Chapter 4

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Exercise 4.1

1. Find the principal value of the following :

3
(i) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (−√ )
2
N AT IS 2𝜋
(ii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 )
3

C N
PY
O C D
√3−1
(iii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (
O IO
)
D U AA

2√2

(iv) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (
√3+1
O)
ED PR

2√2
3𝜋
(v) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (cos )
T

4
©

5𝜋
(vi) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (tan )
4

Solution:

3
(i) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (−√ )
2

3
Let 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (−√ ) = 𝑦
2

3
Then siny = (−√ )
2
 𝜋
= -sin ( )
3
𝜋
= sin (− )
3
−𝜋 𝜋
We know that the principal value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 is [ , ]
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
And − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = sin (− )
3 3

3 −𝜋
There fore principal value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (−√ ) =
2 3

N AT IS 2𝜋
(ii) Let 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (cos )=𝑦

C N
3

PY
O C D
2𝜋
O IO
Then siny = cos ( )
D U AA

= − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( +
𝜋
2
O 𝜋
6
)
ED PR

𝜋
= − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
T

6
©

−𝜋 𝜋
We know that the principal value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 [ , ]
2 2
𝜋 2𝜋
And -𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )
6 3
2𝜋 −𝜋
There fore principal value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (cos ) 𝑖𝑠 .
3 6

(ii) Given functions can be written as

√3−1 √3 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( − )
2 √2 2√2 2√2
1
Taking as common from the above equation we get,
√2
 √3 1 1 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( × − × )
2 √2 2 √2

√3 1
Taking as common, and from the above equation we get,
2 √2

2 2
√3 1 1 √3
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1
( × √1 − ( ) − × √1 − ( ) )
2 √2 √2 2

On simplifying, we get
√3 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (
N AT IS ) - 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
2 √2

C N
PY
O C D
By substituting the values,
O IO
D U AA

𝜋 𝜋
= −
3 4
O
Taking LCM and cross multiplying we get,
ED PR

𝜋
=
T

12
©

(iv) The given question can be written as

√3 +1 √3 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( + )
2 √2 2 √2 2 √2
 1
Taking as common from the above equation we get
√2

√3 1 1 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( × + × )
2 √2 2 √2

√3+1 √3 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( + )
2√2 2√2 2√2

1
Taking as common from the above equation we get
√2

√3 1 1 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( × + × )
2 √2 2 √2

Taking
N AT IS
√3
as common, and
1
from the above equation we get,
2 √2

C N
PY
O C D
2 2
O IO
√3 1 1 √3
−1
× √1 − ( ) × √1 − ( )
D U AA

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( + )
2 √2 √2 2

O
On simplyfying we get,
ED PR

√3 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
T

2 √2
©

By substituting the corresponding values we get

𝜋 𝜋
= +
3 4
7𝜋
=
12

(v) Let
3𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 )=𝑦
4

Then above equation can be written as

3𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
sin 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜋 − )= - 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
4 4 4
 −𝜋 𝜋
we know that the principal value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑖𝑠 [ , ]
2 2

Therefore above equation becomes,

𝜋 3𝜋
-𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) = cos
4 4
3𝜋 −𝜋
Therefore the principal value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 ) is
4 4

(v) Let
N AT IS
𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (tan
5𝜋
)
4

C N
PY
O C D
Therefore above equation can be written as
O IO
D U AA

5𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦 = (tan ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝜋 + ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 1 = sin ( )
4
O 4 4
−𝜋 𝜋
2
ED PR

we know that the principal value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 is [ , ]

2 2
T

𝜋 5𝜋
Sin ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
2 4
©

5𝜋 𝜋
Therefore the principal value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (tan ) is .
4 2

𝟏 𝟏
2. (i) 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 − 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏
𝟐 √𝟐
√𝟑
(ii) 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 {𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 )}
𝟐
Solution;

(i) The given question can be written as,

 1 1 1 1 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 −2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (2 × √1 − ( 1 ) )
2 √2 2 √2 √2

On simplifying, we get
1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 - 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1)
2
By substituting the corresponding values, we get
𝜋 𝜋
= −
6 2
𝜋
=-
3 N AT IS
C N
PY
(ii) Given question can be written as
O C D
O IO
D U AA

√3 𝜋
We know that (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ) =

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 {𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )}
O 𝜋
2 3
ED PR

3
Now substituting the values we get,
T

1
©

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 { }
2
𝜋
=
6
 Exercise 4.2

1. Find the domain of defination of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒)

Solution;
Given 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑥 2 − 4)
we know that the domain of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑥 2 − 4) lies in the interval [-1,1]
therefore, we can write as
N AT IS
−1 ≤ 𝑥 2 − 4 ≤ 1

C N
PY
4 − 1 ≤ 𝑥2 ≤ 1 + 4
O C D
O IO
3 ≤ 𝑥2 ≤ 5
D U AA

±√3 ≤ 𝑥 ± √5 O
ED PR

- √5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ −√3 and √3 ≤ x ≤ √5
T

Therefore domain of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑥 2 − 4) is [−√5 , −√3] ∪ [√3 , √5]

©

2. Find the domain of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙.

Solution:
Given that 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 2𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥.
Now we have to find the domain of 𝑓 (𝑥 ).
We know that domain of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 lies in the interval [-1, 1]
Also know that domain of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 lies in the interval [-1, 1]
Therefore, the domain of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (2𝑥 ) lies in the interval [-1, 1]
Hence we can write as,
−1 ≤ 2𝑥 ≤ 1
−1 1
≤𝑥 ≤
2 2
−1 1
Hence, domain of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (2𝑥 ) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 lies in the interval [ , ]
2 2

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©
 Exercise 4.3

1. Find the principal value of each of the following :

1
(i) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
√3
−1
(ii) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
√3
𝜋
(iii) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (cos ( ))
2

2𝜋
(iv) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ))
3
N AT IS
C N
Solution:

PY
O C D
O IO
1
(i) Given 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
D U AA

√3

O
We know that for any 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 represents an angle in (
−𝜋 𝜋
, )
ED PR

2 2
whose tangent is x.
T

1 −𝜋 𝜋 1
so, 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = an angle in ( , ) whose tangent is ( )
©

√3 2 2 √3
𝜋
But we know that the value is equal to
6
1 𝜋
Therefore 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) =
√3 6
1 𝜋
Hence the principal value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) =
√3 6
 1
(ii) Given 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
√3
−𝜋 𝜋
We know that for any 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 represents an angle in ( , )
2 2
whose tangent is x.
−1 −𝜋 𝜋 1
So, 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = an angle in ( , ) whose tangent is ( )
√3 2 2 √3
−𝜋
But we know that the value is equal to
6
−1 −𝜋
Therefore 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) =
√3 6
−1 −𝜋
Hence the principal value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) =
N AT IS .
√3 6

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
𝜋
(iii) Given that 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ))
D U AA

O
But we know that cos ( ) = 0
𝜋
ED PR

2
−𝜋 𝜋
T

We know that for any 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 represents an angle in ( , )

2 2
©

whose tangent is x.
Therefore 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (0) = 0
𝜋
Hence the principal value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )) is 0.
2

2𝜋
(iv) Given that 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (2 cos ( ))
3
𝜋 1
But we know that 𝑐𝑜𝑠 =
3 2
2𝜋 −1
So, cos ( ) =
3 2
 2𝜋 −1
Therefore 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (2 cos ( ) ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (2 × )
3 2

= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (−1)
−𝜋
=
4
2𝜋 −𝜋
Hence, the principal value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )) is .
3 4

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©
 Exercise 4.4

1. Find the principal value of each of the following :

(i) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (−√2)
(ii) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (2)
3𝜋
(iii) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (2 sin ( ))
4
3𝜋
(iv) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (2 tan ( ))
4
N AT IS
Solution:

C N
PY
O C D

(i) Given 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (−√2)

O IO
D U AA

O
Now let y = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (−√2)
ED PR

Sec y = −√2
T

𝜋
we know that sec = √2
4
©

𝜋
Therefore, - sec ( ) = −√2
4
𝜋
= sec (𝜋 − )
4
3𝜋
= sec ( )
4
𝜋
Thus the range of principal value of 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 is [0, 𝜋] - { }
2
3𝜋
And sec ( ) = - √2
4
3𝜋
Hence the principal value of 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (− √2) is .
4
(ii) Given 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ( 2 )
Let 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ( 2 )
𝑆𝑒𝑐 𝑦 = 2
𝜋
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐
3
𝜋 𝜋
Therefore the range of principal value of 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 is [0, 𝜋] - { } and sec
2 3
=2
𝜋
Thus the principal value of 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (2)𝑖𝑠
3
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
3𝜋
(iii) Given 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (2 sin ( ))
O IO
D U AA

O
But we know that sin ( ) =
3𝜋
4 √2
1
ED PR

3𝜋 1
Therefore 2 sin ( ) = 2 ×
T

4 √2
©

3𝜋
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) = √2
4
3𝜋
Therefore by substituting above values in 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (2 sin ( )), we get
4

