lOMoARcPSD|38778236

Probability and random processes for electrical and computer

engineers second edition solution
확률론 (Sungkyunkwan University)

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Probability and random processes for

electrical and computer engineers
second edition solution
Problem

2.1

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

2.2

(a) I)

II)

III)

(b) I)

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II)

III)

2.3

I) area always

II) normalize the area of the Venn diagram. So Pr[S] = 1

III) The area of the union of two events is

the sum of the areas

(no intersection)

IV) cannot be shown by Venn diagram

Corollaries (table 2.4)

area of A always > 0

If , then

Null set has area size 0

Intersection is included twice if we sum the areas

2.4 This solution does not contain the process.

2.5

I)

II)

III)

2.6
00 00 01 01 10 10 11 11

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a)

b)

c)

2.7

a)

1 5

1 1.35

b)

c)

2.8

a)sample spaces (not to scale)

-1 0 1 2

0.65 79.25

b)

2.9

a)

b)

c) this is not possible

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2.10

a)

b) P

c)

2.11

2.12

a)

b)

2. 13

a) probability =

b)

2.14

a)

b) Pr[one or more good] = 0.947

2.15

a) Pr[all good] = 0.512

b) Pr[all bad] =0.008

c) Pr[one bad] = 0.384

d)

2.16

a) total number = 65,536

b) possible commands = 43,680

2. 17

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a) different ways two errors occur = 28

b) probability =

c)

d) Notice to the log scale

Pr
0.0001 2.79832041994400e
-07
0.001 2.78324194404198e
-05
0.01 0.002636144418322
80
0.1 0.148803480000000
2.18

a)

b)

c) Pr[retrains within the first 5 packet] = 0.049

d) N > 10

2. 19

a)

b)

2.20

F = C ( A+ B)(D + E)

2.21

F = A(D + CE) + B(E + CD) or (A + B(C+E))(D+E(B+C))

2.22

2.23

2.24

a) F = AB+ AC

b) F = A + BC

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C) net has lower probability.

2.25

a) F = A + BCD + E

b)

2.26

a)

b)

c) Pr[communicate] = 0.6875

d) b failed (explain why)

2.27

a) p < 0.001

b) p <0.046

2.28

a) X = (C+D)(A+B+E)

b)

c) P[Y] = 0.9994

2.29

a)

b)

c) Pr[1] = 0.5

d) Pr[0] = 0.5

2.30

a) Not independent

b) = 0.07

2.31

a) Independent

b) = 0.02

2.32

a) Yes

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b)

2.33

2.34

Pr[hardware failure|software failure] = 0.004

2.35
111
111 1
a) 11 111
0
110
110 1
1 110
0
101
101 1
101
10
0
100
100 1
100
0
011
011 1
011
11
0
010
010 1
010
0
0
001
001 1
001
10 0
000
b) 000 1
000
c) 0

d)

2.36

2.37 GBF Probability:0.81Success

GB
a) G Probability:0.09Success

Probability:0.02 Success
5
Probability:0.02 Fail
5
Probability:0.02 Fail
5
Probability:0.02 Fail
5
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b) I) 0.075

II) 0.025

c) I) 0

II)

III)

d) Pr[mission succeeded | beer cooler failed] = 0

2.38

a)

b)

2.39

a) Pr[at least 1 IC is good] = 0.975

b) Pr[IC is good] = 0.8125

2NB3

a) Pr[defective component select] = 0.1167

b) Pr[Manufacturer A |defective component] = 0.2857

2.40

a)

b)

c)

2.41

a)

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b)

c)

d)

2.42

a)

b)

c)

2.43

a)
S R Probability
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1

b)

c)

d)

2.44

a)

b)

c) I)

II)

III)

IV)

2.45

a)

b)

c) I)

II)

III)

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IV)

2.46

a)

b)

c)

d)

2.47

Pr[under 3 error] = 0.9777

2.48

a) 1 0.95

0. 0.0
10. 5 1
9
b)

c)

2.49

a)

b) for received, choose A, for received, choose B

c) for received, choose A, for received, choose A,

2.50

a)

b) H = 3.3661

2.51

a)

b) Pr[error] = 0.255

c) No (explain why)

