CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT UNIT

Upper School Curriculum

Mathematics Year Plan Guide

Form 4-5
 Section 1.1
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Form 4 Term 1
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A TOPICS SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND CONTENT/EXPLANATORY NOTES LESSONS
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Set of 1. Distinguish among sets of numbers;

Numbers Set of numbers:
natural numbers {1, 2, 3, ...};
whole numbers {0, 1, 2, 3, ...};
integers {...-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ...};

p
Rational numbers ( and q are integers, q );
q
irrational numbers (numbers that cannot be expressed as terminating
or recurring decimals, for example, numbers such as and 2);

The real numbers (the union of rational and irrational numbers);

inclusion relations, for example, N W Z Q R;
Number
Number Concepts and Computation

Sequences
Sequences of numbers that have a recognizable pattern;
Types of
Factors and multiples; square numbers; even numbers; odd numbers;
Numbers
prime numbers; composite numbers.
0.5
wks
Powers/ 2. Compute powers of whole numbers of the form x n ;
Exponents Squares, square roots, cubes, cube roots.

3. Perform computation using any of the four basic operations with real
Basic numbers;
Operations Addition, multiplication, subtraction and division of whole numbers,
fractions and decimals; order of operations.

Factors 4. List the set of factors or a set of multiples of a given positive integer;
Multiples
5. Compute the H.C.F. or L.C.M. of two or more positive integers;
H.C.F/L.C.M

Place Value
6. State the value of a digit in a numeral in base n, where n ≤ 10;
Number Place value and face value of numbers in bases 2, 4, 8, and 10.
Bases

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Conversion: 7. Convert among fractions, percentages and decimals;
Fractions
Decimals Convert fractions to decimals and percentages, decimal to fractions and
Percentages percentages, percentages to decimals and fractions.

Conversion: 8. Convert from one set of units to another;

Metric scale Conversion using conversion scales, converting within the metric scales,
Time 12-hour and 24-hour clock, currency conversion.
currency
Significant 9. Express a value to a given number of:
Figures (a) significant figures;
(b) decimal places;
Decimal
Places 1, 2 or 3 significant figures and 1, 2 or 3 decimal places.

10. Use properties of numbers and operations in computational tasks;

Number Concepts and Computation

Properties of Additive and multipicative identities and inverses, concept of

Numbers closure, properties of operations such as commutativity,
distributivity and associativity.

Standard 11. Write any rational number in standard form; 0.5

Form wks
Scientific notation.
12. Calculate any fraction or percentage of a given quantity;

Factions and percentages of a whole. The whole given a fraction or

Fraction and percentage.
Percentage
of Quantities 13. Express one quantity as a fraction or percentage of another;
Comparing two quantities using fractions and percentages.

Ratio and 14. Compare quantities

proportion Ratio and proportion.
Ordering
15. Order a set of real numbers;
Numbers
16. Generate a term of a sequence given a rule;
Number
Sequence 17. Derive an appropriate rule given the terms of a sequence;

Ratio 18. Divide a quantity in a given ratio;

Number 19. Solve problems involving concepts in number theory

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 Theory
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Discount 1. Calculate:
(a) discount; (c) profit;
Sales tax (b) sales tax; (d) loss;

Profit & loss 2. Calculate

(a) percentage profit; (b) percentage loss;

Percentage 3. Express a profit, loss, discount, markup and purchase tax, as a

Profit and percentage of some value;
Loss
4. Solve problems involving marked price, selling price, cost price,
Cost Price
profit, loss or discount;
Selling Price

Hire 5. Solve problems involving payments by installments as in the case of

Consumer Arithmetic

Purchase hire purchase and mortgages;

Simple 6. Solve problems involving simple interest; 1 wk

Interest Principal, time, rate, amount.

7. Solve problems involving compound interest;

8. Solve problems involving compound interest;
Compound
Interest Not involving more than 3 periods. “Reference CSEC Accounting for
info. On this content”.

Currency 9. Solve problems involving measures and money;

Conversion Currency conversion.

Solving
10. Solve problems involving:
Problems:
(a) rates and taxes; (b) utilities;
Rates/Taxes
(c) invoices and shopping bills;
Bills/invoices
(d) salaries and wages;
Salary/wage
(e) Insurance and investments.
investments

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Form 4 ___ Term 1
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A TOPICS SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND CONTENT/EXPLANATORY NOTES
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1. Explain concepts relating to sets;

Concepts Examples and non-examples of sets, description of sets using words,

membership of a set, cardinality of a set, finite and infinite sets,
universal set, empty set, complement of a set, subsets.

