Income Computation for AY 2024-25
Income Computation for AY 2024-25
Question : 1 Mr. Lalit, a dealer in shares and securities, has entered into following
transactions during the previous year 2023-24:
(i) Received a motor car of ` 5,00,000 as gift from his friend Sunil on the occasion
of his marriage anniversary.
(ii) Cash gift of ` 21,000 each from his four friends.
(iii) Land at Jaipur on 1st July,2023 as a gift from his friend Kabra, the stamp duty
value of the land is ` 6 lakhs as on the date. The land was acquired by Mr. Kabra
in the previous year 2001-02 for ` 2 lakhs.
Mr. Lalit purchased from his friend Mr. Abhishek, who is also a dealer in
shares, 1000 shares of ABC Ltd. @400 each on 19th June,2023 the fair market
value of which was 600 each on that date. Mr. Lalit sold these shares in the
course of his business on 23rd June,2023.
Further, on 1st November, 2023, Mr. Lalit took possession of his residential
house booked by him two years back at ` 20 lakh. The stamp duty value of the
property as on 1st November, 2023 was ` 32 lakh and on the date of booking
was ` 24 lakh. He had paid` 1 lakh by account payee cheque as down payment
on the date of booking.
He received a shop (building) of the fair market value ` 1,50,000 and cash `
50,000 in distribution from the ABC (P) Ltd at the time of liquidation process
of the company in proportion of his share capital. The balance in general
reserve of the company attributable to his share capital is ` 1,25,000.
On 1st March,2024, he sold the plot of land at Jaipur for ` 8 lakh.
The value of the cost inflation index is 100 and 317 for the previous year 2001 -
02 and 2021-22 respectively.
Compute the income of Mr. Lalit chargeable under the head "Income from
other sources" and "Capital Gains" for A.Y. 2024-25. (PYP MAY 2022)
Solution : 1 Computation of “Income from Other Sources” of Mr. Lalit for the A.Y.
2024-25
Particulars `
(i) Motor car is not included in the definition of “property” for -
the purpose of section 56(2)(x), hence, value of the same is
not taxable, even though it is received without any
consideration.
(ii) Cash gift is taxable under section 56(2)(x) 84,000
[since the aggregate of ` 84,000 (` 21,000 x 4) exceeds `
50,000]
(iii) Stamp value of plot of land at Jaipur, received without 6,00,000
consideration, is taxable under section 56(2)(x), since the
same exceeds ` 50,000
CA Jasmeet Singh Arora 2
Particulars `
Capital gains on sale of land at Jaipur
Sale Consideration 8,00,000
Less: Cost of acquisition [deemed to be the stamp value
charged to tax under section 56(2)(x)] 6,00,000
Short-term capital gains (since held for a period of not more 2,00,000
than 24 months. Period of holding of previous owner, Mr.
Kabra, not to be considered)
Capital gains on distribution of assets on liquidation of ABC (P)
Ltd.
Full value of consideration for capital gains on distribution of
assets on liquidation of ABC (P) Ltd.
FMV of assets distributed 1,50,000
Cash 50,000
2,00,000
Less: Deemed dividend under section 2(22)(c) 1,25,000
Full value of consideration for computing capital gains 75,000
Note -
(i) As cost of acquisition of shares in ABC(P) Ltd. is not given in the question,
capital gains on distribution of assets on liquidation of ABC(P) Ltd. in the hands
of Mr. Lalit has not been computed.
(ii) As per section 56(1)(i), dividend income is chargeable under the head “Income
from Other Sources”. Hence, deemed dividend u/s 2(22)(c) would be taxable
under the head “Income from Other Sources” in the hands of Mr. Lalit, who is
CA Jasmeet Singh Arora 3
a dealer in shares.
(i) He sold his vacant land on 09.12.2023 for ` 15 lakhs. The Stamp Duty Value (SDV)
of land at the time of transfer was ` 20.55 lakhs. The fair market value of the
land as on 1st April, 2001 was ` 6 lakhs (SDV is ` 5,00,000). This land was acquired
by him on 05.08.1996 for ` 3.40 lakhs. He had incurred registration expenses of
` 15,000 at that time. The cost of inflation index for the year 2021-22 and 2001-
02 are 317 and 100, respectively.
