2. Application of Act.

–(1) The provisions of this Act relating to land acquisition, compensation, rehabilitation
and resettlement, shall apply, when the appropriate Government acquires land for its own use, hold and
control, including for Public Sector Undertakings and for public purpose, and shall include the following
purposes, namely:— (a) for strategic purposes relating to naval, military, air force, and armed forces of the
Union, including central paramilitary forces or any work vital to national security or defence of India or State
police, safety of the people; or (b) for infrastructure projects, which includes the following, namely:— (i) all
activities or items listed in the notification of the Government of India in the Department of Economic Affairs
(Infrastructure Section) number 13/6/2009-INF, dated the 27th March, 2012, excluding private hospitals,
private educational institutions and private hotels; (ii) projects involving agro-processing, supply of inputs to
agriculture, warehousing, cold storage facilities, marketing infrastructure for agriculture and allied activities
such as dairy, fisheries, and meat processing, set up or owned by the appropriate Government or by a 1. The
word “except the State of Jammu and Kashmir omitted by Act 34 of 2019, s. 95, and the Fifth Schedule (w.e.f.
31-10- 2019). 2. 1st January 2014, vide notification No. 3729(E), dated 19th December, 2013, see Gazette of
India, Extraordinary, Part II, sec. 3(ii). 7 farmers’ cooperative or by an institution set up under a statute; (iii)
project for industrial corridors or mining activities, national investment and manufacturing zones, as
designated in the National Manufacturing Policy; (iv) project for water harvesting and water conservation
structures, sanitation; (v) project for Government administered, Government aided educational and research
schemes or institutions; (vi) project for sports, health care, tourism, transportation or space programme; (vii)
any infrastructure facility as may be notified in this regard by the Central Government and after tabling of such
notification in Parliament; (c) project for project affected families; (d) project for housing for such income
groups, as may be specified from time to time by the appropriate Government; (e) project for planned
development or the improvement of village sites or any site in the urban areas or provision of land for
residential purposes for the weaker sections in rural and urban areas; (f) project for residential purposes to the
poor or landless or to persons residing in areas affected by natural calamities, or to persons displaced or
affected by reason of the implementation of any scheme undertaken by the Government, any local authority or
a corporation owned or controlled by the State. (2) The provisions of this Act relating to land acquisition,
consent, compensation, rehabilitation and resettlement, shall also apply, when the appropriate Government
acquires land for the following purposes, namely:— (a) for public private partnership projects, where the
ownership of the land continues to vest with the Government, for public purpose as defined in sub-section (1);
(b) for private companies for public purpose, as defined in sub-section (1): Provided that in the case of
acquisition for— (i) private companies, the prior consent of at least eighty per cent, of those affected families,
as defined in sub-clauses (i) and (v) of clause (c) of section 3; and (ii) public private partnership projects, the
prior consent of at least seventy per cent. of those affected families, as defined in sub-clauses (i) and (v) of
clause (c) of section 3, shall be obtained through a process as may be prescribed by the appropriate
Government: Provided further that the process of obtaining the consent shall be carried out along with the
Social Impact Assessment study referred to in section 4: Provided also that no land shall be transferred by way
of acquisition, in the Scheduled Areas in contravention of any law (including any order or judgment of a court
which has become final) relating to land transfer, prevailing in such Scheduled Areas. (3) The provisions
relating to rehabilitation and resettlement under this Act shall apply in the cases where,— (a) a private
company purchases land, equal to or more than such limits in rural areas or urban areas, as may be prescribed
by the appropriate Government, through private negotiations with the owner of the land in accordance with the
provisions of section 46; (b) a private company requests the appropriate Government for acquisition of a part
of an area so prescribed for a public purpose: Provided that where a private company requests the appropriate
Government for partial acquisition of land for public purpose, then, the rehabilitation and resettlement
entitlements under 8 the Second Schedule shall be applicable for the entire area which includes the land
purchased by the private company and acquired by the Government for the project as a whole. explain and
make key points
ChatGPT
ChatGPT
The provided text appears to be an excerpt from a legal document or statute related to land acquisition,
compensation, rehabilitation, and resettlement. Here are the key points and explanations:
1. Applicability of the Act:
 The Act applies when the appropriate Government acquires land for its own use, including for Public
Sector Undertakings and public purposes.
 It includes purposes such as strategic defense, infrastructure projects, project-affected families,
housing for specified income groups, planned development, and improvement of village sites.
2. Infrastructure Projects:
 Infrastructure projects encompass various activities listed in a government notification, excluding
certain private entities like hospitals, educational institutions, and hotels.
 It includes projects related to agro-processing, supply of agriculture inputs, warehousing, cold storage,
industrial corridors, mining activities, water harvesting, sanitation, education, research, sports,
healthcare, tourism, transportation, and space programs.
3. Project Affected Families:
 The Act applies to projects that impact specific families, and there are provisions for their consent,
compensation, rehabilitation, and resettlement.
4. Housing Projects:
 The Act covers projects related to housing for specific income groups, planned development, and land
provision for residential purposes for weaker sections in both rural and urban areas.
5. Private Companies and Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs):
 The Act applies when the government acquires land for public-private partnership projects or for
private companies for public purposes.
 Consent requirements are specified for both private companies and PPP projects, with a prescribed
percentage of affected families needing to provide consent.
6. Consent and Social Impact Assessment:
 The Act mandates obtaining consent from affected families, and this process is to be conducted along
with a Social Impact Assessment study.
 In the case of private companies, at least eighty percent consent is required, and for PPP projects, at
least seventy percent consent is necessary.
7. Scheduled Areas:
 No land transfer through acquisition is allowed in Scheduled Areas in violation of any laws or court
orders related to land transfer in those areas.
8. Rehabilitation and Resettlement:
 The provisions related to rehabilitation and resettlement apply when a private company purchases land
through private negotiations or requests the government for acquisition for a public purpose.
9. Second Schedule Entitlements:
 If a private company requests partial acquisition for a public purpose, rehabilitation and resettlement
entitlements under the Second Schedule apply for the entire area, including both purchased and
acquired land.
This excerpt outlines the scope, purposes, and procedures governing land acquisition, compensation, and
rehabilitation in various contexts.

You
can you make out the object and application of the act?
ChatGPT
ChatGPT
Certainly, based on the provided text, I can infer the object and application of the act:

Object of the Act: The object of the act is to regulate and provide a legal framework for the acquisition of
land by the government for its own use, including purposes related to defense, infrastructure projects, housing,
and other public purposes. Additionally, the act aims to establish procedures for compensation, rehabilitation,
and resettlement of individuals or families affected by such land acquisition.
 Application of the Act: The act applies in the following scenarios:

1. Government Land Acquisition:

 The act applies when the appropriate government acquires land for its own use, control, or for public
sector undertakings.
 This includes purposes such as defense (naval, military, air force), infrastructure projects, housing,
and other public purposes.
2. Infrastructure Projects:
 Infrastructure projects, as defined by the government, fall under the purview of the act. This includes a
wide range of activities related to agriculture, industry, water conservation, sanitation, education,
research, sports, healthcare, tourism, transportation, and space programs.
3. Private Companies and Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs):
 The act is applicable when the government acquires land for public-private partnership projects or for
private companies for public purposes.
 Consent requirements from affected families are specified for both private companies and PPP
projects.
4. Rehabilitation and Resettlement:
 The provisions related to rehabilitation and resettlement apply in cases where private companies
purchase land through private negotiations or request the government for acquisition for a public
purpose.
5. Scheduled Areas:
 Special provisions exist regarding land acquisition in Scheduled Areas, ensuring compliance with laws
and court orders related to land transfer in those areas.
In summary, the act aims to regulate land acquisition by the government for various purposes, ensuring fair
compensation and rehabilitation for those affected. It covers a broad spectrum of activities, including defense,
infrastructure, and public-private partnerships, with a specific focus on protecting the rights of individuals and
communities impacted by such acquisitions.

You
3. Definition.–In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,— (a) “Administrator” means an officer
appointed for the purpose of rehabilitation and resettlement of affected families under sub-section (1) of
section 43; (b) “affected area” means such area as may be notified by the appropriate Government for the
purposes of land acquisition; (c) “affected family” includes— (i) a family whose land or other immovable
property has been acquired; (ii) a family which does not own any land but a member or members of such
family may be agricultural labourers, tenants including any form of tenancy or holding of usufruct right, share-
croppers or artisans or who may be working in the affected area for three years prior to the acquisition of the
land, whose primary source of livelihood stand affected by the acquisition of land; (iii) the Scheduled Tribes
and other traditional forest dwellers who have lost any of their forest rights recognised under the Scheduled
Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (2 of 2007) due to
acquisition of land; (iv) family whose primary source of livelihood for three years prior to the acquisition of
the land is dependent on forests or water bodies and includes gatherers of forest produce, hunters, fisher folk
and boatmen and such livelihood is affected due to acquisition of land; (v) a member of the family who has
been assigned land by the State Government or the Central Government under any of its schemes and such
land is under acquisition; (vi) a family residing on any land in the urban areas for preceding three years or
more prior to the acquisition of the land or whose primary source of livelihood for three years prior to the
acquisition of the land is affected by the acquisition of such land; (d) “agricultural land” means land used for
the purpose of— (i) agriculture or horticulture; 9 (ii) dairy farming, poultry farming, pisciculture, sericulture,
seed farming breeding of livestock or nursery growing medicinal herbs; (iii) raising of crops, trees, grass or
garden produce; and (iv) land used for the grazing of cattle; (e) “appropriate Government” means,— (i) in
relation to acquisition of land situated within the territory of, a State, the State Government; (ii) in relation to
acquisition of land situated within a Union territory (except Puducherry), the Central Government; (iii) in
relation to acquisition of land situated within the Union territory of Puducherry, the Government of Union
territory of Puducherry; (iv) in relation to acquisition of land for public purpose in more than one State, the
Central Government, in consultation with the concerned State Governments or Union territories; and (v) in
relation to the acquisition of land for the purpose of the Union as may be specified by notification, the Central
Government: Provided that in respect of a public purpose in a District for an area not exceeding such as may
be notified by the appropriate Government, the Collector of such District shall be deemed to be the appropriate
Government; (f) “Authority” means the Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation and Resettlement Authority
established under section 51; (g) “Collector” means the Collector of a revenue district, and includes a Deputy
Commissioner and any officer specially designated by the appropriate Government to perform the functions of
a Collector under this Act; (h) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner for Rehabilitation and Resettlement
appointed under sub-section (1) of section 44; (i) “cost of acquisition” includes— (i) amount of compensation
which includes solatium, any enhanced compensation ordered by the Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation and
Resettlement Authority or the Court and interest payable thereon and any other amount determined as payable
to the affected families by such Authority or Court; (ii) demurrage to be paid for damages caused to the land
and standing crops in the process of acquisition; (iii) cost of acquisition of land and building for settlement of
displaced or adversely affected families; (iv) cost of development of infrastructure and amenities at the
resettlement areas; (v) cost of rehabilitation and resettlement as determined in accordance with the provisions
of this Act; (vi) administrative cost,— (A) for acquisition of land, including both in the project site and out of
project area lands, not exceeding such percentage of the cost of compensation as may be specified by the
appropriate Government; (B) for rehabilitation and resettlement of the owners of the land and other affected
families whose land has been acquired or proposed to be acquired or other families affected by such
acquisition; (vii) cost of undertaking ‘Social impact Assessment study’; 10 (j) “company” means— (i) a
company as defined in section 3 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956) other than a Government company;
(ii) a society registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 (21 of 1860) or under any corresponding
law for the time being in force in a State; (k) “displaced family” means any family, who on account of
acquisition of land has to be relocated and resettled from the affected area to the resettlement area; (l) “entitled
to act”, in relation to a person, shall be deemed to include the following persons, namely:— (i) trustees for
other persons beneficially interested with reference to any such case, and that to the same extent as the person
beneficially interested could have acted if free from disability; (ii) the guardians of minors and the committees
or managers of lunatics to the same extent as the minors, lunatics or other persons of unsound mind
themselves, if free from disability, could have acted: Provided that the provisions of Order XXXII of the First
Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908) shall, mutatis mutandis, apply in the case of persons
interested appearing before a Collector or Authority by a next friend, or by a guardian for the case, in
proceedings under this Act; (m) “family” includes a person, his or her spouse, minor children, minor brothers
and minor sisters dependent on him: Provided that widows, divorcees and women deserted by families shall be
considered separate families. Explanation.—An adult of either gender with or without spouse or children or
dependents shall be considered as a separate family for the purposes of this Act; (n) “holding of land” means
the total land held by a person as an owner, occupant or tenant or otherwise; (o) “infrastructure project” shall
include any one or more of the items specified in clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 2; (p) “land” includes
benefits to arise out of land, and things attached to the earth or permanently fastened to anything attached to
the earth; (q) “landless” means such persons or class of persons who may be,— (i) considered or specified as
such under any State law for the time being in force; or (ii) in a case of landless not being specified under sub-
clause (i), as may be specified by the appropriate Government; (r) “land owner” includes any person,— (i)
whose name is recorded as the owner of the land or building or part thereof, in the records of the authority
concerned; or (ii) any person who is granted forest rights under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional
Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (2 of 2007) or under any other law for the time being
in force; or (iii) who is entitled to be granted Patta rights on the land under any law of the State including
assigned lands; or (iv) any person who has been declared as such by an order of the court or Authority; 11 (s)
“local authority” includes a town planning authority (by whatever name called) set up under any law for the
time being in force, a Panchayat as defined in article 243 and a Municipality as defined in article 243P, of the
Constitution; (t) “marginal farmer” means a cultivator with an un-irrigated land holding up to one hectare or
irrigated land holding up to one-half hectare; (u) “market value” means the value of land determined in
accordance with section 26; (v) “notification” means a notification published in the Gazette of India or, as the
 case may be, the Gazette of a State and the expression “notify” shall be construed accordingly; (w) “patta”
shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in the relevant Central or State Acts or rules or regulations made
thereunder; (x) “person interested” means— (i) all persons claiming an interest in compensation to be made on
account of the acquisition of land under this Act; (ii) the Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers,
who have lost any forest rights recognised under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers
(Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (2 of 2007); (iii) a person interested in an easement affecting the
land; (iv) persons having tenancy rights under the relevant State laws including share-croppers by whatever
name they may be called; and (v) any person whose primary source of livelihood is likely to be adversely
affected; (y) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under this Act; (z) “project” means a project for
which land is being acquired, irrespective of the number of persons affected; (za) “public purpose” means the
activities specified under sub-section (1) of section 2; (zb) “Requiring Body” means a company, a body
corporate, an institution, or any other organisation or person for whom land is to be acquired by the appropriate
Government, and includes the appropriate Government, if the acquisition of land is for such Government either
for its own use or for subsequent transfer of such land is for public purpose to a company, body corporate, an
institution, or any other organisation, as the case may be, under lease, licence or through any other mode of
transfer of land; (zc) “Resettlement Area” means an area where the affected families who have been displaced
as a result of land acquisition are resettled by the appropriate Government; (zd) “Scheduled Areas” means the
Scheduled Areas as defined in section 2 of the Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled
Areas) Act, 1996 (40 of 1996); (ze) “small farmer” means a cultivator with an un-irrigated land holding up to
two hectares or with an irrigated land holding up to one hectare, but more than the holding of a marginal
farmer. take out the definitions of affected family, Agricultural Land, Cost of Acquisition, Land, Landless,
Land owner, Person Interested, Requiring Body, and Resettlement Area and leave the rest. explain only these
and make key points for the same.
ChatGPT
ChatGPT
Certainly, let's focus on the definitions you've specified:

