CLASS: GRADE NINE

SESSION: SECOND TERM 2024

INSTRUCTOR: BAKARE IBRAHIM
Scheme of Work
Princeton College
Computer Studies Lesson Note for Second Term

WEEKS TOPICS/CONTENTS

Week 1 Computer Studies

ü Revision

Week 2 -3 Computer Studies

ü Spreadsheet Packages
ü Features and terminologies of
Spreadsheet.
ü Loading and existing spreadsheet
package
ICT
ü Working with Microsoft Excel
Week 3-4 Computer Studies
ü Logic circuit
ü Introduction to logic
ü Construction of truth tables
ICT
ü Starting Excel
ü Formatting Worksheet
ü Excel Calculations
ü Creating Graphs, chart

Week 5-6 Computer Studies

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 ü Computer career opportunities:
computer professionals, System
Analyst, Programmers
ü Computer Education, Computer
Engineers, technicians and Operators

Week 7- 8 Computer Studies

ü Qualities of Good computer profession

Week 9 Computer Studies

ü Computer Games

Week 10 Computer Studies

ü Hacking
ü Hacking Community
Week 11 REVISION

Week 12- 13 EXAMINATION

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Princeton College
Week: 1
Duration: 40 minutes
Topic: Revision from last term Examination and Assignment

Princeton College
Week: 2-3
Duration: 40 minutes
Topic: Introduction to Spreadsheet Package
Contents: Meaning, terminologies and uses spreadsheet

DEFINITON OF SPREADSHEET:
A spreadsheet is a collection of cells organized into rows and columns where data
is stored and manipulated. The spreadsheet is also known as the worksheet.
A spreadsheet begins with a row and number one and column A.
A cell is a space in a worksheet form by the intersection of a row and column.
Each cell contains number, text or formula. Each cell has an address called Cell
Reference e.g. A1, B4, C19 etc.

The combination of more than one sheet is known as Workbook. The worksheets
can accept thousands of rows of data and columns in forms of field. Active Cell is
recognized by heavy borders surroundings. It is the cell that is currently worked
upon.

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CONTENT OF SPREADSHEET:

When you are setting out a spreadsheet you have to enter values, labels and
formulas. Here are the key components and concepts commonly found in a
spreadsheet:

1. Cell:
• A cell is the basic unit in a spreadsheet where data is entered. It is
identified by a unique combination of a column letter and a row
number, such as A1, B2, etc.

2. Row:
• Rows run horizontally and are identified by numbers (1, 2, 3, ...). Each
row contains a set of cells.

3. Column
• Columns run vertically and are identified by letters (A, B, C, ...). Each
column contains a set of cells.

4. Worksheet:

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 • A worksheet is a single tab within a spreadsheet file. It is a collection
of cells organized in rows and columns.

5. Workbook:
• A workbook is the entire file containing one or more worksheets. It is
the highest-level organizational unit in a spreadsheet application.

6. Data Entry:
• Data can be entered into cells manually. This includes numbers, text,
dates, and formulas.

7. Formulas:
• Formulas perform calculations on data in the spreadsheet. They start
with an equal sign (=) and can include mathematical operations,
references to cells, and functions (e.g., SUM, AVERAGE).

8. Functions:
• Functions are predefined formulas that perform specific operations.
Examples include SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, and IF.

9. Cell References:
• Cells can be referred to by their addresses in formulas (e.g., A1, B2)
or using relative and absolute references to refer to cells in a flexible
way.

[Link]:
• Formatting options allow you to change the appearance of cells,
rows, and columns. This includes font style, color, borders, and cell
alignment.

[Link] and Graphs:

• Spreadsheets often include tools to create visual representations of
data using charts and graphs.

[Link] and Sorting:

• Data can be filtered to display specific information, and rows can be
sorted based on the values in one or more columns.

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 [Link] Validation:
• Data validation ensures that data entered into cells meets specific
criteria, helping to maintain accuracy and consistency.

