Introduction to Civil
&Environmental
Engineering
Week 2 Notes
Topics Week 1
Drawing Practice to AS 1100 (SLO 3)
• Paper Size
• Drawing Sheet Layout
• Scales
• Lines
• Letters, Numerals & Symbols
• A3 Drawing Board
Introduction to Civil and Environmental Engineering Week 2 Notes
1 Sizes of Drawing Sheets
1.1 A Series
• The paper sizes recommended by Standards Association
Australian SAA are based on International Organisation of
Standards (ISO) “A” Series designation.
• Paper sizes for the A Series is shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1 A Series Drawing Sheet Size
Designation Dimensions Designation Dimensions
mm mm
A0 1189 x 841 A4 297 x 210
A1 841 x 594 A5 210 x 148
A2 594 x 420 A6 148 x 105
A3 420 x 297 A7 105 x 74
1 Sizes of Drawing Sheets
1 Sizes of Drawing Sheets
1.2 Feasibility and Options Study
• For projects that have a large ‘footprint’ such as roads and
dams, the B1 Series paper size is found to be more
convenient since the A1 sheet is a bit small and A0 sheet too
big.
• The B1 sheet dimensions are 1000 x 707.
Introduction to Civil and Environmental Engineering Week 2 Notes
2 Layout of Drawing Sheet
2.1 Borders
• Borders are required from the edge of the drawing sheet.
• The dimensions of the drawing Frame are given in Table 2.
Table 2 Drawing frames
Sheet Dimensions Dimension of
Size mm Drawing
Frame
mm
a b A B
A0 20 28 801 1133
A1 14 20 566 801
A2 10 14 400 566
A3 7 10 283 400
Introduction to Civil and Environmental Engineering Week 2 Notes
2 Layout of Drawing Sheet
2.2 Grid Referencing
• Drawings may be divided into zones by a grid referencing.
This can assist in locating dimensions on large drawings.
• The following requirements are recommended where grid
referencing is used:
• Vertical zones are designated using numerals from left to
right.
• Horizontal zones are designated by Capital letters starting at
A from top to bottom.
• The number of zones and the width of margins to be in
accordance with Table 3.
Introduction to Civil and Environmental Engineering Week 2 Notes
2 Project Life Cycle
2.2 Grid Referencing
Table 3 Details of Grid Referencing
item Sheet Size
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4
Number of Vertical Zones, 16 12 8 8 4
labelled 1,2,3 etc.
Number of Horizontal 12 8 6 6 4
Zones, labelled A, B, C etc.
The margin width for grid 10mm 7mm 7mm 5mm 5mm
reference
Introduction to Civil and Environmental Engineering Week 2 Notes
2 Layout of Drawing Sheet
2.3 Other Details
The following information is required to be displayed on the
drawing sheet.
• The system of orthographic projection 1st or 3rd,
• Warning label against scaling,
“DO NOT SCALE”
• Dimensional units used (e.g.. mm, m).
Introduction to Civil and Environmental Engineering Week 2 Notes
2 Layout of Drawing Sheet
2.4 The Title Block
• The Title block should be located at the bottom right-hand
corner of the drawing sheet.
• Adequate space shall be provided to accommodate the
following information:
Name of Firm, organisation, agency or department
Title of the drawing
Drawing number
Scales
Signatures and Dates
Introduction to Civil and Environmental Engineering Week 2 Notes
2 Layout of Drawing Sheet
2.5 Typical Drawing Sheet Layout Examples
Introduction to Civil and Environmental Engineering Week 2 Notes
3 Scales
3.1 Representation
• Most drawing representations need to be at a reduced scale
in order to fit onto the drawing sheet.
• Small details of machinery or brackets may fit onto a drawing
sheet and can be drawn at full scale or enlarged for clarity.
Introduction to Civil and Environmental Engineering Week 2 Notes
3 Scales
3.1 Representation
• Scales are represented as follows:
• Full scale 1:1 dimension on the drawing sheet is equal to the
prototype (real object) dimensions.
• Reduction 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, etc. the dimensions on the drawing
sheet are respectively: dimension on drawing sheet is equal
to 2x, 5x and 10x of the prototype dimensions.
• Enlargement 2:1, 5:1, 10:1, etc. the dimensions on the
drawing sheet are respectively: dimension on drawing sheet is
equal to 1 2 x, 1 5x, and 1 10 x of the prototype dimensions.
Introduction to Civil and Environmental Engineering Notes Week 1
3 Scales
3.2 Recommended Scales
• The recommended engineering drawing scales are given in
Table 4.
Table 4 Details of Grid Referencing
Full size 5:1 2:1 10:1
& 1:1
Enlargement ratios
Reduction Ratios 1:2 1:2.5 1:5 1:10
1:20 1:25 1:50 1:100
1:200 1:250 1:500 1:1,000
1:200 1:2,500 1:5,000 1:10,000
1:2000 1:25,000 1:50,000 1:100,000
Introduction to Civil and Environmental Engineering Notes Week 1
Table 5 Lines
4 Lines
• Typical lines and
examples of
their application
are presented in
Table 5
5 Letters, Numerals and Symbols
5.1 General Requirements
• Letters should be simple, legible and comfortably produced at
reasonable speed.
• Height of characters for letters are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Character height of Letters
5 Letters, Numerals and Symbols
5.2 Examples
Portable Drawing Board, A3 Size
7 Dimensioning
Table 7 Dimension Symbols
7.1 Dimension Symbols
• Basic dimensioning symbols
are shown in Table 7.
• Examples of Dimensioning
are shown below.
7 Dimensioning
7.1 Dimension Symbols
• Examples of Dimensioning are shown below.
R 25
R 25 R 25
R 25