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UK Unemployment Time Use by Gender

The document discusses two charts and a diagram. The charts show data on books borrowed from a library in 1991 and 2001 and the library membership by gender in 2010. The diagram illustrates the seven stages in the life cycle of salmon from eggs to adult fish.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
17 views5 pages

UK Unemployment Time Use by Gender

The document discusses two charts and a diagram. The charts show data on books borrowed from a library in 1991 and 2001 and the library membership by gender in 2010. The diagram illustrates the seven stages in the life cycle of salmon from eggs to adult fish.

Uploaded by

tvandinhhaven04
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Part 1: The table below shows how the UK unemployed spent their time last year.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant

The table illustrates the proportion of the unemployed population doing a particular
task last year, divided by gender in two different times of the day. The tasks range
from doing nothing, chores, leisure to job seeking.
Overall, leisure routines are the most various, which accounts for 9 of 14 total
graphed tasks, but no activity in this category sees more than 10% of the
population engaged in it. The same percentage is witnessed in the laze-around
category. A majority of unemployed men and women use a portion of their time in
the day doing chores, ranging from 7 to 49%. Job hunting is also performed by a
large proportion of people out of job, with a population from 12 to 22%. The
activity least performed by the jobless group is drinking, with only 1 to 3% of the
population reported doing so.
The activity that appears the most in a morning man’s to-do list is finding a job,
with a recorded 22% of the population, while almost half of the women spend their
morning doing housework. In the afternoon, unwaged men tend to watch TV. On
the other hand, their female counterparts mostly opt to do housework.

Part 2: Write about the following topic:


Some people argue that all experimentation on animals is bad and should be
outlawed. However, others believe that important scientific discoveries can be
made from animal experiments. Can experimentation on animals be justified?
Are there any alternatives?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge and experience.

While many hold on to the view that the use of animal experiment is a necessity to
product testing and medicine development, others are advocating for cruelty-free
solutions, believing that the benefits to humans do not justify the suffering caused.
Personally, I strongly believe that not only is it unjust, but testing on animals is
also ineffective and time-consuming compared to other more modern non-animal
testing methods.
Experimenting on animals is absolutely inhumane, as in most cases, test subjects
are forced to live in toxic environment or to bear disease, having their bodies
covered with harmful chemical substances or even being dissected without
sedation. Not only does this method put animals’ lives at peril, it sometimes proves
to be inapplicable to human organisms. What’s more, for the side effects to be
thoroughly examined, this method is time-consuming and costly.
With a view to making testing methodologies humane and more reliable, the most
forward-thinking scientists have coined a number of intricate and high-tech
practices. One of the widely-acclaimed methods is in-vitro testing. Eminent
biologists and scientists have created replicates of human cells and inner organism
in test-tubes to witness the entire reaction chain. For instance, instead of the current
exercises of forcing a mouse to inhale toxic substances until they perish,
researchers can observe how the replicated cells react with the poison. This method
is cruelty-free, applicable to humans’ body and germane to research purposes.
Another animal-free alternative is virtual simulations of the human bodies. This
process is time-effective and make the lab environment a safer space. With this
method, rather than having to drain the blood of a living horse to see the way the
chemicals work in the blood vessel, they can observe it on the screen.
In conclusion, experimenting on animals is inhumane and must be rendered illegal
worldwide. Animals are a crucial part of this planet’s ecosystem and must be
preserved with care. Scholars should not be the sole force in the fight for complete
eradication of animal cruelty, but the entire world population should also play their
part by raising awareness of this alarming issue and boycotting animal-tested
products.