Set Notation 2. Represent a set in various forms;

Listing elements, for example, the set, A, of the first three natural
Elements numbers. Set builder notation, for example:
A={ x :0< x< 4 where x ∈ N } .
symbols Symbolic representation, for example, A = {1, 2, 3}.

3. list subsets of a given set;

Subsets
Number of subsets of a set with n elements.
Sets

Intersection 4. Determine elements in intersections, unions and complements of sets; 1 wk

Union Intersection and union of not more than three sets. Apply the result
compliments n ( A ∪ B )=n ( A )+ n ( B ) −n ( A ∩B ) .

5. Describe relationships among sets using set notation and symbols;

Relationship
s among sets Universal, complement, subsets, equal and equivalent sets, intersection,
disjoint sets and union of sets.
Construction 6. Construct Venn diagrams to represent relationships among sets;
of Venn
Diagrams Not more than 4 sets including the universal set.

Solve 7. Solve problems involving the use of Venn diagrams;

Problems
using Venn 8. Solve problems in Number Theory, Algebra and Geometry using
Diagrams concepts in Set Theory.

Conversion 1. Convert units of length, mass, area, volume, capacity;

of Units Refer to Sec 1, SO9.
Measurement

2. Use the appropriate SI unit of measure for area, volume, capacity,

mass, temperature and time (24-hour clock) and other derived
Use of quantities;
SI Units
Refer to Sec 1, SO9.

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Perimeter of 3. Calculate the perimeter of a polygon, a circle, and a combination of

Polygons polygons and circles;
Measures of length, perimeters of polygons and circles

Length of an 4. Calculate the length of an arc of a circle;

Arc Perimeter of sector of a circle

5. Estimate the area of irregularly shaped plane figures;

Regular and irregular shaped plane figures
Area of:
Polygons 6. Calculate the area of polygons, a circle and any combination of these;
Circles
Sectors 7. Calculate the area of a sector of a circle;
Segments
triangles 8. Calculate the area of a triangle;
Use of formulae. Including given two sides and included angle.
Measurement

9. Calculate the area of a segment of a circle;

2
10. Calculate the surface area of solids; wks
Surface
Areas Prism including cube and cuboid, cylinder, right pyramid, cone and
sphere Surface area of Sphere, A=4 π r 2

11. Calculate the volume of solids;

Prism including cube and cuboid, cylinder, right pyramid, cone and
Volume
4 2
sphere. Volume of sphere, V = πr
3
Time, Speed,
12. Solve problems involving time, distance and speed;
Distance

Margin of 13. Estimate the margin of error for a given measurement;

Error Sources of error. Maximum and minimum measurements
Distance and 14. Use maps and scale drawings to determine distances and areas;
Areas using
Maps (Link to Geography)

15. Solve problems involving measurement.

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Sample and 1. Differentiate between sample and population attributes;

Population Discrete and continuous variables. Ungrouped and grouped data.

Frequency 2. Construct a frequency table for a given set of data;

Tables Ungrouped and grouped data.

Class 3. Determine class features for a given set of data;

Features Class interval, class boundaries, class limits, class midpoint, class width.

4. Construct statistical diagrams;

Statistical
Pie charts, bar charts, line graphs, histograms with bars of equal width
Diagrams
and frequency polygons.

Trends and 5. Interpret statistical diagrams;

Patterns Trends and patterns.
Statistics

6. Determine measures of central tendency for raw, ungrouped and 2

Measures of grouped data; wks
Central
tendency Mean, median and mode using diagrams to approximate the mode and
median for grouped data.

7. Determine when it is most appropriate to use the mean, median and

Averages
mode as the average for a set of data;

8. Determine the measures of dispersion (spread) for raw, ungrouped

Measures of and grouped data;
Dispersion
Range, interquartile range and semi-interquartile range

Standard 9. Use standard deviation to compare sets of data;

Deviation No calculation of the standard deviation will be required.

Cumulative 10. Draw cumulative frequency curve (Ogive);

Frequency
Graph Appropriate scales for axes. Class boundaries as domain.

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Form 4 ___ Term 1
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AND TOPICS SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND CONTENT/EXPLANATORY NOTES LESSONS
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Averages 11. Use statistical diagrams;

Measures of Mean, mode, median, range, quartiles, interquartile range, semi-

Dispersion interquartile range.

Proportion/ 12. Determine the proportion or percentage of the sample above or

Percentage below a given value from raw data, table or cumulative frequency
Of Sample curve;
Statistics

13. Identify the sample space for simple experiment; 1 wk

Sample
Space Including the use of coins, dice and playing cards.