𝑆𝑒𝑐 −1 (√2)

Let 𝑆𝑒𝑐 −1 (√2) = y

sec 𝑦 = √2
𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ) = √2
4
𝜋 𝜋
Therefore range of principal value of 𝑆𝑒𝑐 −1 is [0, 𝜋] -{ } and sec { }
2 4
= √2
 3𝜋 𝜋
Thus the principal value of 𝑆𝑒𝑐 −1 (2 sin ( )) is .
4 4

3𝜋
(iv) Given 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (2 tan ( ))
4
3𝜋
But we know that tan ( ) = -1
4
3𝜋
Therefore, 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) = 2 × −1
4
3𝜋
2𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) = −2
N AT IS
4

3𝜋

C N
By substituting these values in 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ( 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )), we get

PY
O C D
4
O IO
D U AA

𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (−2)
O
Now let y = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (−2)
ED PR

𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑦 = −2
T

𝜋
−𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ) = -2
©

3
𝜋
= sec (𝜋 − )
3
2𝜋
= sec ( )
3
−𝜋
Therefore the range of principal value of 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 is [0, 𝜋] - { } and sec
2
2𝜋
( ) = -2
3

3𝜋 2𝜋
Thus the principal value of 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ( 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )) is ( ).
4 3
 Exercise 4.5

1. Find the principal values of each of the following :

(i) 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (−√2)
(ii) 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (−2)
2
(iii) 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ( )
√3

2𝜋
(iv) 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ))
3

Solution:
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
(i) Given 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (−√2)
O IO
D U AA

Let 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (−√2)

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑦 = −√2
O
ED PR

-𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑦 = √2
T
©

𝜋
-𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ) = √2
4
𝜋 −𝜋
−𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ) = cosec ( ) [Since - 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 (−𝜃 )]
4 4
−𝜋
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ) = −√2
4
−𝜋
Therefore the principal value of 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (−√2) is .
4
(ii) Given 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (−2)
Let y = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (−2)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑦 = −2
-𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑦 = 2
𝜋
-𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ) = 2
6
𝜋 −𝜋
-𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( )
6 6

[𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 (−𝜃 )]

−𝜋 𝜋
The range of principal value of 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 [ , ] − {0}𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐
N AT IS 2 2

C N
PY
−𝜋
O C D
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ) = -2
6
O IO
D U AA

−𝜋
Therefore the principal value of 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (-2) is
O 6
.
ED PR

2
T

(iii) Given 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ( )

√3
©

2
Let y = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ( )
√3
2
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑦 = ( )
√3
𝜋 2
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ) = ( )
3 √3
−𝜋 𝜋
Therefore range of principal value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 is [ , ] –{0} and cosec
2 2
𝜋 2
( )= ( )
3 √3
2 𝜋
Thus, the principal value of 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ( ) is .
√3 3
 2𝜋
(iv) Given 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ))
3

2𝜋 1
But we know that cos ( ) = -
3 2
2𝜋 1
Therefore 2 cos ( ) = 2 ×-
3 2
2𝜋
2𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) = -1
3
2𝜋
By substituting these values in 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (2 cos ( )) we get,
3

𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (−1)
Let y = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (−1)
N AT IS
C N
PY
- Cosec y = 1
O C D
O IO
𝜋 −𝜋
D U AA

- 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ) = cosec ( ) [ since – cosecθ = cosec (−𝜃)]

2
O 2

The range of principal value of 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 [

−𝜋 𝜋
, ] and cosec (
−𝜋
) = -1
ED PR

2 2 2
−𝜋
T

Cosec ( ) = −1
2
©

2𝜋 −𝜋
Therefore the principal value of 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (2 cos ( )) is .
3 2
 Exercise 4.6

1. Find the principal values of each of the following:

(i) 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 (−√3)

(ii) 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 (√3)

−1
(iii) 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 ( )
√3
3𝜋
(iv) 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )
N AT IS4

Solution:

C N
PY
O C D
(i) Given 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 (−√3)
O IO
D U AA

Let y = 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 (−√3)

𝜋 O
ED PR

-Cot ( ) = √3
6
T
𝜋
= Cot (𝜋 − )
6
©

5𝜋
= 𝐶𝑜𝑡 ( )
6
5𝜋
The range of principal value of 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 is (0, 𝜋) and 𝑐𝑜𝑡 ( ) = -√3
6
5𝜋
Thus, the principal value of 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 (-√3) is
6

(ii) Given 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 (√3)

Let y = 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 (√3)

𝜋
Cot ( ) = √3
6
The range of principal value of 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 is (0, 𝜋) and
𝜋
Thus, the principal value of 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 (√3) is
6

−1
(iii) Given 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 ( )
√3
−1
Let y = 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 ( )
√3
−1
𝐶𝑜𝑡 𝑦 = ( )
√3
𝜋 1
-Cot ( ) =
3 √3
N AT IS
𝜋

C N
= 𝐶𝑜𝑡 (𝜋 − )

PY
O C D
3
O IO
D U AA

2𝜋
= 𝐶𝑜𝑡 ( )
3
O
The range of principal value of 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 (0, 𝜋) and cot ( ) =
2𝜋 −1
ED PR

3 √3
T

−1 2𝜋
Therefore the principal value of 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 ( ) is .
√3 3
©

3𝜋
(iv) Given 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 (tan )
4
3𝜋
But we know that tan = −1
4
3𝜋
By substituting this value in 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 (tan ) we get
4

𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 (−1)
Now, let y = 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 (−1)
Cot y = (-1)
 𝜋
-𝐶𝑜𝑡 ( ) = 1
4
𝜋
= 𝐶𝑜𝑡 (𝜋 − )
4
3𝜋
= cot ( )
4
3𝜋
the range of principal value of 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 ( 0, 𝜋) , and cot ( ) = -1
4
3𝜋 3𝜋
Therefore the principal value of 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) is
4 4

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©
 Exercise 4.7

1. Evaluate each of the following:

𝜋
(i) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin )
6
7𝜋
(ii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin )
6
5𝜋
(iii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin )
6
13𝜋
(iv) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin )
7
N AT IS
17𝜋
(v) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 )

C N
PY
O C D
8
O IO
17𝜋
D U AA

(vi) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 {(sin − )}

8
O
(vii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin 3)
ED PR

(viii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin 4)

T

(ix) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin 12)

©

(x) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin 2)

Solution:

𝜋
(i) Given 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin )
6
𝜋 1
We know that the value of sin is
6 2
𝜋
By substituting this value in 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin )
6
1
We get, 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
2
 1
Now let y = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
2
𝜋 1
sin =
6 2
−𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 1
The range of principal value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( , ) and sin ( ) =
2 2 6 2
𝜋 𝜋
Therefore 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin ) =
6 6

7𝜋
(ii) Given 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin )
6
7𝜋 1
But we know that sin =-
N AT IS 6 2

C N
PY
7𝜋
By substituting this in 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin
O C D
) we get,
6
O IO
D U AA

1
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (− )
2
O
ED PR

1
Now let y = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (− )
2
T

1
-Sin y =
©

2
𝜋 1
−𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( ) =
6 2
𝜋 −𝜋
−𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
6 6
−𝜋 𝜋 −𝜋 −1
The range of principal value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( , ) and sin ( )=
2 2 6 2
7𝜋 −𝜋
Therefore 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin )=
6 6
 5𝜋
(iii) Given 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin )
6
5𝜋 1
We know that the value of sin is
6 2
5𝜋
By substituting this value in 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin )
6
1
we get, 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
2
1
Now let y = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
2
𝜋 1
Sin ( ) =
6 2
N AT IS
The range of principal value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (
−𝜋 𝜋
, ) and sin ( ) =
𝜋 1
2 2 6 2

C N
PY
O C D
5𝜋 𝜋
Therefore 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin )=
O IO
D U AA

6 6

O
ED PR

13𝜋
(iv) Given 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin )
7
T

𝜋
Given question can be written as sin (2𝜋 − )
©

7
𝜋 𝜋
Sin (2𝜋 − ) can be written as sin (− ) [Since sin (2𝜋 − 𝜃 ) =
7 7
𝑠𝑖𝑛(−𝜃 )]
13𝜋 𝜋
By substituting these values in 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin ) we get 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin − )
7 7
𝜋 𝜋
As 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) = 𝑥 with 𝑥 ∈ [− , ]
2 2
13𝜋 𝜋
Therefore 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin )=−
7 7
 17𝜋
(v) Given 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin )
8
𝜋
Given question can be written as sin (2𝜋 + )
8
𝜋 𝜋
Sin (2𝜋 + ) can be written as sin ( )
8 8
17𝜋 𝜋
By substituting these values in 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin ) we get 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin )
8 8
−𝜋 𝜋
As 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) = 𝑥 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑥 ∈ [ , ]
2 2
17𝜋 𝜋
Therefore 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin )=
8 8
N AT IS
C N
PY
−17𝜋
O C D
(vi) Given 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 {(𝑠𝑖𝑛 )}
8
O IO
D U AA

But we know that - 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = sin(−𝜃)