Part 1: Two charts: Bar – Circle (Test 3)


The bar chart demonstrates the quantity of book borrowed from Lammertown
Public Library in 1991 and 2001, categorized by the genres of book. The pie chart
illustrates the proportion of library membership based on genders in 2010.
Overall, romance novels have the greatest number of borrowers, as evidenced by
the 1,000 copies lent in 1991 and 1,400 in 2001. In contrast to the romance books
figure, the language books remains the least popular among the 7 genres, with only
200 borrowed in 2001 and half of the number in 1991. Regarding the library
membership, in 2010, men make up for the majority of members, with only 32% of
the members are female.
Looking at the bar chart, it is noticeable that the category “self-help books”
experienced the greatest change, as the figure in 2001 rose almost 5 times in
comparison to the year 1991. The upward trend is also seen in the thriller genre,
with 200 more books being lent in 2001 than in 1991. By contrast, the number of
borrowed crime novels and children fictions in 2001 has decreased by
approximately 300 books compared to in 1991. On the other hand, record of
autobiographies borrowed out remained relatively unchanged.

Part 2: Write about the following topic:


With the increasing use and development of new technology, many machines are
now able to do the work which people used to perform
What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
experience.
Write at least 250 words.

In today’s constantly changing world of technology advancement, the issue over


whether or not the mechanized labor force will completely replace human workers
is still dividing public opinions. A tech-oriented world that relies on automation
have both great merits and serious drawbacks to be considered. Discussed below
are some of such advantages and disadvantages.
A society running on automated labor is an efficient and orderly one. Robots can
perform tasks with more accuracy and without resting. Unlike human workers,
robots do not have social anxiety or physical weariness, so the task can proceed
with much higher pace. The manufacturing facilities equipped with automatic
supply chain are working with ten-fold productivity compared to a human-run
factory. Moreover, these employees never have personal issues, emotional
outburst, workplace bullying or any dissatisfaction with their benefits and salaries,
thus the upper authority never have to concern themselves with complaints or
union strikes. Another upside of the self-regulating staff is that they can free
humans from dangerous and tedious tasks. The robotic rescue team can rush into
the disaster zone or a blazing house fire without risking any life. Machines taking
photographs and sending information of topographic features of a planet that no
humans can set foot on is another great example. Humans are also free from mind-
numbing, pedestrian jobs in factories, agriculture and other sectors with the lending
hand of tireless pre-programmed systems such as the self-activating sprinklers,
mechanical cranes, etc.
However, the formidable computerized workforce also mean that human workers
are at serious disadvantages in the already intensive labor market. Automation
have driven a large number of people to unemployment every year, from the
manufacturing industry to the knowledge-based jobs. Many hotels in Japan have
employed unmanned service to increase productivity and visitor attraction.
Another downside is that while some employers are being enticed to mechanize
their field, some jobs require human involvement. Elderly people refuse to be
looked after by emotionless electronic caretakers in retirement home.
Computerized counsellor cannot beat human when it comes to healing mental
wellbeing. Robotic teachers cannot inspire and provide emotional support to
students. Therefore, I have a firm belief that robots can never entirely replace
human.
In conclusion, the world will surely become a better place with the presence of
helpful automated laborers, but humans will still play a very significant part in the
job world. Lines need to be drawn, and the benefits and disadvantages must be
carefully examined in order to create a world where human and robot can coexist
harmoniously.
Part 1: Diagram
The diagram illustrates the phases in the life of a salmon. Overall, there are seven
stages in the life cycle of a salmon from eggs to adult fish.
Initially, the salmon eggs are hatched in fresh water and remain there for about 3
months. After this, they developed into alevins, which live off of yolk sac and
continue in that form for several weeks. After 5 to 10 weeks, they transform into a
fry and can start swimming. The fry then start to have “finger” markings after
months, indicating that they have reach the parr stage. Only until the “smolt”
phase, which is when the salmon are one to three years old, do the salmons form a
group and start their journey to the ocean. During their life at sea, typically eight
years in maximum, the salmon fully mature and began creating more life. The
spawning adults will be decrepit after laying eggs and decease in the following 2
weeks. Consequentially, the cycle restart with the newly spawned fish eggs.

