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Evolution of 3D
Printing

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Language laboratory Report on

Submitted by
HIMANSHU OMAR
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering(ECE)
STUDENT ID: 2020UEC1341

Submitted to:
CHANDANA SINGH NIRWAL
Humanities And Social Science Department

MALAVIYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JAIPUR

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PREFACE

The report on EVOLUTION ON 3D PRINTING is an attempt to study and visualize the scope

of 3D printing in the coming future. This basis for this report originally stemmed from my

curiosity toward new technology. As the world moves further into the modern age, there are a

huge number of innovations being done and 3D printing is one of them.

An effort has been made to present the report in lucid fashion that can easily be understood by

the [Link] suggestions for the improvement of this report will be fully acknowledged.

Himanshu Omar

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering(ECE)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind

support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks

to all of them. Firstly, I would like to express my special thanks to our language lab instructor

CHANDANA MA’AM for including this topic on my report . Through this project I came to

know about so many new things,about 3D printing and future scope of 3D printing due to which

I am really thankful to her.

Himanshu Omar

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE)

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CONTENT

I.) Preface 3

II.) Acknowledgment 4

1.) Executive Summary 6

2.) Introduction 8

3.) Theory 5

3.1) What is 3D Printing 9

3.2) History 10

3.3) Working 14

3.4) Different types of Printing Technologies 14

3.5) Present Application 16

3.6) Future Application 19

4) Bibliography 24

5) Glossary 25

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

3-D printing is a tremendously exciting new technology that is changing the

face of modern manufacturing. The transformative impact of this technology on

producing things is only likely to increase as it continues developing.

3D printing or additive manufacturing, has become more visible in years as 3d

printing companies pop up in more communities and 3d printed products have

become more popular.

It may seem like 3d printing has only recently exploded onto the scene but the

reality is that the technology has been around for three decades.

It works on the concept of laying down successive layers to manufacture a finished

object and this way of laying down successive layers gives birth to different types of

printing technologies which we will discuss in the further coming sections.

Its recent uses can be seen in prototyping industries, medical, fashion, robotics

industries, etc.

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But this is not the limit of this revolution, this industry is revolutionizing the present

and going to revolutionize the future also.

The revolution can also be tasted by the concept of extraterrestrial construction in

space which includes domes for living, researching, storage, etc.

At last the conclusion of this summary is that we are witnessing the fourth industrial

revolution for manufacturing supported by 3d printing. In the future technologies

play a big role in our life and 3d printing will be the core of that and it will also

become a mainstream technology for serial manufacturing.

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Introduction
This report on the topic, The evolution of 3d printing. In this report we tried
to briefly discuss the 3d printing technology and its evolution. It includes the
following major topics-

● What is 3d printing?
● History
● Working
● Types of printing technologies
● Its Present and future impacts.

In these topics we will see how 3d printing allows us to make anything from
nothing. Really this technology is going to change our life and is going to
impact this fast developing world with its extraordinary speed. Without
wasting our time let us move further and have a look at this rapidly growing
technology. We hope you enjoy this.

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What is 3D printing ?

We are going to have a look at what 3D printing is and how 3D printers allow us to make

anything from [Link] we need to take a step back and look at how we normally make

[Link] are four ways of making any stuff.

The first way is called Subtractive manufacturing in which we take a lump of

material and we cut it in a way to take the shape of desired [Link] in this we

subtract or remove from that material to create [Link] example could be

craving a wooden chair from a tree.

The second way is forming in which we take a material and apply a force to change

its [Link] example could be an earthpots.

The third one is casting in which we take a solid material and melt it into liquid then

pour it in a mould of desired shape. A very interesting example of casting is the way

we make chocolate bunnies or teddy bears.

The fourth way we make any stuff is additive manufacturing in which we take a

material and add it exactly where we want it,until we get a finished object.

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And 3D printing is one type of additive manufacturing which involves making stuff

by adding material in one tiny layer at a time. It also uses less material than

traditional methods.