O −17𝜋 17𝜋
ED PR

Therefore (𝑠𝑖𝑛 ) = -𝑠𝑖𝑛

8 8
T

17𝜋 𝜋
-𝑠𝑖𝑛 = -𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝜋 + ) [since sin (2𝜋 − 𝜃 ) = -sin (θ)]
8 8
©

𝜋
it can also be written as - 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
8
𝜋 −𝜋
-Sin ( ) = sin ( ) [Since – sin 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(−𝜃 )]
8 8
17𝜋
By substituting these values in 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 {sin - ( )} we get,
8
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin − )
8
−𝜋 𝜋
As 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑥 ∈ [ , ]
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
Therefore 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin − ) = −
8 8
(vii) Given 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin 3)
−𝜋 𝜋
We know that 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) = 𝑥 with 𝑥 ∈ [ , ] which is
2 2
approximately equal to [−1.57, 1.57]
But here 𝑥 = 3, which does not lie on the above range,
Therefore we know that sin (𝜋 − 𝑥 ) = sin(𝑥 )
−𝜋 𝜋
Hence sin (𝜋 − 3) = sin (3) also 𝜋 − 3 ∈ [ , ]
2 2

𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( sin 3) = 𝜋 − 3
N AT IS
(viii) Given 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin 4)

C N
PY
O C D
−𝜋 𝜋
We know that 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) = 𝑥 with 𝑥 ∈ [ , ] which is
O IO
D U AA

2 2
approximately equal to [−1.57, 1.57]
O
But here 𝑥 = 4, which does not lie on the above range,
ED PR

Therefore we know that sin (𝜋 − 𝑥 ) = sin (x)

T

−𝜋 𝜋
©

Hence sin (𝜋 − 4) = sin (4) also 𝜋 − 4 ∈ [ , ]

2 2

𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( sin 4) = 𝜋 − 4

(ix) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( sin 12)

−𝜋 𝜋
We know that 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) = 𝑥 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑥 ∈ [ , ] which is
2 2
approximately equal to [-1.57, 1.57]
But here 𝑥 = 12, which does not lie on the above range.
Therefore we know that sin (2𝑛𝜋 − 𝑥 ) = sin (−𝑥 )
Hence sin(2𝑛𝜋 − 12) = sin (−12)
−𝜋 𝜋
Here 𝑛 = 2 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 12 − 4𝜋 ∈ [ , ]
2 2

𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin 12) = 12 − 4𝜋

(x) Given 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin 2)

−𝜋 𝜋
We know that 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) = x with x ∈ [ , ] which is
2 2
approximately equal to [−1.57, 1.57]
But here 𝑥 = 2, 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑒 on the above range,
N AT IS
Therefore we know that 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 − 𝑥 ) = sin (x)

C N
PY
O C D
−𝜋 𝜋
Hence sin (𝜋 − 2) = sin (2) also 𝜋 − 2 ∈ [ , ]
O IO
D U AA

2 2

O
𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 (sin 2) = 𝜋 − 2
ED PR

2. Evaluate each of the following:

©

−𝜋
(i) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 {𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )}
4
5𝜋
(ii) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos )
4
4𝜋
(iii) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos )
3
13𝜋
(iv) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos )
6

(v) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos 3)

(vi) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos 4)
(vii) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos 5)
(viii) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos 12)
Solution;
−𝜋
(i) Given 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 {𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )}
4
−𝜋 𝜋
we know that cos ( ) = cos ( ) [since cos (−𝜃 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
4 4
𝜋 1
Also know that cos( ) =
4 √2
−𝜋
By substituting these values in 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 {𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )} we get,
4
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )N AT IS
√2
1

C N
Now let y = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )

PY
O C D
√2
O IO
D U AA

1
Therefore cos y =
O √2
𝜋 1
ED PR

Hence range of principal value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 is [0, π] and 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) =

4 √2
T

−𝜋 𝜋
Therefore 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 {cos ( )} =
4 4
©

5𝜋
(ii) Given 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos )
4
5𝜋 −1
But we know that cos ( ) =
4 √2
5𝜋
By substituting these values in 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 {𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )} we get,
4
−1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
√2
−1
Now let y = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
√2
 −1
Therefore cosy =
√2
𝜋 1
- Cos ( ) =
4 √2
𝜋 −1
𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 − ) =
4 √2
3𝜋 −1
𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( ) =
4 √2
3𝜋 −1
Hence range of principal value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 is [0, 𝜋] and cos ( ) =
4 √2
5𝜋 3𝜋
Therefore 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 {𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )} =
N AT IS 4 4

C N
PY
O C D
4𝜋
(iii) Given 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 )
O IO
3
D U AA

4𝜋 −1
O
But we know that cos ( ) =
3 2
ED PR

4𝜋
By substituting these values in 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 {𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )} we get,
3
T

−1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
©

2
−1
Now let y = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
2
−1
Therefore cosy =
2
𝜋 1
-𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( ) =
3 2
𝜋 −1
𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 − ) =
3 2

2𝜋 −1
𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( ) =
3 2
 2𝜋 −1
Hence range of principal value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 is [0, π] and cos ( ) =
3 2
4𝜋 2𝜋
Therefore 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 {𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )} =
3 3

13𝜋
(iv) Given 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos )
6
13𝜋 √3
But we know that cos ( )=
6 2
13𝜋
By substituting these values in 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 {𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )} 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡,
6

√3
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
N AT IS
2

C N
PY
O C D
√3
Now let y = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
O IO
2
D U AA

Therefore cos y = O √3
2
ED PR

𝜋 √3
Cos ( ) =
T

6 2
©

𝜋 √3
Hence range of principal values of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 is [0, π] and cos( ) =
6 2
13𝜋 𝜋
Therefore 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 {cos ( )} =
6 6

(v) Given 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos 3)

We know that 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ) = 𝜃 if 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 𝜋
Therefore by applying this in given question we get,
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos 3) = 3, 3 ∈ [0, 𝜋]
(vi) Given 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos 4)
We have 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 if 𝑥 ∈ [0, 𝜋 ] ≈ [0, 3.14]
And here 𝑥 = 4 which does not lie in the above range.
We know that 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝜋 − 𝑥 ) = cos(𝑥)
Thus, cos (2𝜋 − 4) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(4) so 2𝜋 − 4 belongs in [0, 𝜋]
Hence 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos 4) = 2𝜋 − 4

(vii) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos 5)

We have 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos 𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ∈ [0, 𝜋] ≈ [0, 3.14]
N AT IS
C N
PY
And here 𝑥 = 5 which does not lie in the above range.
O C D
O IO
D U AA

We know that cos(2𝜋 − 𝑥 ) = cos(𝑥)

O
Thus, cos (2𝜋 − 5)= cos (5) so 2𝜋 − 5 belongs in [0, π]
ED PR

Hence 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos 5) = 2𝜋 − 5

T
©

(viii) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos 12)

We have 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos 𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ∈ [0, 𝜋] ≈ [0, 3.14]
And here 𝑥 = 12 which does not lie in the above range.
We know that cos(2𝑛𝜋 − 𝑥 ) = cos(𝑥)
Thus, cos (2𝑛𝜋 − 12)= cos (12)
Here n = 12,
Also 4𝜋 − 12 belongs in [0, π]
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (cos 12) = 4𝜋 − 12
3. Evaluate each of the following:

𝜋
(i) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )
3
6𝜋
(ii) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )
7
7𝜋
(iii) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )
6
9𝜋
(iv) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )
4

(v) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 𝑡𝑎𝑛 1)

N AT IS
(vi) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2)

C N
PY
O C D
(vii) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 𝑡𝑎𝑛 4)
O IO
D U AA

(viii) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 𝑡𝑎𝑛 12)

Solution; O
ED PR

𝜋
(i) Given 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )
T

3
©

𝜋 𝜋
As 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 ) = 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑋 ∈ [− , ]
2 2

By applying this condition in the given question we get,

𝜋 𝜋
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 ) =
3 3

6𝜋
(ii) Given 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )
7
6𝜋 𝜋
We know that 𝑡𝑎𝑛 can be written as (𝜋 − )
7 7
𝜋 𝜋
𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝜋 − ) = −𝑡𝑎𝑛
7 7
 −𝜋 𝜋
we know that 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 ) = 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ∈ [ , ]
2 2
6𝜋 𝜋
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tan ) =−
7 7

7𝜋
(iii) Given 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tan )
6
7𝜋 1
We know that tan =
6 √3
7𝜋
By substituting this value in 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tan ) we get,
6
1
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
√3
N AT IS
C N
PY
1
O C D
Now let 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑦
√3
O IO
D U AA

1
Tan y =
√3
O
ED PR

𝜋 1
Tan =
6 √3
T

−𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
The range of the principal value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑖𝑠 [ , ] and 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) =
©

2 2 6
1
√3
7𝜋 𝜋
Therefore 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tan )=
6 6

9𝜋
(iv) Given 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tan )
4
9𝜋
We know that 𝑡𝑎𝑛 =1
4
9𝜋
By substituting this value in 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tan ) we get,
4