Common questions

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Animal testing is often justified on the grounds of providing essential insights for product testing and medicine development, yet it faces criticism for being inhumane and often ineffective for human applications . Alternatives like in-vitro testing and virtual simulations are cruelty-free, more applicable to human physiology, and reduce research time and costs compared to traditional animal testing . These alternatives provide substantial justification owing to their humane nature and improved relevance to human health outcomes, challenging the traditional reliance on animal experimentation .

In-vitro testing offers a cruelty-free and more accurate simulation of human physiology, which often provides more relevant data for human applications compared to animal testing . It eliminates ethical concerns associated with animal suffering and reduces the time and cost of research . Conversely, traditional animal testing is perceived as critical for understanding complex biological processes in whole organisms, but it often faces reduced applicability to human conditions and increasing ethical opposition . Balancing these advantages and disadvantages requires careful consideration of ethical standards and scientific validity .

Unemployed men primarily engage in job hunting in the morning, with 22% of them involved, whereas nearly half of the unemployed women spend their morning doing housework . In the afternoon, unemployed men tend to watch TV while women continue to engage in housework. This indicates a clear gender difference in the division of activities, with men focusing more on job-seeking and leisure, and women on domestic chores .

Between 1991 and 2001, romance novels experienced an increase in borrower numbers, with 1,000 copies lent in 1991 and 1,400 in 2001 . Self-help books saw the most significant rise, increasing nearly five times, while the borrowing of crime novels and children's fictions decreased by approximately 300 books during the same period . These trends could be attributed to changing societal interests, increased self-improvement consciousness, and shifts in reading preferences .

Automation in rescue operations enhances safety by deploying machines in hazardous environments, minimizing risks to human rescuers and allowing for quicker response times . This capability improves emergency management by reliably handling dangerous scenarios like fires or natural disasters without endangering lives . However, reliance on technology may reduce employment opportunities in rescue services and require new skill sets for overseeing and maintaining these systems . Thus, while revolutionizing safety protocols, automation necessitates strategic workforce adaptation to integrate human oversight effectively .

Environmental conditions play a crucial role in salmon development, affecting their survival and migratory efficiency at each stage . For instance, freshwater conditions are vital for egg incubation and the initial development of alevins, while the transition to saltwater environments as smolts necessitates adaptations for osmoregulation . Adverse conditions, like unsuitable water temperatures or pollution, can disrupt these stages, impacting overall survival and breeding success . Thus, environmental integrity is essential for maintaining salmon population dynamics and ecological roles .

Technological advancements have drastically altered the labor market by replacing manual labor with automated systems, leading to greater efficiency, higher productivity, and the ability to perform dangerous tasks without risking human life . Nonetheless, this shift has also resulted in job displacement, increasing unemployment, and situations where machine performance lacks the human touch essential in caregiving and education . While robots enhance productivity and safety, they also require a balance to ensure human employment is not adversely affected .

The salmon life cycle begins with eggs hatching in freshwater, where they remain for about three months before developing into alevins . Post-alevin stage, they become fry, which then develop 'finger' markings, transitioning to the parr stage . When salmon reach the 'smolt' phase, typically aged one to three years, they move to the ocean . There, they mature for up to eight years until they are ready to spawn, after which they die . This cycle details the transformation and migratory patterns characteristic of salmon development .

The increase in self-help book borrowing at Lammertown Public Library reflects a societal shift towards personal development and psychological awareness from 1991 to 2001, whereas the decline in crime novels and children's fictions might indicate changing entertainment preferences or the impact of digital media . This shift could be influenced by the increasing stress of modern living, encouraging individuals to seek resources for self-improvement and mindfulness over traditional leisure reading .

In 2010, men comprised the majority of library members, with only 32% being female . This gender disparity could be influenced by cultural factors that either encourage or discourage library use among different genders, possibly reflecting broader social dynamics or access to alternative information sources such as digital media, which might appeal differently across genders . These dynamics highlight cultural and functional factors affecting library usage preferences .

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