1. Affected Family:
 Definition: An affected family includes various categories of individuals or groups whose land or
livelihood is impacted by land acquisition. This encompasses landowners, agricultural laborers,
tenants, Scheduled Tribes, forest dwellers, and those dependent on forests or water bodies.
 Key Points:
 Includes those whose land is acquired, agricultural laborers, tenants, Scheduled Tribes losing
forest rights, and those dependent on forests or water bodies.
 Also covers families affected by the acquisition of land assigned by the government or
residing in urban areas.
2. Agricultural Land:
 Definition: Land used for agriculture, horticulture, dairy farming, poultry farming, pisciculture,
sericulture, seed farming, breeding of livestock, nursery growing, and grazing of cattle.
 Key Points:
 Encompasses various agricultural activities, including farming, livestock, and related
practices.
3. Cost of Acquisition:
 Definition: Includes compensation, solatium, enhanced compensation, interest, demurrage, land and
building acquisition costs for displaced families, development of infrastructure, rehabilitation and
resettlement costs, administrative costs, and the cost of the Social Impact Assessment study.
 Key Points:
 Encompasses a comprehensive range of costs associated with land acquisition, compensation,
and rehabilitation.
 Administrative costs are specified for acquisition and rehabilitation.
4. Land:
  Definition: Includes benefits arising from land, things attached to the earth, and things permanently
fastened to anything attached to the earth.
 Key Points:
 Extensive definition covering not only the physical land but also associated benefits and
attachments.
5. Landless:
 Definition: Individuals or classes of persons without land, either specified by state law or as
determined by the appropriate Government.
 Key Points:
 Includes those defined by state law as landless or as specified by the appropriate Government.
6. Land Owner:
 Definition: Includes individuals recorded as land or building owners, those granted forest rights, those
entitled to Patta rights, and those declared as such by an order of the court or Authority.
 Key Points:
 Encompasses various categories of individuals recognized as landowners.
7. Person Interested:
 Definition: Includes all persons claiming an interest in compensation, Scheduled Tribes losing forest
rights, those with easement rights, tenancy rights holders, and those whose primary livelihood is
adversely affected.
 Key Points:
 Broad definition covering various categories of individuals with an interest in compensation
or affected by the acquisition.
8. Requiring Body:
 Definition: Refers to a company, body corporate, institution, or person for whom land is acquired,
including the appropriate Government if the acquisition is for its use or subsequent transfer for public
purpose.
 Key Points:
 Encompasses entities or individuals for whom land is acquired, including the appropriate
Government.
9. Resettlement Area:
 Definition: An area where displaced families are resettled by the appropriate Government.
 Key Points:
 Designates an area where families affected by land acquisition are relocated and resettled.

You
11. Publication of preliminary notification and power of officers.–(1) Whenever, it appears to the appropriate
Government that land in any area is required or likely to be required for any public purpose, a notification
(hereinafter referred to as preliminary notification) to that effect along with details of the land to be acquired in
rural and urban areas shall be published in the following manner, namely:— (a) in the Official Gazette; (b) in
two daily newspapers circulating in the locality of such area of which one shall be in the regional language; (c)
in the local language in the Panchayat, Municipality or Municipal Corporation, as the case may be and in the
offices of the District Collector, the Sub-divisional Magistrate and the Tehsil; (d) uploaded on the website of
the appropriate Government; (e) in the affected areas, in such manner as may be prescribed. (2) Immediately
after issuance of the notification under sub-section (1), the concerned Gram Sabha or Sabhas at the village
level, municipalities in case of municipal areas and the Autonomous Councils in case of the areas referred to in
the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution, shall be informed of the contents of the notification issued under the
said sub-section in all cases of land acquisition at a meeting called especially for this purpose. (3) The
notification issued under sub-section (1) shall also contain a statement on the nature of the public purpose
involved, reasons necessitating the displacement of affected persons, summary of the Social Impact
Assessment Report and particulars of the Administrator appointed for the purposes of rehabilitation and
resettlement under section 43. (4) No person shall make any transaction or cause any transaction of land
 specified in the preliminary notification or create any encumbrances on such land from the date of publication
of such notification till such time as the proceedings under this Chapter are completed: Provided that the
Collector may, on the application made by the owner of the land so notified, exempt in special circumstances
to be recorded in writing, such owner from the operation of this subsection: Provided further that any loss or
injury suffered by any person due to his wilful violation of this provision shall not be made up by the
Collector. (5) After issuance of notice under sub-section (1), the Collector shall, before the issue of a
declaration under section 19, undertake and complete the exercise of updating of land records as prescribed
within a period of two months Make short bullet points in a good structure and do not leave any important
information
ChatGPT
ChatGPT
 Publication of Preliminary Notification:
 Objective: Whenever land is required for public purpose, the appropriate Government initiates the
acquisition process.
 Notification Content:
 Published in the Official Gazette.
 Published in two local newspapers, one in the regional language.
 Displayed in the local language at the Panchayat, Municipality, or Municipal Corporation
offices, as well as District Collector, Sub-divisional Magistrate, and Tehsil offices.
 Uploaded on the official website of the appropriate Government.
 Prescribed manner of publication in affected areas.
 Information Dissemination:
 Target Audience:
 Gram Sabha or Sabhas at the village level.
 Municipalities in municipal areas.
 Autonomous Councils in areas under the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution.
 Timing: Immediately after the preliminary notification.
 Method: Through meetings specifically called for this purpose.
 Content of Notification:
 Inclusion:
 Nature of the public purpose.
 Reasons for displacing affected persons.
 Summary of the Social Impact Assessment Report.
 Particulars of the Administrator appointed for rehabilitation and resettlement under section
43.
 Transaction Restrictions:
 Prohibition: No transactions or encumbrances on the specified land from the publication of the
preliminary notification until the completion of proceedings under this Chapter.
 Exemption: Collector may exempt the landowner from this prohibition under special circumstances,
with recorded justifications.
 Consequences: Loss or injury resulting from a willful violation of this prohibition is not compensable
by the Collector.
 Land Records Update:
 Timeline: Before issuing a declaration under section 19.
 Requirement: The Collector must complete the updating of land records as prescribed within two
months after the preliminary notification.
This section outlines the procedures and regulations related to the publication of preliminary notifications,
information dissemination, content requirements, transaction restrictions, and the timely update of land
records.
 You
12. Preliminary survey of land and power of officers to carry out survey.–For the purposes of enabling the
appropriate Government to determine the extent of land to be acquired, it shall be lawful for any officer, either
generally or specially authorised by such Government in this behalf, and for his servants and workmen,— (a)
to enter upon and survey and take levels of any land in such locality; (b) to dig or bore into the sub-soil; 17 (c)
to do all other acts necessary to ascertain whether the land is adapted for such purpose; (d) to set out the
boundaries of the land proposed to be taken and the intended line of the work (if any) proposed to be made
thereon; and (e) to mark such levels, boundaries and line by placing marks and cutting trenches and where
otherwise the survey cannot be completed and the levels taken and the boundaries and line marked, to cut
down and clear away any part of any standing crop, fence or jungle: Provided that no act under clauses (a) to
(e) in respect of land shall be conducted in the absence of the owner of the land or in the absence of any person
authorised in writing by the owner: Provided further that the acts specified under the first proviso may be
undertaken in the absence of the owner, if the owner has been afforded a reasonable opportunity to be present
during the survey, by giving a notice of at least sixty days prior to such survey: Provided also that no person
shall enter into any building or upon any enclosed court or garden attached to a dwelling-house (unless with
the consent of the occupier thereof) without previously giving such occupier at least seven days’ notice in
writing of his intention to do so. same as before
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ChatGPT
 Preliminary Survey Authority:
 Authorized Personnel:
 Officers authorized by the appropriate Government.
 Permitted Actions:
 Enter, survey, and take levels of land.
 Dig or bore into the sub-soil.
 Conduct acts necessary to determine land suitability.
 Set out boundaries and intended work lines.
 Mark levels, boundaries, and lines using markers and trenches.
 Clear land, including cutting down crops, fences, or jungle if necessary.
 Conditions for Action:
 Prohibited in the absence of the landowner or an authorized representative.
 Exceptions can be made if the owner has been given at least 60 days' notice and an
opportunity to be present during the survey.
 Entry into buildings or enclosed areas requires at least seven days' notice to the occupier or
consent.
 Owner's Presence:
 Requirement:
 No actions (a to e) should occur without the presence of the landowner or an authorized
representative unless specific conditions are met.
 Notice Period:
 At least 60 days' notice to the landowner for actions specified in the first proviso.
 Building or Enclosed Area Entry:
 Restrictions:
 No person can enter a building or enclosed area without consent unless a notice of at least
seven days has been provided to the occupier.
 Consent is required, and notice must be given in writing before entering a dwelling-house or
any enclosed court or garden.
This section outlines the powers granted to officers for conducting a preliminary survey of land, the actions
they are authorized to take, conditions for these actions, and requirements for the landowner's presence or
notice.
 You
13. Payment for damage.–The officer so authorised under section 12 shall at the time of entry under section 12
pay or tender payment for any damage caused, and, in case of dispute as to the sufficiency of the amount so
paid or tendered, he shall at once refer the dispute to the decision of the Collector or other chief revenue officer
of the district, and such decision shall be final. same as before
ChatGPT
ChatGPT
 Payment for Damage:
 Authorized Officer:
 Officer authorized under section 12.
 Timing of Payment:
 Payment or tender of payment for any damage must be made at the time of entry under
section 12.
 Resolution of Disputes:
 In case of a dispute regarding the sufficiency of the amount paid or tendered:
 The dispute is referred to the decision of the Collector or another chief revenue
officer of the district.
 The decision of the Collector or chief revenue officer is final.

You
15. Hearing of objections.–(1) Any person interested in any land which has been notified under sub-section (1)
of section 11, as being required or likely to be required for a public purpose, may within sixty days from the
date of the publication of the preliminary notification, object to— (a) the area and suitability of land proposed
to be acquired; (b) justification offered for public purpose; (c) the findings of the Social Impact Assessment
report. (2) Every objection under sub-section (1) shall be made to the Collector in writing, and the Collector
shall give the objector an opportunity of being heard in person or by any person authorised by him in this
behalf or by an Advocate and shall, after hearing all such objections and after making such further inquiry, if
any, as he thinks necessary, either make a report in respect of the land which has been notified under sub-
section (1) of section 11, or make different reports in respect of different parcels of such land, to the
appropriate Government, containing his recommendations on the objections, together with the record of the
proceedings held by him along with a separate report giving therein the approximate cost of land acquisition,
particulars as to the number of affected families likely to be resettled, for the decision of that Government. (3)
The decision of the appropriate Government on the objections made under sub-section (2) shall be final.
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 Objection Filing Period:
 Within sixty days from the date of the publication of the preliminary notification.
 Applicable to any person interested in the land notified under section 11(1) for a public purpose.
 Objection Grounds:
 Three permissible objections:
 The area and suitability of the land proposed for acquisition.
 The justification offered for public purpose.
 The findings of the Social Impact Assessment report.
 Objection Submission:
 Every objection must be in writing.
 Submitted to the Collector.
 Hearing Process:
 The Collector:
  Gives the objector an opportunity to be heard in person or by an authorized person or
advocate.
 Conducts a hearing after receiving objections.
 Makes a report on the land notified under section 11(1).
 Collector's Report:
 The Collector's report includes:
 Recommendations on the objections.
 Record of proceedings.
 Separate report indicating the approximate cost of land acquisition.
 Particulars on the number of affected families likely to be resettled.
 Government Decision:
 The appropriate Government makes the final decision based on the Collector's report.
 The decision is conclusive.
This section outlines the process for filing objections, the grounds for objections, the submission process, the
hearing procedure conducted by the Collector, the content of the Collector's report, and the final decision-
making authority of the appropriate Government.

You
16. Preparation of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme by the Administrator.–(1) Upon the publication of
the preliminary notification under sub-section (1) of section 11 by the Collector, the Administrator for
Rehabilitation and Resettlement shall conduct a survey and undertake a census of the affected families, in such
manner and within such time as may be prescribed, which shall include— 18 (a) particulars of lands and
immovable properties being acquired of each affected family; (b) livelihoods lost in respect of land losers and
landless whose livelihoods are primarily dependent on the lands being acquired; (c) a list of public utilities and
Government buildings which are affected or likely to be affected, where resettlement of affected families is
involved; (d) details of the amenities and infrastructural facilities which are affected or likely to be affected,
where resettlement of affected families is involved; and (e) details of any common property resources being
acquired. (2) The Administrator shall, based on the survey and census under sub-section (1), prepare a draft
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme, as prescribed which shall include particulars of the rehabilitation and
resettlement entitlements of each land owner and landless whose livelihoods are primarily dependent on the
lands being acquired and where resettlement of affected families is involved— (i) a list of Government
buildings to be provided in the Resettlement Area; (ii) details of the public amenities and infrastructural
facilities which are to be provided in the Resettlement Area. (3) The draft Rehabilitation and Resettlement
scheme referred to in sub-section (2) shall include time limit for implementing Rehabilitation and Resettlement
Scheme. (4) The draft Rehabilitation and Resettlement scheme referred to in sub-section (2) shall be made
known locally by wide publicity in the affected area and discussed in the concerned Gram Sabhas or
Municipalities. (5) A public hearing shall be conducted in such manner as may be prescribed, after giving
adequate publicity about the date, time and venue for the public hearing at the affected area: Provided that in
case where an affected area involves more than one Gram Panchayat or Municipality, public hearings shall be
conducted in every Gram Sabha and Municipality where more than twenty-five per cent. of land belonging to
that Gram Sabha or Municipality is being acquired: Provided further that the consultation with the Gram Sabha
in Scheduled Areas shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension
to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (40 of 1996). (6) The Administrator shall, on completion of public hearing
submit the draft Scheme for Rehabilitation and Resettlement along with a specific report on the claims and
objections raised in the public hearing to the Collector. same as before
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 Survey and Census by Administrator:
 Initiation: Upon the publication of the preliminary notification under section 11(1) by the Collector.
 Scope:
 Particulars of lands and immovable properties of affected families.
  Livelihoods lost for land losers and landless primarily dependent on the acquired lands.
 List of affected public utilities, Government buildings, amenities, infrastructural facilities, and
common property resources.
 Timeline and Manner: As prescribed by regulations.
 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme Preparation:
 Based on Survey:
 The Administrator prepares a draft Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme based on the
survey and census.
 Involves particulars of entitlements for each landowner and landless primarily dependent on
acquired lands.
 Lists Government buildings and public amenities to be provided in the Resettlement Area.
 Draft Contents:
 Time limit for implementing the Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme.
 Local Awareness and Discussion:
 Locally publicized in the affected area.
 Discussed in Gram Sabhas or Municipalities.
 Public Hearing:
 Conducted as prescribed.
 Adequate publicity provided about date, time, and venue.
 Multiple hearings in areas with more than one Gram Panchayat or Municipality.
 Special provisions for consultation in Scheduled Areas.
 Administrator's Actions:
 Completion of Public Hearing:
 On completion, the Administrator submits the draft Scheme along with a report on claims and
objections raised during the public hearing to the Collector.