14. Determine experimental and theoretical probabilities of simple

Probability
events;

15. Make inference(s) from statistics.

Inferences
Raw data, tables, diagrams

1. Use symbols to represent numbers, operations, variables and

Use of relations;
Symbols
Symbolic representation.
Algebraic
2. Translate between statements expressed algebraically and verbally
Expressions
Directed
3. Perform arithmetic operations involving directed numbers;
Numbers
Basic 2
Algebra

4. Perform the four basic operations with algebraic expressions;

Operations wks

5. Substitute numbers for algebraic symbols in simple algebraic

Substitution
expressions;
Binary
6. Perform binary operations (other than the four basic ones);
Operations
Factorization
7. Apply the distributive law to factorise or expand algebraic expressions;
Distributive For example, x(a+b) = ax+bx and (a+b)(x+y) = ax+bx+ay+by.
Law

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Form 4 ___ Term 1
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AND TOPICS SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND CONTENT/EXPLANATORY NOTES LESSONS
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1. Explain concepts relating to geometry;

Concepts Point, line, parallel lines, intersecting lines and perpendicular lines, line
segment, ray, curve, plane, types of angles, face, edge, vertex.

Drawing
Angles and 2. Draw and measure angles and line segments accurately using
Line appropriate geometrical instruments;
Segments

3. Construct lines, angles, and polygons using appropriate geometrical

instruments;
Lines Parallel and perpendicular lines. Triangles, quadrilaterals, regular and
Angles irregular polygons.
Polygons
Angles to be constructed include 30, 45, 60, 90, 120.
Geometry

2
wks
4. Identify the type(s) of symmetry possessed by a given plane figure;
Symmetry
Line(s) of symmetry, rotational symmetry, order of rotational symmetry.

5. Solve geometric problems using properties of:

(a) lines, angles, and polygons; (b) circles;
Geometric (c) congruent triangles; (d) similar figures;
problems (e) faces, edges and vertices of solids; (f) classes of solids;

Properties of Vertically opposite angles, alternate angles, adjacent angles,

Lines, circles corresponding angles, co-interior angles, angles at a point,
angles, complementary angles, supplementary angles. Parallel lines and
polygons transversals. Equilateral, right, and isosceles triangles.
and Solids
Square, rectangle, rhombus, kite, parallelogram, trapezium.
Prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones, sphere.

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TOPICS SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND CONTENT/EXPLANATORY NOTES LESSONS
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Algebraic
8. Simplify algebraic fractions;
Fractions
9. Use the laws of indices to manipulate expressions with integral
indies;
+ ¿¿
For m ∈ Z, n∈ Z and ∈ Z .

(i) x m × x n=x m+ n
Laws of x
m
m −n
Indices (ii) n =x
x
n
(iii)( x m ) =x mn
Algebra

1 2
−m
(iv) x = m wks
x
Linear
Equations 10. Solve linear equations in one unknown;

Simultaneous
11. Solve simultaneous linear equations, in two unknowns algebraically;
Equations

Linear
12. Solve a simple linear inequality in one unknown;
Inequality

Subject of 13. Change the subject of formulae;

Formulae Including those involving roots and powers.

1. Explain concepts associated with relations;

Concepts Concept of a relation, types of relation, examples and non-examples of
Relations Functions and Graphs

relations, domain, range, image, codomain.

Representing 2. Represent a relation in various ways;

a Relation Set of ordered pairs, arrow diagrams, graphically, algebraically.
1 wk
Definition of 3. State the characteristics that define a function;
a Function Concept of a function, examples and non-examples of functions.

4. Use functional notation;

Functional
Notation For example f: x  x 2; or f(x) = x 2 as well as y = f(x) for given domains.

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Form 4 ___ Term 2
STRA SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND CONTENT/EXPLANATORY NOTES
TOPICS LESSONS
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5. Distinguish between a relation and a function;
Relation and
Function Ordered pairs, arrow diagram, graphically (vertical line test).

Concept and 6. Draw graphs of linear functions;

Type of Concept of linear function, types of linear function
Linear (y = c; x = k; y = mx + c; where m, c and k are real numbers).
Functions
Relations Functions and Graphs

7. Determine the intercepts of the graph of linear functions;

Intercepts x-intercepts and y-intercepts, graphically and algebraically.

2
8. Determine the gradient of a straight line; wks
Gradient
Definition of a gradient.

9. Determine the equation of a straight line;

Equation of The graph of the line.

Straight The co-ordinates of two points on the line.
Lines The gradient and one point on the line.
One point on the line and its relationship to another line.

