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Writing Schemes for Academic Essays

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
13 views3 pages

Writing Schemes for Academic Essays

Uploaded by

smoloney
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

WRITING SCHEMES

AN OPINION ESSAY:
Relationship: Academic
Intention: To present arguments that support a perspective or point of view.
FORMAL register.

Structure:
Title of the essay
Introduction: Situate the reader and briefly define your perspective.
Body:
Maximum 3 paragraphs in the body, with one main idea/ paragraph:
● Topic sentence.
● Give arguments to support your topic sentence.
● Give examples.
Conclusion: Supports the perspective in the body. Do not introduce any new points or
information!!!!!!

A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY


Relationship: Academic
Intention: To present arguments in favour of and against a perspective or point of view .
FORMAL register.

Structure
Title of the essay
Introduction: Present the situation to be discussed as complex: one with benefits +
disadvantages
Body: One paragraph in favour (arguments and examples)
One argument against (arguments and examples)
Conclusion: Balanced conclusion of both the for and against stance. You must give your
opinion here. Although shopping centres can economically help the zone, I believe parks are
more important as they have clear health and environmental benefits for the community.

A FORMAL LETTER
Relationship: Potential employer/ Entity to which we write a letter of complaint.
Intention: Apply for a job/ Make formal complaints about an unsatisfactory situation.
FORMAL register.

Structure: To (employer/ entity)


From: (Your name)
Dear Sir or Madam,
Presentation: Who are you? Why are you writing?
Details:
Letter of application: Qualifications , experience, interests (each theme in a separate
paragraph).
Letter of complaint: How the unsatisfactory situation occurred, the negative effects it has
had on you, what compensation you expect to receive.
Ending: I hope to hear from you at your earliest convenience/ I await your response
I hope you will find me to be a suitable candidate for the post. (application)
Yours faithfully (I don’t know the name of the person)
Yours sincerely (I know the name of the person)

AN INFORMAL LETTER:
Relationship: Friend or family member
Structure
Dear…….
Details: Depends on the task- often linked to giving help or advice
Ending: I hope to see you soon!
Best wishes,
INFORMAL register.

A PROPOSAL
Relationship: Entity or purpose you wish to propose an idea/ ideas to
Intention: To persuade by presenting a plan you have elaborated.
FORMAL register.

Structure:
To:..............
From:.................................

Use of main heading for the proposal and subheadings (one for each paragraph).

Introduction: The purpose of the proposal. Very brief outline of why it is needed.
Body: Each paragraph has a heading
Think of surveys (How many people support your idea?)
Think of the cost. Your idea must be cost effective.
What resources would it take to carry out your idea?
Ending: I hope you will take my proposal into consideration. I await your response.

A REPORT
Relationship: A person or entity wants you to write a report on a given situation.
Intention: To Give an objective view of the situation. Offer possible solutions or
recommendations to address the situation. FORMAL register.
Structure:
To:..............
From:.................................

Use of a main heading for the report and subheadings (one for each paragraph)

Introduction: The purpose of the report.


Body: Each paragraph has a heading.
Each paragraph discusses a different aspect of the situation.
Conclusion: Sum up and make any necessary recommendations.
A REVIEW
Relationship: A reader of a magazine/ newspaper (semi-formal)
Intention: Attract attention of the reader, inform, recommend.
Structure:
Heading or title of the review:
Introduction: Ask a question to attract the readers’ attention. Situate the reader- what is this
review about? Answer the questions: who?/ where?/ when?
Body:Description of the film/ book/ concert/ event : the plot and the characters (books and
films)/ the concert event details (atmosphere, number of people there)
Give your opinion on what you have read/ seen / heard.
(Use your senses to describe: Use lots of adjectives)
Conclusion and Recommendation: Would you recommend this ? Yes/ No. To whom/ what
age group/ why?

ARTICLE:
Relationship: A reader of a magazine/ newspaper
Intention: Attract attention, inform the public (formality depends on the reader- are they
teenagers? Adults?)
Structure:
Heading
Introduction: What is the article about? Attract the readers’ attention: A question/ An
exclamation…
Body: Maximum three paragraphs. Remember that the language will depend on the reader.
It is not the same writing an article on a new scientific discovery as an article on weekend
+options for teenagers.
Conclusion: Give a memorable conclusion. You can end with a question or exclamation.