You
17. Review of the Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme.–(1) The Collector shall review the draft Scheme
submitted under sub-section (6) of section 16 by the Administrator with the Rehabilitation and Resettlement
Committee at the project level constituted under section 45. (2) The Collector shall submit the draft
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme with his suggestions to the Commissioner Rehabilitation and
Resettlement for approval of the Scheme.
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 Review Process:
 Initiation: The Collector reviews the draft Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme submitted by the
Administrator under section 16(6).
 Committee Involvement:
 Review conducted in collaboration with the Rehabilitation and Resettlement Committee at the
project level, established under section 45.
 Collector's Role:
 Submits the draft Scheme along with suggestions to the Commissioner for Rehabilitation and
Resettlement.
 Approval Authority:
 The Commissioner Rehabilitation and Resettlement is responsible for approving the Scheme.

You
19. Publication of declaration and summary of Rehabilitation and Resettlement.–(1) When the appropriate
Government is satisfied, after considering the report, if any, made under sub-section (2) of section 15, that any
 particular land is needed for a public purpose, a declaration shall be made to that effect, along with a
declaration of an area identified as the “resettlement area” for the purposes of rehabilitation and resettlement of
the affected families, under the hand and seal of a Secretary to such 19 Government or of any other officer
duly authorised to certify its orders and different declarations may be made from time to time in respect of
different parcels of any land covered by the same preliminary notification irrespective of whether one report or
different reports has or have been made (wherever required). (2) The Collector shall publish a summary of the
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme along with declaration referred to in sub-section (1): Provided that no
declaration under this sub-section shall be made unless the summary of the Rehabilitation and Resettlement
Scheme is published along with such declaration: Provided further that no declaration under this sub-section
shall be made unless the Requiring Body deposits an amount, in full or part, as may be prescribed by the
appropriate Government toward the cost of acquisition of the land: Provided also that the Requiring Body shall
deposit the amount promptly so as to enable the appropriate Government to publish the declaration within a
period of twelve months from the date of the publication of preliminary notification under section 11. (3) In
projects where land is acquired in stages, the application for acquisition itself can specify different stages for
the rehabilitation and resettlement, and all declarations shall be made according to the stages so specified. (4)
Every declaration referred to in sub-section (1) shall be published in the following manner, namely:— (a) in
the Official Gazette; (b) in two daily newspapers being circulated in the locality, of such area of which one
shall be in the regional language; (c) in the local language in the Panchayat, Municipality or Municipal
Corporation, as the case may be, and in the offices of the District Collector, the Sub-Divisional Magistrate and
the Tehsil; (d) uploaded on the website of the appropriate Government; (e) in the affected areas, in such
manner as may be prescribed. (5) Every declaration referred to in sub-section (1) shall indicate,— (a) the
district or other territorial division in which the land is situated; (b) the purpose for which it is needed, its
approximate area; and (c) where a plan shall have been made for the land, the place at which such plan may be
inspected without any cost. (6) The declaration referred to in sub-section (1) shall be conclusive evidence that
the land is required for a public purpose and, after making such declaration, the appropriate Government may
acquire the land in such manner as specified under this Act. (7) Where no declaration is made under sub-
section (1) within twelve months from the date of preliminary notification, then such notification shall be
deemed to have been rescinded: Provided that in computing the period referred to in this sub-section, any
period or periods during which the proceedings for the acquisition of the land were held up on account of any
stay or injunction by the order of any Court shall be excluded: Provided further that the appropriate
Government shall have the power to extend the period of twelve months, if in its opinion circumstances exist
justifying the same: Provided also that any such decision to extend the period shall be recorded in writing and
the same shall be notified and be uploaded on the website of the authority concerned.
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 Declaration for Public Purpose:
 Issuance:
 When the appropriate Government is satisfied, post consideration of the report under section
15(2).
 By a Secretary to the Government or another duly authorized officer.
 Content:
 Declaration of the specific land needed for a public purpose.
 Identification of the "resettlement area" for the rehabilitation and resettlement of affected
families.
 Different declarations may be made for different parcels of land covered by the same
preliminary notification.
 Publication of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme Summary:
 Requirement:
 A summary of the Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme must be published along with the
declaration.
 Condition:
  No declaration is made unless the Requiring Body deposits the prescribed amount toward the
cost of land acquisition.
 The deposit should be made promptly to facilitate declaration publication within twelve
months from the preliminary notification.
 Publication of Declaration:
 Mode:
 Official Gazette, local newspapers, Panchayat/Municipality/Municipal Corporation offices,
District Collector, Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Tehsil.
 Uploaded on the website of the appropriate Government.
 In the affected areas, as prescribed.
 Contents:
 District or territorial division of the land.
 Purpose for which the land is needed, including its approximate area.
 If a plan exists, the place where it can be inspected without cost.
 Conclusive Evidence and Acquisition:
 Effect of Declaration:
 The declaration is conclusive evidence that the land is required for a public purpose.
 Subsequent acquisition can proceed as specified under the Act.
 Timeline and Rescission:
 Rescission:
 If no declaration is made within twelve months from the date of the preliminary notification.
 Excludes periods of delay due to court orders.
 Extension:
 The appropriate Government can extend the twelve-month period if justifiable circumstances
exist.
 The decision to extend is recorded in writing and notified, with details uploaded on the
concerned authority's website.

You
21. Notice to persons interested.–(1) The Collector shall publish the public notice on his website and cause
public notice to be given at convenient places on or near the land to be taken, stating that the Government
intends to take possession of the land, and that claims to compensations and rehabilitation and resettlement for
all interests in such land may be made to him. (2) The public notice referred to in sub-section (1) shall state the
particulars of the land so needed, and require all persons interested in the land to appear personally or by agent
or advocate before the Collector at a time and place mentioned in the public notice not being less than thirty
days and not more than six months after the date of publication of the notice, and to state the nature of their
respective interests in the land and the amount and particulars of their claims to compensation for such
interests, their claims to rehabilitation and resettlement along with their objections, if any, to the measurements
made under section 20. (3) The Collector may in any case require such statement referred to in sub-section (2)
to be made in writing and signed by the party or his agent. (4) The Collector shall also serve notice to the same
effect on the occupier, if any, of such land and on all such persons known or believed to be interested therein,
be entitled to act for persons so interested, as reside or have agents authorised to receive service on their
behalf, within the revenue district in which the land is situated. (5) In case any person so interested resides
elsewhere, and has no such agent, the Collector shall ensure that the notice shall be sent to him by post in letter
addressed to him at his last known residence, address of place or business and also publish the same in at least
two national daily newspapers and also on his website.
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 Publication of Public Notice:
 Medium:
  Collector's website and conspicuous places near the land.
 Content:
 Intention of the Government to take possession of the land.
 Invitation for claims to compensation, rehabilitation, and resettlement for all interests in the
land.
 Details in Public Notice:
 Particulars:
 Details of the land needed.
 Timeframe for appearance before the Collector.
 Specifics of the claims to be provided during the appearance.
 Appearance Before the Collector:
 Requirement:
 Persons interested in the land must appear personally, by agent, or advocate.
 Appearance within a specified time (not less than thirty days and not more than six months
from the notice publication).
 Statement Contents:
 Nature of respective interests in the land.
 Amount and particulars of claims to compensation.
 Claims to rehabilitation and resettlement.
 Objections, if any, to the measurements made under section 20.
 Written Statements:
 Collector's Discretion:
 The Collector may, in any case, require statements to be made in writing and signed by the
party or their agent.
 Service of Notices:
 Recipients:
 Occupier of the land (if any).
 All persons known or believed to be interested in the land, residing or having authorized
agents within the revenue district.
 Methods:
 Personal service or by post to those residing within the district.
 For those residing elsewhere without agents, notice sent by post and published in at least two
national daily newspapers and on the Collector's website.


Enquiry by Collector:
 Date:
 On the specified day or any adjourned day.
 Purpose:
 To address objections raised under section 21.
 To assess the measurements made under section 20.
 To determine the value of the land at the date of the notification.
 To ascertain the respective interests of those claiming compensation and
rehabilitation and resettlement.
 Award by Collector:
 Contents:
  Area of Land:
 Determination of the true area of the land.
 Compensation:
 Determination under section 27.
 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Award:
 Determination under section 31.
 Apportionment:
 Allocation of compensation among all persons known or believed
to be interested in the land, or those about whom he has
information, irrespective of their appearance before him.
 Method:
 Form:
 Award made under the hand of the Collector.
The award by the Collector encompasses the true area of the land, compensation,
rehabilitation and resettlement awards, and the distribution of compensation among all
relevant individuals, considering their respective interests in the land.

You
22. Power to require and enforce the making of statements as to names and interests.–
(1) The Collector may also require any such person to make or deliver to him, at a
time and place mentioned (such time not being less than thirty days after the date of
the requisition), a statement containing, so far as may be practicable, the name of
every other person possessing any interest in the land or any part thereof as co-
proprietor, sub-proprietor, mortgagee, tenant or otherwise, and of the nature of such
interest, and of the rents and profits, if any, received or receivable on account thereof
for three years next preceding the date of the statement. (2) Every person required to
make or deliver a statement under this section shall be deemed to be legally bound to
do so within the meaning of sections 175 and 176 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of
1860).
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 Power of the Collector:
 Requirement:
 The Collector has the authority to demand individuals to provide
statements.
 Purpose:
 To gather information on names and interests related to the land.
  Timeframe:
 The specified time for providing the statement should not be less than
thirty days after the requisition date.
 Content of the Statement:
 Information Required:
 Names of all persons with an interest in the land.
 Nature of their interest (e.g., co-proprietor, sub-proprietor, mortgagee,
tenant).
 Details of rents and profits received or receivable on account of the land
for the three years preceding the statement date.
 Legal Obligation:
 Deemed Legal Obligation:
 Individuals required to submit statements are considered legally bound
to do so.
 This legal obligation is in accordance with sections 175 and 176 of the
Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860).

23. Enquiry and land acquisition award by Collector.–On the day so fixed, or on any other day to which the
enquiry has been adjourned, the Collector shall proceed to enquire into the objections (if any) which any
person interested has stated pursuant to a notice given under section 21, to the measurements made under
section 20, and into the value of the land at the date of the publication of the notification, and into the
respective interests of the persons claiming the compensation and rehabilitation and resettlement, shall make
an award under his hand of— (a) the true area of the land; (b) the compensation as determined under section
27 along with Rehabilitation and Resettlement Award as determined under section 31 and which in his opinion
should be allowed for the land; and (c) the apportionment of the said compensation among all the persons
known or believed to be interested in the land, or whom, or of whose claims, he has information, whether or
not they have respectively appeared before him.
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 Enquiry by Collector:
 Date:
 On the specified day or any adjourned day.
 Purpose:
 To address objections raised under section 21.
 To assess the measurements made under section 20.
 To determine the value of the land at the date of the notification.
 To ascertain the respective interests of those claiming compensation and rehabilitation and
resettlement.
 Award by Collector:
 Contents:
 Area of Land:
 Determination of the true area of the land.
 Compensation:
 Determination under section 27.
 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Award:
  Determination under section 31.
 Apportionment:
 Allocation of compensation among all persons known or believed to be interested in
the land, or those about whom he has information, irrespective of their appearance
before him.
 Method:
 Form:
 Award made under the hand of the Collector.
The award by the Collector encompasses the true area of the land, compensation, rehabilitation and
resettlement awards, and the distribution of compensation among all relevant individuals, considering their
respective interests in the land.

You
24. Land acquisition process under Act No. 1 of 1894 shall be deemed to have lapsed in certain
cases.–(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, in any case of land acquisition
proceedings initiated under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894,— (a) where no award under section
11 of the said Land Acquisition Act has been made, then, all provisions of this Act relating to the
determination of compensation shall apply; or (b) where an award under said section 11 has been
made, then such proceedings shall continue under the provisions of the said Land Acquisition
Act, as if the said Act has not been repealed. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-
section (1), in case of land acquisition proceedings initiated under the Land Acquisition Act,
1894 (1 of 1894),where an award under the said section 11 has been made five years or more
prior to the commencement of this Act but the physical possession of the land has not been taken
or the compensation has not been paid the said proceedings shall be deemed to have lapsed and
the appropriate Government, if it so chooses, shall initiate the proceedings of such land
acquisition afresh in accordance with the provisions of this Act: 22 Provided that where an award
has been made and compensation in respect of a majority of land holdings has not been deposited
in the account of the beneficiaries, then, all beneficiaries specified in the notification for
acquisition under section 4 of the said Land Acquisition Act, shall be entitled to compensation in
accordance with the provisions of this Act.
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 Lapse of Land Acquisition Proceedings Under Act No. 1 of 1894:
 Initiation under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894:
 If land acquisition proceedings were initiated under the Land Acquisition Act,
1894:
 No Award Made:
 If no award under section 11 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894,
has been made:
 All provisions of the current Act related to determining
compensation will apply.
 Award Made:
  If an award under section 11 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894,
has been made:
 Proceedings will continue under the provisions of the Land
Acquisition Act, 1894, as if the current Act has not been
repealed.
 Lapse of Proceedings:
 In cases where land acquisition proceedings were initiated under the Land
Acquisition Act, 1894, and:
 An award under section 11 has been made five years or more before the
commencement of the current Act.
 Physical possession of the land has not been taken, or compensation has
not been paid.
 The proceedings shall be deemed to have lapsed.
 Government's Option:
 The appropriate Government, if it chooses to do so, can initiate fresh proceedings
for land acquisition in accordance with the provisions of the current Act.
 Provision for Compensation:
 If an award has been made, and compensation for the majority of land holdings
has not been deposited in the beneficiaries' accounts:
 All beneficiaries specified in the notification for acquisition under section
4 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, are entitled to compensation
according to the provisions of the current Act.

