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Fishery Module Chapter 6
Corporate Agriculture (Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University)
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INTRODUCTION TO
AGRI- FISHERY
ARTS II
(STLE 108)
module II
FISHERY
arts
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CHAPTER 6
Basic Concept of Fishery
take the challenge!
At the end of this chapter, the students are
expected to:
Lesson 1: Recognize Fishery and Its Importance
Lesson 2: Discuss the History of Fishery
Lesson 3: Distinguish the Branches of
Fishery
Lesson 4: Identify the Morphology of Fish
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
Fishery (plural: fisheries) - is an organized effort by humans to catch fish
or other aquatic species, an activity known as fishing.
Tianyuan Man – are the remains of one of the earliest modern human
to inhabit East Asia
Fish Culture – the human effort of raising the maximum productivity of
fish and other fishery aquatic products and maintaining the supply of these
products to satisfy human needs
Fish Capture – branch of fishery science deals with the scientific method of
catching fish as well and the type of fishing gear used
Fish Preservation – branch of fishery science that deals with the scientific
method of preserving fish and other fishery aquatic products to
prevent spoilage
LESSON 1:
DEFINITION OF FISHERY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
What is FISHERY?
As the time goes by, different centuries and generation are past.
The original term of fish were interpret by various early people. The
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term has a different version to another set of people. From the Proto-
Indo-European(4500
BC to 2500 BC) it is used as peysk/pisk. It was used for numbered
centuries, then, the term was again change because of the
passing of generation to generation and another generation. The
term in the language of Proto-Germanic (500 BC) was fiskaz. The term
in West Frisian was fisk, in Dutch was vis, in Danish and Norwegian was
fisk, in German was fisch. Old English adopted it and later it was
coined as fisc. Today, the contemporary English now term it as fish. In
our Philipinelocal term is isda.
Fish is approximately 34,000 species of vertebrate scaly-skinned
animal, which swims and found in the fresh and salt waters of the
world. It breathes
under the water because of their gills, absorbing the oxygen from the
water to suffice the needs of body to live. Fish is a vertebrate being
because they have a skeleton with a spine. Just like mammals, birds,
reptiles and amphibians, fish have a skeleton made from bone. But rays
and sharks have a skeleton made of a rubbery, softer substance called
cartilage. A fish wiggle its tail to swim through water. Their fins
function as the steer and support their body to stay upright. Fins are
covered in skin without scale. Bony rays supported the fins to maintain
the structure and functionality of fins. A fish has an armored body by
scales to protect from the parasites and other injuries. Scales also
gives the fish a reflectors and coloration to hide and camouflage
themselves from the predators’ sight.
Fishery (plural: fisheries) is an organized effort by humans to
catch fish or other aquatic species, an activity known as fishing
including the processing and marketing as well as protecting and
conserving fish and other fishery product for sustainable use.
VALUE OF fishery
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Fishery has a vital role in the life and progress of an economy. It
does provide food which is the basic needs of mankind, yet not only
sustain food and raw material but also employment opportunities to a
vast number of the population in country. It can be a source of
livelihood which can lead to
contribute to micro and macro community; supplying, sustaining food and
fodder that are the basic necessities of human to live, promoting the
diplomatic relationship facilitated by trading system in local, national and
international, marketable surplus products, protect our environment and
natural resources, another source of savings of the entire national
budget and basis of the economic development of a country.
Without fishery, the economy will be at high risk to food security that may
be resulted into serious national problems. The above mentioned
statements may occur obverse and the opposite of those things may happen.
IMPORTANCE OF FISHERY
Direction: Based from what your own views, answer the following questions
1. What is the definition of Fishery?
2. What is the value of Fishery?
3. Does our archipelagic nation in fishery sector can suffice the
needs of the people in our country? Explain why or why not.
4. In what ways you can promote the Fishery industry to
your barangay? Justify.
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LESSON 2: BRIEF HISTORY OF FISHERY
Regular eating of freshwater fish was evident in 42,000 and
39,000 years ago by the Taiyuan man. Hunter-gatherer lifestyle was the
mostly work of the people. So, they move a lot because they seek their
food. The only permanent settlement is the cave and/or shell midden.