𝑇𝑎𝑛−1 (1)
Now let 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1) = 𝑦
𝑇𝑎𝑛 𝑦 = 1
𝜋
𝑇𝑎𝑛 ( ) = 1
4
−𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
The range of the principal value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( , ) and tan ( ) = 1
2 2 4
9𝜋 𝜋
Therefore 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tan )=
4 4

(v) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( tan 1)

N AT IS
C N
PY
−𝜋 𝜋
O C D
But we have 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( tan x) = x if 𝑥 ∈ [ , ]
2 2
O IO
D U AA

By substituting this condition in given question

𝑇𝑎𝑛−1 (tan 1) = 1 O
ED PR

(vi) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 𝑡𝑎𝑛2)

©

−𝜋 𝜋
As 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tanx) = x is x ∈ [ , ]
2 2

But here 𝑥 = 2 which does not belongs to above range

We also have tan (𝜋 − 𝜃 ) = −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
Therefore 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝜃 − 𝜋) = tan(𝜃 )
𝑇𝑎𝑛 (2 − 𝜋) = tan(2)
Now 2 − 𝜋 is in the given range
Hence 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tan 2) = 2 − 𝜋
(vii) Given 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tan 4)
−𝜋 𝜋
As 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tanx) = x is x ∈ [ , ]
2 2

But here 𝑥 = 4 which does not belongs to above range

We also have tan (𝜋 − 𝜃 ) = −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
Therefore 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝜃 − 𝜋) = tan(𝜃 )
𝑇𝑎𝑛 (4 − 𝜋) = tan(4)
Now 4 − 𝜋 is in the given range
Hence 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tan 2) = 4 − 𝜋
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
(viii) Given 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tan 12)
D U AA

O
As 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tanx) = x is x ∈ [
−𝜋
,
𝜋
]
ED PR

2 2

But here 𝑥 = 12 which does not belongs to above range

T

We also have tan (2𝑛𝜋 − 𝜃 ) = −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

©

Therefore 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝜃 − 𝜋) = − tan(𝜃 )

𝑇𝑎𝑛 (𝜃 − 2𝑛𝜋) = tan(𝜃)
Here n = 2
𝑇𝑎𝑛 (12 − 4𝜋) = tan(12)
Now 12 − 4𝜋 is in the given range
∴ Hence 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tan 12) = 12 − 4𝜋.
 Exercise 4.8

1. Evaluate each of the following:

7
(i) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 )
25
5
(ii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 )
13
24
(iii) 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 )
N AT IS 7
17
(iv) 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑆𝑒𝑐 −1 )

C N
8

PY
O C D
8
O IO
(v) 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 )
D U AA

17

(vi) sec(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 O 12
13
)
ED PR

8
(vii) 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 )
T

17
©

3
(viii) 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 )
5
24
(ix) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 )
7

Solution;
7
(i) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 )
25
7
Now let y = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1
25
7 𝜋
Sin 𝑦 = where 𝑦 ∈ [0, ]
25 2
7
Substituting these values in sin (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ) we get
25
 7 7
Sin (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 )=
25 25

5
(ii) Given Sin (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 )
13
5
Let 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 =𝑦
13
5 𝜋
⇒ cos 𝑦 = where 𝑦 ∈ [0, ]
13 2

Now we have to find

5
𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦
13
N AT IS
We know that 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
By substituting this trigonometric identity we get
D U AA

O
⇒ sin 𝑦 = ±√1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑦
ED PR

𝜋
Where 𝑦 ∈ [0, ]
2
T

⇒ sin y = √1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑦
©

Now by substituting cosy value we get

5 2
⇒ sin 𝑦 = √1 − ( )
13

25
⇒ sin 𝑦 = √1 −
169

144
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = √
169

12
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 =
13
5
⇒ sin [𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )]
13
 12
=
13

𝟐𝟒
(iii) 𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐒𝐢𝐧 (𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 )
𝟕
24
Let tan−1 =𝑦
7
24 𝜋
⇒ tan 𝑦 = where 𝑦 ∈ [0, ]
7 2

Now we have to find

24
sin (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦
7
N AT IS
We know that 1 + 𝐶𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃

C N
PY
O C D

⇒ 1 + 𝐶𝑜𝑡 2 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
O IO
D U AA

O
Now Substituting this trignometric identity we get,
7 2
ED PR

⇒ 1 + ( ) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦
24
T

49 1
⇒ 1+ =
576 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑦
©

On rearranging we get,
576
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑦 =
625
24 𝜋
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = where 𝑦 ∈ [0, ]
25 2
24
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 )
7
24
=
25
 17
(iv) Given Sin (𝑆𝑒𝑐 −1 )
8
17
Let 𝑆𝑒𝑐 −1 =𝑦
8
17 𝜋
⇒ sec 𝑦 = where 𝑦 ∈ [0, ]
8 2

Now we have find

17
𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑆𝑒𝑐 −1 ) = sin 𝑦
8
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 =
sec 𝑦
N AT IS
we know that,

C N
PY
O C D
8
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 =
O IO
17
D U AA

O
Now, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = √1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑦 where, 𝑦 = [0,
𝜋
2
]
ED PR

By substituting, cosy value we get,

T

8 2
⇒ sin 𝑦 = √1 − ( )
©

17

225
⇒ sin 𝑦 = √
289

15
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 =
17
17 15
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑆𝑒𝑐 −1 )=
8 17
 8
(v) Given Cosec (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 )
17
8
Let𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) = 𝑦
17
8 𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = where y ∈ [0, ]
17 2

Now, we have to find

8
Cosec (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑦
17

we know that, N AT IS
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1

C N
PY
O C D
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = √1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
O IO
D U AA

So,

sin y = √1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑦
O
ED PR

8 2
= √1 − ( )
17
©

64
= √1 −
289

64
= √2890 −
289

225
=√
289

15
=
17

Hence,
 1 1 17
Cosecy = = 15 =
sin 𝑦 (17) 15

Therefore,
8 17
Cosec (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 )=
17 15

12
(vi) Given 𝑠𝑒𝑐 (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 )
13
12
Let 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 =𝑦
13
N AT IS
𝜋
where 𝑦 ∈ [0, ]

C N
PY
O C D
2
O IO
12
D U AA

⇒ sin 𝑦 =
13

O
Now we have to find
ED PR

12
Sec (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ) = sec 𝑦
T
13
©

we know that 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1

According to this identity cos y can be written as
𝜋
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = √1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑦 where 𝑦 ∈ [0, ]
2

Now substituting the value of siny we get,

12 2
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = √1 − ( )
13

144
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = √1 −
169
 25
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = √
169

5
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 =
13
1
⇒ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑦 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦

13
⇒ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑦 =
5
12 13
⇒ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 )=
N AT IS 13 5

C N
PY
O C D
8
(vii) Given 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 )
O IO
17
D U AA

Let 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1
8
17O where 𝑦 ∈ [0, ]
𝜋
2
ED PR

8
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 =
17
T

Now we have to find

©

8
𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦
17

We know that 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃

Rearranging and substituting the value of tany we get,
𝜋
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 = √𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 − 1 where 𝑦 ∈ [0, ]
2
1
we have secy =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦

1
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 = √( )−1
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑦
 17 2
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 = √( ) − 1
8

289
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 = √ −1
64

225
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 = √
64
15
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 =
8
8 15
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 )=
17 8
N AT IS 3
(viii) Given 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 )

C N
PY
5
O C D
3 𝜋
O IO
Let 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 = 𝑦 where 𝑦 ∈ [0, ]
D U AA

5 2

O
ED PR

3
⇒ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑦 =
5
T

Now we have to find

©

3
𝑐𝑜𝑡 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑦
5

we know that 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃

Rearranging and substituting the value of any we get,
𝜋
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 = √𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 − 1 where 𝑦 ∈ [0, ]
2
1
we have secy = , on substituting we get,
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦

1 1
⇒ = √( 2 ) − 1
cot 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦

1 5 2
⇒ = √( ) − 1
cot 𝑦 3
 1 16
⇒ = √
cot 𝑦 9

3
⇒ cot y =
4
3 3
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ) =
5 4

24
(ix) Given 𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 )
7
24
Let 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = y
7
N AT IS
24 𝜋
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 = where 𝑦 ∈ [0, ]

C N
7 2

PY
O C D
Now we have to find,
O IO
D U AA

24
𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
7
O ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
ED PR

We know that 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃

⇒ 1 +𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦
T
©

On rearranging and substituting the value of seecy we get,

⇒ sec 𝑦 = √1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑦
𝜋
Where 𝑦 ∈ [0, ]
2

24 2
⇒ sec 𝑦 = √1 + ( )
7

625
⇒ sec 𝑦 = √
49
 25
⇒ sec 𝑦 =
7
1
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 =
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑦
24 7
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 )=
7 25

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©
 Exercise 4.9

1. Evaluate :
−7
(i) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 {𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )}
25
−5
(ii) 𝑆𝑒𝑐 {𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 ( )}
12
−13
(iii) 𝐶𝑜𝑡 {𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ( )}
N AT IS 5