You
explain
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Certainly! The provided section (Section 24) of the land acquisition law outlines the transition
from the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, to the current legislation. Here's a breakdown:

1. Previous Proceedings under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894:

 If land acquisition proceedings were already initiated under the older Land Acquisition
Act, 1894:
 If no award has been made under section 11 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894:
 All provisions of the current law related to determining compensation will
be applied to these cases.
 If an award has been made under section 11 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894:
 The proceedings will continue under the provisions of the older Act,
treating it as if the current Act has not been enacted.
2. Lapse of Proceedings:
 In certain situations where proceedings were initiated under the Land Acquisition Act,
1894:
 If an award has been made under section 11 five years or more before the
commencement of the current Act.
  Physical possession of the land has not been taken, or compensation has not been
paid.
 In such cases, those proceedings are considered to have lapsed.
3. Government's Option for Fresh Proceedings:
 The appropriate Government has the option to initiate fresh proceedings for land
acquisition, and these would be conducted in accordance with the provisions of the
current law.
4. Compensation Provision:
 If an award has been made but compensation for the majority of land holdings has not
been deposited in the beneficiaries' accounts:
 All beneficiaries specified in the notification for acquisition under section 4 of the
Land Acquisition Act, 1894, are entitled to compensation as per the provisions of
the current law.
In essence, this section provides a framework for the transition from the old land acquisition law
to the new one, ensuring that ongoing proceedings are appropriately dealt with under the current
legislation.

You
25. Period within which an award shall be made.–The Collector shall make an award within a
period of twelve months from the date of publication of the declaration under section 19 and if
no award is made within that period, the entire proceedings for the acquisition of the land shall
lapse: Provided that the appropriate Government shall have the power to extend the period of
twelve months if in its opinion, circumstances exist justifying the same: Provided further that any
such decision to extend the period shall be recorded in writing and the same shall be notified and
be uploaded on the website of the authority concerned.
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This section outlines the time frame for the Collector to make an award in the land acquisition
process:

1. Mandatory Timeframe:
 The Collector is required to make an award within a specific period.
 The specified period is twelve months from the date of publication of the declaration
under section 19.
2. Lapse of Proceedings for Non-Compliance:
 If the Collector fails to make an award within the stipulated twelve-month period, the
entire proceedings for the acquisition of the land shall lapse.
3. Government's Discretion for Extension:
 The appropriate Government has the authority to extend the twelve-month period.
 The decision to extend the period is subject to the government's opinion that
circumstances exist justifying an extension.
4. Recording and Notification Requirement:
 Any decision to extend the period must be recorded in writing.
 The decision to extend the period should be notified and uploaded on the website of the
relevant authority.
In summary, this section emphasizes the importance of a timely award in the land acquisition
process. If the award is not made within the specified period, there's a provision for the
appropriate Government to extend the timeframe, but such a decision needs to be justified,
recorded, and made public.

You
26. Determination of market value of land by Collector.–(1) The Collector shall adopt the
following criteria in assessing and determining the market value of the land, namely:— (a) the
market value, if any, specified in the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 (2 of 1899) for the registration of
sale deeds or agreements to sell, as the case may be, in the area, where the land is situated; or (b)
the average sale price for similar type of land situated in the nearest village or nearest vicinity
area; or (c) consented amount of compensation as agreed upon under sub-section (2) of section 2
in case of acquisition of lands for private companies or for public private partnership projects,
whichever is higher: Provided that the date for determination of market value shall be the date on
which the notification has been issued under section 11. Explanation 1.—The average sale price
referred to in clause (b) shall be determined taking into account the sale deeds or the agreements
to sell registered for similar type of area in the near village or near vicinity area during
immediately preceding three years of the year in which such acquisition of land is proposed to be
made. Explanation 2.—For determining the average sale price referred to in Explanation 1, one-
half of the total number of sale deeds or the agreements to sell in which the highest sale price has
been mentioned shall be taken into account. Explanation 3.—While determining the market
value under this section and the average sale price referred to in Explanation 1 or Explanation 2,
any price paid as compensation for land acquired under the provisions of this Act on an earlier
occasion in the district shall not be taken into consideration. 24 Explanation 4.—While
determining the market value under this section and the average sale price referred to in
Explanation 1 or Explanation 2, any price paid, which in the opinion of the Collector is not
indicative of actual prevailing market value may be discounted for the purposes of calculating
market value. (2) The market value calculated as per sub-section (1) shall be multiplied by a
factor to be specified in the First Schedule. (3) Where the market value under sub-section (1) or
sub-section (2) cannot be determined for the reason that— (a) the land is situated in such area
where the transactions in land are restricted by or under any other law for the time being in force
in that area; or (b) the registered sale deeds or agreements to sell as mentioned in clause (a) of
sub-section (1) for similar land are not available for the immediately preceding three years; or (c)
the market value has not been specified under the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 (2 of 1899) by the
appropriate authority, the State Government concerned shall specify the floor price or minimum
price per unit area of the said land based on the price calculated in the manner specified in sub-
section (1) in respect of similar types of land situated in the immediate adjoining areas: Provided
that in a case where the Requiring Body offers its shares to the owners of the lands (whose lands
have been acquired) as a part compensation, for acquisition of land, such shares in no case shall
exceed twenty-five per cent, of the value so calculated under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) or
sub-section (3) as the case may be: Provided further that the Requiring Body shall in no case
compel any owner of the land (whose land has been acquired) to take its shares, the value of
which is deductible in the value of the land calculated under sub-section (1): Provided also that
the Collector shall, before initiation of any land acquisition proceedings in any area, take all
necessary steps to revise and update the market value of the land on the basis of the prevalent
market rate in that area: Provided also that the appropriate Government shall ensure that the
 market value determined for acquisition of any land or property of an educational institution
established and administered by a religious or linguistic minority shall be such as would not
restrict or abrogate the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
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ChatGPT
This section outlines the criteria and procedures for the determination of the market value of land
in the context of land acquisition:

1. Criteria for Market Value Determination:

 The Collector, responsible for assessing the market value, is guided by specific criteria.
 The criteria include:
 Market value specified in the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 for the registration of sale
deeds or agreements to sell in the area.
 Average sale price for similar types of land in the nearest village or vicinity.
 Consented compensation amount under section 2(2) in the case of acquisition for
private companies or public-private partnership projects, with a preference for the
higher value.
2. Date for Determination:
 The market value is determined as of the date on which the notification is issued under
section 11.
3. Calculation of Average Sale Price:
 The average sale price is calculated based on registered sale deeds or agreements to sell
for similar types of land in the nearest village or vicinity during the immediately
preceding three years.
4. Adjustments and Discounts:
 Certain adjustments and discounts are applied:
 Half of the total number of sale deeds or agreements with the highest sale prices is
considered.
 Prices paid as compensation for land acquired under this Act on earlier occasions
in the district are not considered.
 Prices not indicative of the actual prevailing market value may be discounted.
5. Multiplier Factor:
 The market value calculated is multiplied by a factor specified in the First Schedule.
6. Cases Where Market Value Can't Be Determined:
 In cases where market value cannot be determined due to legal restrictions or
unavailability of relevant data, the State Government specifies the floor price based on
similar land types in adjoining areas.
7. Limitations on Offering Shares as Compensation:
 If the Requiring Body offers its shares as part of compensation, it should not exceed
twenty-five percent of the calculated value.
8. Revision and Update of Market Value:
 The Collector must take steps to revise and update the market value based on prevalent
rates before initiating any land acquisition proceedings.
9. Protection of Educational Institutions:
  The appropriate Government ensures that the market value for the acquisition of land
belonging to educational institutions established and administered by religious or
linguistic minorities does not restrict their right to establish and administer educational
institutions of their choice.

You
give example
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ChatGPT
Let's consider a hypothetical example to illustrate the determination of market value for land
acquisition:

Scenario:

 A government body, the Requiring Body, needs to acquire a parcel of land for the construction of
a public infrastructure project.
 The land in question is situated in a suburban area, and the notification for acquisition is issued
under section 11 of the Land Acquisition Act.
Criteria for Market Value Determination:

1. Stamp Act Specified Value: The Indian Stamp Act specifies a value for registration of sale
deeds in the area. Let's say it is $100,000.
2. Average Sale Price: The average sale price for similar types of land in the nearest village over
the last three years is determined. Let's assume it is $120,000.
3. Consented Compensation: If there is a prior agreement between the Requiring Body and
landowners, specifying compensation, and it is $130,000.
Calculation:

 Considering the above criteria, the Collector calculates the market value using the specified
formula.
1. Determination Date: The date of the notification under section 11 is taken as the reference date.
2. Adjustments and Discounts: Adjustments are made for the prevailing market conditions, and
discounts are applied based on the criteria specified in the Act.
3. Multiplier Factor: The calculated value is multiplied by a factor specified in the First Schedule.
Let's assume the multiplier is 1.2.
4. Final Market Value: The final market value is calculated as follows:
 ((Stamp Act Specified Value + Average Sale Price + Consented Compensation) / 3) *
Multiplier Factor
 (($100,000 + $120,000 + $130,000) / 3) * 1.2 = $126,000
Limitations on Offering Shares as Compensation:

 If the Requiring Body decides to offer shares as part of compensation, it should not exceed
twenty-five percent of the calculated market value, i.e., $31,500.
Revision and Update:
 Before initiating the land acquisition proceedings, the Collector ensures that the market value is
revised based on the most recent market rates in the area.
Protection of Educational Institutions:

 If the land belongs to an educational institution established and administered by a religious or

linguistic minority, the market value should not restrict their right to establish and administer
educational institutions of their choice.
This example simplifies the process, and the actual calculations may involve additional factors
and complexities as per the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act.

You
doesn't it say that we have to use the amount whichever is higher and not add these values
ChatGPT
ChatGPT
You're correct, and I appreciate the clarification. Let's revisit the example with the understanding
that the Act requires using the higher of the specified values:

Revised Calculation:

1. Determination Date: The date of the notification under section 11 is taken as the reference date.
2. Stamp Act Specified Value: $100,000
3. Average Sale Price: $120,000
4. Consented Compensation: $130,000
Final Market Value Calculation:

 The Act mandates using the higher of the specified values. In this case, the highest value is the
Consented Compensation of $130,000.
So, the final market value for land acquisition, considering the Act's provisions, is $130,000.

Thank you for catching that, and I hope this provides a clearer illustration in line with the
statutory requirements.

You
27. Determination of amount of compensation.–The Collector having determined the market
value of the land to be acquired shall calculate the total amount of compensation to be paid to the
land owner (whose land has been acquired) by including all assets attached to the land.
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In this step, after determining the market value of the land, the Collector calculates the total
amount of compensation to be paid to the landowner. This compensation includes not only the
value of the land itself but also all assets attached to the land. The goal is to ensure that the
landowner is justly compensated for the entire value of the property being acquired. This
 approach acknowledges that the value of the land is often tied to various assets and
improvements associated with it.

You
explain and give answer in a structured bullet system
ChatGPT
ChatGPT
Certainly, let's break down the information in a structured bullet system:

 Objective: Determine the total compensation to be paid to the landowner after establishing the
market value of the land.
 Components of Compensation:
 The compensation comprises not only the value of the land but also includes all assets
attached to the land.
 This broader approach aims to ensure fair compensation, recognizing that the value of the
land is often interconnected with various assets and improvements.
 Considerations for Compensation:
 The goal is to provide just compensation that reflects the comprehensive value of the
property being acquired.
 The compensation calculation accounts for the entirety of the land's value,
acknowledging the various assets and improvements associated with it.
 Implication:
 This approach ensures that the landowner is adequately compensated for the entire
economic value of the property, going beyond the bare value of the land itself.
This process aligns with the principle of providing fair and equitable compensation to
landowners for the loss of their property.

You
keep it short
ChatGPT
ChatGPT
Certainly, here's a concise summary:

 Objective: Determine total compensation for the landowner.

 Components: Compensation includes the value of the land and all attached assets.
 Considerations: Ensures fair compensation for the entire economic value of the property.
 Implication: Recognizes the interconnected value of land and associated assets in compensation
calculation.

You
28. Parameters to be considered by Collector in determination of award.–In determining the
amount of compensation to be awarded for land acquired under this Act, the Collector shall take
into consideration— firstly, the market value as determined under section 26 and the award
 amount in accordance with the First and Second Schedules; 25 secondly, the damage sustained
by the person interested, by reason of the taking of any standing crops and trees which may be on
the land at the time of the Collector's taking possession thereof; thirdly, the damage (if any)
sustained by the person interested, at the time of the Collector's taking possession of the land, by
reason of severing such land from his other land; fourthly, the damage (if any) sustained by the
person interested, at the time of the Collector's taking possession of the land, by reason of the
acquisition injuriously affecting his other property, movable or immovable, in any other manner,
or his earnings; fifthly, in consequence of the acquisition of the land by the Collector, the person
interested is compelled to change his residence or place of business, the reasonable expenses (if
any) incidental to such change; sixthly, the damage (if any) bona fide resulting from diminution
of the profits of the land between the time of the publication of the declaration under section 19
and the time of the Collector's taking possession of the land; and seventhly, any other ground
which may be in the interest of equity, justice and beneficial to the affected families
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 Considerations in Determining Compensation:
1. Market Value and Award Amount: Reflecting sections 26, and First and Second
Schedules.
2. Crop and Tree Damage: Compensation for standing crops and trees at the time of
possession.
3. Severance Damage: Impact on the person interested due to severing the land from their
other property.
4. Injurious Affect on Other Property: Compensation for damage to other movable or
immovable property.
5. Relocation Expenses: If acquisition compels a change in residence or place of business.
6. Loss of Profits: Bona fide damage resulting from reduced land profits during the
acquisition process.
7. Other Grounds: Any factor promoting equity, justice, and the well-being of affected
families.

You
29. Determination of value of things attached to land or building.–(1) The Collector in
determining the market value of the building and other immovable property or assets attached to
the land or building which are to be acquired, use the services of a competent engineer or any
other specialist in the relevant field, as may be considered necessary by him. (2) The Collector
for the purpose of determining the value of trees and plants attached to the land acquired, use the
services of experienced persons in the field of agriculture, forestry, horticulture, sericulture, or
any other field, as may be considered necessary by him. (3) The Collector for the purpose of
assessing the value of the standing crops damaged during the process of land acquisition, may
use the services of experienced persons in the field of agriculture as may be considered necessary
by him.
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 Valuation of Building and Assets:
 1. Expert Involvement: Collector may engage a competent engineer or specialist to
determine the market value of buildings and attached immovable property.
 Valuation of Trees and Plants: 2. Specialized Assessment: Services of experts in agriculture,
forestry, horticulture, sericulture, or related fields may be utilized.
 Assessment of Crop Value: 3. Agricultural Expertise: In cases of damaged standing crops, the
Collector may seek the assistance of experienced persons in agriculture.