[Link] Formatting:
• Conditional formatting allows you to apply formatting based on
specified conditions. For example, cells with values above a certain
threshold can be highlighted.

[Link] and Footers:

• Headers and footers can be added to worksheets to display
information such as titles, page numbers, and dates when printing.

USES OF SPREASHEET

These are various uses of a spreadsheet. It is uses varies according to the

intended purposes some of the uses are as follows.

1. Spreadsheets are used for administrative purpose

2. They are used for preparation of dally sales
3. They are used for computing school results
4. They are used for drawing balanced sheet
5. A spreadsheet can be used for project budgeting control
6. Spreadsheets are used for creating reports
7. It makes calculation much easier than working things out yourself

Who uses a Spreadsheet?

ü Anyone responsible for entering numerical data in any form

ü Accountants – preparing financial documents
ü Teachers- reporting grades and average
ü Managers – reporting sales, profits and losses
ü Tax preparers – reports of tax purposes
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ü Payroll – employee reports
ü Anyone needing mathematical answers
Evaluation

1. Define Spreadsheet?
2. What do you understand by cell reference?
3. State two key component or content of spreadsheet
4. State two uses of spreadsheet
5. A cell can also reference another cell in the same ______
a) Cellular
b) Sheet
c) Worksheet
d) Workbook

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Princeton College
Week: 3
Duration: 40 minutes
Topic: Spreadsheet Packages (Spreadsheet ii)
Contents: Features and Terminologies. Loading and Existing Spreadsheet
Packages

EXAMPLES OF SPREADSHEET:
There are various types of spreadsheet software which include:

§ Microsoft Excel
§ Google Sheet
§ Zoho Sheet
§ WPS Office Spreadsheets
§ Airtables
§ Apple Numbers

Microsoft Excel

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Out of many examples of spreadsheet package, Microsoft Excel is most commonly
used because of its friendly features. Microsoft Excel is part of Microsoft Suite.
The Suite comes in various version such as 2000, 2005, 2007,2010, 2015 etc.

Microsoft Excel is primary used for organizing and calculation due to flexibility. It
has a lot of calculating features and mathematical formulas. Various kind of
mathematical formulas can be done using MS Excel. Microsoft Excel is a
spreadsheet package used mainly for mathematical calculation and numerical
analysis. Examples of calculations that can be performed using MS excel include;
addition, subtraction, multiplication, average, etc.

Formulas are often used to carry out calculations in MS-Excel. The desired
formula for any calculation must be preceded with an equal sign (=)

Starting Microsoft Excel

Starting Worksheet (Using Microsoft Excel)
Click the start button;
Click all Programs;
Click on Microsoft Office;
Click on Microsoft Office Excel

Arithmetic operations used in excel

Microsoft Excel provides a variety of arithmetic operations that you can use to
perform calculations and manipulate data in cells. Here are the common
arithmetic operations in Excel:

§ Addition (+)
- Example: =A1 + B1
- Adds the values in cells A1 and B1.

§ Subtraction (-):
- Example: =A1- B1

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 - Subtracts the value in cell B1 from the value in cell A1.

§ Multiplication (*):
- Example: =A1 * B1
- Multiplies the values in cells A1 and B1.

§ Division (/):
- Example: =A1 / B1
- Divides the value in cell A1 by the value in cell B1.

§ Exponentiation (^):
- Example: =A1^2
- Raises the value in cell A1 to the power of 2.

§ Negation (-):
- Example: =-A1
- Negates (changes the sign of) the value in cell A1.

§ Percentages (%):
- Example: =A1 * 10%
- Calculates 10% of the value in cell A1.

§ Order of Operations (Parentheses):

- Example: =(A1 + B1) * C1
- Specifies the order in which operations should be performed.

§ SUM Function:
- Example: = SUM(A1:B5)
- Adds up all the values in the range A1 to B5.

§ AVERAGE Function:
- Example: =AVERAGE(A1:B5)
- Calculates the average of the values in the range A1 to B5.

