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Economics Principles Tutorial Questions

This document contains a tutorial on principles of economics with questions covering topics like demand, supply, equilibrium, substitutes, complements and more. The questions are multiple choice and refer to graphs and economic concepts.

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sheroshawady
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8 views6 pages

Economics Principles Tutorial Questions

This document contains a tutorial on principles of economics with questions covering topics like demand, supply, equilibrium, substitutes, complements and more. The questions are multiple choice and refer to graphs and economic concepts.

Uploaded by

sheroshawady
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Faculty of Commerce- English Section

Department of Economics

Principles of Economics
Dr. Doaa Akl Ahmed
Tutorial on Chapter 3 (Economics, 10e (Parkin))
Question 1: Choose the best answer for the following questions:
1. Joe pays $8,000.00 in tuition. The 8,000 dollar tuition Joe pays is an example of what
economists call
A) a relative price. B) a money price.
C) an indexed price. D) an opportunity price.

2. If the price of a hot dog is $2 and the price of a hamburger is $4, then the
A) relative price of a hot dog is 1/2 of a hamburger per hot dog.
B) money price of a hot dog is 2 hamburgers per hot dog.
C) relative price of a hamburger is 1/2 of a hot dog per hamburger.
D) money price of a hamburger is 2 hot dogs per hamburger.

3. The quantity demanded of a good or service is the amount that


A) a consumer would like to buy but might not be able to afford.
B) is actually bought during a given time period at a given price.
C) consumers plan to buy during a given time period at a given price.
D) firms are willing to sell during a given time period at a given price.

4. The law of demand implies that demand curves


A) slope down. B) slope up.
C) shift rightward whenever the price rises. D) shift leftward whenever the price rises.

5. The price of cereal rises. As a result, people have cereal for breakfast on fewer days and eat
eggs instead. This behavior is an example of
A) a decrease in the quantity demanded of cereal because of the substitution effect.
B) an increase in the quantity demanded of eggs because of the income effect.
C) a decrease in the quantity supplied of cereal because of the substitution effect.
D) an increase in the quantity supplied of eggs because of the income effect.

6. A substitute is a good
A) that can be used in place of another good. B) that is not used in place of another good.
C) of lower quality than another good. D) of higher quality than another good.

Page 1 of 6
7. A complement is a good
A) of lower quality than another good. B) used in combination with another good.
C) used instead of another good. D) of higher quality than another good.

8. Macaroni is a normal good and rice is a substitute for macaroni. Tomato sauce is a
complement for macaroni. Which of the following increases the demand for macaroni?
A) an increase in the price of Tomato sauce B) a decrease in income
C) a decrease in population D) an increase in the price of rice

9. 10) Salma graduates and her income increases by $25,000 a year. Other things remaining
the same, she increases the quantity of clothes she buys. For Salma, clothes are ________.
A) an inferior good B) a normal good
C) a substitute good D) a complement good

Figure (1) shows the demand for fruit snacks, use it to answer questions (10) – (19):

Figure 1

10. In figure (1), which movement reflects an increase in demand?


A) from point a to point e B) from point a to point b
C) from point a to point c D) from point a to point d
Answer: D
11. In figure (1), which movement reflects a decrease in demand?
A) from point a to point e B) from point a to point b
C) from point a to point c D) from point a to point d
Answer: C

12. In figure (1), which movement reflects a decrease in quantity demanded but NOT a
decrease in demand?
A) from point a to point e B) from point a to point b
C) from point a to point c D) from point a to point d
Page 2 of 6
13. In figure (1), which movement reflects how consumers would react to an increase in the
price of a non-fruit snack?
A) from point a to point e B) from point a to point b
C) from point a to point c D) from point a to point d

14. In figure (1), which movement reflects an increase in the price of a substitute for fruit
snacks?
A) from point a to point e B) from point a to point b
C) from point a to point c D) from point a to point d

15. In figure (1), which movement reflects an increase in the price of a complement for fruit
snacks?
A) from point a to point e B) from point a to point b
C) from point a to point c D) from point a to point d