(ii) He owns an industrial undertaking established in a Special Economic Zone
(SEZ) and which had commenced operation during the financial year 2021-22.
Total turnover of the undertaking was ` 300 lakhs, which includes ` 120 lakhs
from export turnover. This industrial undertaking fulfils all the conditions of
Section 10AA of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Profit from this industrial
undertaking is ` 30 lakhs.
(iii) He has income of ` 10,000 from crossword puzzles and ` 15,000 gross interest
from bank fixed deposit.
(iv) Tuition fees of ` 36,000 for his three children to a school. The fees being ` 12,000
p.a. per child. (PYP MAY 2022)
Solution : 2 Computation of Total Income and Tax Payable by Mr. Suresh for A.Y.
2024 -25
25,000
Gross Total Income 33,40,000
Less: Deductions under Chapter VI-A
Under section 80C – Tuition fees of two children 24,000
Less: Deduction under section 10AA 12,00,000
(` 30,00,000 x 120 lakhs/300 lakhs) x 100 %, being 3rd year
of operation
Total Income 21,16,000
Computation of Tax payable on total income under the
regular provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961
Tax on LTCG @ 20% of ` 3,15,000 63,000
Tax on income from crossword puzzles @30% of ` 10,000 3,000
Tax on remaining amount of ` 17,91,000 [` 2,37,300 (30% of
` 7,91,000) + ` 1,12,500] 3,49,800
4,15,800
Add: Health and education cess @4% 16,632
Tax Payable under the regular provisions of the Act 4,32,432
Tax Payable under the regular provisions of the Act 4,32,430
(rounded off)
Computation of Adjusted Total Income and Alternate Minimum Tax (AMT) payable
Question :3 Mr. Mukesh born on 1 4.1964 furnished his original return for
Assessment Year 2024-25 on 30.07.2024. He has shown salary income of ` 7.30 lakhs
(computed) and interest from his savings bank of ` 12,700 and from his fixed
deposits of ` 43,000. He also claimed deduction under section 80C of ` 1.50 lakhs. He
had claimed deduction u/s 80D of ` 25,000. He also claimed deduction u/s 80TTA of `
10,000. His employer had deducted TDS of ` 33,950 from his salary, which he
adjusted fully against tax payable.
CA Jasmeet Singh Arora 5
He paid health insurance premium of ` 38,000 by account payee cheque for self and
wife. He paid ` 1,500 in cash for his health check-up and ` 4,000 by cheque for
preventive health check-up of his parents. He also paid medical insurance premium
of ` 33,000 during the year to insure the health of his mother, aged 80 years, staying
with his younger brother. He further incurred medical expenditure of ` 25,000 on his
father, aged 81 years, who is staying with him. His father is not covered under any
mediclaim policy.
He seeks your advice about possibility of revising his return and if possible file his
revised return. Analyse the above narrated facts as per applicable provisions of
the Income-tax Act, 1961. Does he need to revise his return and for what reasons?