Solving 10. Solve problems involving the gradient of parallel and perpendicular
Problems lines
6. Represent translations in the plane using vectors;
Vectors
Column matrix notation ( xy ).
Geometry an Trigonometry

Translation 7. Determine and represent the location of :

(a) the image of an object;
Reflection (b) an object given the image under a transformation;
1 wk
Rotation A translation in the plane; a reflection in a line in that plane; a rotation
about a point (the centre of rotation) in that plane; an enlargement or
enlargement reduction in that plane.

Object and 8. identify the relationship between an object and its image in the plane
image after a geometric transformation;
relationship Similarity; Congruency.

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Form 4 ___ Term 2
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TOPICS SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES/CONTENT/EXPLANATORY NOTES LESSONS
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Description: 9. Describe a transformation given an object and its image;
Translation
Reflection A translation in the plane; a reflection in a line in that plane; a rotation
Rotation about a point (the centre of rotation) through an angle in the plane; an
Geometry and Trigonometry

enlargement enlargement or reduction in that plane about a centre.

10. locate the image of a set of points under a combination of

1 wk
transformations;
Location of
Image Combination of any two of :
(a) enlargement/reduction; (c) rotation;
(b) translation; (d) reflection.

Object and
11. State the relation between an object and its image as the result of a
Image
combination of two transformations;
relationship

1. Explain concepts associated with vectors;

Concepts
Concept of a vector, magnitude, direction, line segment, scalar.

Addition 2. Perform addition and subtraction of vectors, and multiplication of a

Subtraction vector by a scalar;
Multiplying Triangle law, or parallelogram laws; Vector algebra.
Vectors and Matrices

3. Express a point P (a, b) as a position vector where O is the origin (0,0); 2

Position wks
Vectors Displacement and position vectors; co-ordinates in the x-y plane to
identify and determine displacement and position vectors.

Magnitude 4. Determine the magnitude of a vector;

of Vectors Including unit vectors.

Problems in 5. Use vectors to solve problems in Geometry;

Geometry Points in a straight line. Parallel lines

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TOPICS SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES/CONTENT/EXPLANATORY NOTES LESSONS
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14. Factorise algebraic expressions;

2 2 2 2
a −b ; a ±2 ab +b
Factorization
ax +bx +ay + by
2
a x +bx +c where a, b, and c are integers and a≠0.
3
Algebra

Quadratic
15. Solve quadratic equations; wks
Equations

16. Solve word problems;

Worded
Problems Linear equation, Linear inequalities, two simultaneous linear
equations, quadratic equations.

Quadratic/ 17. Solve a pair of equations in two variables when one equation is
Nonlinear quadratic or nonlinear and the other linear;
Equations

Magnitude 11. Determine from co-ordinates on a line segment:

Length (a) the length; (b) the co-ordinates of the midpoint;
Mid-point The concept of magnitude or length, concept of midpoint.
Linear
12. Solve graphically a system of two linear equations in two variables;
Equations
Representing
Relations Functions and Graphs

13. Represent the solution of linear inequalities in one variable using:

Linear (a) set notation;
Inequalities (b) the number line;
(c) graph;
Graph of 3
Linear wks
14. Draw a graph to represent a linear inequality in two variables;
Inequality
Linear 15. Use linear programming techniques to solve graphically problems
programming involving two variables;

16. Derive the composite of functions;

Composition Composite function of no more than two functions, for example, fg, f2
Functions given f and g.

Non-commutativity of composite functions (fg≠gf).

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Form 4 ___ Term 3
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TOPICS SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES/CONTENT/EXPLANATORY NOTES LESSONS
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Pythagoras’
12. Use Pythagoras’ theorem to solve problems;
Theorem

13. Define the trigonometric ratios of acute angles in a right- angled

Geometry and Trigonometry

triangle;

Trigonometry Sine, Cosine, Tangent; Pythagoras’ Theorem

2
Angle of wks
14. Relate objects in the physical world to geometric objects;
elevation
Angle of elevation, angle of depression, bearing
Angle of
Depression 15. Define the trigonometric ratios of the right angled triangle;
Practical geometry and scale drawing, angles of elevation and
depression.

6. Explain concepts associated with matrices;

Concepts
Concept of a matrix, row, column, square, identity rectangular, order.

Addition 7. Perform addition, subtraction and multiplication of conformable

Vectors and Matrices

Subtraction matrices and multiplication of matrices by a scalar;

multiplication Non-commutativity of matrix multiplication
2
wks
8. Evaluate the determinant of a ‘2 x 2’ matrix;
Determinant
9. Define the multiplicative inverse of a ‘2 x 2’ matrix;
Inverse
Identity for the ‘2 x 2’.