2.52

a) Pr[A] = Pr[T] = , Pr[C] = Pr[I] = , Pr[E] = Pr[N] = , Pr[M] = Pr[SPACE] =

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b) H = 2.8050

c)
LETTE CODE
R
M 10
SPACE 11
A 001
T 010
E 011
N 0000
C 0001
0
I 0001
d) 1 2.875

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3.1

a) 10

b)
1
1
0
0 1
0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

3.2 0
0 1

a) 9

0
0.5

0.45
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5

b)
0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5

3.3

a) k -> 3, 0, 2, 3, 2, 1, 3, 1, 3, 0, 0 ,3, 3, 2, 3, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0

(b) i (b) k
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

0 0
-1 0 1 2 3 4 -1 0 1 2 3 4
i k
(c) i (c) k
1

0.4

0.3
0.5
0.2

0.1

0 0
-1 0 1 2 3 4 -1 0 1 2 3 4
i k

3.4

a)

b) Pr[I = 0] = Pr[I = 8] =

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70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

3.5

a)

0.45

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
-1 0 1 2 3 4

b)

3.6

a) 0.2

0.18

0.16

0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08

b)
0.06

0.04
1

0.02
0.9

0.80-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

c)
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5

0.4

X=1
0.35 Y = 0.387
X =0
Y = 0.349
0.3

0.25
X=2
Y = 0.194
0.2

0.15

0.1 X= 3
Y = 0.0574

d) 0.05

0.12
X=4
Y = 0.0112

0
0 1 2 X3= 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Y = 0.00149
0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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3.7

Pr[less than 5 errors] = 0.000968

3.8

3.9

a)

b)

3.10

a) geometric
0.2

0.1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
uniform
0.2

0.1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Poisson
0.4

0.2

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

b)

type Probability
Geometr
ic
Uniform
Poisson
c)

type Probability
Geometr
ic
Uniform N = 12
Poisson No solution

3.11

a)

b) l =2

3.12

a) C =

b)

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c) choose 1.5918

3. 13

a) C = 4

b)

3.14

a)

b) I)

II)

III)

c)

d) b) 와 같음

3.15

a)

b) I)

II)

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3.16

a) C =

b)

c) for

for

for

3.17

a) C =

b)

c) M = 5

3.18

증명 문제 생략

3.19

증명 문제 생략

3.20

NOT valid because

3.21

a) It is invalid because by forcing B=A

b) It is valid. Subject is A =

c) It is valid, if

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3.22

a)

A=5

b)

3.23

a)

b)

3.24

a) c =

b)

3.25

a)

b)

c)

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d) I)

II)

III)

3.26

a)

b)

3.27

a) C =

b)

c)

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d)

3.28

a)

b)

3.29

a) C =1

b) I)

II)

c) I)

II)

Largest probability occurs for

d)

3. 30

a) I) II)

III) IV)

b)

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c)

v) No, if is negative ,

3.31

a)

b)

c) the same. The probabilities is not depends on the value of

3.32

a) M =

b) M =

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c) M = m

3.33

a)

b)

c)

3.34

a) I) II)

b) I) II)

c) I) II)

3.35

a)

b)

c)

3.36

a)

0~1 1~2 2~3 3~4 4~5 5~6 6~7 7~8 8~

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3.37

a)C =

b)

c)

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3.38

a)

b)

c) I)

II)

3.39

a)

b)

3.40

a) C = 5.5

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b)

c)

3.41

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3.42

a)

b)

3.43

3.44

a)

b)

3.45

x Y
-x –c
0
x-c

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3.46

3. 47

a)

b)

3.48

a)

Linear increase from 0 to 10

Y = 10
b)

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3.49

a)

b)

3.50

a)

b)

3.51

3.52

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a)

b)

3.53

a)

b)

3.54

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a)

b)

3.55

a)

b)

c)

3.56

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3.57

a)

b)

3.58

a)

b)

3.59

a)

b)

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3.60

a)

b)

c)

d) s = 20

3.61

a)

b)

c)

