Name: TIDALGO, LEONARDO A.
Year & Section: BSED-MATH 3B
Problem Set in Statistics
Solve the following problems.
Marking guide
1. Stating the Null and Alternative Hypothesis (2 points)
2. Selecting the level of significance and alpha level (1 point)
3. Computing statistics (3 points) – kindly attach result from the software
4. Decision/conclusion
Stating the statistical result (1 point)
Decision (1 point)
Stating the implications (2 points)
1. Two different remediation methods were randomly assigned to a group of low achievers in
Statistics and their test scores were collected after the treatment. Use the median test to determine
whether there is a difference in their performance as a result of the method used.
Remediation Method A Remediation Method B
case Score Case score
1 85 13 87
2 85 15 86
3 84 15 83
4 80 16 77
5 80 17 76
6 79 18 73
7 78 19 72
8 75 20 72
9 75 21 71
10 74 22 71
11 71 23 70
12 70 24 69
Hypothesis:
(Null hypothesis) Ho: There is no difference in the performance of low achievers in Statistic as a result of
the different remediation methods.
(Alternative hypothesis) H1: There is a difference in the performance of low achievers in Statistic as a
result of the different remediation methods.
H1: The performance of low achievers in Statistic have a significant result in different remediation
methods.
: The alpha level for this problem is 0.05, indicating that we would reject the null hypothesis if the p-
value calculated from the median test is less than 0.05.
Analysis:
The p-value is > .05 (.317), this means that there is no significant difference in the performance of low
achievers in Statistic of two groups the remediation method A and the remediation method B. The
performance of low achievers in Statistic have no significant result in different remediation methods.
With the mean of Remediation method, A= 78.5, and Remediation method, B= 72.5.
2. Do male or female students endorse stricter norm of honesty? Samples of 30 students, 15 males
and 15 females, were given brief description on 20 situations that might be considered as
dishonesty ( for example, glancing at somebody’s paper during the test, copying someone’s
solution in doing the assignment, etc.) and were asked to classify each from a scale of ‘very
honest’ to ‘not honest at all’. Summative data ranging from 50 (indicating stricter norm of
honesty) to 0 are given. Is the difference between male and female students statistically
significant? Use Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test at alpha level .05.
Male Female
29 16 25 36 41 29
36 37 33 42 38 20
24 27 27 46 45 40
26 38 31 41 38 43
38 28 30 48 37 39
Hypothesis:
(Null hypothesis) Ho: There is no difference in the endorsement of stricter norms of honesty between
male and female students.
(Alternative hypothesis) H1: There is a difference in the endorsement of stricter norms of honesty
between male and female students.
: The alpha level for the test as given is 0.05, which mean that we would reject the null hypothesis if the
p-value calculated from the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney is less than 0.05.
Analysis:
The p-value is <.05 (.001), this means that there is a significant difference in the endorsement of stricter
norms of honesty between male and female. Students have might consider as dishonesty higher than the
honesty in glancing at somebody’s paper during the test, copying someone’s solution in doing the
assignment, etc.
3. Wanda conducted a study on the understanding of an attitude towards filial piety among 3 different age
groups (26-35, 36-45, and 46-55) in Metro Manila. A Filial Piety Inventory was administered. One of the
items asked in the survey questionnaire was: “In the case of a family with many sons, at least one of the
sons must remain to stay with the parents.” Results of the responses among these three groups were given
as follows:
Responses of the respondents
Grouping Strongly agree Agree Uncertain Disagree Strongly
disagree
Age 26-35 4 8 0 1 1
Age 35-45 16 9 0 5 0
Age 46-55 23 3 0 0 0
Apply Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to determine if there is a significant difference in the
understanding of and attitude towards filial piety among the three age groups. Use 2 groups at a time and
let α = 0.05.
Hypothesis:
(Null hypothesis) Ho: There is no significant difference in the understanding of an attitude towards filial piety
among the three different age groups (26-35, 36-45, 46-55) in Metro Manila.
