GL494
GL494
PWM CONTROL CIRCUIT
Description Pin Configuration
The GL494 incorporates on a single monolithic chip all the
functions required in the construction of a pulse-width-
modulation control circuit. Designed primarily for power
supply control, the GL494 contains an on-chip 5-volt
regulator, two error amplifiers, adjustable oscillator, dead- NONINV INPUT 1 16 NON INV INPUT
time control comparator, pulse-steering flip-flop, and INV. INPUT 2 15 INV. INPUT
output-control circuitry. The uncommitted output FEEDBACK 3 14 REF. OUT
transistors pro-vide either common-emitter or emitter- DEAD TIME CONTROL 4 13 OUTPUT CONTROL
follower output capability. Push-pull or single-ended Cr 5 12 Vcc
output operation may be selected through the output- Rr 6 11 C2
control function. The ar-chitecture of the GL494 prohibits GND 7 10 E2
the possibility of either output being pulsed twice during C1 8 9 E1
push-pull operation.
Features
— Complete PWM Power Control Circuitry
— Uncommitted Outputs for 200mA Sink or Source
— Output Control Selects Single-Ended or Push-Pull
Operation
Function Table
— Internal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse at Either
Output Output Control Output Function
— Internal Regulator Provides a Stable 5V Reference Grounded Single-ended or Parallel Output
Supply
At Vref Normal Push-Pull Operation
— Variable Dead-Time Provides Control Over Total
Range
Block Diagram
RT
OUTPUT
CT OSCILLATOR CONTROL
(See Function Table)
PULSE STEERING (13)
FLIP FLOP
Q
0.1V
DEAD
TIME T
(4)
CONTROL
ERROR AMPLIFIERS Q
NONINVERTING(1) PWM
INPUT + COMPARATOR E1(9) C1(8)
INVERTING (2) −
INPUT ERROR AMP1 VCC
(12)
NONINVERTING(16) REFERENCE
INPUT + REF OUT
REGULATOR
INVERTING (15) − (14)
INPUT ERROR AMP2 GND
(3) E1(10) C2(11)
FEEDBACK (7)
1
GL494
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Voltage, VCC ……………………………………………………………………….. 41 V
Amplifier Input Voltage ……………………………………………………………….. VCC +0.3 V
Collector Output Voltage ……………………………………………………………………… 41 V
Continuous Total dissipation at (or below) 25 °C ………………………………………. 1000 mW
Operating Free-Air Temperature Range ……………………………………………… -20 to 85 °C
Storage Temperature Range ……………………………………………………….….. -65 to 150 °C
Collector Output Current ………………………………………………………………….. 250 mA
Recommended Operation Conditions
PARAMETER MIN MAX UNIT
Supply Voltage, VCC 7 40 V
Amplifier Input Voltage, V1 -0.3 VCC -2 V
Collector Output Voltage, Vo 40 V
Collector Output Current 200 mA
(Each Transistor)
Current Into Feed back Terminal 0.3 mA
Timing Capacitor, C T 0.47 10,000 nF
Timing Resistor, R T 1.8 500 KΩ
Oscillator Frequency 1 300 KHz
Operating Free-Air Temperature -20 85 °C
Electrical Characteristics (Temperature −20 ~ 85°C , VCC =15V, f=10KHz)
Reference Section
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1) MAX UNIT
Output voltage ( Vref ) IO = 1mA 4.75 5 5.25 V
Input regulation VCC = 7 V to 40V, TA = 25°C 2 25 mV
Output regulation IO = 1 to 10mA, TA = 25°C 1 15 mV
Output Voltage change
TA = −20°C to 85°C 0.2 1 %
with temperature
Short-circuit
Vref = 0 35 mA
Output current(2)
Oscillator Section
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1) MAX UNIT
Frequency C T = 0.01µF , R T = 12 kΩ 10 KHz
Standard deviation All values of VCC ,
10 %
of frequency (3) C T , R T , TA Constant
Frequency change with
VCC = 7 V to 40V, TA = 25°C 0.1 %
Voltage
Frequency change with C T = 0.01µF , R T = 12 kΩ
2 %
temperature TA = −20°C to 85°C
2
GL494
Dead Time Control Section
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1) MAX UNIT
Input bias current (pin 4) VI=0 to 5.25V -2 -10 µA
Maximum duty cycle,
VI ( pin 4) =0V 45 %
Each output
Input threshold voltage Zero duty cycle 3 3.3 V
(pin 4) Maximum duty cycle 0 V
Error Amp Sections
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1) MAX UNIT
Input offset voltage VO( PIN3) = 2.5V 2 10 mV
Input offset current VO( PIN3) = 2.5V 25 250 nA
Input bias current VO( PIN3) = 2.5V 0.2 1 µA
Common-mode input LOW -0.3
VCC = 7V to 40V V
voltage range HIGH VCC − 2
Open-loop voltage ∆VO = 3V, VO = 0.5 to3.