3.62

증명문제 생략

3.63

a)

b)

3.64

a)

b)

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3.65

a)

b)

3.66

a)

b)

c)

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4.1

a)

b)

c)

d)

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

a)

b)

4.6

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a)

Ed
1 2 3 4
you
1 2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5 6
3 4 5 6 7
4 5 6 7 8

b)

c)

4.7

a)

b)

c)

d)

4.8

a)

b)

4.9

4.10

a)

b)

4.11

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a)

b) I)

II)

c) claudia say yes to rolf

claudia say no to rolf

cloudia will say ‘no’ to Rolf

d) Rolf is wrong in his thinking

e) after the full day of the week we have

Rolf should ask cloudia as early as possible on the day.

4.12

a) c = 4

b)

4.13

a) A = 1.0524

b)

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4.14

4.15

4.16

a)

b)

c)

4.17

Value 1 6 9
frequenc 5 6 4
y
a)

b)

4.18

a)

Value 2 5 7 8
frequency 5 2 7 2

b)

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4.19

4.20

a)

b)

c) is maximized for . Max variance is 1

4.21

a)

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b)

4.22

4.23

a)

b)

c) I)

d)

4.24

a)

b)

c)

4.25

a)

b)

4.26

a)

b)

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4.27

4.28

4.29

4.30

a) A

b)

c)

d)

4.31

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a) c = 0.3012

b)

c) E[Y] = 3.4338

4.32

a)

b)

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c) 약간의 오차가 있습니다.

d)

4.33

a)

b)

c)

4.34

a) A =

b)

4.35

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4.36

4.37

4.38

a)

b) E[X|1 <= X <= 3.5 ] = 2.25

4.39

a)

b) var

c) yes

4.40

a)

b)

c)

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4.41

a)

b)

4.42

a)

b)

c)

4.43

a)

b)

4.44

4.45

in particular, skewness would be non-zero

4.46

4.47

a)

b)

c)

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4.48

a)

b)

c)

4.49

4.50

a)

b) E[X] = 0

c)

d)

e)

4.51

4.52

4.53

4.54

a)

b)

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4.55

a)

b)

4.56

b)

letter pro Codeword Length

A 01 2
E 0 1
H 0000 4
K 101 3
N 10 2
S 000 3
Y 1011 4

c)

d)

4.57

4.58

a) both game hae equal entropy.

b) the second game would have greater entropy.

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5.1

a) 0.1357

b)

b)

5.2

a) c= 0.908

b)

5.3

a)

b)

d)

5.4

a) = C =

b)

Not independent

c)

5.5

5.6

증명 생략

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5.7

a)

b) i)

ii)

iii)

5.8

a)

b)

5.9

a)

b)

c) not independent

5.10

a) sketch!!!!!

b) C = 1

c)

d)

e) No

5.11

a)

b) i)

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ii)

5.12

a) c = 2

b)

5.13

a)

b)

c)

d) yes

5.14

a)

b)

5.15

a) C =

b)

c)

5.16

5.17

a)

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b) they are independent

5.18

a)

b)

c)

5.19

a)

b)

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c)

d)

e)

5.20

a)

b)

c) thet are not independent

d)

5.21

a)

b)

c)

5.22

a)

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b)

c)

5.23

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

5.24

증명문제 생략

5.25

a)

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b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

g)

h)

i)

j)

5.26

a)

b)

5.27

a)

b)

c)

d)

5.28

In

5.29

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a)

b)

c)

5.30

a) 증명문제 생략

b) gaussian form

5.31

a) J(y) = 1

b)

c) if we choose

5.32

5.33

a)

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b)

c)

5.34

증명 생략

5.35

증명 생략

5.36

5.37

a)

b)

c)

d)

5.38

a)

b)

c)

5.39

a)

b)

c)

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d)

e)

f) NOT independent

5.40

a) 증명생략

b)

c)

d)

5.41

증명 생략

5.42

a)

b)

c)

5.43

a)

b)

c)

5.44

a)

b)

c)

5.45

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a)

b)

5.46

a) E[W] = 10.5 S

b)

5.47

a)

b)

c)

5.48

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