Please advise him suitably and if needed, re-compute his income and tax payable
or refund due for the Assessment Year 2024-25. (PYP NOV 20)
Solution : 3 Computation of total income of Mr. Mukesh for A.Y.2024-25 [As per
the original return filed by him]
Particulars ` `
(i) Salaries (Computed) 7,30,000
(ii) Income from Other Sources
Interest on savings bank account 12,700
Interest on fixed deposits 43,000 55,700
7,85,700
Less: Deductions under Chapter VI-A
(i) Deduction u/s 80C 1,50,000
(ii) Deduction u/s 80D 25,000
(iii) Deduction u/s 80TTA 10,000 1,85,000
Total Income 6,00,700
`
Tax on total income [20% of ` 1,00,700 (i.e., ` 6,00,700 – ` 5,00,000) 32,640
+ ` 12,500]
Add: HEC@4% 1,306
Tax payable on total income 33,946
Tax payable on total income (rounded off) 33,950
Less: Tax deducted at source u/s 192 33,950
Tax Payable Nil
CA Jasmeet Singh Arora 6
[Link] Particulars ` `
(i) Salaries (Computed) 7,30,000
(ii) Income from Other Sources
Interest on savings bank account 12,700
Interest on fixed deposits 43,000
55,700
Gross Total Income 7,85,700
Less: Deductions under Chapter VI-A
(i) Deduction u/s 80C 1,50,000
(ii) Deduction u/s 80D
Medical insurance premium for self
and spouse 38,000
Preventive health check-up for self
(allowable even if paid in cash) 1,500
Fully allowed as it is within the
overall limit of ` 50,000 for family 39,500
Medical insurance
premium for mother 33,000
Medical expenditure for
father not covered under
any policy 25,000
Preventive health check-
up for parents (` 4,000,
restricted to ` 3,500, being
` 5,000 – ` 1,500 claimed for
self and spouse) 3,500
CA Jasmeet Singh Arora 7
61,500
Restricted to maximum of
` 50,000 for parents 50,000 89,500
(iii) Deduction u/s 80TTB
`
Tax on total income [5% of `1,96,200 (i.e., `4,96,200 – ` 3,00,000 9,810
basic exemption limit)
Less: Rebate u/s 87A (Since his total income does not exceed ` 5
lakh) – ` 12,500 or tax on total income, whichever is lower 9,810
Tax payable on total income Nil
Less: Tax deducted at source u/s 192 33,950
Refund due 33,950
Therefore, Mr. Mukesh has to file a revised return showing the above revised
computation of total income and tax liability on or before 31.12.2024 to claim the
enhanced deductions which he had not claimed in the original return and get
refund of the entire income-tax of ` 33,950 deducted at source by his employer.
(v) During the year 2016-17, Mr. X gifted a sum of ` 6,00,000 to Mrs. X. She started
a business by introducing such amount as her capital. On 1st April, 2023, her
total investments in business was ` 10,00,000. During the previous year 2023-
24, she has loss from such business ` 1,30,000
(vi) Mr. X deposited ` 70,000 in Sukanya Samridhi account on 23.01.2024. He also
contributed ` 40,000 in an approved annuity plan of LIC to claim deduction u/s
CA Jasmeet Singh Arora 8
80CCC.
(vii) He has taken an educational loan for his major son who is pursuing MBA course
from Gujarat University. He has paid ` 15,000 as interest on such loan which
includes ` 5,000 for the financial year 2023-24.
Determine the total income of Mr. X for the assessment year 2024-25. Ignore
provisions under section 115BAC.(PYP DEC 21)
Solution : 4 Computation of Total Income of Mr. X for A.Y. 2024-25
Account
Under section 80CCC – Contribution to LIC Annuity 40,000
Plan
Under section 80CCD(1) – Employee contribution to 26,000
NPS (` 76,000 – ` 50,000 deduction claimed u/s
80CCD(1B)], since it is lower than ` 42,800, being 10%
of salary (` 3,80,000 + ` 48,000)
Allowable in full, since less than `1,50,000, being 1,36,000
the maximum permissible deduction u/s 80C,
80CCC & 80CCD(1)
Under section 80CCD(1B) – Employee contribution 50,000
to NPS
Under section 80CCD(2) – Employer contribution 59,920
to NPS restricted to 14% of basic salary + DA
forming part of pay, since employer is Central
Government = 14% x (` 3,80,000
+ ` 48,000)
Under section 80E – Interest paid on loan taken for 15,000
higher education
2,60,920
TOTAL INCOME 2,65,080
Notes - The following assumptions have been made while solving the question –
(i) Loan is taken from a financial institution or approved charitable
institution, and hence, interest paid on such loan qualifies for deduction
under section 80E.
(ii) The question mentions that gift of ` 6 lakhs is given by Mr. X to Mrs. X during
the P.Y.2016-17. However, the date of investment in business is not given.
assumed that it was invested between 2.4.2022 to 1.4.2023 for solving the
problem, in the absence of other information in the question.