You
30. Award of solatium.–(1) The Collector having determined the total compensation to be paid,
shall, to arrive at the final award, impose a “Solatium” amount equivalent to one hundred per
cent. of the compensation amount. Explanation.—For the removal of doubts it is hereby declared
that solatium amount shall be in addition to the compensation payable to any person whose land
has been acquired. (2) The Collector shall issue individual awards detailing the particulars of
compensation payable and the details of payment of the compensation as specified in the First
Schedule. (3) In addition to the market value of the land provided under section 26, the Collector
shall, in every case, award an amount calculated at the rate of twelve per cent. per annum on
such market value for the period commencing on and from the date of the publication of the
notification of the Social Impact Assessment study under sub-section (2)of section 4, in respect
of such land, till the date of the award of the Collector or the date of taking possession of the
land, whichever is earlier.
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 Solatium Imposition:
1. 100% Addition: The Collector, after determining the total compensation, imposes a
"Solatium" amount equal to 100% of the compensation.
2. In Addition to Compensation: The solatium is declared to be additional to the
compensation for the acquired land.
 Award Details:
 3. Individual Awards: The Collector issues individual awards specifying compensation details
as outlined in the First Schedule.
 Interest Calculation:
 4. 12% per Annum: In every case, an additional amount at the rate of 12% per annum is
awarded on the market value from the date of the Social Impact Assessment study notification
under section 4(2) to the date of the Collector's award or possession, whichever is earlier.

You
31. Rehabilitation and Resettlement Award for affected families by Collector.–(1) The Collector shall
pass Rehabilitation and Resettlement Awards for each affected family in terms of the entitlements
 provided in the Second Schedule. (2) The Rehabilitation and Resettlement Award shall include all of
the following, namely:— (a) rehabilitation and resettlement amount payable to the family; (b) bank
account number of the person to which the rehabilitation and resettlement award amount is to be
transferred; (c) particulars of house site and house to be allotted, in case of displaced families; (d)
particulars of land allotted to the displaced families; (e) particulars of one time subsistence allowance
and transportation allowance in case of displaced families; (f) particulars of payment for cattle shed
and petty shops; (g) particulars of one-time amount to artisans and small traders; (h)d etails of
mandatory employment to be provided to the members of the affected families; (i) particulars of any
fishing rights that may be involved; (j) particulars of annuity and other entitlements to be provided;
(k) particulars of special provisions for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes to be
provided: 27 Provided that in case any of the matters specified under clauses (a) to (k) are not
applicable to any affected family the same shall be indicated as “not applicable”: Provided further
that the appropriate Government may, by notification increase the rate of rehabilitation and
resettlement amount payable to the affected families, taking into account the rise in the price index.
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 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Award:
1. Individual Awards: The Collector is responsible for issuing Rehabilitation and Resettlement
Awards for each affected family.
2. Entitlements Included: The award encompasses various entitlements outlined in the Second
Schedule.
3. Key Inclusions:
 Rehabilitation and resettlement amount payable to the family.
 Bank account details for fund transfers.
 Particulars of allotted house site and house for displaced families.
 Details of allotted land for displaced families.
 One-time subsistence allowance and transportation allowance details.
 Payment details for cattle shed and petty shops.
 One-time amount for artisans and small traders.
 Mandatory employment details for affected family members.
 Fishing rights particulars.
 Annuity and other entitlement details.
 Special provisions for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
4. Applicability Indication: If any of the specified matters are not applicable to an affected
family, it will be explicitly marked as "not applicable."
5. Price Index Consideration: The appropriate Government holds the authority, through
notification, to increase the rehabilitation and resettlement amount, considering the rise in
the price index.

You
32. Provision of infrastructural amenities in resettlement area.–In every resettlement area as defined
under this Act, the Collector shall ensure the provision of all infrastructural facilities and basic
minimum amenities specified in the Third Schedule.
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 Provision of Infrastructural Amenities in Resettlement Area:
1. Responsibility: The Collector is tasked with ensuring the provision of infrastructural facilities
and basic minimum amenities in every resettlement area defined by the Act.
2. Facilities Included: The facilities to be provided are outlined in the Third Schedule.
3. Comprehensive Coverage: The focus is on ensuring the availability of all necessary
infrastructural amenities to meet the basic needs of the resettled population.
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You
33. Corrections to awards by Collector.–(1) The Collector may at any time, but not later than six
months from the date of award or where he has been required under the provisions of this Act to
make a reference to the Authority under section 64, before the making of such reference, by order,
correct any clerical or arithmetical mistakes in either of the awards or errors arising therein either on
his own motion or on the application of any person interested or local authority: Provided that no
correction which is likely to affect prejudicially any person shall be made unless such person has
been given a reasonable opportunity of making representation in the matter. (2) The Collector shall
give immediate notice of any correction made in the award so corrected to all the persons interested.
(3) Where any excess amount is proved to have been paid to any person as a result of the correction
made under sub-section (1), the excess amount so paid shall be liable to be refunded and in the case
of any default or refusal to pay, the same may be recovered, as prescribed by the appropriate
Government.
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 Corrections to Awards by Collector:
1. Time Limit: The Collector holds the authority to correct clerical or arithmetical mistakes in
awards within six months from the date of the award.
2. Initiation of Correction: Corrections can be made either on the Collector's own motion or
upon the application of any person interested or local authority.
3. Prejudicial Effect: Corrections that may adversely affect any person require giving that
person a reasonable opportunity to make representations before the correction is made.
4. Immediate Notice: The Collector is obligated to promptly notify all persons interested about
any corrections made in the award.
5. Excess Amount Refund: If an excess amount has been mistakenly paid to any person due to
the correction, the excess amount is liable to be refunded. Non-compliance may result in
recovery measures as prescribed by the appropriate Government.

You
34. Adjournment of enquiry.–The Collector may, for any cause he thinks fit, from time to time adjourn
the enquiry to a day to be fixed by him
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 Adjournment of Enquiry:
 1. Collector's Discretion: The Collector has the authority to adjourn the enquiry for any reason
deemed fit by him.
2. Flexibility: Enquiry sessions may be adjourned to a date determined by the Collector based
on the circumstances.

You
35. Power to summon and enforce attendance of witnesses and production of documents.–For the
purpose of enquiries under this Act, the Collector shall have powers to summon and enforce the
attendance of witnesses, including the parties interested of any of them, and to compel the
production of documents by the same means, and (so far as may be) in the same manner as is
provided in the case of a Civil Court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908).
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 Collector's Powers to Summon and Enforce:
1. Summoning Witnesses: The Collector is empowered to summon witnesses, including
parties involved, for inquiries under this Act.
2. Compelling Document Production: The Collector can compel the production of documents
using means similar to those specified for a Civil Court under the Code of Civil Procedure,
1908 (5 of 1908).

You
36. Power to call for records, etc.–The appropriate Government may at any time before the award is
made by the Collector under section 30 call for any record of any proceedings (whether by way of
inquiry or otherwise) for the purpose of satisfying itself as to the legality or propriety of any findings
or order passed or as to the regularity of such proceedings and may pass such order or issue such
direction in relation thereto as it may think fit: Provided that the appropriate Government shall not
pass or issue any order or direction prejudicial to any person without affording such person a
reasonable opportunity of being heard.
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 Government's Oversight Powers:
1. Scope of Review: The appropriate Government has the authority to call for records at any
stage before the Collector makes an award under section 30.
2. Purpose of Review: The review is conducted to ensure the legality, propriety, and regularity
of proceedings, with the government having the discretion to pass orders or issue directions
accordingly.
3. Procedural Fairness: The government is obligated not to make any prejudicial orders or
directions without providing the affected person with a reasonable opportunity to be heard.

You
37. Awards of Collector when to be final.–(1) The Awards shall be filed in the Collector’s office and
shall, except as hereinafter provided, be final and conclusive evidence, as between the Collector and
the persons interested, whether they have respectively appeared before the Collector or not, of the
 true area and market value of the land and the assets attached thereto, solatium so determined and
the apportionment of the compensation among the persons interested. (2) The Collector shall give
immediate notice of his awards to such of the persons interested who are not present personally or
through their representatives when the awards are made. (3) The Collector shall keep open to the
public and display a summary of the entire proceedings undertaken in a case of acquisition of land
including the amount of compensation awarded to each individual along with details of the land
finally acquired under this Act on the website created for this purpose.
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 Finality of Awards:
1. Filing and Conclusiveness: The awards made by the Collector shall be filed in the Collector's
office and, with certain exceptions, deemed final and conclusive evidence.
2. Scope of Conclusiveness: The awards conclusively determine the true area, market value of
the land, assets attached, solatium, and the apportionment of compensation among the
persons interested.
3. Notice to Concerned Parties: Persons not present during the award announcement will
receive immediate notice from the Collector regarding the awards.
4. Public Accessibility: A summary of the entire acquisition proceedings, including individual
compensation details and acquired land specifics, must be kept open to the public and
displayed on a dedicated website.

You
38. Power to take possession of land to be acquired.–(1) The Collector shall take possession of land
after ensuring that full payment of compensation as well as rehabilitation and resettlement
entitlements are paid or tendered to the entitled persons within a period of three months for the
compensation and a period of six months for the monetary part of rehabilitation and resettlement
entitlements listed in the Second Schedule commencing from the date of the award made under
section 30: Provided that the components of the Rehabilitation and Resettlement Package in the
Second and Third Schedules that relate to infrastructural entitlements shall be provided within a
period of eighteen months from the date of the award: Provided further that in case of acquisition of
land for irrigation or hydel project, being a public purpose, the rehabilitation and resettlement shall
be completed six months prior to submergence of the lands acquired. (2) The Collector shall be
responsible for ensuring that the rehabilitation and resettlement process is completed in all its
aspects before displacing the affected families
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 Possession of Acquired Land:
1. Timeline for Possession: The Collector is empowered to take possession of the acquired
land, provided full compensation and rehabilitation and resettlement entitlements are paid or
tendered within three months for compensation and six months for monetary aspects of
rehabilitation and resettlement, starting from the date of the award under section 30.
2. Rehabilitation and Resettlement Components: Infrastructural entitlements from the
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Package in the Second and Third Schedules must be
provided within eighteen months from the award date.
 3. Special Provision for Certain Projects: In cases of land acquisition for irrigation or hydel
projects with a public purpose, rehabilitation and resettlement must be completed six
months prior to the submergence of the acquired lands.
4. Responsibility of the Collector: The Collector is responsible for ensuring the completion of
the entire rehabilitation and resettlement process before displacing affected families.

You
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It seems like your message was sent empty. Could you please provide more details or clarify your
request?

You
39. Additional compensation in case of multiple displacements.–The Collector shall, as far as possible,
not displace any family which has already been displaced by the appropriate Government for the
purpose of acquisition under the provisions of this Act, and if so displaced, shall pay an additional 29
compensation equivalent to that of the compensation determined under this Act for the second or
successive displacements.
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 Objective:
 Minimize multiple displacements of families during land acquisition.
 Action:
 The Collector should avoid displacing families already moved by the government under this
Act.
 Compensation:
 In case of multiple displacements, the affected family should receive additional
compensation.
 The additional compensation should be equivalent to that determined under this Act for
subsequent displacements.

This provision aims to protect affected families from repeated displacement and ensures fair
compensation for each displacement event.

You
40. Special powers in case of urgency to acquire land in certain cases.–(1) In cases of urgency,
whenever the appropriate Government so directs, the Collector, though no such award has been
made, may, on the expiration of thirty days from the publication of the notice mentioned in section
21, take possession of any land needed for a public purpose and such land shall thereupon vest
absolutely in the Government, free from all encumbrances. (2) The powers of the appropriate
Government under sub-section (1) shall be restricted to the minimum area required for the defence
of India or national security or for any emergencies arising out of natural calamities or any other
 emergency with the approval of Parliament: Provided that the Collector shall not take possession of
any building or part of a building under this sub-section without giving to the occupier thereof at
least forty-eight hours notice of his intention to do so, or such longer notice as may be reasonably
sufficient to enable such occupier to remove his movable property from such building without
unnecessary inconvenience. (3) Before taking possession of any land under sub-section (1) or sub-
section (2), the Collector shall tender payment of eighty per cent. of the compensation for such land
as estimated by him to the person interested entitled thereto. (4) In the case of any land to which, in
the opinion of the appropriate Government, the provisions of sub-section (1), sub-section (2) or sub-
section (3) are applicable, the appropriate Government may direct that any or all of the provisions of
Chapter II to Chapter VI shall not apply, and, if it does so direct, a declaration may be made under
section 19 in respect of the land at any time after the date of the publication of the preliminary
notification under sub-section (1) of section 11. (5) An additional compensation of seventy-five per
cent. of the total compensation as determined under section 27, shall be paid by the Collector in
respect of land and property for acquisition of which proceedings have been initiated under sub-
section (1) of this section: Provided that no additional compensation will be required to be paid in
case the project is one that affects the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security and strategic
interests of the State or relations with foreign States.
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 Urgency Provisions:
 Authority:
 The Collector, based on the government's direction, can take possession of urgently
needed land for a public purpose.
 This can occur even if no award has been made yet.
 Scope of Powers:
 Limited to minimum area required for defense, national security, emergencies
(including natural calamities), or other emergencies with Parliament approval.
 Notice Requirement:
 The Collector must provide at least forty-eight hours' notice (or longer if reasonable)
before taking possession of a building.
 Compensation Tender:
 Before possession, the Collector must tender payment of eighty percent of the
estimated compensation to the entitled person.
 Exclusion of Chapters:
 The appropriate Government can direct that certain provisions (Chapter II to Chapter
VI) don't apply to the identified land.
 Additional Compensation:
 An additional seventy-five percent of the total compensation (determined under
section 27) is provided for land and property under urgent acquisition.
 Exception: No additional compensation if the project affects India's sovereignty,
integrity, security, strategic interests, or foreign relations.