Discarded fish bone and carved painting in the caves was supported
the evidence that fishing was occurring in the early ages. Based from
the arts was observed, they hunt fish at the salt and freshwater. One of
the examples is from the Southern France, the cave art is 16,000 years
old. It represents the marine animals and spearfishing with barbed
poles also known as harpoons. Main fishing methods appearing in the
Neolithic times between 8,000 and 4,000 years ago. One of the early
fishing hooks was gorge hook used by Native Americans of the
California coast between 7,500 to 3,000 year ago. Some other tribes
used plant toxins to numb fish and fish it out easily. Harappans (people
that lived during the Bronze Age at the place of today’s
archaeological site in Punjab, Eastern Pakistan,) used one of the first
bronze harpoons.
Ancient Egypt was famously known as the sea-side settlers and
heavily dependent to the fishing. Method of fishing used on the Nile
River was shown at their artworks which are at the wall tomb, on
drawing and papyrus documents. Ancient Egyptian fished in small reed
ships Nile perch, catfish and eels, and used woven nets, weir baskets,
harpoons, and hook and line to catch them. The first metal barbed fish
hooks appeared during the 12th dynasty.
Ancient Greeks considered fisherman of very low status so that
they depicted them in art. Despite of this, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston,
has a Greek wine cup from 500 BC that shows a boy that crouches on a
rock and has a fishing rod in his hand and a fish trap in water below
him. Basically – all civilizations that lived near the water have
developed some forms of fishing and relied on fish as a part of their
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diet to some extent.
It is not known when commercial fishing started but was
characteristic for it was that is used types of fishing which allowed for
a larger catch. To do that, fishermen used gillnets which existed from
ancient times. Thy were used in Middle East, North America and other
places and are still used in pacific Northwest, Canada and Alaska. Early
fishermen used nets close to the coast but with improvements in
navigation and communication devices, mobility of fishing vessels
increased largely and they started conquering the oceans. Beside fish,
catch of commercial fishermen are sea cucumbers (so called
“trepanning”) for markets of Southern China and the rest of Southeast
Asia.
Except primarily for food, fishing is used as recreational activity.
The first mention of recreational fishing dates from 15th century and it
comes from essay “Treatise of Fysshyngewyth an Angle” by dame
Juliana Berners, the prioress of the Benedictine Sopwell Nunnery. This
type of fishing became popular during the 16th and 17th centuries and
it was performed on rivers and lakes. When the first motorboats
appeared in 19th century
, big-game fishing started to be popular.
[Link] Frederick Holder, a marine biologist and early
conservationist is considered an inventor of this branch of fishing.
Fishing is still today popular as a sport and as part of economy of
some country. Fishery is the business of catching, handling, taking,
marketing, and preserving of the fish and other fishery products.
Summative Assessment
Direction: Based from your learning about the lesson, answer
the following questions briefly.
1. Discuss the history of fishery way back from the ancient
origins until the contemporary times. Emphasize the
innovations that are made.
2. Why is it important to know and understand the history of
fishery?
Explain your answer.
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3. How can you appreciate the history of fishery?
LESSON 3: BRANCHES OF FISHERY
BRANCHES OF FISHERY
There are 3 branches of fishery and they are follows:
1. Fish Culture – the human effort of raising the maximum
productivity of fish and other fishery aquatic products and
maintaining the supply of these products to satisfy human needs.
2. Fish Capture – branch of fishery science deals with the
scientific method of catching fish as well and the type of fishing
gear used.
3. Fish Preservation – branch of fishery science that deals with the
scientific method of preserving fish and other fishery aquatic
products to prevent spoilage.
BRANCHES OF FISHERY ARTS OVERVIEW
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Fish Culture
Fish culture is an art and science of raising, rearing and
propagating of fish and other aquatic products under controlled or
semi-controlled environment. It is primarily practice for the support
and sustenance to human needs for consumption.
Fish culture under controlled condition is one undertaken in
an aquarium, tank, hapa, fish cage, pen or pond.
Fish culture has three major phases: fish propagation, fish
cultivation and fish conservation.
