GST

Net GST = 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑥 − 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑥 → Net GST is to the Govt. the tax liability
𝑅 𝑅
➢ = 100 × 𝑆𝑃 − 100 × 𝐶𝑃
𝑅 1
➢ = 100 (𝑆𝑃 − 𝐶𝑃) → CGST/SGST = 2 × 𝑡𝑎𝑥
𝑅
➢ = 100 (𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡) → 𝑇𝑎𝑥 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝐺𝑜𝑣𝑡. = 𝑇𝑎𝑥 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟
100+𝑃%.
➢ Discount = 𝑚𝑝 = 𝑐𝑝 𝑆𝑃 = ( 100
) 𝐶𝑃
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑡
➢ Discount %. = 𝑀𝑝
× 100 𝑃 + 𝑚𝑝 = 𝑠𝑝
➢ 𝐿 + 𝑆𝑃 = 𝐶𝑃
➢ 𝑀𝑃 × 𝑃% = 𝑃
100−𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐.% 100+𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 %
➢ Final price = 𝑀𝑃 [ 100
] [ 100
]

Banking
➢ Maturity value (MV) = 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑑 + 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 (𝐼)
𝑛(𝑛+1) 𝑟
➢ 𝑚𝑣 = (𝑃 × 𝑛) + (𝑃 × × )
2×12 100
𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥.𝑚𝑣
➢ Trick for 𝑛 → 𝑛 = (round off to lesser value ~ nearest + 100 s)
𝑃

Quadratic Equations
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
➢ 𝑥= 2𝑎
Nature of Roots
→ 𝐷 > 𝑂 − 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 & distinct/different
→ 𝐷 = 𝑂 − 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 & 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙
➢ Make table for word problems → 𝐷 < 𝑂 − 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦
➢ Time taken by slow – Time taken by fast = any change

Factorization
➢ For factor them, divide, For remainder them, Substitute

Proportion
➢ 𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑐 (continued proportion) * K method → ratios equal to k.
𝑎 𝑏
➢ 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 → 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 * Alternendo → 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑠 − 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 ( 𝑐 = 𝑑)
𝑁𝑟+𝑑𝑟 𝑁𝑟+𝑑𝑟
➢ Componendo − 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 → 𝑁𝑟−𝑑𝑟
= 𝑁𝑟−𝑑𝑟
➢ K method : when proportion is given
➢ Properties: when proportion is to be proved.

MATRICES
➢ Unit Matrix [Identity Matrix} → 𝐼 *𝑁 ∪ ‖ Matrix → 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
➢ [ ] [0 1 0] [ ] [0 0 0]
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
➢ For transpose, Next Rows into columns [𝑒𝑔. 𝐴+ ]
➢ Multiplication : [Link] columns of 1st matrix = [Link] rows of 2nd matrix
➢ One row × One column = one element of answer matrix
➢ Eg. 𝐴2×𝑥 × 𝐵2×1 = 𝐴𝐵2×1

Arithmetic progressions

➢ If difference of two consecutive terms is constant , It is an A.P.

➢ 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑛
➢ 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
➢ 𝑆𝑛 − 𝑆𝑛−1 = 𝑡𝑛
REFLECTIONS
𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 1 𝑌 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 1
➢ 𝑃(𝑥 , 𝑦) 𝑃 (𝑥, −4) ∗ 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑃 (−𝑥, 𝑦)
→ →
𝑅𝑒𝑓. 𝑅𝑒𝑓.
➢ 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) → 𝑃1 (−𝑥 + 2𝑎, 𝑦) ∗ 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑌) → 𝑃1 (𝑥, −𝑦 + 2𝑏)
𝑥=𝑎 𝑦=𝑏
→
➢ 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛 𝑃(−𝑥, −𝑦)
➢ If 𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 is 0 then point is invariant. (that coordinate)
➢ 5 – pentagon : 6 − hexagon : 7 −heptagon ; 8 – octagon : 9- nonagon ; 10 – decagon
➢ Abscissa = 𝑥 coordinate
➢ Ordinate = 𝑦 co ordinate