You
 41. Special provisions for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.–(1) As far as possible, no
acquisition of land shall be made in the Scheduled Areas. (2) Where such acquisition does take place
it shall be done only as a demonstrable last resort. (3) In case of acquisition or alienation of any land
in the Scheduled Areas, the prior consent of the concerned Gram Sabha or the Panchayats or the
autonomous District Councils, at the appropriate level in Scheduled Areas under the Fifth Schedule
to the Constitution, as the case may be, shall be obtained, in all cases of land acquisition in such
areas, including acquisition in case of urgency, before issue of a notification under this Act, or any
other Central Act or a State Act for the time being in force: Provided that the consent of the
Panchayats or the Autonomous Districts Councils shall be obtained in cases where the Gram Sabha
does not exist or has not been constituted. (4) In case of a project involving land acquisition on
behalf of a Requiring Body which involves involuntary displacement of the Scheduled Castes or the
Scheduled Tribes families, a Development Plan shall be prepared, in such form as may be prescribed,
laying down the details of procedure for settling land rights due, but not settled and restoring titles
of the Scheduled Tribes as well as the 30 Scheduled Castes on the alienated land by undertaking a
special drive together with land acquisition. (5) The Development Plan shall also contain a
programme for development of alternate fuel, fodder and non-timber forest produce resources on
non-forest lands within a period of five years, sufficient to meet the requirements of tribal
communities as well as the Scheduled Castes. (6) In case of land being acquired from members of
the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes, at least one-third of the compensation amount due
shall be paid to the affected families initially as first instalment and the rest shall be paid after taking
over of the possession of the land. (7) The affected families of the Scheduled Tribes shall be resettled
preferably in the same Scheduled Area in a compact block so that they can retain their ethnic,
linguistic and cultural identity. (8) The resettlement areas predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled
Castes and the Scheduled Tribes shall get land, to such extent as may be decided by the appropriate
Government free of cost for community and social gatherings. (9) Any alienation of tribal lands or
lands belonging to members of the Scheduled Castes in disregard of the laws and regulations for the
time being in force shall be treated as null and void, and in the case of acquisition of such lands, the
rehabilitation and resettlement benefits shall be made available to the original tribal land owners or
land owners belonging to the Scheduled Castes. (10) The affected Scheduled Tribes, other traditional
forest dwellers and the Scheduled Castes having fishing rights in a river or pond or dam in the
affected area shall be given fishing rights in the reservoir area of the irrigation or hydel projects. (11)
Where the affected families belonging to the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes are
relocated outside of the district, then, they shall be paid an additional twenty-five per cent.
rehabilitation and resettlement benefits to which they are entitled in monetary terms along with a
onetime entitlement of fifty thousand rupees.
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 Prevention of Land Acquisition in Scheduled Areas:
 Generally, no land acquisition is allowed in Scheduled Areas.
 Consent Requirement:
 If acquisition occurs, it must be the last resort.
 Prior consent from the concerned Gram Sabha, Panchayats, or autonomous District Councils
in Scheduled Areas is mandatory before issuing notifications.
 Development Plan for Displaced Scheduled Castes and Tribes:
 For projects causing displacement in Scheduled Castes or Tribes:
  A Development Plan should be prepared for settling land rights and restoring titles.
 Special drives should address land rights and titles of the Scheduled Tribes.
 Compensation for Scheduled Castes and Tribes:
 At least one-third of compensation for land acquired from Scheduled Castes or Tribes should
be paid initially, and the rest after possession.
 Resettlement and Cultural Identity:
 Resettlement of affected Scheduled Tribes should preferably be in the same Scheduled Area
to retain ethnic, linguistic, and cultural identity.
 Free Land for Community Gatherings:
 Resettlement areas primarily inhabited by Scheduled Castes and Tribes should receive free
land for community and social gatherings.
 Protection Against Alienation:
 Any alienation of tribal lands disregarding laws is null and void.
 Rehabilitation benefits should be provided to the original tribal landowners or Scheduled
Castes landowners.
 Fishing Rights:
 Affected Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes with fishing rights should retain these rights
in the reservoir area of irrigation or hydel projects.
 Additional Benefits for Relocated Families:
 Families relocated outside the district receive an additional 25% rehabilitation and
resettlement benefits and a one-time entitlement of fifty thousand rupees.

You
42. Reservation and other benefits.–(1) All benefits, including the reservation benefits available to the
Scheduled Tribes and the Scheduled Castes in the affected areas shall continue in the resettlement
area. (2) Whenever the affected families belonging to the Scheduled Tribes who are residing in the
Scheduled Areas referred to in the Fifth Schedule or the tribal areas referred to in the Sixth Schedule
to the Constitution are relocated outside those areas, than, all the statutory safeguards, entitlements
and benefits being enjoyed by them under this Act shall be extended to the area to which they are
resettled regardless of whether the resettlment area is a Scheduled Area referred to in the said Fifth
Schedule, or a tribal area referred to in the said Sixth Schedule, or not. (3) Where the community
rights have been settled under the provisions of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest
Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (2 of 2007), the same shall be quantified in
monetary amount and be paid to the individual concerned who has been displaced due to the
acquisition of land in proportion with his share in such community rights
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 Continuation of Reservation Benefits:
 In the resettlement area, all benefits, including reservation benefits for Scheduled Tribes and
Scheduled Castes, will continue.
 Extension of Safeguards and Benefits for Relocated Families:
 If Scheduled Tribes families are relocated outside their designated areas, statutory
safeguards, entitlements, and benefits under this Act will be extended to the resettled area,
regardless of its Scheduled or tribal status.
 Quantification of Community Rights:
 If community rights are settled under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest
Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, the amount equivalent to those rights shall
be quantified and paid to the individual affected by displacement, in proportion to their
share in such community rights.

You
43. Appointment of Administrator.–(1) Where the appropriate Government is satisfied that there is
likely to be involuntary displacement of persons due to acquisition of land, then, the State
Government shall, by notification, appoint in respect of that project, an officer not below the rank of
Joint Collector or Additional Collector or Deputy Collector or equivalent official of Revenue
Department to be the Administrator for Rehabilitation and Resettlement. (2) The Administrator shall,
with a view to enable him to function efficiently and to meet the special time-frame, be provided
with such powers, duties and responsibilities as may be prescribed by the appropriate Government
and provided with office infrastructure and be assisted by such officers and employees who shall be
subordinate to him as the appropriate Government may decide. (3) Subject to the superintendence,
directions and control of the appropriate Government and the 31 Commissioner for Rehabilitation
and Resettlement, the formulation, execution and monitoring of the Rehabilitation and Resettlement
Scheme shall vest in the Administrator.
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 Appointment of Administrator:
 When involuntary displacement is anticipated due to land acquisition, the State Government
will appoint an officer, not below the rank of Joint Collector, Additional Collector, Deputy
Collector, or equivalent, as the Administrator for Rehabilitation and Resettlement for the
concerned project.
 Administrator's Powers and Responsibilities:
 The Administrator will be granted powers, duties, and responsibilities as prescribed by the
appropriate Government to efficiently manage the rehabilitation and resettlement process
within the specified timeframe.
 The Administrator will have an office infrastructure and will be assisted by subordinate
officers and employees, as determined by the appropriate Government.
 Execution and Monitoring Authority:
 Subject to the superintendence, directions, and control of the appropriate Government and
the Commissioner for Rehabilitation and Resettlement, the Administrator is entrusted with
the formulation, execution, and monitoring of the Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme
for the project.

You
 45. Rehabilitation and resettlement committee at project level.–(1) Where land proposed to be
acquired is equal to or more than one hundred acres, the appropriate Government shall constitute a
Committee under the chairmanship of the Collector to be called the Rehabilitation and Resettlement
Committee, to monitor and review the progress of implementation of the Rehabilitation and
Resettlement scheme and to carry out post-implementation social audits in consultation with the
Gram Sabha in rural areas and municipality in urban areas. (2) The Rehabilitation and Resettlement
Committee shall include, apart from officers of the appropriate Government, the following members,
namely:— (a) a representative of women residing in the affected area; (b) a representative each of
the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes residing in the affected area; (c) a representative of a
voluntary organisation working in the area; (d) a representative of a nationalised bank; (e) the Land
Acquisition Officer of the project; (f) the Chairpersons of the panchayats or municipalities located in
the affected area or their nominees; (g) the Chairperson of the District Planning Committee or his
nominee; (h) the Member of Parliament and Member of the Legislative Assembly of the concerned
area or their nominees; (i) a representative of the Requiring Body; and (j) Administrator for
Rehabilitation and Resettlement as the Member-Convenor. (3) The procedure regulating the
discharge of the process given in this section and other matters connected thereto of the
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Committee shall be such as may be prescribed by the appropriate
Government.
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 Formation of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Committee:
 If the land to be acquired is equal to or more than one hundred acres, the appropriate
Government will establish a committee called the "Rehabilitation and Resettlement
Committee," chaired by the Collector.
 Committee Composition:
 The committee will comprise various members, including officers of the appropriate
Government, as well as representatives from different sectors, such as women residing in the
affected area, representatives of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, a voluntary
organization working in the area, a nationalized bank representative, the Land Acquisition
Officer of the project, chairpersons of local panchayats or municipalities, the Chairperson of
the District Planning Committee or nominee, Members of Parliament and Legislative
Assembly of the concerned area or their nominees, a representative of the Requiring Body,
and the Administrator for Rehabilitation and Resettlement as the Member-Convenor.
 Functions of the Committee:
 The committee's primary functions include monitoring and reviewing the progress of the
Rehabilitation and Resettlement scheme's implementation.
 It is also tasked with conducting post-implementation social audits in consultation with Gram
Sabha in rural areas and municipalities in urban areas.
 Prescribed Procedures:
 The appropriate Government will prescribe the procedures governing the functioning of the
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Committee and other related matters.

You
make it more structured in bullet points
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 Formation of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Committee:
 If land acquisition involves an area equal to or exceeding one hundred acres, the appropriate
Government establishes the "Rehabilitation and Resettlement Committee."
 Committee Composition:
 Members include officers of the appropriate Government and representatives from various
sectors:
 Women residing in the affected area.
 Representatives of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
 Representative of a voluntary organization working in the area.
 Representative of a nationalized bank.
 Land Acquisition Officer of the project.
 Chairpersons of local panchayats or municipalities.
 Chairperson of the District Planning Committee or nominee.
 Members of Parliament and Legislative Assembly of the concerned area or their
nominees.
 Representative of the Requiring Body.
 Administrator for Rehabilitation and Resettlement as the Member-Convenor.
 Functions of the Committee:
 Monitor and review the progress of implementing the Rehabilitation and Resettlement
scheme.
 Conduct post-implementation social audits.
 Consult with Gram Sabha in rural areas and municipalities in urban areas.
 Prescribed Procedures:
 The appropriate Government will define the procedures governing the committee's
functioning and other related matters.

You
44. Commissioner for rehabilitation and resettlement.–(1) The State Government shall appoint an
officer of the rank of Commissioner or Secretary of that Government for rehabilitation and
resettlement of affected families under this Act, to be called the Commissioner for Rehabilitation and
Resettlement. (2) The Commissioner shall be responsible for supervising the formulation of
rehabilitation and resettlement schemes or plans and proper implementation of such schemes or
plans. (3) The Commissioner shall be responsible for the post-implementation social audit in
consultation with the Gram Sabha in rural areas and municipality in urban areas.
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 Appointment of Commissioner for Rehabilitation and Resettlement:
 Officer of the rank of Commissioner or Secretary appointed by the State Government.
 Role and Responsibilities:
 Supervise the formulation of rehabilitation and resettlement schemes or plans.
 Ensure the proper implementation of the formulated schemes or plans.
 Responsible for post-implementation social audits.
  Consult with Gram Sabha in rural areas and municipalities in urban areas during the social
audit process.

You
46. Provisions relating to rehabilitation and resettlement to apply in case of certain persons other
than specified persons.—(1) Where any person other than a specified person is purchasing land
through private negotiations for an area equal to or more than such limits, as may be notified by the
appropriate Government, considering the relevant State specific factors and circumstances, for which
the payment of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Costs under this Act is required, he shall file an
application with the District Collector notifying him of— (a) intent to purchase; (b) purpose for which
such purchase is being made; (c) particulars of lands to be purchased. (2) It shall be the duty of the
Collector to refer the matter to the Commissioner for the satisfaction of all relevant provisions under
this Act related to rehabilitation and resettlement. 32 (3) Based upon the Rehabilitation and
Resettlement Scheme approved by the Commissioner as per the provisions of this Act, the Collector
shall pass individual awards covering Rehabilitation and Resettlement entitlements as per the
provisions of this Act. (4) No land use change shall be permitted if rehabilitation and resettlement is
not complied with in full. (5) Any purchase of land by a person other than specified persons without
complying with the provisions of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme shall be void ab initio:
Provided that the appropriate Government may provide for rehabilitation and resettlement
provisions on sale or purchase of land in its State and shall also fix the limits or ceiling for the said
purpose. (6) If any land has been purchased through private negotiations by a person on or after the
5th day of September, 2011, which is more than such limits referred to in sub-section (1) and, if the
same land is acquired within three years from the date of commencement of this Act, then, forty per
cent. of the compensation paid for such land acquired shall be shared with the original land owners.
Explanation.—For the purpose of this section, the expression— (a) “original land owner” refers to the
owner of the land as on the 5th day of September, 2011; (b) “specified persons” includes any person
other than— (i) appropriate Government; (ii) Government company; (iii) association of persons or
trust or society as registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 (21 of 1860), wholly or
partially aided by the appropriate Government or controlled by the appropriate Government.
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 Application Filing by Person Purchasing Land:
 Person other than a specified person purchasing land through private negotiations must file
an application with the District Collector.
 The application should include details such as intent to purchase, purpose, and particulars of
the lands.
 Referral to Commissioner:
 The Collector is responsible for referring the matter to the Commissioner to ensure
compliance with relevant provisions of rehabilitation and resettlement.
 Approval and Individual Awards:
 Based on the approved Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme, the Collector issues
individual awards covering entitlements.
 Land Use Change and Compliance:
 No land use change is permitted without full compliance with rehabilitation and resettlement
provisions.
 Validity of Land Purchase:
 Purchase of land without compliance with Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme
provisions is void ab initio.
 The appropriate Government may set limits or ceilings for rehabilitation and resettlement
provisions.
 Compensation Sharing:
 If land purchased after September 5, 2011, is acquired within three years of the Act's
commencement, 40% of the compensation paid must be shared with the original
landowners.
 Definitions:
 "Original land owner" refers to the landowner as of September 5, 2011.
 "Specified persons" exclude appropriate Government, Government company, and certain
registered entities aided or controlled by the appropriate Government.

 Sure, here is an explanation of Section 46 of the Land Acquisition Act,
1894, with an example:
 Section 46 deals with the rehabilitation and resettlement of people who
have been displaced from their land due to land acquisition. The section
applies to persons other than specified persons, such as the
government, government companies, and certain non-profit
organizations.
 Subsection (1) states that if a person other than a specified person is
purchasing land through private negotiations for an area equal to or
more than the specified limits, they must file an application with the
District Collector notifying them of their intent to purchase, the purpose
of the purchase, and the particulars of the lands to be purchased.
 Subsection (2) states that the Collector must refer the matter to the
Commissioner for the satisfaction of all relevant provisions under the
Act related to rehabilitation and resettlement.
 Subsection (3) states that the Collector must pass individual awards
covering rehabilitation and resettlement entitlements based on the
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme approved by the
Commissioner.
 Subsection (4) states that no land use change shall be permitted if
rehabilitation and resettlement is not complied with in full.
 Subsection (5) states that any purchase of land by a person other than
specified persons without complying with the provisions of the
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme shall be void ab initio.
However, the appropriate government may provide for rehabilitation and
resettlement provisions on the sale or purchase of land in its State and
shall also fix the limits or ceiling for the said purpose.
  Subsection (6) states that if any land has been purchased through
private negotiations by a person on or after the 5th day of September,
2011, which is more than the specified limits referred to in subsection
(1), and if the same land is acquired within three years from the date of
commencement of the Act, then 40% of the compensation paid for such
land acquired shall be shared with the original landowners.
 Example:
 A private company purchases 100 acres of land through private
negotiations. The specified limit is 50 acres. Therefore, the company
must comply with the rehabilitation and resettlement provisions of the
Act. The company must file an application with the District Collector
notifying them of their intent to purchase, the purpose of the purchase,
and the particulars of the lands to be purchased. The Collector must
then refer the matter to the Commissioner for the satisfaction of all
relevant provisions under the Act related to rehabilitation and
resettlement. The Commissioner will approve a Rehabilitation and
Resettlement Scheme, and the Collector will pass individual awards
covering rehabilitation and resettlement entitlements based on the
Scheme. The company must comply with the provisions of the Scheme
in full, otherwise, the land use change will not be permitted. If the
company does not comply with the provisions of the Scheme, their
purchase of the land will be void ab initio.
 I hope this explanation is helpful. Please let me know if you have any
other questions.