70 95 dB
Amplification 5V
Unity-gain bandwidth 800 KHz
Common-mode rejection ratio VCC = 40V , TA = 25°C 65 80 dB
VID = −15mV to –5V,
Output sink current (pin 3) 0.3 0.7 mA
VO( pin 3) = 0.7V
VID = 15mV to 5V,
Output source current (pin 3) -2 mA
VO( pin 3) = 3.5V
PWM Comparaor Section
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1) MAX UNIT
Input threshold voltage (pin 3) Zero duty cycle 4 4.5 V
Input sink current (pin 3) VO( pin 3) = 0.7V 0.3 0.7 mA
Switching Characteristics
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1) MAX UNIT
Output Voltage rise time Common-emitter configuration, 100 200 ns
Output Voltage fall time See Test Circuit 3 25 100 ns
Output Voltage rise time Emitter-follower configuration, 100 200 ns
Output Voltage fall time See Test Circuit 4 40 100 ns
3
GL494
Output Section
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1) MAX UNIT
Collector off-state current VCE = 40V, VCC = 40V 2 100 mA
Emitter off-state current VCC = VC = 40V, VE = 0 -100 mA
Collector-emitter Common-emitter VE = 0, I C = 200mA 1.1 1.3
V
Saturation voltage Emitter-follower VC = 15V, I E = −200mA 1.5 2.5
Output control input current VI = Vref 3.5 mA
Total Device
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1) MAX UNIT
All other inputs & VCC = 15V 6 10 mA
Standby supply current
Outputs open VCC = 40V 9 15 mA
V( pin 4) = 2V
Average supply current 7.5 mA
See Test circuit 1
Notes:
(1) All typical values except for temperature coefficients are at TA = 25 °C
(2) Duration of the short circuit should not exceed one second.
(3) Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula
N
∑ (X n − X ) 2
σ= n =1
N −1
4
GL494
Parameter Measurement Information
[Link] time and Feedback Control
Vcc=15V
VOLTAGE Vcc
AT C1
150Ω 150Ω 0
2W 2W VOLTAGE Vcc
TEST DEAD TIME (4) (8) C1 OUTPUT 1
AT C2
INPUTS
12kΩ FEEDBACK (3) (9) E1 0
Re (6)
Cr (5) (11) C2 OUTPUT 2 VOLTAGE
0.01µF AT CT
(+) (16) ERROR (12) E2
THRESHOLD VOLTAGE
(-) (15) AMP
(+) (1) ERROR DEAD-TIME
(-) (2) AMP
OUTPUT (14) REF CONTROL
50kΩ CONTROL GND (7) OUT INTPUT 0V THRESHOLD VOLTAGE
(13)
FEEDBACK 0.7V
0% MAX
0%
DUTY MAX
CYCLE
TEST CIRCUIT VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS
2. Error Amplifier Characteristics
ERROR AMPLIFIER
UNDER TEST
+
V1 FEEDBACK
TERMINAL
–
VREF –
OTHER
ERROR
AMPLIFIER
3. Common-Emitter Configuration
15V
(EACH OUTPUT
CIRCUIT)
68Ω
90% 90%
2W
OUTPUT
CL=15pF 10% 10%
(INCLUDES PROBE AND
JIG CAPACITANCE)
tr tf
TEST CIRCUIT OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM
5
GL494
4. Emitter-Follower Configuration
(EACH OUTPUT 15V
EIRCUIT)
90% 90%
10% 10%
OUTPUT
68Ω
2W tr tf
CL=15pF
(INCLUDES PROBE AND
JIG CAPACITANCE)
TEST CIRCUIT OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM
Typical Performance Curves
FIGURE 1 – OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY versus FIGURE 2 – OPEN LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN AND PHASE
AVOL, OPEN-LOOP VOATAGE GAIN (db)
300k TIMING RESISTANCE 100 versus FREQUENCY 20
90 0
100k
0.001 µF Vcc=15V
80
Vcc=15V
-20
Vo=3V
70 RL=2kΩ -40
10k AVOL
60 -60
CT=0.01 µF
50 θ -80
1k 40 -100
0.1 µF 30 -120
100 20 -140
0.1 µF 10 -160
30 0 -80
1k 2k 5k 10k 20k 50k 100k 200k 500k 1M 1.0 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M
RT, TIMING RESISTANCE (Ω) f, FREQUENCY (Hz)
FIGURE 3 – PERCENT DEAD TIME FIGURE 4 – PERCENT DUTY CYCLE versus
%DT. PERCENT DEADTIME, EACH OUTPUT
versus OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY DEAD-TIME CONTROL VOLTAGE
ACH OUTPUT
10 50
9 Vcc=15V
8 Vcc=15V 40 Voc=Vref
Voc=Vref 1) CT=0.01
7 RT=10k
V(PIN4)=0V CT=0.01 µF 1
6 30 2) CT=0.001
5 RT=30K
20
2
4
3
2 0.01 µF 10
1
0 0
100 1k 10k 100k 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.5
fo, OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (Hz) DEAD TIME CONTROL VOLTAGE (V)
6
GL494
FIGURE 5 – EMITTER-FOLLOWER CONFIGURATION FIGURE 6 – COMMON-EMITTER CONFIGURATION
OUTPUT-SATURATION VOLTAGE OUTPUT-SATURATION VOLTAGE
versus EMITTER CURRENT versus COLLECTOR CURRENT
1.9 1.3
1.8 1.2
Vcc=15V Vcc=15V
VCE(SAT), SATURATION VOLTAGE (V)
VCE(SAT), SATURATION VOLTAGE (V)
1.7 1.1
1.6 1.0
1.5 0.9
1.4 0.8
1.3 0.7
1.2 0.6
1.1 0.5
0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250
IE, EMITTER CURRENT (mA) Ic, COLLECTOR CURRENT (mA)
FUGURE 7 – STANDBY-SUPPLY CURRENT
versus SUPPLY VOLTAGE
8.0
Icc, SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
0 5.0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Vcc, SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)