Solution:

C N
PY
O C D
−7
(i) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 {𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )}
O IO
25
D U AA

−7
Let 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑥
25 O
ED PR

−𝑥
Where 𝑥 ∈ [ , 0]
2
T

−7
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 =
©

25

Now we have to find

−7
𝑐𝑜𝑠 [𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )] = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
25

we know that 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 1

On rearranging and substituting we get,
−𝑥
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = √1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 since 𝑥 ∈ [ , 0]
2

49
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = √1 −
625
 576
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = √
625

24
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 =
25

5
(ii) Given 𝑠𝑒𝑐 {𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 ( )}
12
−5 𝜋
Let 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 ( ) = 𝑥 where 𝑥 ∈ ( , 𝜋)
12 2
5
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 = −
12
N AT IS
Now we have to find,

C N
PY
−5
𝑠𝑒𝑐 [𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 ( )] = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
O C D
12
O IO
D U AA

we know that 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥

O
On rearranging, we get
ED PR

1
⇒1+ = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
T

𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥
©

Substituting these values we get,

1 𝜋
⇒ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = −√1 + Since 𝑥 ∈ ( , 𝜋)
𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 2

12 2
⇒ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = −√1 + ( )
5
−13
⇒ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 =
5

−5 13
⇒ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 [𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 ( )] = -
12 5
 13
(iii) Given 𝐶𝑜𝑡 {𝑆𝑒𝑐 −1 ( − )}
5
13 𝜋
Let 𝑆𝑒𝑐 −1 ( − ) = 𝑥 where 𝑥 ∈ ( , 𝜋)
5 2
13
⇒ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = −
5

Now we have to find,

13
𝑐𝑜𝑡 [𝑆𝑒𝑐 −1 ( − )] = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
5

we know that 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥

On rearranging, we get
N AT IS
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = −√𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1

C N
PY
O C D
Now substitute the value of 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
O IO
D U AA

⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = −√(− O 13 2
5
) −1
ED PR

12
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = -
T
5
5
©

⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 = −
12
13 5
⇒ cot [𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (− )] = -
5 12
 Exercise 4.10
1. Evaluate :
3 4
(i) 𝐶𝑜𝑡 (𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ( ))
4 3

1
(ii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < 0
𝑥
1
(iii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 0
𝑥

(iv) 𝐶𝑜𝑡(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑎 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑎)

(v) 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 ), |𝑥 | ≥ 1
N AT IS
Solution:

C N
PY
O C D
3 4
(i) 𝐶𝑜𝑡 (𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ( ))
O IO
D U AA

4 3
1
O
(∵ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 )
𝑥
ED PR

we have
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 =
T

2
By substituting these values in given questions, we get
©

𝜋
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡
2
=0

1
(ii) Given 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < 0
𝑥

= 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + (𝑐𝑜𝑡−1 𝑥 − 𝜋))

1
(∵ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡−1 𝜃 − 𝜋 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < 0)
𝜋 𝜋
= 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( − 𝜋) (∵ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡−1 𝜃 = )
2 2
On simplifying, we get
 𝜋
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (− )
2

We know that sin(−𝜃) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

𝜋
= - 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = −1
2

1
(iii) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ) for 𝑥 > 0
𝑥

= 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + (𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑥 ))

1
(∵ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 − 𝜋 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 0)
𝜃
N AT IS
Again we know that,

C N
PY
𝜋
O C D
= ( 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝜃 = )
2
O IO
D U AA

Now by subsituting above identity in given questions we get,

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝜋 O
ED PR

=1
T
©

(iv) Given Cot (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑎 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑎)

We know that,
𝜋
= ( 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝜃 = )
2

Now by subsituting above identity in given questions we get,

𝜋
= 𝐶𝑜𝑡
2

=0
(v) Given 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 ) , |𝑥| ≥ 1
We know that,
1
𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1
𝜃
Again we have
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝜃 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1
𝜃
By substituting these values in given question we get,
1 1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 )
𝑥
N AT IS 𝑥
We know that from the identities,

C N
𝜋

PY
𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝜃 =
O C D
2
O IO
D U AA

Now by substituting we get,

= 𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝜋
O
ED PR

2
=0
T
©

𝝅
2. If 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝒚 = , find the value of 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑺𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒚.
𝟒
Solution:
𝜋
Given 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑦 =
4
we know that
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝜃 =
2
Now substituting above identity in given question we get,
𝜋 𝜋
⇒ ( − 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥) + ( − 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑦)
2 2
= Adding and simplying we get,
𝜋
⇒ 𝜋 − (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑦) =
4

On rearranging,
𝜋
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑦 = 𝜋 −
4
3𝜋
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑦 =
4

𝝅 𝝅
3. If 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒚 = and 𝑪𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝒙 − 𝑪𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝒚 = , find the
N AT IS 𝟑 𝟔
values of x and y.

C N
PY
Solution:
O C D
O IO
𝜋
Given 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑦 =
D U AA

……Eq(i)
3

O 𝜋
and 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑦 = ……..Eq. (ii)
ED PR

6
Subtracting Equation (ii) from equation (i), we get
T

𝜋 𝜋
⇒ (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 ) + (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑦 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑦) = −
©

3 6
We know that,
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝜃 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝜃 =
2
By substituting above identity, we get
𝜋 𝜋
⇒ (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 ) + ( ) =
2 6
𝜋
Replacing 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 by - 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 and rearranging we get,
2
𝜋 𝜋
⇒ ( − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥) - 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 = −
2 3
Now by adding,
 5𝜋
⇒ 2𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 =
6
5𝜋
⇒ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 =
12

5𝜋
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )
12
𝜋 𝜋
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( + )
4 6

We know that 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐴. 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐵 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴. 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝐵, substituting

this we get N AT IS
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 . cos − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 . sin

C N
4 6 4 6

PY
O C D
1 √3 1 1
O IO
⇒𝑥= . - .
D U AA

√2 2 √2 2

⇒𝑥=
√3−1 O
ED PR

2√2

Now, putting the value of 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 in equation (ii)

T

5𝜋 𝜋
- 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑦 =
©

⇒
12 6
𝜋
⇒ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑦 =
4
1
⇒𝑦=
√2

√3−1 1
⇒𝑥= and y =
2√2 √2
 𝟑
4. If cot (𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙) = 𝟎, find the value of x.
𝟓
Solution:
3
Given cot (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥) =0
5
On rearranging we get,
3
(𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥) = 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 (0)
5
3 𝜋
(𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥) =
5 2
𝜋
We know that 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 =
N AT IS 2
𝜋
Then 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥
2

C N
PY
O C D
3 𝜋
Substituting the above in (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥) = we get,
O IO
5 2
D U AA

(𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 +
3
5
𝜋
2 O− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 ) =
𝜋
2
−
𝜋
2
ED PR

Now on rearranging we get,

𝜋 𝜋
T
3
(𝑐𝑜𝑠−1 5 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠−1 𝑥 ) = −
2 2
©

3
(𝑐𝑜𝑠−1 5 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠−1 𝑥 ) = 0
3
Therefore 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥
5
On comparing the above equation we get,
3
𝑥=
5
 𝝅𝟐
5. If (𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙)𝟐 + (𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝒙)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟕 , find x .
𝟑𝟔
Solution:
−1 𝜋2
Given (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 )2 + (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1
𝑥 )2 = 17
36
𝜋
We know that 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 =
2
𝜋
Then 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥
2
𝜋2
Substituting this in (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 )2 + (𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 )2 = 17 we get
36
𝜋 2 𝜋2
(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 )2 + ( − 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 ) = 17
2 36
N AT IS
Let y = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥

C N
PY
O C D
2
𝜋2
O IO
2 𝜋
D U AA

𝑦 + (( ) − 𝑦) = 17
2 36

𝑦2 +
𝜋2 O
− 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 (( ) − 𝑦) =17
𝜋 𝜋2
ED PR

4 2 36
𝜋2 𝜋2
T

− 𝜋𝑦 + 2𝑦 2 = 17
4 36
©

On rearranging and simplifying, we get

2
2𝑦 2 − 𝜋𝑦 + 𝜋 2 = 0
9

18𝑦 2 − 9𝜋𝑦 + 2𝜋 2 = 0
18𝑦 2 − 12𝜋𝑦 + 3𝜋𝑦 + 2𝜋 2 = 0
6𝑦(3𝑦 − 2𝜋) + 𝜋(3𝑦 − 2𝜋) = 0
Now, (3y -2π) = 0 and ( 6y + π ) =0
2𝜋 −𝜋
Therefore, 𝑦 = and 𝑦 =
3 6
−𝜋
Now substituting 𝑦 = in y = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 we get
6
 −𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 =
6
−𝜋
𝑥 = sin ( )
6
−1
𝑥=
2
−2𝜋
Now substituting y = in 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
3
2𝜋
𝑥 = sin ( )
3
√3
𝑥=
2
√3 𝜋2
Now substituting 𝑥 = in (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 )2 + (𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 )2 = 17 we get,
N AT IS 2 36
𝜋 𝜋

