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Writing Effective Essays and Reports

The document provides guidance on how to structure an essay. It outlines that an introduction should introduce the topic, present the thesis, and state the arguments that will be discussed. Body paragraphs should introduce arguments, explain them in detail, refute any counterarguments, and link back to the thesis. Vocabulary words are provided to help structure the paragraphs.

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Mireia Kozlova
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
3 views5 pages

Writing Effective Essays and Reports

The document provides guidance on how to structure an essay. It outlines that an introduction should introduce the topic, present the thesis, and state the arguments that will be discussed. Body paragraphs should introduce arguments, explain them in detail, refute any counterarguments, and link back to the thesis. Vocabulary words are provided to help structure the paragraphs.

Uploaded by

Mireia Kozlova
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

blog

speech
-

proposal
example I will:

analyse ...
in this
essay will be analysed ...

Essay ·
Nouse of 1s
person (me) , allways use bid person example :
I think the best option is ...

according to the previous


arguments discussed throughort
the
essay it can be concluded
,

that the best option is ...

Introduction
·

-Introduce topic ,
explain what
you will speak about and
why or do a rethorical question
-Present your thesis/position (point of viewl

State briefly the arguments will discuss lately


-

very you .

*
Example :

Introduce topic
State main
points you will discuss in the
essay
X

it will be
discussed

Vocabulary :

According to ...

Paragraph 1 (most important argument)


·

Introduce first argument very briefly (strongest argument)


-

Explain the argument in detail (background)


Refute
any arguments against your point
-

-Link to the principal topic


*

Example :

Introduce argument very briefly


Explain the with more details
argument

*
vocabulary :
-

firstly ...,
in first place ...,
on the one hand ...,
to begin with ...

Also , frthermore , according to therefore


, , despite
-
,
however
,
nevertheless , although ,
reas even though , ,
moreover ...

aunque

Paragrah
·

Introduce second argument very briefly


-

Explain the
argument in detail (background)
Refute
any arguments against your point
-

-Link to the principal topic


*

Example :

Introduce argument

*
Vocabulary :
-

secondly ,
in second placee..., on the other hand...

Also , frthermore , according to therefore


, , despite
-
,
however
,
nevertheless , although ,
rea even
though ,
moreover ...

aunque
·

Conclusion

the text
what you have throughout
-

Summarise said

-Link all arguments (how the 2 arguments link with each other)
-Arrive to a conclusion by supporting the thesis/position stated in the introduction

Example
*

Vocabulary
:

inconclusion ,
in a nutshell , concluding , in
summary ,
overall , according to the
previous arguments ...
Report Oficial report (you can invent facts)
·

Title

Report of the report


-

on ...

topic
-

Topic of the report :

a report

Introduction
·

Explain for
writing report The purpose this report is to
-

your purpose your


:

of ...

Topic the report


-

of

3
Key points
-

main

Example
*
:

purpose for writing the report


topic
3 main
key points
Vocabulary this report to the purpose this report examine/evaluate/explain/describe/analyse/present/outline
*

: aims ...,
of is to ...

Paragraphs' each paragraph should have a


subheading (mini title)

Present Key point


-

Develop the point


Crepeat the structure in all 3 paragraphs)
-

can also link to the main topic

Example
*

topic of the paragraph


contain the main information)
and formal expressions
usefullanguage
Linking words (link the sentences)

vocabulary
:

first of all , secondly ,


furthermore moreover
, ,
in fact , lastly ,
the fact that , finally ,
it has to be stressed that ,
in
spite of ...

Conclusion
·

contain heading recommendations


-

a
:

Must

-Summarise the key points


-

Provide conclusions

Give recommendations luse persuasive language)


-

Sive a final answer

*
Example :

persuasive language

the following implemented:..., I feel it


Vocabulary I would I would advise for . . . ,
* :

strongly recommend that ...,


measures should be

would be to our
advantage if . . . , the best solution would be ..., provided that these recommendations are taken into consideration ,
...
Formal letter email use 3rd person

salutation
·

Sir Madam ,
3 don't know who the letter for
-

Dear or is

To whom this
may concern ,

I
-

Dear Mr .
Jenkins ,

know who the letter is for Callways put the surname , never the name)
-

Dear director editor....

Paragraph 1
-

Introduce the purpose of the letter (summary and intentions) :


Why you are
writing this letter

Example
*
:

Useful frases to start

Topic

Explanation

Paragraph 2-3-4...
·

Provide main information the letter


-

of

Describe the main purpose mentioned in the paragraph 1

keep the information to the essentials and concentrate


organising in clear logical rather than expanding too much
-

on it a and manner

Ishould not be
very extensive)

-Allways be polite and respectfulc use modal verbs (would ,


could ,
should ...
)

Write clearly and simply


-

-Avoid contractions (I'm - I am ,


it's - it is ,
don't - do not ...
)
*
Example :

closing off
signing
·

and

Shortly summarise the intent (purposel


-

End with some call to action :

take ,
return the money ,
send informationn...
*

Example :

Call to action , ask them to reply or response

-Closing and signing off :


Yours faithfully ,

Signature (your name)


*

Example :
I intro
Title +
:

to be reviewing
Nave what you aregoins
Identify the book, esterent film
or

z bain content :

paregraph - describe the first thing


mentioned in the task

Review paregraphi describe the second ...

.
3 Recommendation :
Title
·

contain your general impression and


re
~ redict
your
.

Reviewing a book : (Title of the book) by (Author of the book)


-

Reviewing a hotel :

(Name of the hotel) -

a review

Reviewing a restaurant (it can be


something catchy)
:

(name of the restaurant) :

Unforgettable experience

Introduction (not necessary to be a real movie ,


book ,
restaurant... you can invent it

Identify the thing you are


going to review and state its
genue (science fiction novel ,
horror movie )
... or

its location ,
if its a restaurant or a hotel .

brief description of what the book movie is about


give a
-

Can , ...

Engage the reader , we can ask a rethorical question


*

Example :

rethorical question

identification of reviewed item (of what is being reviewed)

Body paragraphs
·

Describe the points


-

why this person made an important contribution ?


-

Need to answer discuss


did learn anything new about the person's life ?
you

idioms phrasal verbs coloquial language


-

Use and
,

Example :

topic -

specific vocabulary
relevant details

engaging interesting vocabulary

Recommendations
·

Conclusion

Give
general impression
-

your

veredict recommendation
-

Give
your

Make objective assessment the reviewed material


-

an of

Recommend dissuade your readers from attending it


seeing
-

or

Example
*

recap what like about the film


you

recommendation

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