Fish Propagation is defined as the natural or artificial method of
promoting or enhancing reproduction and survival of fish and other
aquatic products. It includes keeping, maintaining and spawning
breeders in tanks or ponds, hatching the eggs in hatchery facilities,
and nursing the delicate larvae up to size suitable for stocking in the
grow-our or rearing areas.
Natural Method
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Artificial Method
Fish Cultivation simply means the rearing of fish and other
aquatic products from very young stage like fry and fingerlings, to
marketable size. It is done in fresh, brackish and marine waters in any
of the rearing contraptions or structures. The other types of sub-
classification based on the techniques applied and financial
investments, namely: extensive, semi-intensive and intensive.
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Extensive Fish Farming
The fish feed entirely from the food web within the pond,
which may be enhanced by the addition of the fertilizer or
manure.
Semi-Intensive Fish Farming
The fish still obtain significant nutrition from the food
web within their pond, but they are also given supplementary
feed.
Intensive Fish Farming
The fish are kept at too high a stocking density to
obtain significant amount of feed from their environment.
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Fish Conservation is the public control and various maintenances
of the various fisheries where fish and other fishery products are
deprived. It work should be designed to insure maximum sustainable
yield of fish. For instance, the continuous use of fishpond without
proper maintenance, like applying fertilizer, lowers the productivity
of the soil. It lessens the capacity of fish to reproduce.
Fish Capture
Fish Capture is a rule or principle of capturing or operating
methods of fish and carried out distinct means with some regularity. It
includes the fishing gears, technologies and equipment’s for systematic
capturing.
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Fish Preservation
It is any operation that can prevent or inhibit the natural process
of breakdown or decomposition taking place in the fish. It is
known as fish processing.
Summative Assessment
Direction: Answer the following questions.
1. What are the three (3) branches of Fishery? Explain each.
2. What are the different types of fish cultivation? Explain each.
3. What are the different types of sub-classification based on
the techniques applied and financial investments? Explain each.
4. Why is it important to know and understand the importance of
fishery branches?
5. If you were given a capital to build or establish your own
fishery business, in specifically what branch of fishery do you
prefer? Explain your answer and share/present it to the class.
LESSON 4: MORPHOLOGY OF COMMON FISH – ITS PARTS AND
FUNCTIONS
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External Parts of the Fish and Their Functions
1. Operculum/gill cover - part of the fish that
covers the gills
2. Scales - part of the fish that
cover the body
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3. Lateral lines - lines along the body of the fish
used to help the fish adapt itself
to its new environment
4. Fins - part of the fish that used for
swimming, balancing and
propelling in water
5. Eyes - part of the fish that used for
seeing
6. Mouth - part of the fish that used for
swallowing objects, particularly
food
part of the fish that serves as an
7. Anus
excretory organ of the fish
where the waste matter coming
from the body of fish passes out
8. Caudal Peduncle - part of the fish that connect the
body and the tail
9. Nostril - part of the fish that used for
smelling
10. Vent - the opening between the
anus and the anal fin where the
fish will excrete either eggs or
sperm. Also known as genital
papilla
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Internal Parts of Fish and their Functions
1. Spine - the primary structural
framework upon which the fish’s
body is built. It connects to the
skull at the front of the fish and
the tail at the rear. The spine
is made up of
numerous vertebrae, which are
hollow and which protect the
delicate spinal cord
- the part that connects the brain to
2. Spinal cord
the rest of the body and relays
sensory information from the
body to the brain, as well as
instruction from the brain to the
rest of the body
3. Brain - the control center of the fish
where both automatic functions
and higher behaviors occur. All
sensory information is processed
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here
4. Lateral line - one of the fish’s
primary sense organs. It
detects underwater vibration
and is capable
of determining the direction of
their source
5. Swim or Air Bladder - a hollow, gas-filled
balance organ that allows a fish
to conserve energy by
maintaining neutral buoyancy in
water
6. Kidney - filters liquid waste
materials from the blood. These
waste are then passed out the
body
7. Stomach and intestines - break down food and
absorb nutrients
8. Pyloric caeca - finger like projection
located near the functions of the
stomach and the Intestine. It
known to secrete enzymes that
aid digestion. It may
also function to absorb digested
food or do both
9. Liver - it assists digestion by
secreting enzymes that break
down fats, and also serves as
storage area for fats and
carbohydrates.
