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welding guide
Types of Welding Joints
The 5 Different Types Of Welding Joints
Butt Joint Lap Joint Corner Joint Edge Joint Tee Joint
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Different jobs need different types of welds. Different types of
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welding joints are made to stand up to the needs and forces of
each individual application.
Butt Welding Joint
A Butt Weld is a circumferential butt welded joint, and the most
common type of joint employed in the fabrication of welded pipe
systems. A butt joint is the most universally used method of joining
pipe to itself, fittings, flanges, Valves, and other equipment. This
welding technique is widely applied in situations where a quality
weld desired, and the weld by X-ray technically should be
investigated.
When the material to be welded exceeds 3/16" in thickness, the
ends of pipes, fittings and flanges must be chamfered at
approximately 37.5°, flared on a small upright side (Root face); in
practice we talk about the Welding Bevel.
The most used bevels are the "Plain bevel" from wall thicknesses
(t) 4 to 22.5 mm, and the "Compound bevel" for wall thicknesses
above 22 mm.
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ASME B16.25 covers the preparation of buttwelding ends of piping
components to be joined into a piping system by welding. It
includes requirements for welding bevels, for external and internal
shaping of heavy-wall components, and for preparation of internal
ends (including dimensions and dimensional tolerances). These
weld edge preparation requirements are also incorporated into
the ASME standards (e.g., B16.9, B16.5, B16.34).
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During the prefab from a pipe on a elbow e.g., a
"Gap" of approx. 3-4 mm should be created, to obtain
EXPLORE the WORLD of PIPING a proper weld penetration.
THE IMAGES BELOW SHOWS 2 EXAMPLES
Full Penetration Weld
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Incomplete Penetration Weld
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Lap Welding Joint
Lap welding joints are used most often to joint two
pieces with differing thicknesses together. Also
considered a fillet type, the weld can be made on one
or both sides. A Lap Joint is formed when 2 pieces are
placed in an over lapping pattern on top of each
other.
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Fillet Welding Joint
Fillet welded joints such as tee, lap and corner joints
EXPLORE the WORLD of PIPING are the most common connection in welded
fabrication. In total they probably account for around
70 to 80% of all joints made by arc welding. No edge
preparation is needed and assemblies in piping
systems are simpler. Therefore, fillet welds are
usually cheaper than butt welds.
In pipe systems fillet welded joints are generally used
for joining pipe to socket joints in sizes NPS 2 and
smaller, and in systems where Slip On flanges will be
used. The image below illustrates typical fillet welded
joints in a Socket Weld pipe system.
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ASME B31.1 1998 127.3 Preparation for Welding (E)
Socket Weld Assembly says:
In assembly of the joint before welding, the pipe or
tube shall be inserted into the socket to the
maximum depth and then withdrawn approximately
1/16" (1.6 mm) away from contact between the end
of the pipe and the shoulder of the socket.
The purpose for the bottoming clearance in a Socket
Weld is usually to reduce the residual stress at the
root of the weld that could occur during solidification
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of the weld metal, and to allow for differential
expansion of the mating elements.
EXPLORE the WORLD of PIPINGThe disadvantage of a Socket Weld system is right the
expansion gap and the space between the OD of the
pipe and the ID of the fitting. By corrosive products,
and mainly in stainless steel pipe systems, the crack
between pipe and flange, fitting or Valve can give
corrosion problems.
I am not an expert in this matter, but on the internet,
you will find a lot of information about forms of
corrosion.
In service applications, where complete weld
penetration to the inside of the piping is required,
socket welds are not acceptable, and generally butt
welds must be made.
Edge Welding Joint
Edge welding Joints are often applied to sheet metal
parts that have flanging edges or are placed at a
location where a weld must be made to attach to
adjacent pieces. Being a groove type weld, Edge
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Joints, the pieces are set side by side and welded on
the same edge. For heavier applications filler metal is
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reinforce the plate.
Tee Welding Joint
Tee welding joints are formed when two members
intersect at a 90 deg angle which makes the edges
come together in the center of a plate or component.
Tee Joints are considered a type of fillet weld, and can
also be made when a pipe or tube is welded onto a
base plate. Extra care is required to ensure effective
penetration into the roof of the weld.
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