(Alternative hypothesis) H1: There is a significant difference in the understanding of an attitude towards filial piety
among the three different age groups (26-35, 36-45, 46-55) in Metro Manila.
: The alpha level for the test as given is 0.05.
4. A researcher wonders if interest in sports programs, particularly basketball tournaments is significantly
related to social class classified as working class, middle class and upper class. The table below reports the
relationship between these two variables for a sample of 207 citizens in a community.
Interest in sports Social class
Working Middle Upper
High 12 45 7
Low 24 40 21
moderate 21 14 23
Hypothesis:
(Null hypothesis) Ho: There is no significant relationship between interest in sports programs, particularly basketball
tournaments and social class (Working class, middle class, and upper class).
(Alternative hypothesis) H1: There is a significant relationship between interest in sports programs, particularly
basketball tournaments and social class (Working class, middle class, and upper class).
Analysis:
Since the p-value < .05 (.001), reject the Ho. This means that there is a significant relationship between interest in
sports programs, particularly basketball tournaments and social class (Working class, middle class, and upper class).
5. How consistent are people in their voting habits? Do people vote for the same party from election to
election? Below are the results of a poll in which people are asked if they had voted for NP or LP in each of
the last two presidential elections.
2022 ELECTION
2016 ELECTION NP LP
NP 117 23
LP 27 178
Hypothesis:
(Null hypothesis) Ho: There is no significant consistency in people’s voting habits, meaning people do
not consistently vote for the same party from election to election.
(Alternative hypothesis) H1: There is a significant consistency in people’s voting habits, meaning people
do consistently vote for the same party from election to election.
Analysis:
Since the p-value < .05 (.001), reject the Ho. This means that there is a significant consistency in people’s voting
habits, meaning people do consistently vote for the same party from election to election.
6. Create a hypothetical data then analyze the result using the Jamovi software for the following
a. T-test (related and unrelated)
b. Pearson r
c. Phi-coefficient
d. Point-biserial correlation
e. Rank biserial correlation
a. T-test
- Related (Paired): Let's say we have a group of 10 students, and we measure their math scores before and
after a special tutoring program.
Before: [85, 88, 92, 95, 90, 87, 85, 90, 92, 93]
After: [90, 92, 95, 97, 95, 90, 88, 94, 96, 95]
- Unrelated (Independent): Let's say we have test scores of 10 students from two different schools.
School A: [85, 88, 92, 95, 90, 87, 85, 90, 92, 93]
School B: [90, 92, 95, 97, 95, 90, 88, 94, 96, 95]
b. Pearson r: Let's consider a dataset of 10 people's ages and their corresponding blood pressure readings.
Age: [25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70]
Blood Pressure: [120, 125, 130, 135, 140, 145, 150, 155, 160, 165]
c. Phi-coefficient: Let's say we have data on 100 people, showing whether they smoke (yes or no) and
whether they have lung disease (yes or no).
d. Point-biserial correlation: Let's say we have data on 10 people's genders (male=1, female=0), and their
corresponding scores on a math test.
Gender: [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0]
Math Score: [85, 88, 92, 95, 90, 87, 85, 90, 92, 93]
e. Rank biserial correlation: Let's say we have data on 10 people's ranks in a race (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.), and
whether they trained for the race (yes=1, no=0).
Rank: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
Trained: [1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]
Determine if there is a significant improvement in the learning process of the students based from their pre-
evaluation and post-evaluation conducted by the teacher. Use the six step model for hypothesis testing. Set alpha
level at .05.
Student Pre-Evaluation Post Evaluation
1. 25 28
2. 23 19
3. 30 34
4. 7 10
5. 3 6
6. 22 26
7. 12 13
8. 30 47
9. 5 16
10. 14 9
TOTAL 171 208
MEAN 17.1 20.8
s.d. 10.2 12.9
t-test for independent samples
In a study of comparing grades of students in mathematics between public and private schools. Assuming that 5
samples were randomly chosen, test the hypothesis at .05 level of significance.