10. Heart - circulates blood throughout
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the body
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11. Muscle - provide movement and
locomotion.
These are parts of the fish that
are usually eaten. They compose
the fillet of the fish
12. Gonad - hormone-secreting sexual
gland of a fish.
Fish Scales Tell the Age of a Fish
Look at the image of the fish scale. Like a tree, scales show
rings that indicate periods of growth. Rings that are farther apart
occur when the fish grows well and there is a lot of food in the
summer season. Rings that are close together occur when the fish does
not get much food and grows slowly. On the scale you can identify the
summer growth and the winter growth. (There will be several rings in
each).
The core represents the fish when it was first born, as a fry.
The rings near the edge are the most recent periods of growth.
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Types of Fish Scales
Placoid - It resembles a miniature tooth called denticles. Ex.
shark scales
Cycloid - It is oval or circular in outline and has a smooth and
exposed rear edge.
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Ctenoid – It is scales that have a rear edges made of small
brush-like spines or comb liked teeth. Ex. Scales of perch, pongies and
bass
Ganoid – It is a four- sided plate that fits closely against
adjacent plates without overlapping.
Parts of Gills
Diagrammic Representation of Two Forms of Fish Gills
1. Gills Filaments - used for exchange of gases
such as
oxygen and carbon dioxide
2. Gills Arch - used for support and passing
for
blood to and the gill filaments
3. Gill Rakers - used for straining food from the
water
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Activity
Direction: Do the instructions properly.
1. Collect samples of fish and identify the external and internal parts.
2. Research on the morphology of fishes, evolution of fishes, some
fish culture facilities in the country, classification,
construction and operation of common fishing used in the
Philippines.
3. Watch a video presentation about the morphology of fish.
4. Bring some fish samples to be dissected and identified.
Assessment:
The work of the students will be evaluated by your teacher
using the given criteria. The students must have at least attained 75
percent to pass.
1. Accuracy 70%
2. Presentation 20%
3. Neatness 10 %
DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE
UNIVERSITY South La Union Campus
Agoo, La Union
COLLEGE OF
EDUCATION
INTRODUCTION TO
AGRI- FISHERY
ARTS II
(STLE 108)
module II
FISHERY
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arts
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CHAPTER 6
Basic Concept of Fishery
take the challenge!
At the end of this chapter, the students are
expected to:
Lesson 1: Recognize Fishery and Its Importance
Lesson 2: Discuss the History of Fishery
Lesson 3: Distinguish the Branches of
Fishery
Lesson 4: Identify the Morphology of Fish
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
Fishery (plural: fisheries) - is an organized effort by humans to catch fish
or other aquatic species, an activity known as fishing.
Tianyuan Man – are the remains of one of the earliest modern human
to inhabit East Asia
Fish Culture – the human effort of raising the maximum productivity of
fish and other fishery aquatic products and maintaining the supply of these
products to satisfy human needs
Fish Capture – branch of fishery science deals with the scientific method of
catching fish as well and the type of fishing gear used
Fish Preservation – branch of fishery science that deals with the scientific
method of preserving fish and other fishery aquatic products to
prevent spoilage
LESSON 1:
DEFINITION OF FISHERY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
What is FISHERY?
As the time goes by, different centuries and generation are past.
The original term of fish were interpret by various early people. The
Downloaded by ROSARIO ANTONIETE CABILIN (rcabilin@[Link])
lOMoARcPSD|40714303
term has a different version to another set of people. From the Proto-
Indo-European(4500
BC to 2500 BC) it is used as peysk/pisk. It was used for numbered
centuries, then, the term was again change because of the
passing of generation to generation and another generation. The
term in the language of Proto-Germanic (500 BC) was fiskaz. The term
in West Frisian was fisk, in Dutch was vis, in Danish and Norwegian was
fisk, in German was fisch. Old English adopted it and later it was
coined as fisc. Today, the contemporary English now term it as fish. In
our Philipinelocal term is isda.