SECTION FORMULA
𝑀1 𝑋2 +𝑀2 𝑋2 𝑀1 𝑌2 +𝑀2 𝑌2
➢ 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) ( , ) → 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎
𝑀1 +𝑀2 𝑀1 +𝑀2
➢ Trisected : ratio = 1: 2 𝑜𝑟 2: 1
𝑥 +𝑥 −𝑦 +𝑦
➢ (𝑝(𝑥 , 𝑦) = ( 12 2 , 12 2 ) → 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑡. 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎
➢ 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥 , 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑡. 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑥1 +𝑥2 +𝑥3 𝑦1 +𝑦2 +𝑦3
➢ (𝑥 , 𝑦) = ( , ) → 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎
3 3
➢ Centroid divides median the ratio 2: 1
➢ Intersected by 𝑥 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 → (𝑥, 0) * Intersected by 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 → (0. 4)
➢ Intersected by 𝑥 = 2 → (2, 4) ∗ 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑦 = −3 → (𝑥, −3)

EQUATION OF A LINE
𝑦2 −𝑦1
➢ Slop = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ; 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝑚 ; 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝑥2− 𝑥1
➢ 𝑦= 𝑥+ m 𝑦 − 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡
m
➢ If more than two lines intersect each other, then they are concurrent
➢ Intersection point → Solve equations simultaneity
➢ 𝐿1 ‖𝐿2 → 𝑚1 = 𝑚2 * 𝐿1 ⟘𝐿2 → 𝑚1 𝑚2 = −1
➢ 𝑦 = 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 → 𝑝𝑡 = (𝑜, 4)
➢ 𝑥 = 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 → 𝑝𝑡. = (x, o) → 𝑖𝑓 𝐴 − 𝐵 − 𝐶 (𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟)
➢ 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑒 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 → 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑚(𝐴𝐵) = 𝑚(𝐵𝐶) = 𝑀(𝐴𝐶)
𝑦−𝑦1
➢ Slope − 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 → 𝑥−𝑥 = 𝑚
1
 Similarity
➢ Corresponding ∠’s are equal ; corresponding sides are in proportion similar ∆′𝑠
➢ SSS postulate ; SAS postulate ; AA postulate
𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
➢ If ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 & ∆𝐸𝐹𝐺 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟 , 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝐸𝐹 = 𝐹𝐺 = 𝐸𝐺
➢ Two shapes ; Pompo and Dampoo
𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝑄
➢ Basic proportionality theorem → 𝑃𝐵 = 𝑄𝐶

Constructions
➢ For incircle angle bisector * for circumcircle , perpendicular bisector
➢ Drawing rough diagram is compulsory towards the right
➢ Matric GE 4 arrows , ⟘’s and name all lines & points
➢ If frequencies are multiplied by a common no. th𝜋en new mean = 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛.
➢ If class marks are multiplied by a common no. then new mean will also change .

Circles
➢ Angle at the centre is twice angle at the circumference, by the some arc
➢ Angle by the same are at the circumference are equal
➢ Angle in a semicircle is a right angle.
➢ Opposite angle of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary
➢ Exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to its interior opposite angle
➢ IF chord & tangent intersect externally, then 𝑃𝑡 2 = 𝑃𝐴 × 𝑃𝐵
➢ Radius is perpendicular to tangent
➢ Two tangent segments from an exterior point are equal
➢ Equal tangents are equally inclines
➢ When chords intersect, 𝑃𝐴 × 𝑃𝐵 = 𝑃𝐶 × 𝑃𝐷
➢ Angle in alternate segment :
➢ ∠ between chord and tangent = ∠ subtended by the same chord

Measures of central tendency

➢ Mean of ungrouped data = Sum of observation / no .of observations
∈𝑓𝑥 ∈𝑓𝑑
➢ Direct method : ∈𝑓
= 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 * Shortcut method : mean = 𝐴 + ∈𝑓
∈𝑓𝑢
➢ Step – deviation method : mean = 𝐴 + ∈𝑓
× ℎ * mode = highest frequency
➢ 𝑑 =𝑥−𝐴 * 𝑢 = (𝑥 − 𝐴)/ℎ
𝑛+1𝑡ℎ
➢ Median = 2
𝑜𝑏𝑠. (𝑜𝑑𝑑)
𝑛+1 𝑛𝑡ℎ
➢ 𝑄1 = 𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑏𝑠 (𝑜𝑑𝑑) 𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑏𝑠 (𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑚) ∗ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝑄3 − 𝑄1
4 4
3(𝑛+1) 3𝑛
➢ 𝑄3 = 4
𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑏𝑠 (𝑜𝑑𝑑) 𝑜𝑟 4 th obs (even)
𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑛𝑡ℎ 3𝑛
➢ For ogive, median= 2 obs. ; 𝑄1 = 4 𝑜𝑏𝑠.; 𝑄3 = 4
𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑏𝑠.

