Scribd
Upload
89 views4 pages

Renaissance Influence on Physical Education

The document discusses the history of physical education in various countries and regions during the Renaissance period and afterwards. It outlines key philosophers and contributors to physical education in places like Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Britain, and America and describes some of the activities and approaches used in each area.

Uploaded by

ecnivasuntion
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
89 views4 pages

Renaissance Influence on Physical Education

The document discusses the history of physical education in various countries and regions during the Renaissance period and afterwards. It outlines key philosophers and contributors to physical education in places like Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Britain, and America and describes some of the activities and approaches used in each area.

Uploaded by

ecnivasuntion
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Renaissance

 This period has a great impact in physical education.


 They believe that good physical health promoted learning and that rest recreation were needed
by the body after study and work.
 They helped to interpret the worth of physical education to the public.

The renaissance period also believed that physical education is necessary for health as a means of:

DEVELOPING THE BODY – preparation for welfare.

PROVIDING RECREATION – wealthier classes of people.

PHILOSOPHERS IN RENAISSANCE

1. Pope Pius II’s – objectives of physical education were good posture, body health and aid to
learning.
2. Martin Luther – taught that in the court schools of northern Italy and was believed to be one of
the first teachers to combine physical and mental training in school.
3. Roger Asham – a French educational theorist, emphasized the objectives of physical welfare,
the fact that physical education is an important part of education and aids in mental training and
that is good preparation for welfare.
4. Pietro Vergerio- Italian educator whose treatises on humanistic education greatly influenced
educational methods and curriculum in Renaissance Italy. The humanistic theory of teaching and
learning is an educational theory that believes in teaching the 'whole' child. A humanist
approach will have a strong focus on students' emotional wellbeing and eternally view children
as innately good 'at the core.
5. Francios Rabelais- a major French Renaissance writer, doctor and Renaissance humanist. His
best known work is Gargantua and Pantagruel, tales with their giant characters, heroic-comic
parody, epics and novels of chivalry.
6. John Milton- was an English poet and intellectual who served as a civil servant for
the Commonwealth of England and is most famous for his epic poetry.
7. Vittorino de Feltra- Italian educator who is frequently considered the greatest humanist
schoolmaster of the Renaissance.

Somehow, they failed to recognize the important contributions of physical education to


the aesthetic, social, and moral life in general.

Physical Education in Europe

The history of physical education in the modern European countries is reflected in the
contribution of these countries to the growth and advancement of physical education which is also
associated with names of its contributors.
ISUCab-Ced-InM-065
March 15, 2019
Revision: 0
Characteristics of German gymnastics:

 The use of heavy apparatus


 Movements are rigid, militaristic
 More intended for boys and men

Physical Education in Germany

The great contributor of physical education in modern Europe.

The Following great contributors were:

[Link] Bernhard Basedow (1723-1790)

- established a school called Philanthropinum.

2. Johann Christophe Friedrich Guts Muths (1759-1839) - The “grandfather” of modern gymnastics

- wrote two books Gymnastics for the Young and Games

[Link] Spies (1810-1858)

- founder of Gymnastics in Germany

- was a German gymnast and educator who contributed to the development of school
gymnastics for children of both sexes in Switzerland and Germany.

4. Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778- 1852)

- His name is associated with the Turnverein, an association of gymnasts, which he inaugurated
to help German youth into strong and hardy citizens.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN SWEDEN

1. Per Henrick Ling (1776- 1839)

-His name is symbolic of the rise of physical education in Sweden.

2. Lars Gabriel Branting (1799- 1881)

-Spent his time in medical gymnastics.

ISUCab-Ced-InM-065
March 15, 2019
Revision: 0
3. Gustaf Nybleus (1816- 1902)

-Specialized in military gymnastics.

4. Hjalmar Fredrik Ling (1820- 1886)

-Organized educational gymnastics in Sweden.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN DENMARK

1. Franz Nachtegall (1777- 1847)

-Introduced physical education into the schools of Denmark.

2. Niels Bukh

-Introduced "Primitive Gymnastics".

PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN

Great Britain is known as the home of outdoor sports which utilized a program of organized
games and sports. The English youth engaged in physical activities as early as the time of Henry II, such
as wrestling throwing, riding, fishing, hunting, swimming, rowing, skating, shooting the bow and arrow.

The athletic sports played were the following:

1. Hockey and quoits- as early as the 15" century.


2. Tennis- as early as 1300
3. Golf- as early as 1600.
4. Cricket- as carly as 1700.
5. Football- one of the oldest of English national sports.

Archibald Maclaren (1820- 1884)

-Devised a system of physical education for the British Army.