16. In figure (1), which movement reflects how consumers would react to an increase in the
price of a fruit snack that is expected to occur in the future?
A) from point a to point e B) from point a to point b
C) from point a to point c D) from point a to point d

17. In figure (1), which movement reflects an increase in income if fruit snacks are an inferior
good?
A) from point a to point e B) from point a to point b
C) from point a to point c D) from point a to point d

18. In figure (1), which movement reflects an increase in income if fruit snacks are a normal
good?
A) from point a to point e B) from point a to point b
C) from point a to point c D) from point a to point d

19. In figure (1), which movement reflects a decrease in population?


A) from point a to point e B) from point a to point b
C) from point a to point c D) from point a to point d

20. Which of the following shifts the supply curve rightward?


A) an increase in the population
B) a positive change in preferences for the good
C) a decrease in the price of the good
D) a decrease in the price of a factor of production used to produce the good

21. An increase in the number of fast-food restaurants


A) raises the price of fast-food meals.
B) increases the demand for fast-food meals.
C) increases the supply of fast-food meals.
D) increases the demand for substitutes for fast-food meals.

Page 3 of 6
Figure (2) shows the supply curves for soft drinks, use it to answer questions (22) –
(30):
Figure (2)

22. In figure (2), suppose the economy is at point a. A movement to point c could be the result
of
A) a decrease in technology.
B) a decrease in the relative price of a soft drink.
C) an increase in the relative price of a soft drink.
D) an increase in the money price of a soft drink.

23. In figure (2), suppose the economy is at point a. An increase in the price of a soft drink is
shown as a movement from point a to
A) none of the points that are illustrated. B) point b.
C) point c. D) point d.

24. In figure (2), suppose the economy is at point a. A movement to point d would be the result
of
A) an increase in technology.
B) a decrease in the relative price of a soft drink.
C) an increase in the relative price of a soft drink.
D) an increase in the number of soft drink suppliers.

25. In figure (2), suppose the economy is at point a. A decrease in the price of sugar used to
make soft drinks is shown as a movement from point a to a point such as
A) none of the points that are illustrated. B) point b.
C) point c. D) point d.

Page 4 of 6
26. In figure (2), suppose the economy is at point a. An increase in the number of suppliers
would be shown as a movement from point a to a point such as
A) none of the points that are illustrated. B) point b.
C) point c. D) point d.

27. In figure (2), suppose the economy is at point a. A movement to point b could be the result
of
A) an increase in technology.
B) a decrease in the relative price of a soft drink.
C) an increase in the relative price of a soft drink.
D) an increase in the money price of a soft drink.

28. When a market is in equilibrium,


A) everyone has all they want of the commodity in question.
B) there is no shortage and no surplus at the equilibrium price.
C) the number of buyers is exactly equal to the number of sellers.
D) the supply curve has the same slope as the demand curve.

29. The equilibrium price is the price at which the quantity


A) sold equals the quantity bought. B) demanded equals the quantity sold.
C) demanded equals the quantity supplied. D) supplied equals the quantity bought.

30. If the quantity of textbooks supplied is 10,000 per year and the quantity of textbooks
demanded is 12,000 per year, there is a _____ in the market and the price will ________.
A) shortage; rise B) shortage; fall
C) surplus; rise D) surplus; fall

Table 1) shows the demand schedule and supply schedule for chocolate chip cookies,
use it to answer questions (31) – (33):

Table (1)
Price Quantity Quantity
(dollars per supplied demanded
pound) (pounds) (pounds)
3 1 7
4 2 5
5 4 4
6 5 2
7 6 1

31. In table (1), What is the equilibrium quantity and equilibrium price for chocolate chip
cookies?
A) 7 pounds, $3.00 per pound B) 2 pounds, $3.00 per pound
C) 2 pounds, $6.00 per pound D) 4 pounds, $5.00 per pound

Page 5 of 6
32. In table (1), If the price is $4.00 per pound, there is a
A) shortage of 2 pounds of chocolate chip cookies.
B) shortage of 3 pounds of chocolate chip cookies.
C) shortage of 5 pounds of chocolate chip cookies.
D) surplus of 3 pounds of chocolate chip cookies.