§ MIN Function:
- Example: =MIN(A1:B5)
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 - Returns the smallest value in the range A1 to B5.

§ MAX Function:
- Example: =MAX(A1:B5)
- Returns the largest value in the range A1 to B5.

NOTE
When creating a formula, you must know MS Excel’s order of operation. Certain
operations are performed before others. The terms PEMDAS is the acronym of
denote MS EXCEL order of operation

P - Parenthesis(bracket)
E – Exponential
M – Multiplication
D – Division
A -- Addition
S -- Subtraction

Calculations enclosed in parenthesis are performed first, followed by calculations

involving exponentials. Multiplication and division operations are performed next
because they are considered equal in importance. They are performed in the
order in which they are encountered from left to right. Addition and subtraction
are performed last in the order in which they are encountered from left to right.

Evaluation

1. Highlight the steps for Starting MS-Excel

2. What are the types of calculation that can be performed in MS-Excel?

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Princeton College
Week 4-5
Duration: 40 minutes
Topic: Logic Gates
Objectives: At the end of the lesson students should be able to:
1. Define logic gates
2. List types of logic gates
3. Write simple equation for each logic gate

Contents:

What are Logic Gates?

Logic gates are the basic building blocks of digital circuits. Circuits are collection of
transistors and resistors. Logic gates can be defined as a type of circuit that
regulates the flow of electricity or signals which computers use to make complex
decisions.

Types of Logic gates

1. AND
2. OR
3. NOT

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AND Gate
The AND gate is a logic gate that gives an output of logic 1 only when all of its inputs
are true 1. The output is usually 0 whenever at least one of the input is 0.

OR Gate
The OR gate is logic gate that gives an output of logic 1 if either or both of the inputs
is 1. The output is usually 0 whenever both inputs are 0.

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NOT Gate

The NOT Gate is also known as an inverter. It is a logic gate that gives a reversed
output of its given input.

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LOGIC GATE REPRESENTATION

Logic Gates are represented in a number of ways such as:

1. Logic gate symbols
2. Truth Tables
3. Logic equation

Truth Tables:
A truth table is a table that describes the behavior and functions of a logic gate. It
is a table that contains the list of the value of the output for every combination of
logic input.

The truth tables for the AND, OR and NOT logic gates are shown below:

AND Logic Gate Truth Table

Input P Input Q P AND Q = R
1 1 1
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 0

OR Logic Gate Truth Table

Input P Input Q P OR Q=R
1 1 1
1 0 1
0 1 1
0 0 0

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NOT Logic Gate Table
Input P NOT P
1 0
0 1

USES OF LOGIC GATES

Logic gates are widely used in various applications such as:

1. It is use in control system e.g. traffic light controllers, automatic doors

2. The NOT gate is used for building switches
3. Logic gates are utilized in arithmetic circuits to perform basic arithmetic
operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
4. It is used in activation of doorbells
5. Logic gates are employed in the design of memory units, including RAM
(Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory).

Evaluation

1. What is Logic Gate?

2. List three simple logic gates we have (b.) Show the symbols of the gates
listed
3. State two uses of logic gates

Assignment
1. State the output of the following

Gates Input A Input B Output C

AND 1 1 ?
OR 0 0 ?
NOT ? 1 ?

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Princeton College
Week: 6-7
Class: Grade 9
Duration: 40 minutes
Topic: Human Issues
Objectives: At the end of the lesson student should be able to:
1. state the meaning of computer professionals
2. mention professional bodies
3. name the professional bodies in Nigeria
4. State the function(s) of each of the professional bodies

Content:

Computer Professional and Quality of Good Computer Professionals

There are various Computer Professionals who work together to design computers,
maintain them and those who initiate computers to produce result in the form of
information. These include computer professionals like computer managers,
system analyst, programmers, computer educator, and computer operators.

