CONIC SECTIONS
Problem-1: construct an ellipse when the distance of the focus from
2
the directrix is equal to 50 mm and eccentricity is
3
Problem-2: construct a parabola when the distance of the focus from
the directrix is equal to 50 mm
Problem-3: construct a hyperbola when the distance of the focus
3
from the directrix is equal to 50 mm and eccentricity is
2
CYCLOIDAL CURVES
Problem-1: A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls along a straight line
without slipping. Draw the curve traced out by a point P on the
circumference, for one complete revolution of the circle. Name the
curve. Draw a tangent to the curve at a point on it 40 mm from the
line.
Problem-2: A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls on the circumference of
another circle of 175 mm diameter and outside it. Trace the locus of
a point on the circumference of the rolling circle for one complete
revolution. Name the curve. Draw a tangent and a normal to the
curve at a point 125 mm from the centre of the directing circle.
Problem-3: Construct a hypocycloid, rolling circle 50 mm diameter
and directing circle 175 mm diameter. Draw a tangent to it at a point
50 mm from the centre of the directing circle.
When the diameter of the rolling circle is half the diameter of the
directing circle, the hypocycloid is a straight line and is a diameter of
the directing circle
Problem-4: Show by means of a drawing that when the diameter of
the directing circle is twice that of the generating circle, the
hypocycloid is a straight line. Take the diameter of the generating
circle equal to 50 mm.
PLAIN SCALES
Problem-1: Construct a scale of 1 : 4 to show centimeters and long
enough to measure upto 5 decimeters
1
RF =
4
Maximum length = 5dm
1
Length of the scale = × 50 = 12.5 cm
4
Problem-2: Draw a scale of 1 : 60 to show metres and decimetres and
long enough to measure upto 6 metres.
1
RF =
60
Maximum length = 6m
1
Length of the scale = × 6 × 100 = 10 cm
60
Problem-3: Construct a scale of 1.5 inches = 1 foot to show inches and
long enough to measure upto 4 feet.
1.5 1
RF = =
12 8
Maximum length = 4 feet
1
Length of the scale = × 4 × 12 = 6 inches
8
1
Problem-4: Construct a scale of R. F = to read yards and feet, and
60
long enough to measure upto 5 yards
1
RF =
60
Maximum length = 5 yards
1
Length of the scale = × 5 × 3 × 12 = 3 inches
60
1
Problem-5: Construct a scale of R. F = to show miles, furlongs
84480
and long enough to measure upto 6 miles
1
RF =
84480
Maximum length = 6 miles
1
Length of the scale = × 6 × 8 × 220 × 3 × 12 = 4.5 inches
84480
DIAGONAL SCALES
Problem-1: Construct a diagonal scale of 3: 200 showing meters,
decimeters and centimeters and to measure upto 6 meters
3
RF =
200
Maximum length = 6m
3
Length of the scale = × 6 × 100 = 9 cm
200
1
Problem-2: Construct a diagonal scale of RF = to show meters and
4000
long enough to measure upto 500 meters
1
RF =
4000
Maximum length = 500 m
1
Length of the scale = × 500 × 100 = 12.5 cm
4000
Problem-3: Draw a diagonal scale of 1 : 2.5 showing centimetres and
millimetres and long enough to measure upto 20 centimetres.
1
RF =
2.5
Maximum length = 20 cm
1
Length of the scale = × 20 = 8 cm
2.5
1
Problem-4: Construct a diagonal scale of RF = showing yards, feet
32
and inches and to measure upto 4 yards
1
RF =
32
Maximum length = 4 yards
1
Length of the scale = × 4 × 3 × 12 = 4.5 inch
32
1
Problem-5: Draw a scale of full size , showing inch and to measure
100
upto 5 inches
RF = 1
Maximum length = 5inches
Length of the scale = 1 × 5 = 5 inches
Problem-6: The area of a field is 50,000 sq m. The length and the
breadth of the field, on the map is 10 cm and 8 cm respectively.
Construct a diagonal scale which can read upto one metre. Mark the
length of 235 metre on the scale. What is the R.F. of the scale?
80 cm2 80 cm2 1
RF = √ = √ =
50,000 m2 50,000 × 10,000 cm2 2500
Let assume Maximum length = 500m
1
Length of the scale = × 500 × 100 = 20cm
2500