Fish is approximately 34,000 species of vertebrate scaly-skinned
animal, which swims and found in the fresh and salt waters of the
world. It breathes
under the water because of their gills, absorbing the oxygen from the
water to suffice the needs of body to live. Fish is a vertebrate being
because they have a skeleton with a spine. Just like mammals, birds,
reptiles and amphibians, fish have a skeleton made from bone. But rays
and sharks have a skeleton made of a rubbery, softer substance called
cartilage. A fish wiggle its tail to swim through water. Their fins
function as the steer and support their body to stay upright. Fins are
covered in skin without scale. Bony rays supported the fins to maintain
the structure and functionality of fins. A fish has an armored body by
scales to protect from the parasites and other injuries. Scales also
gives the fish a reflectors and coloration to hide and camouflage
themselves from the predators’ sight.
Fishery (plural: fisheries) is an organized effort by humans to
catch fish or other aquatic species, an activity known as fishing
including the processing and marketing as well as protecting and
conserving fish and other fishery product for sustainable use.
VALUE OF fishery
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Fishery has a vital role in the life and progress of an economy. It
does provide food which is the basic needs of mankind, yet not only
sustain food and raw material but also employment opportunities to a
vast number of the population in country. It can be a source of
livelihood which can lead to
contribute to micro and macro community; supplying, sustaining food and
fodder that are the basic necessities of human to live, promoting the
diplomatic relationship facilitated by trading system in local, national and
international, marketable surplus products, protect our environment and
natural resources, another source of savings of the entire national
budget and basis of the economic development of a country.
Without fishery, the economy will be at high risk to food security that may
be resulted into serious national problems. The above mentioned
statements may occur obverse and the opposite of those things may happen.
IMPORTANCE OF FISHERY
Direction: Based from what your own views, answer the following questions
1. What is the definition of Fishery?
2. What is the value of Fishery?
3. Does our archipelagic nation in fishery sector can suffice the
needs of the people in our country? Explain why or why not.
4. In what ways you can promote the Fishery industry to
your barangay? Justify.
Downloaded by ROSARIO ANTONIETE CABILIN (rcabilin@[Link])
lOMoARcPSD|40714303
LESSON 2: BRIEF HISTORY OF FISHERY
Regular eating of freshwater fish was evident in 42,000 and
39,000 years ago by the Taiyuan man. Hunter-gatherer lifestyle was the
mostly work of the people. So, they move a lot because they seek their
food. The only permanent settlement is the cave and/or shell midden.
Discarded fish bone and carved painting in the caves was supported
the evidence that fishing was occurring in the early ages. Based from
the arts was observed, they hunt fish at the salt and freshwater. One of
the examples is from the Southern France, the cave art is 16,000 years
old. It represents the marine animals and spearfishing with barbed
poles also known as harpoons. Main fishing methods appearing in the
Neolithic times between 8,000 and 4,000 years ago. One of the early
fishing hooks was gorge hook used by Native Americans of the
California coast between 7,500 to 3,000 year ago. Some other tribes
used plant toxins to numb fish and fish it out easily. Harappans (people
that lived during the Bronze Age at the place of today’s
archaeological site in Punjab, Eastern Pakistan,) used one of the first
bronze harpoons.
Ancient Egypt was famously known as the sea-side settlers and
heavily dependent to the fishing. Method of fishing used on the Nile
River was shown at their artworks which are at the wall tomb, on
drawing and papyrus documents. Ancient Egyptian fished in small reed
ships Nile perch, catfish and eels, and used woven nets, weir baskets,
harpoons, and hook and line to catch them. The first metal barbed fish
hooks appeared during the 12th dynasty.
Ancient Greeks considered fisherman of very low status so that
they depicted them in art. Despite of this, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston,
has a Greek wine cup from 500 BC that shows a boy that crouches on a
rock and has a fishing rod in his hand and a fish trap in water below
him. Basically – all civilizations that lived near the water have
developed some forms of fishing and relied on fish as a part of their
Downloaded by ROSARIO ANTONIETE CABILIN (rcabilin@[Link])
lOMoARcPSD|40714303
diet to some extent.