You
47. Quantification and deposit of rehabilitation and resettlement amount.–Where the Collector is of
the view that the obligations of the Requiring Body with regard to rehabilitation and resettlement
can be quantified into monetary amount, he shall allow the payment of such amount into an account
in complete satisfaction of such obligations, which shall be administered by the Administrator
appointed under section 43, under the supervision of the Collector.
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 Quantification of Obligations:
 If the Collector determines that rehabilitation and resettlement obligations of the Requiring
Body can be expressed in monetary terms.
 Payment into Designated Account:
 The determined amount is allowed to be paid into a specified account to fulfill the
rehabilitation and resettlement obligations.
 Administration by the Administrator:
  The account is administered by the Administrator appointed under section 43, and the
Collector supervises this process.

You
48. Establishment of National Monitoring Committee for rehabilitation and
resettlement.–(1) The Central Government may, whenever necessary, for
national or inter-State projects, constitute a National Monitoring Committee
for reviewing and monitoring the implementation of rehabilitation and
resettlement schemes or plans under this Act. (2) The Committee may, besides
having representation of the concerned Ministries and Departments of the
Central and State Governments, associate with it eminent experts from the
relevant fields. 33 (3) The procedures to be followed by the Committee and
the allowances payable to the experts shall be such as may be prescribed. (4)
The Central Government shall provide officers and other employees to the
Committee necessary for its efficient functioning.
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 Committee Formation:
 The Central Government has the authority to establish a National
Monitoring Committee for overseeing and evaluating the
implementation of rehabilitation and resettlement schemes under this
Act.
 Composition:
 The Committee comprises representatives from concerned Ministries
and Departments of both Central and State Governments.
 Eminent experts from relevant fields may be associated with the
Committee.
 Procedures and Allowances:
 The procedures followed by the Committee and the allowances for
experts are subject to prescribed regulations.
 Government Support:
 The Central Government is responsible for providing the necessary
officers and employees required for the efficient functioning of the
Committee.
 You
49. Reporting requirements.–The States and Union territories shall provide all
the relevant information on the matters covered under this Act, to the
National Monitoring Committee in a regular and timely manner, and also as
and when required.
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 Reporting Obligations:
 States and Union territories are mandated to furnish comprehensive and
timely information on aspects governed by this Act.
 Recipient:
 The National Monitoring Committee is the designated recipient of the
information.
 Regular and On-Demand Reporting:
 Information should be submitted periodically as well as promptly upon
request.

You
50. Establishment of State Monitoring Committee for rehabilitation and
resettlement.–(1) The State Government shall constitute a State Monitoring
Committee for reviewing and monitoring the implementation of rehabilitation
and resettlement schemes or plans under this Act. (2) The Committee may,
besides having representatives of the concerned Ministries and Departments
of the State Government, associate with it eminent experts from the relevant
fields. (3) The procedures to be followed by the Committee and the allowances
payable to the experts shall be such as may be prescribed by the State. (4) The
State Government shall provide such officers and other employees to the
Committee as may be necessary for its efficient functioning
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 Committee Formation:
 The State Government is required to establish a State Monitoring
Committee.
 Composition:
 The Committee includes representatives from relevant State Ministries
and Departments.
 Eminent experts from pertinent fields can be associated.
 Procedures and Allowances:
 Prescribed procedures and allowances for experts will govern the
Committee's operations.
 Government Support:
 The State Government is responsible for providing essential officers and
staff to facilitate the Committee's effective functioning.

You
51. Establishment of Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement
Authority.–(1) The appropriate Government shall, for the purpose of providing
speedy disposal of disputes relating to land acquisition, compensation,
rehabilitation and resettlement, establish, by notification, one or more
Authorities to be known as “the Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and
Resettlement Authority” to exercise jurisdiction, powers and authority
conferred on it by or under this Act. (2) The appropriate Government shall also
specify in the notification referred to in sub-section (1) the areas within which
the Authority may exercise jurisdiction for entertaining and deciding the
references made to it under section 64 or applications made by the applicant
under second proviso to sub-section (1) of section 64.
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 Authority Establishment:
 The appropriate Government is mandated to establish the "Land
Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Authority."
 Jurisdiction Specification:
 The notification by the appropriate Government must specify the areas
in which the Authority is empowered to exercise jurisdiction.
 This jurisdiction covers matters related to land acquisition,
compensation, rehabilitation, and resettlement.
 Purpose:
  The primary objective is to ensure the expeditious resolution of disputes
pertaining to land acquisition and associated processes.
 Reference Handling:
 The Authority has the authority to entertain and decide references made
under section 64 or applications submitted by the applicant according
to the second proviso to sub-section (1) of section 64.

You
52. Composition of Authority.–(1) The Authority shall consist of one person
only (hereinafter referred to as the Presiding Officer) to be appointed, by
notification, by the appropriate Government. (2) Notwithstanding anything
contained in sub-section (1), the appropriate Government may authorise the
Presiding Officer of one Authority to discharge also the functions of the
Presiding Officer of another Authority
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 Single-Member Composition:
 The Authority is to be composed of a single person referred to as the
"Presiding Officer."
 This individual is appointed by the appropriate Government through a
notification.
 Dual Functions Authorization:
 The appropriate Government holds the authority to empower the
Presiding Officer of one Authority to also perform the functions of the
Presiding Officer of another Authority.

You
53. Qualifications for appointment as Presiding Officer.–(1) A person shall not
be qualified for appointment as the Presiding Officer of an Authority unless,—
(a) he is or has been a District Judge; or (b) he is a qualified legal practitioner
for not less than seven years. (2) A Presiding Officer shall be appointed by the
appropriate Government in consultation with the Chief Justice of a High Court
in whose jurisdiction the Authority is proposed to be established
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 Qualifications for Presiding Officer:
 A person eligible for appointment as the Presiding Officer of an
Authority must meet either of the following criteria:
 (a) Holds or has held the position of a District Judge; or
 (b) Qualifies as a legal practitioner with a minimum of seven years
of experience.
 The appointment of the Presiding Officer is made by the appropriate
Government, in consultation with the Chief Justice of a High Court
within whose jurisdiction the Authority is intended to be established.

You
54. Terms of office of Presiding Officer.–The Presiding Officer of an Authority
shall hold office for a term of three years from the date on which he enters
upon his office or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is
earlier every excerpt i provide you with from now on in this chat should be
summarised smartly in structured bullet points, starting with this
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 Terms of Office for Presiding Officer:
 The Presiding Officer of an Authority serves a term of three years.
 The term begins on the date the officer assumes office.
 The tenure ends either after three years or upon reaching the age of
sixty-five, whichever comes first.

You
55. Staff of Authority.–(1) The appropriate Government shall provide the
Authority with a Registrar and such other officers and employees as that
Government may think fit. (2) The Registrar and other officers and employees
of an Authority shall discharge their functions under the general
superintendence of the Presiding Officer. (3) The salaries and allowances and
other conditions of service of the Registrar and other officers 34 and
employees of an Authority shall be such as may be prescribed.
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 Staff of Authority:
 The appropriate Government is responsible for providing staff to the
Authority.
 The staff includes a Registrar and other officers and employees.
 The Registrar and staff function under the general superintendence of
the Presiding Officer.
 Salaries, allowances, and conditions of service are determined as per
prescribed regulations.

You
56. Salary and allowances and other terms and conditions of service of
Presiding Officers.– The salary and allowances payable to and the other terms
and conditions of service (including pension, gratuity and other retirement
benefits) of the Presiding Officer of an Authority, shall be such as may be
prescribed: Provided that neither the salary and allowances nor the other
terms and conditions of service of the said Presiding Officers shall be varied to
their disadvantage after appointment every excerpt i provide you with from
now on in this chat should be summarised smartly in structured bullet points,
starting with this.
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 Salary and Allowances of Presiding Officers:
 The salary, allowances, and terms of service for the Presiding Officer of
an Authority are determined by prescribed regulations.
 There is a provision that these terms cannot be altered to the
disadvantage of the Presiding Officer after appointment.

You
57. Filling up of vacancies.–If, for any reason other than temporary absence,
any vacancy occurs in the office of the Presiding Officer of an Authority then
the appropriate Government shall appoint another person in accordance with
the provisions of this Act to fill the vacancy and the proceedings may be
continued before the Authority from the stage at which the vacancy is filled.
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 Filling Vacancies in the Office of the Presiding Officer:
 In case of any vacancy in the office of the Presiding Officer of an
Authority, the appropriate Government will appoint a replacement.
 Proceedings before the Authority can continue from the stage at which
the vacancy is filled.

You
58. Resignation and removal.–(1) The Presiding Officer of an Authority may, by
notice in writing under his hand addressed to the appropriate Government,
resign his office: Provided that the Presiding Officer shall, unless he is
permitted by the appropriate Government to relinquish his office sooner,
continue to hold office until the expiry of three months from the date of
receipt of such notice or until a person duly appointed as his successor enters
upon his office or until the expiry of his term of office, whichever is earlier. (2)
The Presiding Officer of an Authority shall not be removed from his office
except by an order made by the appropriate Government on the ground of
proven misbehaviour or incapacity after inquiry in the case of the Presiding
Officer of an Authority made by a Judge of a High Court in which the
Presiding Officer concerned has been informed of the charges against him and
given a reasonable opportunity of being heard in respect of these charges. (3)
The appropriate Government may, by rules, regulate the procedure for the
investigation of misbehaviour or incapacity of the aforesaid Presiding Officer.
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 Resignation and Removal of Presiding Officer:
 Resignation:
 The Presiding Officer of an Authority can resign by providing a
written notice to the appropriate Government.
 Unless permitted to relinquish the office sooner, the Presiding
Officer continues to hold office for three months from the date of
notice or until a successor is appointed, whichever is earlier.
 Removal:
  The Presiding Officer can only be removed by the appropriate
Government.
 Removal can occur on grounds of proven misbehavior or
incapacity after an inquiry led by a High Court Judge.
 The Presiding Officer must be informed of the charges and given a
reasonable opportunity to be heard.
 Regulation of Removal Procedure:
 The appropriate Government may, through rules, regulate the
procedure for investigating misbehavior or incapacity of the
Presiding Officer.

You
59. Orders constituting Authority to be final and not to invalidate its
proceedings.–No order of the appropriate Government appointing any person
as the Presiding Officer of an Authority shall be called in question in any
manner, and no act or proceeding before an Authority shall be called in
question in any manner on the ground merely of any defect in the constitution
of an Authority.
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 Finality of Orders Constituting Authority:
 Orders of the appropriate Government appointing a person as the
Presiding Officer of an Authority are not subject to questioning.
 No act or proceeding before an Authority can be challenged due to any
defect in the Authority's constitution.

You
functions under this Act, shall have the same powers as are vested in a civil
court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908) in respect of the
following matters, namely:— (a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of
any person and examining him on oath; (b) discovery and production of any
document or other material object producible as evidence; (c) receiving
evidence on affidavits; (d) requisitioning of any public record; (e) issuing
commission for the examination of witnesses; (f) reviewing its decisions,
directions and orders; (g) any other matter which may be prescribed. (2) The
 Authority shall have original jurisdiction to adjudicate upon every reference
made to it under section 64. (3) The Authority shall not be bound by the
procedure laid down in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908) but shall
be guided by the principles of natural justice and subject to the other
provisions of this Act and of any rules made thereunder, the Authority shall
have the power to regulate its own procedure. (4) The Authority shall, after
receiving reference under section 64 and after giving notice of such reference
to all the parties concerned and after affording opportunity of hearing to all
parties, dispose 35 of such reference within a period of six months from the
date of receipt of such reference and make an award accordingly. (5) The
Authority shall arrange to deliver copies of the award to the parties concerned
within a period of fifteen days from the date of such award.
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 Powers of the Authority:
 The Authority, in carrying out its functions under this Act, is endowed
with powers akin to a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
(5 of 1908) for various matters.
 Summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person for
examination under oath.
 Discovery and production of documents or other material objects
as evidence.
 Receiving evidence on affidavits.
 Requisitioning of any public record.
 Issuing commission for the examination of witnesses.
 Reviewing its decisions, directions, and orders.
 Dealing with any other matter as prescribed.
 The Authority has original jurisdiction to adjudicate on references made
under section 64.
 The procedural rules of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, are not
binding on the Authority, but it operates under the principles of natural
justice and its own procedure regulations.
 The Authority is mandated to dispose of references within six months of
receipt, following notice and an opportunity for a hearing to all parties.
  Copies of the award must be provided to the concerned parties within
fifteen days from the date of the award.

You
61. Proceedings before Authority to be judicial proceedings.–All proceedings
before the Authority shall be deemed to be judicial proceedings within the
meaning of sections 193 and 228 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) and
the Authority shall be deemed to be a civil court for the purposes of sections
345 and 346 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974). 62. Members
and officers of Authority to be public servants.–The Member and officers of
the Authority shall be deemed to be public servants within the meaning of
section 21 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860). make structured bullet
pointers and do not leave any information behind
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 Proceedings Status:
 All proceedings conducted by the Authority are considered judicial
proceedings under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) sections 193 and 228.
 The Authority holds the status of a civil court for the application of
sections 345 and 346 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
 Public Servant Status:
 Members and officers serving in the Authority are designated as public
servants under section 21 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC).

You
63. Jurisdiction of civil courts barred.–No civil court (other than High Court
under article 226 or article 227 of the Constitution or the Supreme Court) shall
have jurisdiction to entertain any dispute relating to land acquisition in respect
of which the Collector or the Authority is empowered by or under this Act, and
no injunction shall be granted by any court in respect of any such matter.
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 Jurisdiction Restriction:
  Civil courts, except the High Court under Article 226 or Article 227 of the
Constitution and the Supreme Court, are prohibited from entertaining
disputes related to land acquisition covered by the powers of the
Collector or the Authority under this Act.
 Courts are not allowed to issue injunctions in matters falling under the
purview of the Collector or the Authority.