C N
PY
= +
O C D
3 6
O IO
17𝜋2
D U AA

𝜋
= which is not equal to
2
O
So we have to neglect this root.
36
ED PR

−1 𝜋2
Now substituting 𝑥 = in (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 )2 + (𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 )2 = 17 we get,
T

2 36
𝜋2 𝜋2
©

= +4
36 9
𝜋2
= 17
36
−1
Hence 𝑥 =
2
 Exercise 4.11

1. Prove the following results:

𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
(i) 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( ) + 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( ) = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( )
𝟕 𝟏𝟑 𝟗
𝟏𝟐 𝟒 𝟔𝟑
(ii) 𝑺𝒊𝒏−𝟏 ( ) + 𝑪𝒐𝒔−𝟏 ( ) + 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( ) = 𝝅
𝟏𝟑 𝟓 𝟏𝟔
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
(iii) 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( ) + 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( ) = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( )
𝟒 𝟗 √𝟓

Solution; N AT IS
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
(i) 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( ) + 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( ) = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( )
𝟕 𝟏𝟑 𝟗

C N
PY
O C D
Given:
O IO
D U AA

Consider LHS
1 O 1
ED PR

𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
7 13
T

We know, that formula

©

𝑥+𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑦) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
1−𝑥𝑦

According to the formula, we can write as

𝟏 𝟏
+
−1 𝟕 𝟏𝟑
=𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝟏 𝟏 )
𝟏− 𝟕 ×𝟏𝟑

13+7
−1 91
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 91−1 )
91

20
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
90
20
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
90
 2
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
9

= RHS
Hence, the proof.

12 4 63
(ii) Given 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝜋
13 5 16

Consider LHS
12 4 63
𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
13 5 16
N AT IS
We know that, Formula

C N
𝑥

PY
𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (
O C D
)
√1−𝑥 2
O IO
D U AA

√1−𝑥 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
O 𝑥
ED PR

Now, by substituting the formula we get,

T
2
12 √1−(4) 63
5
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 13
) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
©

2 4
16
√1−(12) 5
13

12 3 63
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
5 4 16
Again we know that
𝑥+𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑦) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
1−𝑥𝑦

Again by substituting, we get

12 3
+ 63
−1
= 𝜋 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 5 4
12 3 ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
1− × 16
5 4
63 63
= 𝜋 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (− ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
16 16
We know that,
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (−𝑥 ) = −𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥
63 63
= 𝜋 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
16 16

= 𝜋
12 4 63
So, 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝜋
13 5 16
Hence, the proof.
Hence proved.

N AT IS
C N
PY
1 2 1
O C D
(iii) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
4 9 √5
O IO
D U AA

1 2
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
4
O 9
ED PR

We know that,
𝑥+𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑦) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
T

1−𝑥𝑦
©

By substituting this formula we get,

1 2
+
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 4 1 9 2
1−4×9
17
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 36
34
36
1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
2
1
Now let, 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
2
1
Therefore, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =
√5
 1
So, 𝜃 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1
√5
1 1
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) = RHS
2 √5
1 2 1
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) =𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
4 9 √5
Hence proved.

𝒙 (𝒙−𝒚)
2. Find the value of 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( )= 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 {(𝒙+𝒚)}
𝒚

Solution:
N AT IS𝑥 (𝑥−𝑦)
Given 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 {(𝑥+𝑦)}
𝑦

C N
PY
O C D
we know that,
O IO
D U AA

𝑥−𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
O 1+𝑥𝑦
ED PR

Now by substituting the formula, we get

𝑥 𝑥−𝑦
T
−(
𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
)
−1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑥−𝑦
©

1+ ×( )
𝑦 𝑥+𝑦

𝑥(𝑥+𝑦)−𝑦(𝑥−𝑦)
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
𝑦(𝑥+𝑦)+𝑥(𝑥−𝑦)

2 2
−1 𝑥 +𝑦
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1
𝜋
=
4
So,
𝑥 (𝑥−𝑦) 𝜋
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 {(𝑥+𝑦)} =
𝑦 4
 Exercise 4.12

𝟑 𝟓
1. Evaluate : 𝑪𝒐𝒔 (𝑺𝒊𝒏−𝟏 + 𝑺𝒊𝒏−𝟏 )
𝟓 𝟏𝟑

Solution:
3 5
Given Cos (𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 )
5 13

We know that,

𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 𝑦 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 [𝑥√1 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑦√1 − 𝑥 2 ]

N AT IS
By substituting’s the formula, we get

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
3 5 2 5 2
√1 − (3) ])
D U AA

−1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑆𝑖𝑛 [ √1 − ( ) +
O 5

56
13 13 5
ED PR

= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 [ ])
65
T

Again, we know that

©

𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 √1 − 𝑥 2
Now substituting, we get

−1 √ 56 2
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 1−( ) )
65

33
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 √ )
65

3 5 33
Hence, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 5 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 13 ) = 65
 Exercise 4.13

𝒙 𝒚
1. If 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 ( ) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 ( ) = 𝜶, then prove that 𝟗𝒙𝟐 −
𝟐 𝟑
𝟏𝟐𝒙𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶 + 𝟒𝒚 = 36 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜶 𝟐

Solution:
𝑥 𝑦
Given 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) = 𝛼
2 3

We know that,

𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 [𝑥𝑦 − √1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑦 2 ]

N AT IS
Now by Substituting we get,

C N
PY
O C D
2 2
O IO
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 [ × − √1 − ( ) √1 − ( ) ] = 𝛼
D U AA

2 3 2 3

𝑥𝑦
O
√4− 𝑥 2 √9−𝑦 2
ED PR

⇒[ − × ] = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
6 2 3
T

⇒ 𝑥𝑦 − √4 − 𝑥 2 × √9 − 𝑦 2 = 6 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
©

⇒ 𝑥𝑦 − 6𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 = √4 − 𝑥 2 √9 − 𝑦 2
On squaring both the sides we get
⇒ (𝑥𝑦 − 6𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 )2 = (4 − 𝑥 2 )(9 − 𝑦 2 )
⇒ 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 36𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 − 12𝑥𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 = 36 − 9𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2
⇒ 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 36 + 36𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 − 12𝑥𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 = 0
⇒ 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 12𝑥𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 − 36(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼) =0
⇒ 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 12𝑥𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 − 36𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼 = 0
⇒ 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 12𝑥𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 = 36𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼
Hence the proof.

𝒂 𝒃 𝟏 𝟏
2. Solve the equation: 𝑪𝒐𝒔−𝟏 ( ) - 𝑪𝒐𝒔−𝟏 ( ) = 𝑪𝒐𝒔−𝟏 ( ) -𝑪𝒐𝒔−𝟏 ( )
𝒙 𝒙 𝒃 𝒂

Solution:
Given
𝑎 𝑏 1 1
𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) - 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) -𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑏 𝑎

We know that,

𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑥 ) + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑦) = [𝑥𝑦 − √1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑦 2 ]

N AT IS
C N
By substituting this formula we get,

PY
O C D
O IO
2 2
D U AA

−1 1 𝑎 1 1
⇒ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 [ − √1 − ( ) √1 − ( ) ] = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 [ −
2
O
𝑥

2
𝑥 𝑎 𝑥
ED PR

√1 − (𝑏) √1 − (1) ]
𝑥 𝑏
T
©

1 𝑎 2 2 2 2
= − √1 − ( ) √1 − ( 1 ) = 1 𝑏
− √1 − ( ) √1 − ( 1 )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑎 𝑥 𝑥 𝑏

𝑎 2 2 2 2
= √1 − ( ) √1 − ( 1 ) 𝑏
= √1 − ( ) √1 − ( 1 )
𝑥 𝑎 𝑥 𝑏

Squaring on both sides, we get

𝑎 2 1 2 𝑏 2 1 2
⇒ (1 − ( ) ) (1 − ( ) ) = (1 − ( ) ) (1 − ( ) )
𝑥 𝑎 𝑥 𝑏
 𝑎 2 1 2 1 2 𝑏 2 1 2 1 2
⇒ 1−( ) -( ) +( ) =1− ( ) −( ) + ( )
𝑥 𝑎 𝑥 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥

𝑏 2 𝑎 2 1 2 1 2
⇒ ( ) −( ) = ( ) − ( )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑎 𝑏

On simplifying, we get
⇒ (𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 ) 𝑎2 𝑏 2 = 𝑥 2 (𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 )
⇒ 𝑥 2 = 𝑎2 𝑏 2
⇒𝑥 =𝑎𝑏
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©
 Exercise 4.14

1. Evaluate the following:

1 𝜋
(i) 𝑡𝑎𝑛 {2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) − }
5 4
1 3
(ii) 𝑡𝑎𝑛 { 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )}
2 4
1 4
(iii) 𝑆𝑖𝑛 { 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )}
2 5
2
(iv) 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √3)
N AT IS 3

Solution:

C N
PY
O C D
1 𝜋
(i) Given 𝑡𝑎𝑛 {2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) − }
O IO
5 4
D U AA