It is not known when commercial fishing started but was
characteristic for it was that is used types of fishing which allowed for
a larger catch. To do that, fishermen used gillnets which existed from
ancient times. Thy were used in Middle East, North America and other
places and are still used in pacific Northwest, Canada and Alaska. Early
fishermen used nets close to the coast but with improvements in
navigation and communication devices, mobility of fishing vessels
increased largely and they started conquering the oceans. Beside fish,
catch of commercial fishermen are sea cucumbers (so called
“trepanning”) for markets of Southern China and the rest of Southeast
Asia.
Except primarily for food, fishing is used as recreational activity.
The first mention of recreational fishing dates from 15th century and it
comes from essay “Treatise of Fysshyngewyth an Angle” by dame
Juliana Berners, the prioress of the Benedictine Sopwell Nunnery. This
type of fishing became popular during the 16th and 17th centuries and
it was performed on rivers and lakes. When the first motorboats
appeared in 19th century
, big-game fishing started to be popular.
[Link] Frederick Holder, a marine biologist and early
conservationist is considered an inventor of this branch of fishing.
Fishing is still today popular as a sport and as part of economy of
some country. Fishery is the business of catching, handling, taking,
marketing, and preserving of the fish and other fishery products.
Summative Assessment
Direction: Based from your learning about the lesson, answer
the following questions briefly.
1. Discuss the history of fishery way back from the ancient
origins until the contemporary times. Emphasize the
innovations that are made.
2. Why is it important to know and understand the history of
fishery?
Explain your answer.
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3. How can you appreciate the history of fishery?
LESSON 3: BRANCHES OF FISHERY
BRANCHES OF FISHERY
There are 3 branches of fishery and they are follows:
1. Fish Culture – the human effort of raising the maximum
productivity of fish and other fishery aquatic products and
maintaining the supply of these products to satisfy human needs.
2. Fish Capture – branch of fishery science deals with the
scientific method of catching fish as well and the type of fishing
gear used.
3. Fish Preservation – branch of fishery science that deals with the
scientific method of preserving fish and other fishery aquatic
products to prevent spoilage.
BRANCHES OF FISHERY ARTS OVERVIEW
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Fish Culture
Fish culture is an art and science of raising, rearing and
propagating of fish and other aquatic products under controlled or
semi-controlled environment. It is primarily practice for the support
and sustenance to human needs for consumption.
Fish culture under controlled condition is one undertaken in
an aquarium, tank, hapa, fish cage, pen or pond.
Fish culture has three major phases: fish propagation, fish
cultivation and fish conservation.
Fish Propagation is defined as the natural or artificial method of
promoting or enhancing reproduction and survival of fish and other
aquatic products. It includes keeping, maintaining and spawning
breeders in tanks or ponds, hatching the eggs in hatchery facilities,
and nursing the delicate larvae up to size suitable for stocking in the
grow-our or rearing areas.
Natural Method
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lOMoARcPSD|40714303
Artificial Method
Fish Cultivation simply means the rearing of fish and other
aquatic products from very young stage like fry and fingerlings, to
marketable size. It is done in fresh, brackish and marine waters in any
of the rearing contraptions or structures. The other types of sub-
classification based on the techniques applied and financial
investments, namely: extensive, semi-intensive and intensive.
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Extensive Fish Farming
The fish feed entirely from the food web within the pond,
which may be enhanced by the addition of the fertilizer or
manure.
Semi-Intensive Fish Farming
The fish still obtain significant nutrition from the food
web within their pond, but they are also given supplementary
feed.
Intensive Fish Farming
The fish are kept at too high a stocking density to
obtain significant amount of feed from their environment.
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Fish Conservation is the public control and various maintenances
of the various fisheries where fish and other fishery products are
deprived. It work should be designed to insure maximum sustainable
yield of fish. For instance, the continuous use of fishpond without
proper maintenance, like applying fertilizer, lowers the productivity
of the soil. It lessens the capacity of fish to reproduce.
Fish Capture
Fish Capture is a rule or principle of capturing or operating
methods of fish and carried out distinct means with some regularity. It
includes the fishing gears, technologies and equipment’s for systematic
capturing.