Question :5 Mr. Bhasin, a resident individual, aged 52 years, provides management
consultancy services to various corporate and non-corporate clients. His Income &
Expenditure A/c for the year ended 31st March, 2024 is as under:
(x) You are required to compute the total income under proper heads of income of
CA Jasmeet Singh Arora 11
Solution : 5 Computation of total income and tax payable by Mr. Bhasin for A.Y.
2024 -25
Particulars ` ` `
I Income from Salaries
Salary of Mrs. Beena [Remuneration paid 3,00,000
by Mr. Bhasin to his wife Mrs. Beena who
is employed as a manager in his office
would be included in his hands, since Mrs.
Beena does not have any technical or
professional qualification or experience
required for the job] 2,50,000
Less: Standard deduction u/s 16(ia) 50,000
II Income from house property
Let out portion (Unit 1 – 50% area)
Gross Annual Value [Higher of expected 2,40,000
rent of
` 2,00,000 and actual rent of ` 2,40,000 (`
20,000 x 12)]
[Expected rent is higher of municipal
value of
` 1,80,000 (3,60,000 x 50%) and fair rent of
` 2,10,000 (` 4,20,000 x 50%), restricted to
standard rent of ` 2,00,000 (` 4,00,000 x
50%)]
Less: Municipal taxes paid for let out 5,000
portion (` 10,000 x 50%)
Net Annual Value (NAV) 2,35,000
Less: Deduction under section 24
(a) 30% of NAV 70,500
(b) Interest on capital borrowed for 40,000
construction of house relating to
let out portion (80,000 x 50%)
(allowed on accrual basis)
Income from let out portion 1,24,500
Self-occupied (Unit 2 – 25%)
[Since Unit 2 representing 50% of the floor
area is used for residence as well as
business
purpose, it is assumed that it is equally
CA Jasmeet Singh Arora 12
Question: 6 Mr. Ravi, a resident and ordinarily resident in India, owns a let out house
property having different flats in Kanpur which has municipal value of ` 27,00,000 and
standard rent of ` 29,80,000. Market rent of similar property is ` 30,00,000. Annual rent
was ` 40,00,000 which includes ` 10,00,000 pertaining to different amenities provided in
the building. One flat in the property (annual rent is ` 2,40,000) remains vacant for 4
months during the previous year. He has incurred following expenses in respect of
aforesaid property:
Municipal taxes of ` 4,00,000 for the financial year 2023-24 (10% rebate is obtained for
payment before due date). Arrears of municipal tax of financial year 2022 -23 paid during
the year of ` 1,40,000 which includes interest on arrears of ` 25,000.
Lift maintenance expenses of ` 2,40,000 which includes a payment of ` 30,000 which is
made in cash.
Salary of ` 88,000 paid to staff for collecting house rent and other charges.
Compute the total income of Mr. Ravi for the assessment year 2024-25 assuming that Mr.
Ravi has not opted for the provisions under section 115BAC.(PYP DEC 21)
Solution :6
Computation of total income of Mr. Ravi for A.Y. 2024-25 under the regular provisions of
the Act
4,75,000
Less: Municipal taxes actually paid during the year:
[` 4,00,000 – rebate of ` 40,000] = ` 3,60,000
CA Jasmeet Singh Arora 16
(i) Mr. Raghav owns two house properties in Mumbai. The details in respect of these
properties are as under -
House 1 House 2
Self occupied Let-out
Rent received per month Not applicable ` 60,000
Municipal taxes paid ` 7,500 Nil
Interest on loan (taken for purchase of ` 3,50,000 ` 5,00,000
property)
Principal repayment of loan (taken ` 2,00,000 ` 3,00,000
from HDFC bank)
(ii) Mr. Raghav had a house in Delhi. During financial year 2013-14, he had transferred the
house to Ms. Vamika, daughter of his sister without any consideration. House would
go back to Mr. Raghav after the life time of Ms. Vamika. The transfer was made with
a condition that 10% of rental income from such house shall be paid to Mrs. Raghav.
Rent received by Ms. Vamika during the previous year 2023-24 from such house
property is ` 5,50,000.
