and C
55. What statement below belongs in the discussion of ethics?
A. The movie entitled Barcelona is bad while Spiderman is good.
B. You baked the cake in a good way while your brother did it badly.
C. A person steals goods from the department store.
D. Tanya wears her sando at home
56. A person who is confronted with an issue that needs an action to perform.
A. Decision C. Judgment
B. Issue D. Dilemma
57. An observer who assist a situation or an issue.
A. Decision B. Issue C. Judgment D. Dilemma
58. When a situation calls for possible debate, then it is ______.
A. decision B. issue C. judgment D. dilemma
59. It is a situation where one is force to choose between two conflicting options. Decision ____
A. Issue B. Judgment C. Dilemma D. Decision
60. Ethical reason should be based on________.
A. reward and punishment C. Personal preferences
B. moral standards, norms, and principles. D. Laws and policies
61. Ethics is a science of _______.
A. Beauty ` C. Conduct
B. Truth D. Mind
62. The word “ethics” is derived the Greek word ________.
A. ethos C. ethees
B. ethies D. ethise
63. Ethics is neither a practical science nor an art. This assertion is ________.
A. wrong C. neither right nor wrong
B. correct D. none of these
64. Ethics determines the rightness and wrongness of _______.
A. human actions C. human judgements
B. human thought D. none of these
65. When we say that conduct is right, we mean primarily that ______.
A. it is according to the truth C. it is according to the law
B. it is according to the rule D. None of these
66. Positive science deals with judgment of facts while ethics is concerned with judgment of __.
A. beauty C. thought
B. truth D. value
67. Ethics deals with the standard to describe ________.
A. good and evil C. right and good
B. true or false D. all of these
68. Ethics investigates the nature of its fundamental notions like right, duty and ______.
A. beauty C. thought
B. good D. none of these
69. The laws of ethics can be violated but cannot be _______.
A. changed C. explained
B. obliged D. described
70. According to F.H. Bradley, a performance of duties to one’s station will leads to ______.
A. perfection C. pleasure
B. happiness D. self-realization
71. The sacredness of life should be recognized in ______.
A. right to live C. right to property
B. right to freedom D. right to education
72. “Though shall not kill” is the maxim related with ______.
A. respect for life C. respect to property
B. respect for freedom D. respect for truth
73. We shall keep our promises and fulfil our contracts is related with _______.
A. respect for life C. respect to property
B. respect for freedom D. respect for truth
74. We should maintain the social system to which we belong. We should not revolt against the State and produce
chaos is related with ________.
A. respect for life C. respect to property
B. respect for freedom D. respect for society
75. “Virtue is the permanent state of mind” Who hols this position?
A. Immanuel Kant C. Aristotle
B. Socrates D. F.H. Bradley
76. “Virtue is knowledge” Who hols this position?
A. Immanuel Kant C. Aristotle
B. Socrates D. F.H. Bradley
77. “Virtue is the habit of choosing the relative mean” Who hold this view?
A. Immanuel Kant C. Aristotle
B. Socrates D. F.H. Bradley
78. According to Herbert Spencer, self-preservation and race-preservation are the ultimate ends of ______.
A. Natural Evolution C. Biological Evolution
B. Sociological Evolution D. Political Evolution
79. “Freewill is implied by morality” Who argues this?
A. Immanuel Kant C. Aristotle
B. Socrates D. F.H. Bradley
80. What does “ethos” mean?
 A. conduct C. character
B. manner D. good
81. These are situation in which an individual has a choice to be made between two options, neither of which
resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable fashion.
A. Personal Dilemma C. Systematic Dilemma
B. Organizational Dilemma D. None of the Above
82. This refers to the conformity and compliance of each member to the expected code of conduct to be
manifested in the agency/workplace.
A. Personal Dilemma C. Systematic Dilemma
B. Organizational Dilemma D. None of the Above
83. The principals and standards by which businesses operate, according to reference or business and best
demonstrated through acts of fairness, compassion, integrity, honor and responsibility.
A. Personal Dilemma C. Systematic Dilemma
B. Organizational Dilemma D. None of the Above
84. What are the factor that affects ethical and unethical behaviour?
A. Ethical dilemma C. Teamwork
B. Diversity D. Open communication
85. The following are major types of ethical issues EXCEPT
A. Communication issues C. Corporate issues
B. Systematic issues D. Individual issues
86. This action ‘tends to bring about what is good” referred to as _______.
A. bad B. right C. wrong D. legal
87. Ethics deals with the “____________ of human beings living in societies.”
A. conduct B. duties C. rights D. desire
88. If human actions are completely determined by _________, it is not free will.
A. reason C. circumstances
B. moral imperative D. All of the Above
89. Why be moral?" is a meta-ethical question rather than an ethical question in so far as it is concerned with:
A. why someone would want to have a balanced personality or be a superior individual.
B. non-moral reasons for why someone should be moral.
C. how it is morally wrong for someone to be immoral.
D. what makes actions moral or immoral, right or wrong.
90. Ethical judgments are usually distinguished from judgments of personal preference, taste, or prejudice by
means of showing that ethical judgments:
A. can be explained in terms of the particular customs or practices of a group or culture.
B. are intended primarily to rationalize already accepted practices in a society.
C. serve only as ideals and cannot be the bases upon which people live daily.
D. need to be supported by reasons that should be universally intelligible or acceptable.
91. It is the discipline in philosophy which posits the question: What is good and what is bad? Or what is right
action or wrong?
A. Speculative Philosophy C. Practical Philosophy
B. Normative Philosophy D. Critical Philosophy
92. It is the discipline in philosophy which posits the question: What is truth?
A. Speculative Philosophy C. Practical Philosophy
B. Normative Philosophy D. Critical Philosophy
93. It is the discipline in philosophy which posits the question: What is nature of reality?
A. Speculative Philosophy C. Practical Philosophy
B. Normative Philosophy D. Critical Philosophy
94. It is a discipline in philosophy which reflects upon truth in relation to action.
A. Speculative Philosophy C. Practical Philosophy
B. Normative Philosophy D. Critical Philosophy
95. It refers to a level of equality of attainment of an idea or thing used as a measure, norm or model in
comparative evaluation.
A. Conduct C. Desire
B. Right D. Standard
96. This is concerned with or relating to human behaviors, especially the distinction between good and bad (right
and wrong) behaviors.
A. Moral Standards C. Moral Dilemma
B. Non-Moral Standards D. Non-Moral Dilemma
97. It is defined as any situation in which the person making the decision experiences a conflict between the
moral rightness of a decision and the quality of the results it produces.
A. Moral Standards C. Moral Dilemma
B. Non-Moral Standards D. Non-Moral Dilemma
98. It refer to rules that are unrelated to moral or ethical considerations.
A. Moral Standards C. Moral Dilemma
B. Non-Moral Standards D. Non-Moral Dilemma
99. It refers to humans’ greatest quality and it is a reflection of our creator, power rooted in reason and will, to
act or not to act, to do this or that and so to perform deliberate actions on one’s own responsibility.
A. Right C. Freedom
B. Conduct D. Desire
[Link] is a difficult situation in which an individual is confronted to choose between two or more alternative
actions to resolve the problem.
A. Standard C. Freedom
B. Dilemma D. Desire