33. In table (1), An increase in income results in an increase in the demand for chocolate
cookies by an amount of 3 pounds at every price. What are the new equilibrium quantity
and equilibrium price?
A) 5 pounds, $4.00 per pound B) 5 pounds, $6.00 per pound
C) 5 pounds, $5.00 per pound D) 4 pounds, $5.00 per pound

34. If the quantity of textbooks supplied is 10,000 per year and the quantity of textbooks
demanded is 8,000 per year, there is a ________ in the market and the price will ________.
A) shortage; rise B) shortage; fall
C) surplus; rise D) surplus; fall

Short answer questions:


Using table (2), answer the following questions:
Table (2)
Quantity
Quantity supplied
Price demanded
(millions of disks
(dollars per disk) (millions of disks
per month)
per month)
0.50 50 0
1.00 40 15
1.50 30 30
2.00 20 45
2.50 10 60
3.00 0 75

1) Suppose the market for CD-Rs has the demand and supply schedules shown in the table
above. What is the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity in this market?
Suppose the current price is $2.00. What is the quantity of CD-Rs sold? Explain. Is there a
shortage or a surplus? How big is it? Explain

2) Suppose the market for CD-Rs has the demand and supply schedules shown in the table
above. Suppose a technological advance increases the quantity of disks supplied at each
price by 25 million. What is the new equilibrium price and the new equilibrium quantity of
CD-Rs?

Page 6 of 6

Common questions

Powered by AI

An increase in income will generally lead to an increase in the demand for normal goods, causing the demand curve to shift rightwards, indicating an increase in demand at each price level. Graphically, this would correspond to movements such as from point a to point b on a demand curve, reflecting higher quantities demanded for the same price range .

A technological advancement generally increases the supply of goods, as it allows for more efficient production methods, reducing costs. This increase shifts the supply curve to the right, potentially leading to a lower equilibrium price and a higher equilibrium quantity in the market .

You determine whether a market is experiencing a surplus or shortage by comparing the quantity supplied to the quantity demanded at the prevailing price. If the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded, there is a surplus, leading to downward pressure on prices. Conversely, if the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied, there is a shortage, leading to upward pressure on prices .

The price elasticity of demand affects total revenue depending on whether the demand is elastic or inelastic. If demand is elastic, a decrease in price leads to an increase in total revenue because the percentage increase in quantity demanded exceeds the percentage decrease in price. Conversely, if demand is inelastic, a price decrease leads to a decrease in total revenue because the percentage increase in quantity demanded is less than the percentage decrease in price .

An equilibrium price is determined where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded. In a supply and demand schedule, this is identified at the price point where the two quantities match. For example, if at $1.50 the quantity demanded is 30 units and the quantity supplied is also 30 units, this is the equilibrium price and quantity .

The law of demand implies that demand curves slope downwards. This is because, typically, as the price of a good decreases, the quantity demanded of that good increases, and conversely, as the price increases, the quantity demanded decreases .

An increase in the price of one complementary good generally leads to a decrease in the demand for another complementary good, as these goods are typically consumed together. For example, if the price of tomato sauce (a complement for macaroni) rises, the demand for macaroni is likely to fall, as the overall cost of the meal combination increases .

A decrease in the price of a factor of production lowers production costs, leading to an increase in supply as firms can produce more at a lower cost. This is represented by a rightward shift in the supply curve, indicating that at each price level, a greater quantity of the good will be supplied .

An increase in population can influence the supply curve if it leads to greater labor availability, reducing production costs or increasing production capacity. For instance, if a population increase results in more individuals entering the workforce, a firm may be able to produce goods more efficiently or at a lower cost, shifting the supply curve to the right. This affects the supply side, rather than directly shifting demand .

An increase in the price of a substitute good usually leads to an increase in the demand for a related good, as consumers switch from the more expensive substitute to the relatively cheaper related good. This is because substitutions occur when two goods can replace one another to some extent in consumption .

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