Student Private Public
1. 1.5 1.25
2. 1.5 1.75
3. 2.0 2.25
4. 2.5 2.0
5. 2.5 1.25
TOTAL 10 8.5
Sum of mean square 2.00 1.70
s.d. 0.500 0.447
One-way ANOVA
In an initiative campaign for “Safe School for the Future” random samples of cities where big schools are located
have been drawn from each of the four geographical regions. The crime rates for each region are reported. Test
hypothesis at .05 level of significance.
North South WEST NCR
8 13 18 34
8 10 20 30
10 18 21 10
6 20 12 25
3 21 11 26
2 8 10 28
4 12 12 7
12 10 10 26
7 25 30 23
8 12 21 18
Two-way anova
A randomly selected sample of 20 entering college freshmen (10 males and 10 females) have participated in a
special program to enhance their academic abilities and their GPA’s at the end of one year have been recorded. A
group of 20 students (10 males and 10 females) from the same class who did not participate the program have been
chosen as control group and they have been matched with the experimental group by gender, age, high school GPA,
College Board scores, and declared college major. The results (GPA’s) are presented below.
Special Program Students Control Group
Male Female Male Female
3.45 3.10 3.01 3.41
3.04 3.01 2.00 2.41
3.00 3.00 3.76 2.56
2.89 2.76 2.90 2.80
2.75 2.67 2.00 2.01
2.50 2.50 2.65 1.90
2.40 2.33 1.67 2.40
2.30 2.00 1.97 1.50
2.00 1.80 1.23 2.89
Statistics in Education
Problem Set #1
Answer the following problems
1. A survey on college faculty rate per hour was conducted to five different universities by the
research team of St. Statistics University. The objective is to determine if the current rate
applied in the university is still acceptable. If not, management has to grant the amount
specified in the demands of the university union. The following suggested hourly rates in peso of
50 respondents from 5 universities.
220 235 250 225 210 254 215 285 270 232
250 275 220 245 300 275 240 295 250 310
204 289 280 310 243 276 350 312 400 500
350 330 369 420 500 385 365 345 297 340
208 212 296 305 312 320 285 310 274 200
a. Prepare a frequency distribution of the data.
b. Construct a appropriate graph to describe the data set.
c. What is the lowest salary rate per hour? How much is the highest?
d. Make your conclusion.
2. Consider the following scores as the result of College Entrance Examination of 30 students who
had taken the admission test.
85 81 94 100 77 98 96 98 67 88
74 79 80 96 83 93 87 77 66 83
66 72 86 91 70 83 94 90 87 61
Calculate the following using the appropriate function:
Statistical formula Value (round off to the nearest hundredths place)
A Mean
B Median
C Mode
D Variance
E Standard Deviation
F 3rd Quartile
G 3rd Decile
H 7th Decile
I 45th Percentile
J 85th Percentile
K Range
L Inter Quartile Range
M Quartile Deviation
3. It is well known that similarity in attitudes, beliefs, and interests plays an important role in
interpersonal attraction. Thus, correlations for attitudes between married couples should be
strong. Suppose a researcher developed a questionnaire that measures how liberal or
conservation one’s attitude are. Low scores indicate that the person has liberal attitudes,
whereas high scores indicate conservatism. The following hypothetical data are scores for
married couples.
Couple A B C D E F G H
wife 11 6 16 4 1 10 5 3
husband 14 7 15 7 3 9 9 8
Compute the Pearson correlation for these data and determine whether there is significant
correlation between attitudes for husbands and wives. Set alpha level at .05, two-tails. Use the
six-step model of hypothesis testing.
4. For the following scores,
X Y
1 5
2 9
4 3
5 1
3 2
a. sketch a scatter plot showing the five data points.
b. Just looking at the scatter plot, estimate the value of the Pearson correlation.
c. computes the Pearson correlation.