Solving
Problems 10. Solve problems involving a ‘2 x 2’ singular matrix;

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Proof 18. Prove two algebraic expressions to be identical;

Algebra

2
Direct and 19. Represent direct and inverse variation symbolically;
wks
Inverse
Variation 20. Solve problems involving direct variation and inverse variation.

17. State the relationship between a function and its inverse;

Inverse of The concept of the inverse of a function; ff–1
Functions
18. Derive the inverse of a function; f–1, (fg)–1

Composite 19. Evaluate f(a), f–1(a), fg(a);

Functions Where a.

20. Use and draw graphs of a quadratic function to identify features of

Relations, Functions and Graphs

Graph of The function:

Quadratic (a) the elements of the domain that have a given image;
Functions (b) the image of a given element in the domain;
(c) the maximum or minimum value of the function;
2
(d) the equation of the axis of symmetry;
wks
Draw and interpret graphs of a quadratic function to determine:
(e) the interval of the domain for which the elements of the range
may be greater than or less than a given point;
(f) an estimate of the value of the gradient at a given point;
(g) intercepts of the function;

Concepts of gradient of a curve at a point, tangent, turning point.

Roots of the equation.

Interpreting
Graphs of
Quadratic 21. Determine the axis of symmetry, maximum or minimum value of a
Functions Quadratic function expressed in the form a(x + h)2 + k;
Optional Specific Objective

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Form 5 ___ Term 1
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TOPICS SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES/CONTENT/EXPLANATORY NOTES LESSONS
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Roots of
Quadratic 22. Sketch graph of quadratic function expressed in the form a(x+h) 2 + k
Functions And determine number of roots;
Relations, Functions and Graphs

Optional Specific Objective

23. Draw graphs of linear and non-linear functions;

Linear and
Optional Specific Objective
non-linear 1
Functions n
y=ax where n = -1,-2 and +3. wk

Distance, Including distance-time and speed-time.

Time graphs
24. Interpret graphs of functions
Speed-Time
Optional Specific Objective including distance-time graphs and speed-
Graphs
time graphs Ref. to Sec. 6, S.O. 12

16. Use the sine and cosine rules in the solution of problems involving
Sine and triangles
Cosine Rules

17. Solve problems involving bearings;

Relative position of two points given the bearing of one point with
respect to the other; bearing of one point relative to another point
given the position of the points.
Bearings
Geometry and Trigonometry

18. Solve geometric problems using properties of circles and circle

theorems.
The angle which an arc of a circle subtends at the centre of a circle is
3
twice the angle it subtends at any point on the remaining part of the
wks
circumference.
The angle in a semicircle is a right angle.
Angles in the same segment of a circle and subtended by the same arc
are equal.
The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.
The exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to the interior
opposite angle.
A tangent of a circle is perpendicular to the radius of that circle at the
point of contact.

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AN TOPIC SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES/CONTENT/EXPLANATORY NOTES LESSONS
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The lengths of two tangents from an external point to the points of

contact on the circle are equal.
Geometry and
trigonometry

Circle The angle between a tangent to a circle and a chord through the point
Theorems of contact is equal to the angle in the alternate segment.
The line joining the centre of a circle to the midpoint of a chord is
perpendicular to the chord.

Determinant 11. Obtain the inverse of a nonsingular ‘2 x 2’ matrix;

Adjoint Determinant and adjoint of a matrix.

12. Determine a ‘2 x 2’ matrix associated with specified transformations;

Transformation which is equivalent to the composition of two liner
transformations in a plane (where the origin remains fixed); determine
a ‘2 x 2’ matrix representation of the single transformation which is
equivalent to the composition of two linear transformations in a plane
(where the origin remains fixed);
Transformation
(a) Reflection in; the x-axis, y-axis;
Vectors and Matrices

Matrices
(i) line y = x; and line y = –x.
(b) Rotation in a clockwise and anticlockwise direction about the origin;
2wks
(i) The general rotation matrix;
(c) Enlargement/Reduction with centre the origin;
(d) Combination of any TWO of Translation, Enlargement/Reduction,
Reflection and Rotation.

13. Use matrices to solve simple problems in Arithmetic, Algebra and

Geometry .
Simultaneous
Use of matrices to solve linear simultaneous equations with two
Equations
unknowns.
Matrices of order greater than ‘m x n’ will not be set, where
m ≤ 4 , n≤ 4 .

16