(iii) Mr. Raghav receives following income from M/s M Pvt. Ltd. during P.Y. 2023-24:
CA Jasmeet Singh Arora 17
The following transactions were made by Mr. Kamal during the previous year 2023-24:
(a) He earned rental income of ` 35,000 per month from a 3 BHK residential flat situated
at Delhi. He purchased the said flat for ` 45 Lakhs in June, 2022 using the housing loan
availed from the employer and his own savings. It was let out from July, 2023.
Municipal taxes of ` 12,000 for F.Y. 2023-24 was paid by Mr. Kamal.
(b) He invested ` 30,00,000 in RBI Floating Rate Savings Bonds on 1st September 2023
earning an interest of 7% p.a. Interest is credited half yearly on 1st January and 1st July
every year. (Assume receipt basis for taxation)
CA Jasmeet Singh Arora 20
(c) He also paid LIC premium of ` 15,000 for self, ` 20,000 for wife and ` 30,000 for
dependent father, aged 75 years. Medical insurance premium paid on the health of
dependent brother and major dependent son amounted to ` 5,000 (paid by cheque)
and ` 10,000 (paid in cash), respectively.
(d) In December 2023, he earned dividend income of ` 5,00,000 (gross) on shares of the
bank held by him.
You are required to compute his total income and tax liability for the assessment year
2024-25, clearly showing all workings.
Solution :8 Computation of total income of Mr. Kamal for the A.Y. 2024-25
does not come within the meaning of family u/s 80D. In case of son, premium is paid
in cash, hence, the same is not allowed.
Question: 9 Mr. Suresh has a sole proprietory manufacturing unit. On 1st April, 2023, he
owns Plant A and Plant B (rate of depreciation 15%). Depreciated value of the block on 1 st
April, 2023 is ` 10,00,000. Plant B is transferred on 15th October, 2023 for ` 19,00,000.
Expenditure on transfer of Plant B is ` 20,000. Plant C (rate of depreciation 15%) is
purchased on 10th March, 2024 for ` 22,00,000. However, Plant C is put to use on 2nd
September, 2024 Business income of Mr. Suresh before claiming any depreciation is `
11,00,000.
On 1st March, 2024, Mr. Suresh transfers 900 equity shares in A Ltd. (unlisted) for `
23,50,000. Mr. Suresh does not own any residential house property. These shares were
purchased on 2nd April, 2015 for ` 2,00,000. To avail of the benefit of exemption under
different sections, he made the following investments on 1st May, 2024.
(i) A residential house property at Kolkata: ` 19,00,000 (out of which stamp duty
expenditure is ` 30,000).
(ii) NHAI bonds: ` 3,00,000.
Find out the gross total income of Mr. Suresh for the A.Y. 2024-25. CII – F.Y. 2023-24: 348;
F.Y. 2022-23 :331 FY 2015-16: 254(RTP MAY 23)
Solution : 9 Computation of gross total income of Mr. Suresh for the A.Y. 2024-25
20,75,984
[20,89,370 x 19,00,000/23,50,000]
3,86,706
Question: 10 Compute total income and tax liability thereon of Mr. Raghav for the A.Y.
2024-25 from the following details:
Mr. Raghav (aged, 61 years) working in a private company from last 10 years. His salary
details for the financial year 2023-24 are:
(i) Basic Salary 1,70,000 p.m.
(ii) Dearness Allowance (forms part of retirement benefits) 80,000 p.m.
(iii) Commission 32,000 p.m.
(iv) Transport Allowance 5,000 p.m.
(v) Medical Reimbursement 40,000
(vi) Mr. Raghav resigned from the services on 30th November, 2023 after completing 10
years and 5 months of service. He was paid gratuity of ` 25 lakhs on his retirement.
He is not covered under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972.
(vii) He started business of hiring of goods vehicle, purchased 4 small goods vehicle on
10th December, 2023 and 4 heavy vehicles having gross weight of 20 MTs each· on 1st
January, 2024. He did not maintain books of accounts for the business of hiring of
goods vehicle. Mr. Shivpal, his very close friend gifted him ` 2 lakhs to purchase the
vehicles.