History and evolution of 3d printing

From reducing costs to increasing efficiency to spurring innovation, many people are excited

about the impact that 3d printing will have on the future of manufacturing. However, the truth is,

it already has made a significant impact on the industry.

Let’s take a look back at the evolution of 3d printing to see how the phenomenon started and how

it has helped the manufacturing industry evolve.

The 1980s: setting the foundations of 3d printing

3D printing was only an idea in the 1980s. In 1981, Hideo Kodama of the Nagoya municipal

industrial research institute in Japan discovered a way to print layers of material to create a 3d

product. Unfortunately, Kodama was unable to get his patent for the technology approved.

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Meanwhile, in France, the french general electric company and cialis, a manufacturer of laser

and optical technology, found a way to create 3d printed objects. However, the companies didn’t

see a use for the technology, and they soon abandoned their discoveries.

Finally in 1986, an American engineer named Charles Hull created a prototype for a process

called stereolithography (sla). Hull used photopolymers, also known as acrylic-based materials,

to evolve from liquid to solid using ultraviolet lights. hull patented the sla printer and other

companies followed suit. Hull is commonly referred to as “the father” of 3d printing.

Two other key technologies were patented during this period as well – selective laser sintering

(sls), which uses powder grains to form 3d printed products; and fused deposition modeling

(fdm), which uses heat to layer 3d models. These 3d printing models set the foundation for 3d

printing.

The 1990s: more technologies and more adoption

With the foundation of the technology already created, companies began experimenting,

expanding and, ultimately, commercializing 3d printing.

Several new 3d printers came to market, including the modelmaker from solidscape®, which

deposited wax materials using an inkjet print head, which was more common to traditional

printing.

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New processes, such as microcasting and sprayed materials, allowed 3d printing to be used for

metals, not just plastics.

However, the technology was still cost prohibitive. As a result, adoption was limited to high-cost,

low-volume product production. Thus, it became a natural fit for prototyping new products in the

aerospace, automotive and medical industries.

The 2000s: 3D printing explodes

While there were iterative changes and innovations related to 3d printing throughout the early

2000s, 2005 marked the year that 3d printing went on

the path to becoming more mainstream. Many of the

early patents began to expire, and inventors and

entrepreneurs sought to take advantage.

A professor in England named dr. Adrian Bowyer made

it his mission to create a low-cost 3d printer. By 2008, his “darwin” printer had successfully 3D

printed over 18% of its own components, and the device cost less than $650.

When the fdm patent fell to the public domain in 2009, more companies were able to create a

variety of 3d printers and the technology became more accessible.

3d printing began making mainstream headlines, as concepts such as 3d printed limbs and 3d

printed kidneys were fascinating and potentially powerful.

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The 2010s and the maker movement

As the cost of 3d printers continued to decline, the demand for the technology began to soar, and

they became more commonplace in the home and in businesses.

On the shop floor, manufacturers began leveraging 3d printing in a variety of ways. machine

parts could be repaired quickly, and inventory shortages could be fought with ease.

By 2014, the industry generated more than $1 billion in revenue. but along with the impressive

financial impact of the technology, 3d printing also made an impact on how people work.

People were now free to make and create new products on their own, without relying on

companies or technology firms. This empowering shift is fueling the maker revolution, which

values creation and focuses on open-source hardware.

According to a 2017 analysis by A.T. Kearney, 3d printing was expected to experience a

compound annual growth rate (cagr) of 14.37 percent to nearly $17.2 billion between 2017 and

2020.

2020: 3D printing responds to covid-19

Throughout the decades, the technology of 3d printing has continued to disrupt the

manufacturing industry. in march 2020, many manufacturers and engineers stepped up to fight

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The covid-19 pandemic and the amount of calls to action of the 3d printing community to supply

necessary material and products is something no industry expert would have predicted.

