p1 V12 p2 V22
+ + z + H sys = + +z +h
2g 1 2g 2 L
4Q 4Q
Re = =
d dv
0.25
f = 2
if 5 103 Re 1108
5.74
log + 0.9
3.7d Re
64
f = if 2000 Re 4000
Re
0.25
fT = 2
log 3.7d
8Q 2 K ent L L K
hL = 2
+ f 5 + fT e5 + ext
g d 4
n d n d d 4
gHQ
P=
N Q
Ns =
H m3/4
AFFINITY LAW
Q
KQ =
Nd 3
gH
KH = 2 2
N d
P
KP =
N 2d 5
K = (1 − ) d 0.25