1. Computer Manager: A computer manager is highly qualified personnel who

may hold a bachelor’s degree in computer related field or its equivalent
combination of training and experience. His responsibilities may include:
a. Providing technical leadership in designing, developing, scheduling
and implementing computer services.
b. Developing the network system or information management system.
c. Determining requirements of users of computer and information
technology.

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 2. System Analyst: System analyst are highly trained computer scientist with
experience in programming and systems development. The main function of
systems analyst is that of analyzing a proposed system, for instance
computerization of students result and identification of a set of
requirements that the system should meet.

3. Programmer: Programmers are computer professional who design, develop

and test computer programs. Qualified programmers must have basic
knowledge in programming.

4. Computer Educators: Computer educators operate at different levels. At

instructional level, educator with basic knowledge in computing may teach
students in primary schools. At tertiary level, student who study for degree
in Computer Science are taught by highly qualified lecturers who may hold
degrees in computer science, Physics, Electrical/Electronic Engineering or
Mathematics.

5. Computer Engineers and Technicians: Computer engineers are trained

personnel in physics, Electrical/Electronic or Computer Engineering with
minimum qualification of a bachelor’s degree or higher diploma. There are
majorly concerned with the architectural design of the components of the
system.

Computer Technicians work with Computer Engineer to oversee the

operation of computer hardware systems, ensuring that the machines and
other facilities are used efficiently and secure as possible.

6. Computer Operators: Computer operators are trained to do things for

themselves or other people. Such as typing letters or other documents,
designing card etc. computer operators could also be trained and acquire
experience in overseeing the operation of computer hardware systems,

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 ensuring that the network connections and other facilities are up and
running

Qualities of Good Computer Professional

1. A good computer professional should have the basic related qualification in

the area of computer operations he is involved
2. He should be knowledgeable in the system components
3. Because computer technology changes rapidly, computer professional must
be adaptable and willing to learn in order to be able to meet the
requirements of changing technology.
4. Computer professional must be able to communicate well and work
effectively with other professionals within the system.
5. They must also be able to work independently because they may have little
or no direct supervision.

They must be people of integrity so as not to leak the secrets of the work space to
the other competitor particularly those secrets that make the organization stand
out from others

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Duration: 40 minutes
Period: Two
Topic: Human Issues

Computer Professional Bodies

The need of regulatory measures in the computer related activities is the reason
why computer professional bodies have been formed. Computer professional
bodies such as;

1. Nigeria Computer Society (NCS).

2. Computer Professional Registration Council of Nigeria (CPN).
3. Information Technology Association of Nigeria (ITAN).
4. Nigeria Internet Group (NIG).
5. Institute of Management Information System (IMIS).

Nigeria Computer Society

Nigeria Computer Society was formed with the following objectives

1. To promote the training of computer scientist, engineers and professionals.

2. To actively encourage member in advancement of computer science,
technology, and in specialist practice in the profession.
3. To promote the interchanging of the information about the science and art
of information processing among specialist and the public.
4. To support effectively the computing profession.
5. To co-operate with similar professional organization throughout the world.

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Membership: there are six classes of membership

1. Fellowship
2. Full membership
3. Student membership
4. Affiliate membership
5. Corporate membership
6. Training institutes.

Computer Professional Registration Council of Nigeria (CPRN).

The computer Professional Registration Council of Nigeria (CPRN) was established
by Decree No. 49 of 1995, promulgated on June 10 and announce officially on
August 9 of the year.

Function and Duties of CPRN

1. To determine what standards and skills are to be attained by person seeking

to become members of the computing profession
2. To secure, establish and maintain a register of persons seeking to be
registered under the decree to practice the computing profession
3. To perform any other functions as bestowed on it by the provision of the
decree such as
a. Organization of computing practice in the country
b. Control of the practice of computing in the country
c. Determining the academic standards in computing, computer science,
computer engineering, information science etc.
d. Accreditation of institutions, courses and programs and evaluation of
certificates in computing
e. Conductions professional examination in the profession

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Information Technology Association of Nigeria (ITAN)

ITAN was established in 1991 as Microcomputer Vendor’s Association of Nigeria

(MIVAN) and by 2000, it had become ITAN. It is a member of the umbrella body of
Information Technology Professions industry in Nigeria. Nigeria Computer Society
which was established in 2002.