We know that
O
ED PR

2𝑥
2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ), if |x| < 1
1−𝑥 2
T

𝜋
And can be written as 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1)
4
©

Now substituting these values we get,

1
2 ×5
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 {𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 1 ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1}
1−25

5
= tan {𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1}
12

Again we know that,

 𝑥−𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
1+𝑥𝑦

Now substituting this formula, we get

5
−1
−1 12
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 {𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 5 )}
1+ 12

−7
= tan {𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )}
17
−7
=
17

N AT IS
𝟏 𝟑

C N
(ii) Given tan { 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 ( )}

PY
O C D
𝟐 𝟒
O IO
D U AA

1 3
Let 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 = t
2

Therefore,
4
O
ED PR

3
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 = 2𝑡
T

4
©

3
⇒ 𝑆𝑖𝑛2𝑡 =
4

now, by Pythagoras theorem, we have

3 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟
⇒ sin 2𝑡 = =
4 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

√4 2 −32 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 = =
4 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

√7
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 =
4

By considering, given question

1 3
𝑡𝑎𝑛 { 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 }
2 4
= tan(𝑡)
we know that
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
tan(𝑥 ) = √
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥

1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
=√
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥

√7
1−
4
=√ √7
1+
4

=√
4− √7
N AT IS
4+ √7

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

Now by rationalizing the denominator, we get

O
ED PR

(4− √7)(4− √7)

=√
(4+ √7)(4+√7)
T

4−√7
©

=√
9

4−√7
=
3

Hence
1 3 4−√7
𝑡𝑎𝑛 { 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 } =
2 4 3
 𝟏 𝟒
(iii) Given sin { 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 ( )}
𝟐 𝟓

We know that
1−𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (±√ )
2

Now by substituting this formula we get,

4
1 1−
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1
(±√ 5))
2 2

1
sin (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (±
N AT IS ))
√10

C N
PY
O C D
As we know that
O IO
D U AA

𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 𝑎𝑠 𝑛 ∈ [−1,1]

=±
1 O
ED PR

√10
1 4
T

Hence, 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 )

2 5
©

1
=±
√10
 2
(iv) Given 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ) + cos (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √3)
3

We know that
2𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 )
1+𝑥 2
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 )
√1+𝑥 2

Now by substituting these formulae we get,

2
2×3 1
−1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 N AT IS ( 4 )) + cos (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ))
1+ 9 √1+3

C N
PY
O C D
12 1
= sin (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ))
O IO
13 2
D U AA

=
12
13
+
1
2 O
ED PR

37
=
26
T

Hence,
©

2 37
𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √3) =
3 26

2. Prove the following results :

3 24
(i) 2𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
5 7
1 2 1 3 1 4
(ii) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
4 9 2 5 2 5
2 1 12
(iii) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
3 2 5
1 1 𝜋
(iv) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) =
7 3 4
 4 1 𝜋
(v) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) + 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) =
5 3 2
3 17 𝜋
(vi) 2𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )=
5 31 4
1 1 4
(vii) 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
5 8 7
3 17 𝜋
(viii) 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) =
4 31 4
1 1 31
(ix) 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
2 7 17
1 1 𝜋
(x) 4𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )=
5 239 4

Solution:
N AT IS
C N
PY
3 24
O C D
(i) 2𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
O IO
5 7
D U AA

Consider LHS
3
2𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
O
ED PR

5
T

we know that
©

𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑥 ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
√1−𝑥 2

Now by substituting the value above formula we get,

3
−1 5
= 2 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 9 )
1−25

3
= 2 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
4

Again we know that

2𝑥
2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) , if |x| < 1
1−𝑥 2
Therefore,
3
2×4
−1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 9 )
1−16

3
−1 2
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) 7
16

24
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
7

=RHS
3 24
So, 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
N AT IS 5 7

Hence the proof.

C N
PY
O C D
Hence proved.
O IO
D U AA

O 1 2
(ii) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
1 3 1 4
ED PR

4 9 2 5 2 5
T

Consider LHS
©

1 2
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
4 9

We know that
𝑥+𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
1−𝑥𝑦

Now by substituting this formula, we get

1 2
+
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 4 9
1 2 )
1−4 × 9

9+8
−1 36
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 36−2 )
36
 17
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
34

1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
2

Multiplying and dividing by 2

1 1
= {2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) }
2 2
Again we know that
−1 −1 1−𝑥 2
2𝑡𝑎𝑛 x = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )
N AT IS 1+ 𝑥 2
1
1 1−4
−1

C N
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )

PY
O C D
1
2 1+
4
O IO
D U AA

1
3 O
ED PR

= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) 4
5
2
4
T
©

3
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
5
= RHS

1 2 1 3
So, 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) +𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
4 9 2 5
Now,
1 3
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
2 5
We know that,
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 √1 − 𝑥 2
By substituting this, we get
1 9
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 √1 −
2 25

1 16
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 √
2 25

1 4
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1
2 5
= RHS
1 2 1 3 1 4
So, 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) +𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1
4 9 2 5 2 5
N AT IS
Hence the proof.

C N
PY
O C D
Hence prooved.
O IO
D U AA

O
(iii) Given 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) =
2 1 12
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
ED PR

3 2 5
T

Consider LHS
©

2
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
3
Now, multiplying and dividing by 2, we get
1 2
= {2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )}
2 3
we know that
2𝑥
2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
1−𝑥 2
By substituting the above formula we get
2
1 2×3
−1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 4 )
2 1− 9
 4
1 −1 3
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )
5
2
9
1 12
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
2 5
= RHS
2 1 12
So, 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
3 2 5
Hence the proof.
Hence prooved.

N AT IS 1
(iv) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) =
1 𝜋
7 3 4

C N
PY
O C D
Consider LHS
O IO
D U AA

1 1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
We know that,
7
O 3
ED PR

2𝑥
= 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
T

1−𝑥 2
©

By substituting the above formula we get,

1
1 2 ×3
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1
( 1 )
7 1−9
2
−1 1 −1 3
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) 8
7
9
1 3
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
7 4
Again we know that
𝑥+𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
1−𝑥𝑦
 1 3
+
−1 7 4
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 1 3 )
1−7 ×4
25
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) 28
25
28

= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1)
𝜋
=
4
= RHS
1 1 𝜋
So, 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) =
7 3 4
Hence the proof
N AT IS
C N
Hence proved.

PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O 𝟒
(v) Given 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 ( ) + 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( ) =
𝟓
𝟏
𝟑
𝝅
𝟐
ED PR

Consider LHS
T

4 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
5 3
©

We know that
𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑥 ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
√1−𝑥 2
2𝑥
And, 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
1−𝑥 2
Now by substituting the formula we get,
4 1
2×3
−1 5 −1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 1 )
√1−
16 1−9
25

4 3
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
3 4
We know that,
𝑥+𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
1−𝑥𝑦
4 3
+
−1 3 4
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 4 3 )
1− ×
3 4
25
−1 12
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )
0

= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (∞)
𝜋
=
2
= RHS
N AT IS
4 1 𝜋

C N
So, 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) =

PY
O C D
5 3 2
O IO
D U AA

Hence proved.
O
ED PR

3 17 𝜋
(vi) Given 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) =
5 31 4
T

Consider LHS
©

3 17
= 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
5 31
we know that
𝑥
𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑥 ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
√1−𝑥 2
According to the formula we have,
3
−1 17
= 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 5
) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
16 31
√1−
25
 4
−1 17
= 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 5
)- 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
9 31
√
25

3 17
= 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
4 31
Again we know that,
2𝑥
2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
1−𝑥 2
By substituting this formula, we get
3
17
= 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( N AT IS 5
) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
9 31
√1−
25

C N
PY
O C D
3
O IO
17
D U AA

−1
= 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 5
) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
31

O √
16
25
ED PR

3 17
= 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
4 31
T

Again we know that,

©

2𝑥
= 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
1−𝑥 2
By substituting this formula, we get
3
2×4 17
−1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 9 ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
1−16 31

3
17
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
2
7
31
16

24 17
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
7 31
Again we have,
𝑥−𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
1+𝑥𝑦
24 17
−
−1 7 31
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 24 17 )
1+ 7 ×31
744−119
−1 217
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 217+408 )
217
625
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
625

= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1)
𝜋
=
N AT IS
4

C N
PY
O C D
= RHS
O IO
D U AA

O 3
So, 2 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) =
5
17
31
𝜋
4
ED PR

Hence the proof.