More than 1700 3d printing specialists have offered to 3d print masks, respirators, valves, and

more. a leading 3d printing, cnc machining and injection moulding company, protolabs,

announced on twitter, “we already have a number of customers who’ve reached out to us for help

in expediting the production of components for #covid19 test kits and ventilators. working on a

10,000 run part order to be shipped out tomorrow. never been more proud to do what we do!

#digital manufacturing”

proto labs and many other manufacturers are working quickly to produce medical supplies — at

no charge. to see which buyers are in-market for the additive manufacturing services you offer,

request our free custom in-market buyer report.

Working and types of technologies of 3D printers

So far we have seen how 3d printers evolved over a long period of time. Now if we talk about the

working of a 3d printer then there are basically three major steps involved in manufacturing any

3d object.

● In the first step we first create a digital model of a 3d object by using any digital

modelling softwares or CAD.

● This digital model is sent for second step to the printer where the printer manipulates this

digital model in the form of slices or what we call layers and create a .stl(Standard

Tessellation Language) file, which is then sent for final processing.

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● In the last step the printer reads this stl file and lays down the successive layers to create

the desired object.

This process of laying down the successive layers gives birth to different types of printing

technologies, we would try to discuss mainly three of them.

● Selective laser sintering (SLS)

● Stereolithography

● Fused deposition modelling (FDM)

If we talk about selective laser sintering , then as its name suggest it is a sintering process which

means solidification with the help of heat treatment.

So here we use a high power laser to solidify the powdered form of a particular type of plastics,

glasses & ceramics to form the layers of our desired object.

Then comes stereolithography, in this process we use UV lasers to solidify the photopolymer

resins in a way to form a particular layer of the object.

Now comes Fused deposition modelling, which forms layers by using thermoplastic filament

which when heated gets liquified and then ejected through the nozzle on the desired locations.

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PRESENT APPLICATIONS

Over the past few years we’ve seen greater

sophistication in terms of the size and complexity of

what additive manufacturing technology can

produce. Most often, 3D printing is used in the

production of small-quantity items—components

very specific to a particular need that can’t be made

in any other way without requiring multiple

operations. It works well, for instance, when the geometries to be performed on a machined

object are very difficult. And because it’s less expensive and/or faster than machining, especially

in producing prototypes, additive manufacturing is emerging as the predominant technology in

the tools sector.

Today, 3D printing technology is evolving as rapidly as its use cases. For example, 3D printers

can use material that dissolves, which lets them produce items with interlocking components.

Engineers are able to use different materials for different purposes, such as 3D printing a bearing

with a slippery interior surface and a rigid exterior. The same is true for printing one object using

several different colors, which involves keeping materials separated but still bonded. The recent

Consumer Electronics Show featured 3D printers using color cartridges as easy to replace as ink

cartridges in a standard inkjet printer.

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It’s benefitting from the use of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and Internet

of Things (IoT) networked sensors, which monitor 3D printing processes closely to help increase

speed and reliability. Meanwhile, other limitations to the technology, such as restrictions on

materials and processes, are diminishing as well. As a result, several industries, including

aerospace, automotive, and healthcare, are embracing additive manufacturing for everyday work.

In this presentation we have discussed how additive manufacturing will bring changes in the

sectors like medical field , manufacturing and aerospace research .

Medical 3D printing was once an ambitious pipe dream. However, time and investment made it

real. Nowadays, the 3D printing technology represents a big opportunity to help pharmaceutical

and medical companies to create more specific drugs, enabling a rapid production of medical

implants, and changing the way that doctors and surgeons plan procedures. Patient-specific

3D-printed anatomical models are becoming increasingly useful tools in today’s practice of

precision medicine and for personalized treatments. In the future, 3D-printed implantable organs

will probably be available, reducing the waiting lists and increasing the number of lives saved.

Additive manufacturing for healthcare is still very much a work in progress, but it is already

applied in many different ways in the medical field that, already reeling under immense pressure

with regards to optimal performance and reduced costs, will stand to gain unprecedented benefits

from this good-as-gold technology. More upcoming uses discussed in the future section.