ISUCab-Ced-InM-065
March 15, 2019
Revision: 0
PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN AMERICA

The colonial period in America was not conducive to organized physical education programs.
The religious beliefs of the Puritans did not favor play and so they lived a life of austerity and stern
discipline. There was little emphasis given to any form of physical activity because it was thought of a
waste of time.

The national period in United States history began to recognize physical education as important
to American society. Turnverein associations were organized.

Outstanding leaders and events affecting physical education during the Civil War:

1. Turnverein societies were established and gave support to physical education in the

Public schools.

2. Normal Schools of Physical Education were established for training teachers


3. Swedish gymnastics was recognized for inherent medical values.
4. Tennis was introduced in 1874,
5. Golf came to America in the late 1880's.
6. Bowling had been popular since the time of the early Dutch, but in 1895 the American Bowling
Congress was organized.
7. Basketball was invented by James Naismith.
8. Dr. Dudley Allen Sargent was known for his work in teacher preparation, remedial equipment,
exercise devices, college organization and administration, anthropometric measurements,
experimentation as basis for activity and scientific research.

Contributors in the development of physical education in the early 20" century:

1. Thomas Dennison Wood- introduced Natural Gymnastics which gave more emphasis on game
and game skills.
2. Clark Hetherington- emphasized on children's play activities.
3. Jessie Bancroft- influenced the development of physical education as a responsibility of
homeroom teachers in the elementary schools.
4. Jacob Riis- symbolic of the playground movement in New York.

ISUCab-Ced-InM-065
March 15, 2019
Revision: 0

Common questions

Powered by AI

German gymnastics were characterized by the use of heavy apparatus and rigid, militaristic movements, primarily intended for boys and men. These features reflect the societal values of discipline, strength, and preparation for military service during the period . These activities aimed to develop strong and hardy citizens, aligning with the nationalistic and disciplined spirit prevalent in Germany at the time .

The introduction of tennis in 1874 and basketball by James Naismith contributed significantly to the evolution of physical education in America. These sports provided structured and popular physical activities that helped in promoting organized games and heightened physical education's importance in schools and society. They aided in shifting the focus from austerity to more active lifestyles and facilitated the appreciation of sports as part of educational curricula .

Puritan beliefs during the colonial period of America regarded play as frivolous and promoted a lifestyle of austerity and stern discipline. This led to a lack of emphasis on organized physical education programs, as physical activities were seen as a waste of time and not conducive to the religious and social values of the Puritan society .

Archibald Maclaren developed a system of physical education specifically for the British Army, which was designed to improve soldiers' physical fitness, discipline, and readiness for military operations. His system incorporated organized games and sports which were instrumental in enhancing not just physical benefits but also teamwork and morale among soldiers, reflecting its profound influence on military training .

During the Renaissance, there was a strong belief that good physical health promoted learning, and that rest and recreation were necessary after study and work. Physical education was seen as essential for health and was aimed at developing the body, preparing for welfare, and providing recreation particularly for wealthier classes .

Renaissance philosophers contributed to physical education by emphasizing its objectives and integration with mental training. For instance, Martin Luther combined physical and mental training in schools, and Roger Asham emphasized its importance for mental training and as preparation for welfare. Other philosophers like Pietro Vergerio and Pope Pius II highlighted its role in maintaining good posture and health, aiding in learning, and the holistic development of the child .

Jacob Riis was a key figure in the playground movement in New York, symbolizing the expansion and formalization of recreational spaces in urban settings. His advocacy for creating playgrounds provided opportunities for physical activity and social interaction, which enhanced the overall development and health of children, aligning with modern educational ideals .

The Turnverein societies in America were pivotal in supporting physical education development by promoting gymnastic activities and advocating for their integration into public school programs. They encouraged physical fitness and contributed to the establishment of training systems and norms that highlighted the importance of physical education .

Thomas Dennison Wood was instrumental in advancing physical education in the early 20th century by introducing Natural Gymnastics, which placed greater emphasis on games and game skills. His work contributed to a shift towards a more holistic approach that valued enjoyment and education through physical activities, aligning with broader educational reforms of the time .

In Denmark, physical education was introduced into schools by Franz Nachtegall, who focused on making gymnastics a part of educational systems. Niels Bukh introduced "Primitive Gymnastics." In contrast, Swedish physical education was symbolized by Per Henrick Ling, known for rising physical education prominence, while Lars Gabriel Branting and Hjalmar Fredrik Ling contributed to medical and educational gymnastics respectively. Swedish gymnastics were more organized and systematized, emphasizing educational benefits and military training .

You might also like