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Fish Preservation
It is any operation that can prevent or inhibit the natural process
of breakdown or decomposition taking place in the fish. It is
known as fish processing.
Summative Assessment
Direction: Answer the following questions.
1. What are the three (3) branches of Fishery? Explain each.
2. What are the different types of fish cultivation? Explain each.
3. What are the different types of sub-classification based on
the techniques applied and financial investments? Explain each.
4. Why is it important to know and understand the importance of
fishery branches?
5. If you were given a capital to build or establish your own
fishery business, in specifically what branch of fishery do you
prefer? Explain your answer and share/present it to the class.
LESSON 4: MORPHOLOGY OF COMMON FISH – ITS PARTS AND
FUNCTIONS
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External Parts of the Fish and Their Functions
1. Operculum/gill cover - part of the fish that
covers the gills
2. Scales - part of the fish that
cover the body
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3. Lateral lines - lines along the body of the fish
used to help the fish adapt itself
to its new environment
4. Fins - part of the fish that used for
swimming, balancing and
propelling in water
5. Eyes - part of the fish that used for
seeing
6. Mouth - part of the fish that used for
swallowing objects, particularly
food
part of the fish that serves as an
7. Anus
excretory organ of the fish
where the waste matter coming
from the body of fish passes out
8. Caudal Peduncle - part of the fish that connect the
body and the tail
9. Nostril - part of the fish that used for
smelling
10. Vent - the opening between the
anus and the anal fin where the
fish will excrete either eggs or
sperm. Also known as genital
papilla
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Internal Parts of Fish and their Functions
1. Spine - the primary structural
framework upon which the fish’s
body is built. It connects to the
skull at the front of the fish and
the tail at the rear. The spine
is made up of
numerous vertebrae, which are
hollow and which protect the
delicate spinal cord
- the part that connects the brain to
2. Spinal cord
the rest of the body and relays
sensory information from the
body to the brain, as well as
instruction from the brain to the
rest of the body
3. Brain - the control center of the fish
where both automatic functions
and higher behaviors occur. All
sensory information is processed
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here
4. Lateral line - one of the fish’s
primary sense organs. It
detects underwater vibration
and is capable
of determining the direction of
their source
5. Swim or Air Bladder - a hollow, gas-filled
balance organ that allows a fish
to conserve energy by
maintaining neutral buoyancy in
water
6. Kidney - filters liquid waste
materials from the blood. These
waste are then passed out the
body
7. Stomach and intestines - break down food and
absorb nutrients
8. Pyloric caeca - finger like projection
located near the functions of the
stomach and the Intestine. It
known to secrete enzymes that
aid digestion. It may
also function to absorb digested
food or do both
9. Liver - it assists digestion by
secreting enzymes that break
down fats, and also serves as
storage area for fats and
carbohydrates.
10. Heart - circulates blood throughout
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the body
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11. Muscle - provide movement and
locomotion.
These are parts of the fish that
are usually eaten. They compose
the fillet of the fish
12. Gonad - hormone-secreting sexual
gland of a fish.
Fish Scales Tell the Age of a Fish
Look at the image of the fish scale. Like a tree, scales show
rings that indicate periods of growth. Rings that are farther apart
occur when the fish grows well and there is a lot of food in the
summer season. Rings that are close together occur when the fish does
not get much food and grows slowly. On the scale you can identify the
summer growth and the winter growth. (There will be several rings in
each).
The core represents the fish when it was first born, as a fry.
The rings near the edge are the most recent periods of growth.
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Types of Fish Scales
Placoid - It resembles a miniature tooth called denticles. Ex.
shark scales
Cycloid - It is oval or circular in outline and has a smooth and
exposed rear edge.
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Ctenoid – It is scales that have a rear edges made of small
brush-like spines or comb liked teeth. Ex. Scales of perch, pongies and
bass
Ganoid – It is a four- sided plate that fits closely against
adjacent plates without overlapping.
Parts of Gills
Diagrammic Representation of Two Forms of Fish Gills
1. Gills Filaments - used for exchange of gases
such as
oxygen and carbon dioxide
2. Gills Arch - used for support and passing
for
blood to and the gill filaments
3. Gill Rakers - used for straining food from the
water
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