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In this way, 3D printing has the potential to significantly improve the research knowledge and the

skills of the new generation of surgeons, the relationship between patient and surgeon, increasing

the level of understanding of the disease involved, and the patient-specific design of implantable

devices and surgical tools and optimize the surgical process and cost . Nowadays, different

printing techniques and material are available in order to better reproduce the patient's anatomy.

Most of the available printing materials are rigid and therefore not optimum for flexibility and

elasticity, unlike biological tissue. 3D printing, or additive manufacturing, has the potential to

democratize the production of goods, from food to medical supplies.

As this technology spreads, it could help connect marginalized and difficult-to-reach populations

with essential products. All in all, this emerging technology has the potential to revolutionize our

societies, and transform the development sector. In order for this to happen, we need to ensure

that this emerging technology gets into the hands of development practitioners and stakeholders

around the world.

When humans begin to colonize the moon and Mars, they will need to be able to make

everything from small tools to large buildings using the limited surrounding resources. Despite

being made of rigid micro-rocks, the resulting 3D-painted material is flexible, elastic, and tough

-- similar to rubber. This is the first example of rubber-like or soft materials resulting from lunar

and Martian simulant materials. The material can be cut, rolled, folded, and otherwise shaped

after being 3D painted, if desired. "We even 3D-printed interlocking bricks, similar to Legos, that

can be used as building blocks," Extraterrestrial buildings probably will be built through additive

construction using a large-scale 3D printer, 3D printing with indigenous materials is a sustainable

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and versatile solution to off-world construction that will prove to be vital to our future here on

Earth and in Outer Space,"

Building humanity's first home on another world will be the most ambitious construction project

in human history and will push science, engineering, technology, and architecture to literal new

heights,"

The future of additive manufacturing & 3d printing

It has been inspirational to see the evolution of 3d printing and to see manufacturers across all

industries work together to shape the industry and economy. According to statista, the worldwide

market for 3d printing products and services is anticipated to exceed 40 billion u.s. dollars by

2024.

Additive manufacturing suppliers and 3d designers continue to list their company on

[Link] to increase their rfqs and grow their business . As the 3d printing community

continues to evolve, we are curious to see how the rest of the manufacturing industry evolves too.

Over the past few years we’ve seen greater sophistication in terms of the size and complexity of

what additive manufacturing technology can produce.

Most often, 3D printing is used in the production of small-quantity items—components very

specific to a particular need that can’t be made in any other way without requiring multiple

operations. It works well, for instance, when the geometries to be performed on a machined

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object are very difficult. And because it’s less expensive and/or faster than machining, especially

in producing prototypes, additive manufacturing is emerging as the predominant technology in

the tools sector.

Today, 3D printing technology is evolving as rapidly as its use cases. For example, 3D printers

can use material that dissolves, which lets them produce items with interlocking components.

Engineers are able to use different materials for different purposes, such as 3D printing a bearing

with a slippery interior surface and a rigid exterior. The same is true for printing one object using

several different colors, which involves keeping materials separated but still bonded. The recent

Consumer Electronics Show featured 3D printers using color cartridges as easy to replace as ink

cartridges in a standard inkjet printer.

It’s benefitting from the use of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and Internet

of Things (IoT) networked sensors, which monitor 3D printing processes closely to help increase

speed and reliability. Meanwhile, other limitations to the technology, such as restrictions on

materials and processes, are diminishing as well. As a result, several industries, including

aerospace, automotive, and healthcare, are embracing additive manufacturing for everyday work.

In the report we have discussed how additive manufacturing will bring changes in the sectors like

medical field , manufacturing and aerospace research .