T

Hence proved.
©

1 1 4
(vii) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
5 8 7
Consider LHS
1 1
= 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
5 8
we know that
2𝑥
2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
1−𝑥 2
Now by substituting the formula we get,
 1
2×5 1
−1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 1 ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
1− 25 8

2
1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
5
24
8
25
5 1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
12 8
Again from the formula we have,

𝑥+𝑦
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
1−𝑥𝑦
5 1
−1
N AT IS +
12 8
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 5 1 )

C N
1− 12×8

PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1
( O
10+3
24
96−5 )
ED PR

96
T

13 96
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (
©

× )
24 91

4
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
7
= RHS
1 1 4
So, 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
5 8 7
Hence the proof.
Hence proved.
 3 17 𝜋
(viii) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) =
4 31 4
Consider LHS
3 17
= 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
4 31

We know that,
2𝑥
2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
1−𝑥 2
Now by substituting the formula we get,
3
2 ×4 17
−1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) - 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
N AT IS 9
31
1−16

C N
PY
O C D
3 16 17
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( × ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
O IO
2 7 31
D U AA

O
24
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
7
17
31
ED PR

We know that,
𝑥−𝑦
T

𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1

1+𝑥𝑦
©

Again by substituting the formula we get,

24 17
−
−1 7 31
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 24 17 )
1+ 7 ×31
744−119
−1 217
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 217+408 )
217
625
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
625

= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1)
𝜋
=
4
= RHS
3 17 𝜋
So, 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) =
4 31 4
Hence the proof.
Hence proved.

1 1 31
(ix) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
2 7 17
Consider LHS
1 1
= 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
N AT IS 2 7
we know that,

C N
PY
O C D
2𝑥
= 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
O IO
1−𝑥 2
D U AA

O
Now by substituting the formula we get,
1
ED PR

2×2 1
−1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 1 ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
1−4 7
T

2
©

−1 1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
2
3
7
4
4 1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
3 7
Again by using the formula, we can write as
𝑥+𝑦
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
1−𝑥𝑦

4 1
+
−1 3 7
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 1 4 )
1− ×
7 3
 31
−1 27
=𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )
17
21
31
=𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
17
= RHS
1 1 31
So, 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
2 7 17
Hence the proof.
Hence proved.
N AT IS
C N
𝟏 𝟏 𝝅

PY
(x) 𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏𝟒 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( ) − 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (
O C D
)=
𝟓 𝟐𝟑𝟗 𝟒
O IO
D U AA

Consider LHS
1 O
= 4 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (
1
)
ED PR

5 239
We know that
T

4𝑥−4𝑥 3
= 4 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (
©

)
1−6𝑥 2 +𝑥 4
now by substituting the formula, we get
1 1 3
4 × 5−4(5) 1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 1 2 1 4
) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
1−6(5) +(5) 239

120 1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
119 239
Again we know that,

𝑥−𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
1+𝑥𝑦
 120 1
−
−1 119 239
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 120 1 )
1− 119 ×239

28561
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
28561

= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1)

𝜋
=
4
RHS
N AT IS
C N
So,

PY
O C D
O IO
1 1 𝜋
4𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) - 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )=
D U AA

5 239 4
Hence the proof. O
ED PR

𝟐𝒂 𝒃𝟐 𝟐𝒙
3. If 𝑺𝒊𝒏−𝟏 ( + 𝒂𝟐 ) − 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 (𝟏 − + 𝒃𝟐 )= 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( − 𝒙𝟐 ) ,
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
©

(𝒂−𝒃)
then prove that 𝒙 = (𝟏+𝒂𝒃)

Solution:
Given
2𝑎 𝑏2 2𝑥
𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( + 𝑎2 ) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (1 − + 𝑏 2 )= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( − 𝑥2)
1 1 1
Consider,
2𝑎 1−𝑏2 2𝑥
⇒ 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( 2 ) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠
−1
=( )
1+𝑎 1+𝑏2 1−𝑥 2
We know that,
 2𝑥
2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
1+𝑥 2
1−𝑥 2
2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
1+𝑥 2
2𝑥
2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
1−𝑥 2
Now by applying these formulae in given equation we get,
⇒ 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑎) − 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑏) = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥)
⇒ 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑎) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑏)) = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥)
⇒ 2(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑎) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑏)) = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥)
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑎) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑏) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥)
N AT IS
Again we know that,

C N
PY
O C D
𝑥−𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑦) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥)
O IO
D U AA

1+𝑥𝑦

O
Now by substituting this in above equation we get,
ED PR

𝑎−𝑏
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥)
1+𝑎𝑏
T

On comparing we get,
©

𝑎−𝑏
⇒𝑥=
1+𝑎𝑏
Hence the proof.
Hence, proved.
4. Prove that:

−𝟏 𝟏−𝒙𝟐 −𝟏 𝟏−𝒙𝟐 𝝅
(i) 𝒕𝒂𝒏 {( ) + 𝑪𝒐𝒕 {( )}} =
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝟐

𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟏−𝒙𝟐 ) 𝟏−𝒙𝟐

(ii) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 { + 𝑪𝒐𝒕−𝟏 ( )} = 𝟏
𝟐𝒙 𝟏+𝒙𝟐
Solution:
(i) Given

−1 1−𝑥 2 −1 1−𝑥 2 𝜋
𝑡𝑎𝑛 {( ) + 𝐶𝑜𝑡 {( )}} =
2𝑥 2𝑥 2

Consider LHS N AT IS
2 2
−1 1−𝑥 −1 1−𝑥

C N
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝐶𝑜𝑡

PY
O C D
2𝑥 2𝑥
O IO
We know that,
D U AA

𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )O 1
𝑥
ED PR

Now by applying the above formula, we get

T
©

1−𝑥 2 2𝑥
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
2𝑥 1−𝑥 2
Again we know
𝑥+𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
1−𝑥𝑦

By substituting this, we get

1−𝑥2 2𝑥
( 2𝑥 )+( )
1−𝑥2
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 1−𝑥2 2𝑥
)
1− ( 2𝑥 ) ×( )
1−𝑥2
 1+𝑥4 −2𝑥2 +4𝑥2
2𝑥 (1−𝑥2 )
=𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 2𝑥 (1−𝑥2 )−2𝑥(1−𝑥2 )
)
2𝑥 (1−𝑥2 )

1+𝑥 4 +2𝑥 2
=𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
0

=𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (∞)
𝜋
=
2
= RHS
1−𝑥 2 1−𝑥 2 𝜋
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 =
2𝑥
N AT IS 2𝑥 2

C N
PY
Hence proved.
O C D
O IO
D U AA

(ii) Given sin {𝑡𝑎𝑛O 2𝑥

2
−1 (1−𝑥 )
+ 𝐶𝑜𝑠
2
−1 (1−𝑥 )
(1+𝑥 2 )
}
ED PR

Consider LHS
T

(1−𝑥 2 ) (1−𝑥 2 )
= sin {𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 }
©

2𝑥 (1+𝑥 2 )

We know that,
2
−1 −1 (1−𝑥 )
2𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥= 𝐶𝑜𝑠
(1+𝑥 2 )

Now by applying the formula in above question we get,

(1−𝑥 2 )
= sin {𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥}
2𝑥
Again we have,
2𝑥
2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
1−𝑥 2
Now by substituting the formula we get,
2
−1 (1−𝑥 ) 2𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ))
2𝑥 1−𝑥 2

Again we know that,

𝑥+𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
1−𝑥𝑦

Now by applying the formula,

(1−𝑥2 ) 2𝑥
+( )
1−𝑥2
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 2𝑥
2
(1−𝑥 ) 2𝑥
))
1− 2𝑥 × ( )
N AT IS 1−𝑥2

1+𝑥4 −2𝑥2 +4𝑥2

C N
2𝑥(1−𝑥2 )

PY
= sin (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ))
O C D
2𝑥(1−𝑥2 )−2𝑥(1−𝑥2 )
O IO
2𝑥(1−𝑥2 )
D U AA

= sin (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (
O
1+𝑥4 −2𝑥2 +4𝑥2
2𝑥(1−𝑥2 )
))
ED PR

0
T

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (∞))
©

𝜋
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
= RHS
So,
2 2
−1 (1−𝑥 ) −1 (1−𝑥 )
= sin (𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 ) =1
2𝑥 (1+𝑥 2 )

Hence the proof.

Hence, proved.
 𝟐𝒂 𝟐𝒃
5. If 𝑺𝒊𝒏−𝟏 ( 𝟐 ) + 𝑺𝒊𝒏
−𝟏
( ) = 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙, prove that 𝒙 =
𝟏+𝒂 𝟏+𝒃𝟐
𝒂+𝒃
( ).
𝟏−𝒂𝒃
Solution:
2𝑎 2𝑏
Given 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥
1+𝑎2 1+𝑏2
Consider

2𝑎 2𝑏
𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥
1+𝑎2 1+𝑏2
we know that N AT IS
2𝑥
2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )

C N
PY
1+𝑥 2
O C D
O IO
Now by applying the above formula, we get
D U AA

O
⇒ 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑎) + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑏) = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 )
ED PR

⇒ 2(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑎) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑏)) = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 )

⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑎) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑏) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 )
T
©

Again we have,
𝑥+𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑦) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
1−𝑥𝑦

Now by substituting, we get

𝑎+𝑏
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 )
1−𝑎𝑏
On comparing we get
𝑎+𝑏
⇒ 𝑥=
1−𝑎𝑏
Hence the proof,
 ©
ED PR
D U AA
O C D
N AT IS
O IO
T
C N
O
PY
 ©
ED PR
D U AA
O C D
N AT IS
O IO
T
C N
O
PY