Mensuration
➢ 1. Sold Cylinder
➢ CSA = 2𝜋 × ℎ(𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑢𝑚 .× ℎ}
➢ TSA = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ + 2𝜋𝑟 2
➢ = 2𝜋𝑟(ℎ + 𝑟)
➢ Vol. = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ [𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 × ℎ]

2. Hollow Cylinder
➢ Thickness = 𝑅 − 𝑟
➢ A(ring) = 𝜋𝑟 2 − 𝜋𝑟 2 ⇒ 𝜋(𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 )
➢ ECSA = 2𝜋𝑅ℎ * ICSA = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ
➢ TSA = 2𝜋𝑅ℎ + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ + 2[𝜋( 𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 )]
➢ = 2𝜋(𝑅ℎ + 𝑟ℎ + (𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 )]
➢ [Link] material = 𝜋𝑅 2 ℎ − 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
➢ = 𝜋(𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 )ℎ
3. Cone
➢ 𝐿2 = 𝑟 2 + ℎ2
➢ 𝐶𝑆𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟𝐿
➢ 𝑇𝑆𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟𝐿 + 𝜋𝑟 2
➢ = 𝜋𝑟(𝐿 + 𝑟)
1
➢ Vol. = 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
1
➢ Vol. of Cone = 3 𝑣𝑜𝑙. 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑟 = 𝑟
➢ ℎ=ℎ
4. Solid Sphere

➢ TSA = 4𝜋𝑟 2
4
➢ Vol. = 3 𝜋𝑟 2

5. Hollow Sphere
➢ TSA = 4𝜋𝑅 2
4 4
➢ Vol. of material = 3 𝜋𝑅 3 − 3 𝜋𝑟 3
4
➢ = 𝜋(𝑅 3 − 𝑟 3 )
3
➢ Volume is always equal to Outer vol. – Inner vol. (for hollow)

6. Solid Hemisphere
➢ CSA = 2𝜋𝑟 2
➢ TSA = 3𝜋𝑟 2
2
➢ Vol. = 3 𝜋𝑟 3

7. Hollow Hemisphere
➢ ECSA = 2𝜋𝑅 2 ∗ 𝐼𝐶𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟 2
➢ TSA = 2𝜋𝑅 2 + 2𝜋𝑟 2 + (𝜋𝑅 2 − 𝜋𝑟 2 )
➢ = 3𝜋𝑅 2 + 𝜋𝑟 2
➢ = 𝜋(3𝑅 2 + 𝑟 2 )
2 2 2
➢ Vol. of materials 3 𝜋𝑅 3 − 3 𝜋𝑟 3 ⇒ 3 𝜋(𝑅 3 − 𝑟 3 )
 Trigonometry
➢ sin 𝜃 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 1 ∗ sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1
➢ cos 𝜃 × sec 𝜃 = 1 ∗ sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃 = 1
➢ tan 𝜃 × cot 𝜃 = 1 ∗ 𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 − cot 2 𝜃 = 1
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
➢ cos 𝜃
= tan 𝜃 sin 𝜃
= cot 𝜃
➢ (𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑎 + 𝑏62 + 2𝑎𝑏 → (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏)
2 2

➢ (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 → (𝑎 − 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 − 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 − 𝑏)

➢ 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) → 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 − 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏)
➢ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏 −ab) → (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 𝑎(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)
3 3 2 2

Working HEIGHT & DISTANCES

0 1 2 3 4
√ √ √ √ √
4 4 4 4 4
Ratio 0° 30° 45° 60° 90° → If non – standard angle comes with “cot”
then apply cot𝜃 = tan (90 − 𝜃)
𝑈𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
→ Use
𝐾𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 0 1 1 √3 1
2 √2 2
cos 𝜃 1 √3 1 1 0
2 √2 2
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 0 1 1 √3 N.D
√3
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 N.D. √3 1 1 0 Probability
√3
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 1 2 √2 2 N.D. 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
√3 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 N.D 2 √2 2 1
√3