A NARRATIVE:
Relationship: A reader of a magazine/ book of short stories
Intention: To enthrall/ capture the attention of the reader
Introduction:
● Introduce the protagonist and situate them in a time and place. Capture the
attention of the reader.
● A narrative can start at the beginning, middle or end of the action.
● Introduce setting, time, characters, mood.
Body:
● “Paint the scene”- What was the weather like? What was happening at that
moment? Description:adjectives
● Plot: Reveal the dilemma, crisis or situation that needs to be resolved. A mix of
description and action (what happened). Create a sense of tension?/ suspense?/
surprise?
Conclusion: The situation/ crisis is resolved and a lesson is learned. What is the moral

of your story? ⤴ ⤴

Common questions

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Key considerations include a clear purpose outlined in the introduction, supporting evidence or surveys in the body, cost-effectiveness, and an understanding of required resources. These elements are crucial for demonstrating the feasibility and value of the proposal. Addressing these aspects persuasively convinces the reader of the proposal's merit and increases the likelihood of acceptance .

The structure of a formal letter includes the sender and receiver's details, a formal greeting, clear paragraphs dedicated to presenting the purpose (such as job application or complaint specifics), and a formal closure. This organization ensures clarity and professionalism, facilitating the effective communication of the sender's intentions, whether it's highlighting qualifications, expressing dissatisfaction, or seeking resolution .

Formal letters use a structured, respectful tone suitable for professional or official communication, ensuring clarity and courtesy. Informal letters, by contrast, relax the register, conveying warmth and personal connection ideal for friends and family. Articles vary their register based on their audience, ranging from formal for informative pieces for adults to more casual or engaging language for teens. These register differences are essential for tailoring the communication to the context and purpose, maximizing understanding and impact .

Narrative structure engages readers by introducing characters, setting, and mood early, creating tension through a developing plot and dilemma, and providing a resolution that offers closure and conveys a moral. This structure helps maintain interest through emotional investment in the characters and situation, while the resolution offers insight or a lesson, reinforcing the narrative's thematic depth .

A 'for and against' essay is structured to present balanced arguments both in favor of and against a certain perspective, with the intention of showing complexity by discussing benefits and disadvantages. It includes an introduction, a body with separate paragraphs for arguments in favor and against, and a conclusion that summarizes both sides and includes the writer's opinion. Unlike an opinion essay, which solely supports one viewpoint, a 'for and against' essay examines both sides, aiming to present a more nuanced discussion .

An opinion essay comprises a title, an introduction that situates the reader and defines the perspective, a body with up to three paragraphs each presenting one idea with supporting arguments and examples, and finally, a conclusion that reinforces the perspective without introducing new points. This structure aids in clearly presenting and supporting the writer's viewpoint, encouraging the audience to understand and possibly agree with the perspectives presented .

Adjectives and sensory details are essential in a narrative's body, helping to vividly describe the scene, characters, and mood. They engage readers' senses, making the story more immersive and emotionally impactful. This sensory engagement aids in painting a clearer picture of the setting and events, allowing readers to visualize and empathize with the narrative more easily .

The conclusion of a review summarizes the main points, providing a final assessment that often recommends whether the reader should engage with the reviewed content. It reinforces the overall evaluation and offers specific recommendations, targeting an appropriate audience or age group. This dual role ensures the reader receives a clear, concise summary while also being guided in their decision-making process .

The formal structure of a report includes a clear introduction, a body with headings for each aspect of the situation, and a conclusion with summary and recommendations. This organization helps present information systematically and objectively, allowing for a comprehensive analysis and logical flow of information, which is essential for the credibility and effectiveness of the report's recommendations .

An article's introduction aims to capture attention and inform, but its style varies according to the target audience. For teenagers, a catchy question or exclamation may interest them, while for adults, a factual opening or thought-provoking statement might be more appropriate. This adaptation ensures the article is engaging and relevant to its readers, which is vital for effective communication and achieving the article's purpose .

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