You
64. Reference to Authority.–(1) Any person interested who has not accepted
the award may, by written application to the Collector, require that the matter
be referred by the Collector for the determination of the Authority, as the case
may be, whether his objection be to the measurement of the land, the amount
of the compensation, the person to whom it is payable, the rights of
Rehabilitation and Resettlement under Chapters V and VI or the
apportionment of the compensation among the persons interested: Provided
that the Collector shall, within a period of thirty days from the date of receipt
of application, make a reference to the appropriate Authority: Provided further
that where the Collector fails to make such reference within the period so
specified, the applicant may apply to the Authority, as the case may be,
requesting it to direct the Collector to make the reference to it within a period
of thirty days. (2) The application shall state the grounds on which objection to
the award is taken: Provided that every such application shall be made— (a) if
the person making it was present or represented before the Collector at the
time when he made his award, within six weeks from the date of the
Collector’s award; (b) in other cases, within six weeks of the receipt of the
notice from the Collector under section 21, or within six months from the date
of the Collector’s award, whichever period shall first expire: Provided further
that the Collector may entertain an application after the expiry of the said
period, within a further period of one year, if he is satisfied that there was
sufficient cause for not filing it within the period specified in the first proviso.
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 Reference to Authority:
 A person interested, dissatisfied with the award, can submit a written
application to the Collector for referral to the Authority.
  The application may pertain to objections regarding land measurement,
compensation amount, payee, Rehabilitation and Resettlement rights
(under Chapters V and VI), or the distribution of compensation among
involved parties.
 The Collector is obligated to make the reference to the appropriate
Authority within thirty days of receiving the application.
 In case the Collector fails to make the reference within the specified
period, the applicant can directly approach the Authority to instruct the
Collector to make the reference within thirty days.
 Application Details:
 The application must clearly state the grounds on which the objection to
the award is based.
 Timeframe for Application:
 If the person was present or represented during the Collector's
award, the application must be made within six weeks from the
award date.
 In other cases, the application must be submitted within six weeks
from receiving the notice from the Collector under section 21 or
within six months from the Collector's award, whichever comes
first.
 Additionally, the Collector has the discretion to entertain an application
beyond the specified period (up to one year) if there is sufficient cause
for the delay.

You
65. Collector’s statement to Authority.–(1) In making the reference, the
Collector shall state for the information of the Authority, in writing under his
hand— (a) the situation and extent of the land, with particulars of any trees,
buildings or standing crops thereon; (b) the names of the persons whom he
has reason to think interested in such land; (c) the amount awarded for
damages and paid or tendered under section 13, and the amount of
compensation awarded under the provisions of this Act; (d) the amount paid
or deposited under any other provisions of this Act; and (e) if the objection be
to the amount of the compensation, the grounds on which the amount of
compensation was determined. 36 (2) The statement under sub-section (1)
 shall be attached a schedule giving the particulars of the notices served upon,
and of the statements in writing made or delivered by the persons interested
respectively
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 Collector's Statement to Authority:
 The Collector, while making the reference to the Authority, is required to
provide written information, including:
 The location and extent of the land, specifying any trees,
buildings, or standing crops on it.
 Names of individuals believed to have an interest in the land.
 The amount awarded for damages and the sum paid or tendered
under section 13.
 The compensation amount determined under the Act.
 Any amount paid or deposited according to other provisions of
the Act.
 In case of objection to the compensation amount, the grounds on
which the compensation was determined.
 Additionally, a schedule detailing notices served and statements made
or delivered by the concerned parties shall be attached to the
statement.

You
66. Service of notice by Authority.–The Authority shall thereupon cause a
notice specifying the day on which the Authority will proceed to determine the
objection, and directing their appearance before the Authority on that day, to
be served on the following persons, namely:— (a) the applicant; (b) all persons
interested in the objection, except such (if any) of them as have consented
without protest to receive payment of the compensation awarded; and (c) if
the objection is in regard to the area of the land or to the amount of the
compensation, the Collector.
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 Service of Notice by Authority:
  The Authority, after receiving the reference, is mandated to issue notices
to the following individuals:
 The applicant who raised the objection.
 All persons interested in the objection, excluding those who have
agreed to receive the awarded compensation without protest.
 If the objection pertains to the land area or compensation
amount, the Collector is also notified.

You
67. Restriction on scope of proceedings.–The scope of the enquiry in every
such proceeding shall be restricted to a consideration of the interest of the
persons affected by the objection. 68. Proceedings to be in public.–Every such
proceeding shall take place in public, and all persons entitled to practice in
any Civil Court in the State shall be entitled to appear, plead and act (as the
case may be) in such proceeding.
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 Scope of Proceedings:
 The inquiry in these proceedings is confined to evaluating the interests
of individuals affected by the objection.
 Public Nature of Proceedings:
 All proceedings in this context are required to be conducted in public.
 Individuals with the right to practice in any Civil Court in the State have
the entitlement to participate, plead, and act in these proceedings.

You
69. Determination of award by Authority.–(1) In determining the amount of
compensation to be awarded for land acquired including the Rehabilitation
and Resettlement entitlements, the Authority shall take into consideration
whether the Collector has followed the parameters set out under section 26 to
section 30 and the provisions under Chapter V of this Act. (2) In addition to
the market value of the land, as above provided, the Authority shall in every
case award an amount calculated at the rate of twelve per cent. per annum on
such market value for the period commencing on and from the date of the
publication of the preliminary notification under section 11 in respect of such
 land to the date of the award of the Collector or the date of taking possession
of the land, whichever is earlier. Explanation.—In computing the period
referred to in this sub-section, any period or periods during which the
proceedings for the acquisition of the land were held up on account of any
stay or injunction by the order of any Court shall be excluded. (3) In addition
to the market value of the land as above provided, the Authority shall in every
case award a solatium of one hundred per cent. over the total compensation
amount.
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 Determination of Compensation:
 The Authority, in deciding the compensation for acquired land,
considers whether the Collector adhered to the parameters outlined in
sections 26 to 30 and the provisions in Chapter V of the Act.
 Apart from the market value of the land, the Authority awards an
amount at a rate of twelve percent per annum on the market value. This
is calculated from the date of the preliminary notification under section
11 to either the Collector's award date or the possession date, whichever
is earlier.
 Note: Excludes any period affected by legal stays or injunctions.
 In every case, the Authority awards a solatium of one hundred percent
over the total compensation amount.

You
70. Form of award.–(1) Every award under this Chapter shall be in writing
signed by the Presiding Officer of the Authority, and shall specify the amount
awarded under clause first of section 28, and also the amounts (if any)
respectively awarded under each of the other clauses of the same subsection,
together with the grounds of awarding each of the said amounts. (2) Every
such award shall be deemed to be a decree and the statement of the grounds
of every such award a judgment within the meaning of clause (2), and clause
(9) of respectively, of section 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908
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 Form of Award:
  Every award made under this Chapter is a written document signed by
the Presiding Officer of the Authority.
 The award specifies:
 The amount awarded under the first clause of section 28.
 Amounts (if any) awarded under each of the other clauses of the
same subsection.
 Grounds for awarding each of these amounts.
 Each award is considered a decree, and the statement of grounds is
treated as a judgment under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.

You
Sure, here is an explanation of Section 71 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894:
**Section 71** deals with the costs incurred in land acquisition proceedings.
**Subsection (1)** states that every award made by the Collector shall also
state the amount of costs incurred in the proceeding and by whom and in
what proportions they are to be paid. This means that the Collector must
determine who is responsible for paying the costs of the proceeding and how
much each party must pay. **Subsection (2)** states that when the Collector's
award is not upheld, the costs shall ordinarily be paid by the Collector. This
means that if the applicant's claim is successful, the government will generally
be responsible for paying the costs of the proceeding. However, the Authority
concerned may order the applicant to pay a part of the Collector's costs if it is
of the opinion that the applicant's claim was so extravagant or that he was so
negligent in putting his case before the Collector. In other words, the costs of
land acquisition proceedings are generally borne by the government.
However, if the applicant's claim is found to be unreasonable or if they are
found to have been negligent in presenting their case, they may be ordered to
pay a part of the costs. Here is a table summarizing the key points of Section
71: | Provision | Explanation | |---|---| | Subsection (1) | The Collector must
determine who is responsible for paying the costs of the proceeding and how
much each party must pay. | | Subsection (2) | When the Collector's award is
not upheld, the costs shall ordinarily be paid by the Collector. However, the
Authority concerned may order the applicant to pay a part of the Collector's
costs if it is of the opinion that the applicant's claim was so extravagant or that
 he was so negligent in putting his case before the Collector. | I hope this
explanation is helpful. Please let me know if you have any other questions.
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Certainly! Here is a structured summary of Section 71 of the Land Acquisition
Act, 1894:

 Section 71 Overview:
 Objective: Deals with costs incurred in land acquisition proceedings.
 Subsection (1):
 Requirement: Every award made by the Collector must state:
 The amount of costs incurred in the proceeding.
 By whom and in what proportions these costs are to be paid.
 Collector's Role: Determines the responsible parties and the
distribution of costs.
 Subsection (2):
 Costs in Unsuccessful Appeals: When the Collector's award is not
upheld:
 Costs are ordinarily paid by the Collector (government).
 Exception: Authority may order the applicant to pay part of the
Collector's costs if the applicant's claim is deemed extravagant or
negligent.
 Summary Table:
Provision Explanation
Subsection (1) Collector determines responsible parties and cost distribution.
Costs are usually borne by the Collector; applicant may pay if claim is extravagant
Subsection (2) or negligent.

This section ensures transparency in determining and allocating costs in land

acquisition proceedings. If you have more sections or questions, feel free to
ask!

You
72. Collector may be directed to pay interest on excess compensation.–If the
sum, which in the opinion of the Authority concerned, the Collector ought to
 have awarded as compensation is in excess of the sum which the Collector did
award as compensation, the award of the Authority concerned may direct that
the Collector shall pay interest on such excess at the rate of nine per cent. per
annum from the date on which he took possession of the land to the date of
payment of such excess into Authority: 37 Provided that the award of the
Authority concerned may also direct that where such excess or any part
thereof is paid to the Authority after the date or expiry of a period of one year
from the date on which possession is taken, interest at the rate of fifteen per
cent. per annum shall be payable from the date of expiry of the said period of
one year on the amount of such excess or part thereof which has not been
paid into Authority before the date of such expiry
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Certainly! Here's a structured summary of Section 72 of the Land Acquisition
Act, 1894:

 Section 72 Overview:
 Objective: Deals with the payment of interest on excess compensation
that the Collector ought to have awarded.
 Key Provisions:
 Situation Addressed: When the Authority determines that the Collector
should have awarded more compensation than initially granted.
 Interest Rate: The Collector may be directed to pay interest:
 At nine per cent per annum on the excess compensation from the
date of possession to the date of payment into the Authority.
 If the excess or any part thereof is paid after one year from the
date of possession, interest at fifteen per cent per annum is
payable from the expiry of that one-year period.
 Proviso:
 The Authority's award may specify different interest rates based on the
timing of payment relative to the one-year period from the date of
possession.
 Summary Table:
Provision Explanation
Interest Rate Nine per cent per annum on excess compensation; fifteen per cent if paid after one
 Provision Explanation
year from possession.
Proviso Authority's award may specify different interest rates based on payment timing.

This section ensures that if the Collector underestimates compensation, they

may be liable to pay interest on the determined excess amount. If you have
more sections or questions, feel free to ask!
2/2

You
keep it a little short next time
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Certainly! Here's a concise summary of Section 72 of the Land Acquisition Act,
1894:

 Objective: Deals with interest payment by the Collector on excess

compensation.
 Interest Rates:
 Nine per cent per annum if paid within one year from possession.
 Fifteen per cent per annum if paid after one year from possession.
 Proviso: The Authority's award may specify different interest rates based on
payment timing.

Feel free to ask if you have further questions or need more summaries!

You
here you have done away with the situation that the section is addressing,
keep that as well
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Certainly! Let me provide a bit more context while keeping it concise:

Section 72 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894:

 Objective: Addresses situations where the compensation awarded by the
Collector is considered insufficient by the Authority.
 Interest Payment by Collector:
 Nine per cent per annum if the excess compensation is paid within one
year from the date of possession.
 Fifteen per cent per annum if the payment is made after one year from
the date of possession.
 Proviso: The Authority's award may specify different interest rates based on
the timing of payment.

This section ensures that if the Collector's awarded compensation is less than
what the Authority deems appropriate, interest is imposed on the Collector for
the shortfall.

You
73. Re-determination of amount of compensation on the basis of the award of
the Authority.– (1) Where in an award under this Chapter, the Authority
concerned allows to the applicant any amount of compensation in excess of
the amount awarded by the Collector under section 23, the persons interested
in all the other land covered by the same preliminary notification under
section 11, and who are also aggrieved by the award of the Collector may,
notwithstanding that they had not made an application to the Collector, by
written application to the Collector within three months from the date of the
award of the Authority concerned require that the amount of compensation
payable to them may be re-determined on the basis of the amount of
compensation awarded by the Authority: Provided that in computing the
period of three months within which an application to the Collector shall be
made under this sub-section, the day on which the award was pronounced
and the time requisite for obtaining a copy of the award shall be excluded. (2)
The Collector shall, on receipt of an application under sub-section (1), conduct
an inquiry after giving notice to all the persons interested and giving them a
reasonable opportunity of being heard, and make an award determining the
amount of compensation payable to the applicants. (3) Any person who has
not accepted the award under sub-section (2) may, by written application to
 the Collector, require that the matter be referred by the Collector for the
determination of the Authority concerned.
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Section 73 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894:

 Purpose:
 Allows persons interested in land, covered by the same preliminary
notification, to seek re-determination of compensation if the Authority
awards higher compensation than the Collector.
 Application Process:
 Those aggrieved must apply to the Collector within three months of the
Authority's award.
 The application period excludes the day of award pronouncement and
time needed to obtain a copy.
 Collector's Inquiry:
 Collector conducts an inquiry after notifying all interested parties.
 The inquiry provides a reasonable opportunity for all concerned to be
heard.
 Award by Collector:
 Collector makes a new award determining the compensation amount.
 Further Referral:
 Those dissatisfied with the Collector's award may request referral to the
Authority concerned.

This section ensures a mechanism for reviewing and adjusting compensation

when the Authority's award exceeds the Collector's original assessment.

You
74. Appeal to High Court.–(1) The Requiring Body or any person aggrieved by
the Award passed by an Authority under section 69 may file an appeal to the
High Court within sixty days from the date of Award: Provided that the High
Court may, if it is satisfied that the appellant was prevented by sufficient cause
from filing the appeal within the said period, allow it to be filed within a
further period not exceeding sixty days. (2) Every appeal referred to under
 sub-section (1) shall be heard as expeditiously as possible and endeavour shall
be made to dispose of such appeal within six months from the date on which
the appeal is presented to the High Court. Explanation.—For the purposes of
this section, “High Court” means the High Court within the jurisdiction of
which the land acquired or proposed to be acquired is situated.
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Section 74 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894:

 Purpose:
 Allows the Requiring Body or any aggrieved person to file an appeal to
the High Court against the award passed by an Authority under Section
69.
 Timeframe for Filing Appeal:
 The appeal must be filed within sixty days from the date of the Award.
 An additional period of up to sixty days may be allowed by the High
Court if sufficient cause is demonstrated.
 Expedited Hearing:
 The High Court is required to hear the appeal as expeditiously as
possible.
 Efforts should be made to dispose of the appeal within six months from
the date of its presentation to the High Court.
 Jurisdiction:
 The term "High Court" refers to the High Court within the jurisdiction
where the land acquired or proposed to be acquired is situated.

This section provides a legal recourse through the High Court for parties
dissatisfied with the award made by the Authority, ensuring a timely appeal
process.