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● BIO MEDICAL USES

Medical 3D printing was once an ambitious pipe dream. However, time and investment made it

real. Nowadays, the 3D printing technology

represents a big opportunity to help pharmaceutical

and medical companies to create more specific

drugs, enabling a rapid production of medical

implants, and changing the way that doctors and

surgeons plan procedures. Patient-specific

3D-printed anatomical models are becoming increasingly useful tools in today’s practice of

precision medicine and for personalized treatments. In the future, 3D-printed implantable organs

will probably be available, reducing the waiting lists and increasing the number of lives saved.

Additive manufacturing for healthcare is still very much a work in progress, but it is already

applied in many different ways in the medical field that, already reeling under immense pressure

with regards to optimal performance and reduced costs, will stand to gain unprecedented benefits

from this good-as-gold technology.

In this way, 3D printing has the potential to significantly improve the research knowledge and

the skills of the new generation of surgeons, the relationship between patient and surgeon,

increasing the level of understanding of the disease involved, and the patient-specific design of

implantable devices and surgical tools and optimize the surgical process and cost . Nowadays,

different printing techniques and material are available in order to better reproduce the patient's

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anatomy. Most of the available printing materials are rigid and therefore not optimum for

flexibility and elasticity, unlike biological tissue.

FLEXIBILITY IN MANUFACTURING

3D printing, or additive manufacturing, has the

potential to democratize the production of goods,

from food to medical supplies. As this technology

spreads, it could help connect marginalized and

difficult-to-reach populations with essential products. All in all, this emerging technology has the

potential to revolutionize our societies, and transform the development sector. In order for this to

happen, we need to ensure that this emerging technology gets into the hands of development

practitioners and stakeholders around the world.

● EXTRATERRESTRIAL CONSTRUCTION

Extraterrestrial buildings probably will be built through

additive construction using a large-scale 3D printer,

When humans begin to colonize the moon and Mars, they

will need to be able to make everything from small tools

to large buildings using the limited surrounding

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resources."Building humanity's first home on another world will be the most ambitious

construction project in human history and will push science, engineering, technology, and

architecture to literal new heights," Despite being made of rigid micro-rocks, the

resulting 3D-painted material is flexible, elastic, and tough -- similar to rubber. This is the

first example of rubber-like or soft materials resulting from lunar and Martian simulant

materials. The material can be cut, rolled, folded, and otherwise shaped after being 3D

painted, if desired.

We even 3D-printed interlocking bricks, similar to Legos, that can be used as building blocks.

3D printing with indigenous materials is a sustainable and versatile solution to off-world

construction that will prove to be vital to our future here on Earth and in Outer Space.

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Bibliography
Important references-

[Link]
[Link]
[Link]/evolution-of-3d-printing
[Link]
[Link]
inting
[Link]
[Link]
recast-in-crazy-3d-printing-stock-market/#57e7d24925df
What is 3D printing?

Why This 3D-Printed House Will Change The World

How Does Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) Work?

How Does Stereolithography (SLA) 3D Printing Work?

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) Process at Loughborough Unive…

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Glossary
Additive manufacturing: manufacturing involves making stuff by adding material in one tiny layer.

Anatomy: study of structures of organisms and their parts.

CAD: use of computers to aid in creation, modification, analysis or optimization of a design.

Forming- changing shape by applying force on it.

Ceramic: made of clay that has been baked.

DARWIN: low cost printer which builds 18% of its own components.

Extraterrestrial: material refers to natural objects now on earth that originated in outer space.

Fused deposition model: one of the printing technologies uses thermoplastic filament to form layers.

Micro casting: process based on the well-known lost wax-lost mold technology of investment casting.

Patent: granting of a property right by a sovereign authority to an inventor.

Photopolymers: polymers that change their properties when exposed to light.

Protolabs: company that provides rapid manufacturing of low volume of 3D printed material for
prototyping and production.

Prototype: first model or design of something from which other forms will be developed.

Standard Tessellation language: file format native to the stereolithography CAD software created by 3D
systems.

Selective laser sintering: type of 3d printing technology which uses high power lasers to form layers by
solidifying powdered materials.

Stereolithography: type of printing technology which solidifies the photopolymer raisins to form
layers.

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