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Triangle Properties and Formulas

The document discusses properties and formulas related to triangles, percentages, profit and loss, and geometry shapes. It defines key terms, properties, and formulas for calculating areas and perimeters of triangles, circles, squares, rectangles, parallelograms, semicircles, and quadrants.

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Mighty Mayukh
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30 views5 pages

Triangle Properties and Formulas

The document discusses properties and formulas related to triangles, percentages, profit and loss, and geometry shapes. It defines key terms, properties, and formulas for calculating areas and perimeters of triangles, circles, squares, rectangles, parallelograms, semicircles, and quadrants.

Uploaded by

Mighty Mayukh
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Triangle Properties

The properties of the triangle are:

● The sum of all the angles of a triangle (of all types) is equal to 180°.
● The sum of the length of the two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of
the third side.
● In the same way, the difference between the two sides of a triangle is less than the
length of the third side.
● The side opposite the greater angle is the longest side of all the three sides of a
triangle.
● The exterior angle of a triangle is always equal to the sum of the interior opposite
angles. This property of a triangle is called an exterior angle property.
● Two triangles are said to be similar if their corresponding angles of both triangles
are congruent and the lengths of their sides are proportional.
● Area of a triangle = ½ × Base × Height
● The perimeter of a triangle = sum of all its three sides

Triangle Formula

● Area of a triangle is the region occupied by a triangle in a two-dimensional plane.


The dimension of the area is square units. The formula for area is given by;

Area = 1/2 x Base x Height

● The perimeter of a triangle is the length of the outer boundary of a triangle. To


find the perimeter of a triangle we need to add the length of the sides of the
triangle.

P=a+b+c

● Semi-perimeter of a triangle is half of the perimeter of the triangle. It is


represented by s.
s = (a + b + c)/2

where a, b and c are the sides of the triangle.

● By Heron’s formula, the area of the triangle is given by:

A = √[s(s – a)(s – b)(s – c)]

where ‘s’ is the semi-perimeter of the triangle.

● By the Pythagorean theorem, the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle can be


calculated by the formula:

2 2 2
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 + 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟

Comparing Quantities:

Prices related to an item


● Prices related to an item are: (i) Selling price
(ii) Cost price
● Selling price (SP) is the price at which a product is sold out.
● Cost price (CP) is the buying price of an item.
● Profit = Selling price – Cost price
● Loss = Cost price – Selling price
● If SP > CP , then it is profit.
● If SP = CP , then it is neither profit nor loss.
● If CP > SP , then it is a loss.
● Increase Price (I) is the price by which a product’s price is increased.
● Decrease Price (D) is the price by which a product’s price is decreased.

Finding the percentages and some formulas

● Profit Percentage = (P/CP)x100


● Loss Percentage = (L/CP)x100
● Increase (N>O) = New Value - Original Value
● Decrease (O>N) = Original Value - New Value
● Increase Percentage = (I / Original Value) x 100
● Decrease Percentage = (D / Original Value) x 100

Important Formulas (Profit and Loss)

1) If there is a gain:
a) Find SP when CP and P% are given: SP = P% of CP + CP
b) FInd CP when SP and P% are given: CP = [100/(100+P%)] x SP
2) If there is a loss
a) Find SP when CP and L% is given: CP = [100/(100-L%)] x SP
b) Find CP when SP and L% is given: CP = 100/(100-L%) x SP

Important Formulas (Increase and Decrease)

1) If there is a increase:
a. Find Original Value when New Value and I% are given:
Original Value = 100/(100+I%) x New value
2) If there is a decrease:
a. Find Original Value when New value and Decrease Percentage is given;
Original Value = 100/(100-D%) x New Value

Important Formulas (Simple Interest)

1) P = Principal amount of money (initial money, usually in rs).


2) T = Time money is invested for. (usually in years)
3) R = Interest Rates (usually per annum.)
4) SI = Simple Interest (Profit / Extra money earned, in rs) = [(P x R x T)/100]
5) A = Exit Amount (Money given back with interest, in rs) = P + SI

Perimeter and Area (Formulas)


Shape Area Perimeter Terms

Circle A = π × r^2 Circumference = r = radius of the circle


2πr

Triangle A=½×b×h S = a+b+c b = base

h = height

a,b and c are the sides of


the triangle

Square A = a2 P = 4a a = length of side

Rectangle A=l×w P = 2(l + w) l = length

w = width

Parallelogram A=b×h P = 2(a+b) a = side

b=base

h=vertical height

Semi-Circle A = ( π × r^2)/2 P= π×r r = radius of the circle


Quadrant (of a A = ( π × r^2)/4 P = (π × r)/2 r = radius of the circle
circle)

Ring (formed A = 𝐴1 − 𝐴2 None 𝐴1 = Area of larger circle


by two circles
with same 𝐴2 = Area of smaller circle
center)

Common questions

Powered by AI

Profit occurs when the selling price (SP) is greater than the cost price (CP), calculated by SP - CP, whereas a loss occurs when CP > SP, calculated by CP - SP. The profit percentage is calculated as (P/CP)x100, while the loss percentage is (L/CP)x100, allowing for standardization across different scenarios .

The selling price (SP) can be determined when a product is sold at a profit using the formula SP = P% of CP + CP, where P% is the profit percentage and CP is the cost price . This calculation accounts for the desired profit margin added to the initial cost.

In Heron's formula, the semi-perimeter 's' is crucial as it is part of the expression A = √[s(s – a)(s – b)(s – c)] to find the area of a triangle . This component simplifies the formula, uniting the operations to calculate the area directly from side lengths, thereby avoiding repetitive calculations.

Two triangles are considered similar if their corresponding angles are congruent and the lengths of their corresponding sides are proportional . This ensures that the triangles have the same shape but not necessarily the same size.

The triangle inequality principle states that for any three side lengths to form a triangle, the sum of the lengths of any two sides must be greater than the length of the third side. If this condition fails for any combination of the sides, a triangle cannot be formed . This principle ensures geometric feasibility and prevents mathematical inconsistencies in triangle formation.

The Pythagorean theorem is applicable in right-angled triangles to determine the length of the hypotenuse or one of the legs if the lengths of the other two sides are known. It is effectively used when the angles other than the right angle are not easily calculated or provided .

The original value can be computed by using the formula Original Value = 100/(100+I%) x New Value, where I% is the percentage increase . This formula backtracks from the new value to determine the initial costing before the price rise.

The area of a triangle using the base-height formula is A = ½ × Base × Height . This method is most effective for triangles where a perpendicular height can be easily measured from a vertex to its opposite base, typically right or equilateral triangles, providing a straightforward linear calculation for area in two-dimensional space.

The exterior angle property of a triangle states that the exterior angle is equal to the sum of the two non-adjacent interior angles . This relationship helps in determining unknown angle measures in a triangle when the measure of an exterior angle is known.

Heron's formula for the area of a triangle is A = √[s(s – a)(s – b)(s – c)], where 's' is the semi-perimeter, calculated as (a + b + c)/2 . This formula is particularly useful when the lengths of all three sides are known, eliminating the need to calculate the height separately, which can be difficult in scalene triangles.

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