Since its establishment, ITAN has achieved the following:

1. Development of locally manufactured computer system in Nigeria: Zinox,

Omatek and Speedstar.
2. Drafting and adoption of the National IT policy, 2001
3. Establishment of National Information Technology Development
4. Formation of the Nigerian Computer Society (NCS) in 2002.

Institute for the Management of Information System

IMIS is an International Professional Association devoted to supporting promoting

the profession of Information System Management.

Their aim is to:

1. Foster greater understanding of the importance of Information Systems

Management.
2. Enhance the status of those engaged in the profession
Promote higher standards through better education and training both in the UK
and overseas

Evaluation

1. What are professional bodies

2. Name the professional bodies in Nigeria
3. State one function of each of the professional bodies

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Princeton College
Week 8 - 9
Class: Grade 9
Duration: 40 minutes
Topic: Computer Games
Objectives: At the end of the lesson students should be able to:

1. Define computer game

2. Mention the advantages and disadvantages of computer games.

3. Mention the application used in developing computer games

Content:

Computer games are programs that enable a player to interact with a virtual
game environment for entertainment and fun. There are many types of computer
games available ranging from traditional card games to more advanced video
games such as rolling playing games and video games.

Types of games

Computer games mainly provide entertainment and fun. It also improves

hand/eye coordination and problem-solving skills.

Each game has its own strategy, action and fantasy that make each game unique
and interesting. Generally, we can classify computer games into the following
types

1. Card games
2. Board games
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3. Puzzles
4. Maze
5. Fighting
6. Action
7. Adventure
8. Role playing
9. Strategy
10. Sports
11. Simulation games

ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER GAMES

Medical assistance-game helps children who are ill or have injuries. Absorption in
a game distracts the mind from pain and discomfort. Many hospitals are
encouraging children and others undergoing painful treatment to play game.

Skill development-video games and computer games are known to improve the
hand, eye coordination and help players gain many skills.

Decision making- Helps in decision making and help players to think on their own.

Team development-Games create players social skills too.

Creativity-Games are known to enhance creativity and inculcate a taste of

graphics, design and technology.

Language development-Many games improve language and math skill as players

have to move at great speed along with the heroes of the games.

Self-confidence-Video and computer games help children gain self-confidence

and many games are based on history, city building and governance and so on.
Such games indirectly teach children about aspect of life on earth.

Inspiration-Games teach players problem solving, motivation, and recognition

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skills. Most games players to strive and reach more difficult levels presenting
challenges at each stage

GAME DESIGN

A computer game can be just a C application program. The architecture of a

typical computer game consists of the following component;

1. Input

2. Game logic

3. Graphic Rendering engine

4. Graphic/sound Support

5. Game output

6. Networking.

1. Input: User interacts with the game program through input devices. Common
input devices include keyboard, mouse or joystick

2. Graphics rendering engine-it has complicated code to efficiently identify and

render the game objects and background from two-dimensional (2-d) model of
the environment. It supports transformation of object that is moved rotated and
scaled when required.

3. Game logic-it implements the game logics or game codes that handle most of
the basic mechanics of the game.

4. Graphics /sound drivers-The graphic driver receives the requests from the
rendering engine for proper display.

5. Game output-The generated 2-D or3-D graphics is output to the display. The
generated sound effect or music is output to the sound card.

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6. Networking-it provides networking protocol support that allows several users
in remote locations to play and interact in the same game environment.

Evaluation

1. What are computer games?

2. List five components of game design architecture
3. List five types of computer games

Princeton College
Week 10 - 11
Class: Grade 9
Topic: Revision

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