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Solving Linear Equations in Class 10

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19 views4 pages

Solving Linear Equations in Class 10

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ks3312457
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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REMAL PUBLIC SCHOOL

CLASS: 10

Chapter 3
Pair of Linear equations in two variables

Algebraic Methods of Solving a Pair of Linear Equations

To find the solution to pair of linear equations, graphical method may not always give
the most accurate solutions. Especially, when the point representing the solution has
non-integral coordinates like

( ) or .

There are two algebraic methods that can be used to solve a pair of linear equations
namely (1)
Substitution method (2) Elimination method

Substitution method:
The first step to solve a pair of linear equations by the substitution method is to solve
one equation for either of the variables. The choice of equation or variable in a given
pair does not affect the solution for the pair of equations.
In the next step, we’ll substitute the resultant value of one variable obtained in the other
equation and solve for the other variable.
In the last step, we can substitute the value obtained of the variable in any one equation
to find the value of the second variable.

Elimination method:
Step 1: Multiply the equations with suitable non-zero constants, so that the coefficients of
one variable in both equations become equal.
Step 2: Subtract one equation from another, to eliminate the variable with equal
coefficients. Step 3: Solve for the remaining variable.
Step 4: Substitute the obtained value of the variable in one of the equations and solve for
the second variable.

MLP

Q1. Solve for x and y using Elimination method :

x/a + y/b= 2
a x - b y = a2 – b2

Q2. A fraction becomes 4/5 when three is added both to numerator and denominator and
when five is added to both numerator and denominator it becomes 9/11, then find the
fraction.

Q3. For what value of k, will the system of equations


4x + ky +8 = 0
2x + 2y +2 = 0 have i) unique solution? ii) No
solution? Q4. Solve graphically the given system of
equations : x - 5y = 10
3x + 6y = 12

Q5. Solve: 141x + 103y = 217; 103x + 141y = 27

HLP

Q1. Students are made to stand in rows. If one student is extra in a row there would be 2
rows less. If one student is less in a row there would be 3 rows more. Find the number of
students in the class.

Ans: No. of rows be y


Let the number of students be x
Number of students in the class will be = xy

One student extra, 2 rows less


(x + 1) (y – 2) = xy

xy – 2x + y -2 = xy
-(-2x + y -2) = 0
+2x – y = -2 ----------- (1)

One student less, three more rows


(x - 1) (y + 3) = xy

xy + 3x - y -3 = xy
3x - y = 3 ----------------- (2)
From (1) & (2)
2x – y = -2 X 3
3x - y = 3 X -2
Solve it , to get … y = 12 and x = 5
∴ Number of student = xy
= 12 X 5
= 60 students

Q2. Solve the following linear equations:

(a) x-y=1=0

3x=2y-12=0

(b) 3x-15y=7

14
2x-10y=
3

(c) ax + by – c² = 0

a²x + b²y – c² = 0.

Q3. A train covered a certain distance at a uniform speed. If the train would have been
6km/hr faster, it would have taken 4 hours less than the scheduled time and if the train
were slower by 6km/hr, it would have taken 6 hours more than the scheduled time. Find
the distance of the journey.
Ans: Let the speed of the train by x km/hr
And the time taken by it by y
Now distance traveled by it is x x y = xy

ATQ:
I--- (x + 6) (y - 4) = xy
4x – 6y = -24
=> 2x – 3y = -12 ------------(1)
II --- (x - 6) (y+ 6) = xy
6x – 6y= 36
=> x– y= 6 ------------ (2)

Solving for x and y we get y = 24, x = 30

So the distance =30 × 24


= 720 km

Q4. Find the value of p and q for which the system of equations represent coincident
lines
2x+3y=7

(p+q+1)x + (p+2q+2)y= 4(p+q) +1 (Ans: p=3, q=2)

Q5. A two-digit number is obtained by either multiplying the sum of digits by 8 and then
subtracting 5 or by multiplying the difference of digits by 16 and adding 3. Find the
number.

Q6. A man travels 600 km partly by train and partly by car. If he covers 400 km by train
and the rest by car, it takes him 6 hours and 30 minutes. But if he travels 200 km by train
and the rest by car, he takes half an hour longer. Find the speed of the train and that of
the car.

Q7. Graphically, solve the following pair of equations:

2x + y = 6, 2x - y + 2 = 0.

Find the ratio of the areas of the two triangles formed by the lines representing these
equations with the x-axis and the lines with the y-axis.

Q8. Determine, graphically, the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines.

3x-y=3, 2x-3y = 2, x + 2y = 8

Q9. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically:

5x6y+30=0, 5x + 4y-20 = 0.

Also find the vertices of the triangles formed by the above two lines and x-axis.

Common questions

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Exploring different solution types—unique, none, infinite—can delve into concepts like linear independence, rank, determinant of matrices, and consistency relations. It teaches the inherent nature of systems: consistency ensures solutions exist (unique or infinite), while inconsistencies (e.g., parallel lines) prevent solutions. This illustrates the precision needed in variable relationships to achieve solvability .

Using multiple methods—graphical, algebraic, application-based—enhances understanding by demonstrating different problem-solving angles and reinforcing concepts. Graphical methods visually clarify concepts, algebraic methods offer precision and logical processes, while real-world applications contextualize math practically. This multi-faceted approach fosters adaptability and deepens comprehension of mathematical principles .

Real-world scenarios, like travel times and speeds, use linear equations to model relationships and predict outcomes. They introduce complexities such as variable rates, changes in conditions (like speed adjustments), and the necessity for precise variable identification and equation alignment to reflect accurate scenarios. These factors complicate the setup but enrich problem-solving skills through real-world applications .

The configurations of lines offer insights into solution uniqueness: intersecting lines indicate a unique solution (the intersection point), parallel lines suggest no solution (lines never meet), and coincident lines denote infinitely many solutions (lines overlap entirely). These geometrical properties directly reflect the algebraic outcomes of equations in terms of consistency and dependency .

When coefficients or constants are fractions or complex values, the elimination method can involve cumbersome arithmetic, requiring careful manipulation of fractional multipliers. This increases the risk of calculation errors and complicates the process of equalizing coefficients for elimination, contrasting with the straightforward multiplication and subtraction in simpler cases .

The substitution method involves solving one of the linear equations for one variable and substituting that expression into the other equation. This process transforms the two-variable problem into a single-variable equation which is easier to solve. It ensures accuracy in solutions with non-integral coordinates by providing exact values, avoiding the approximation errors that can occur in graphical methods .

The substitution method involves solving one equation for one variable and substituting it into the other to find the solution, whereas the elimination method involves manipulating the equations to cancel out one variable, allowing the other to be solved directly. The substitution method can be more straightforward when one equation is easily solvable for one variable, while the elimination method is beneficial when coefficients align for easy elimination. Elimination might be preferred for equations with complex or non-integer coefficients as it reduces errors in manipulation .

The elimination method involves the following steps: 1) Multiply equations by suitable constants to equalize the coefficients of one variable; 2) Subtract one equation from the other to eliminate that variable; 3) Solve for the remaining variable; 4) Use this solution in one of the original equations to find the other variable. This method provides algebraic accuracy and avoids graphical approximation errors, especially useful with non-integral solutions .

Geometrically, the intersection point of two lines represents the solution to the system of equations, corresponding to the values of variables that satisfy both equations simultaneously. Practical limitations include precision, as graphical solutions are subject to scale and drawing accuracy, and handling non-integer solutions accurately can be challenging without precise drafting tools .

The existence of multiple methods—graphical, substitution, elimination—highlights mathematics' adaptability and breadth. It reflects that different strategies suit various problem contexts, emphasizing critical thinking in selecting the most efficient or accurate one. This diversity enables tailored approaches, accommodating diverse equation types and solution requirements, ultimately enriching mathematical problem-solving .

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