(viii) He was holding 30% equity shares in TSP (P) Ltd., an Indian company. The paid up
CA Jasmeet Singh Arora 24
share capital of company as on 31st March, 2023 was ` 20 lakh divided into 2 lakh
shares of` 10 each which were issued at a premium of ` 30 each. Company allotted
shares to shareholders on 1st October, 2016.
(ix) He sold all these shares on 30th April, 2023 for ` 60 per share. Equity shares of TSP
(P) Ltd. are listed on National Stock Exchange and Mr. Raghav has paid STT both at
the time of acquisition and transfer of such shares. FMV on 31.1.2018 was ` 50 per
share.
(x) On 12.2.2024, interest of fixed deposits of ` 90,000 credited to his SBI Bank. On
30.4.2023, ` 5,500 and on 30.12.2023, ` 8,500 credited to interest on saving bank A/c with
SBI Bank.
(xi) He deposited ` 1,10,000 in PPF A/c. He paid insurance premium of ` 20,000 on his life
policy during the financial year 2023-24. The policy was taken in April 2014 and sum
assured was ` 3,00,000. He also made payment of ` 25,000 towards L.I.C. pension
fund and premium of ` 40,000 towards mediclaim policy for self and ` 20,000 for his
wife. All the payment he made by A/c payee cheque.
(xii) There was no change in salary of Mr. Raghav from last two years. He does not opt to
pay tax as per section 115BAC.
(xiii) Cost inflation Index is:
(xiv)
Financial Cost Inflation
Year Index
2013-14 220
2020-21 301
2023-24 348
Particulars ` `
Salaries
Basic Salary = 1,70,000 x 8 13,60,000
Dearness Allowance = 80,000 x 8 6,40,000
Commission = 32,000 x 8 2,56,000
Transport Allowance = 5,000 x 8 40,000
Medical reimbursement [Fully taxable] 40,000
CA Jasmeet Singh Arora 25
Question 11: Fssrom the following information of Ms Ruchi born on 14 Oct 1980, an Indian
Resident , you are required to compute Total Income for the AY 2024-25
Section 80C provides deductions for certain investments, expenses, and payments, such as life insurance premiums, children's tuition fees, principal repayments on housing loans, among others, with a maximum limit of `1.50 lakhs. This deduction is subtracted from the gross total income to arrive at the taxable income. For instance, Mr. Mukesh and Mr. Raghav utilized deductions under section 80C for tuition fees and loan repayments, aiding in reducing their taxable income .
The Alternate Minimum Tax (AMT) provisions become applicable to taxpayers whose adjusted total income exceeds `20 lakhs. In such cases, AMT is calculated at 18.5% of the adjusted total income, plus a health and education cess at 4%. If the AMT payable is higher than the regular income tax payable, the AMT becomes the minimum tax liability. Taxpayers are entitled to AMT credit, which can be carried forward. For instance, Mr. Suresh's AMT liability is `6,38,000, which is higher than his regular tax payable of `4,32,430, thereby making the AMT applicable .
Set-off of house property losses occurs when interest paid on a housing loan exceeds the Net Annual Value (NAV), resulting in a negative income from house property. This loss can be set off against other heads of income up to a limit of `2,00,000 in a year. For example, Mr. Raghav's let-out property had a significant interest expense, reducing his NAV, which can be set off against other income components in the same financial year .
Under section 115BBDA, if dividend income from domestic companies exceeds `10 lakh in a financial year, it is taxed at 10% in addition to the normal tax liability. This provision applies regardless of taxable income level and affects high-dividend earning individuals. For instance, Mr. Raghav had dividend income exceeding this threshold, necessitating taxation under section 115BBDA, impacting his overall tax liability .
When calculating income from house property, the Gross Annual Value (GAV) is lower if the actual rent received is reduced due to property vacancies. GAV is determined by taking the higher of the municipal valuation and the fair rent, but it should not exceed the standard rent. However, in case the actual rent due to vacancy is lower than this valuation, the actual rent is considered as GAV. For instance, Mr. Ravi's calculation used the actual rent of `29,40,000 after adjusting for vacancy instead of the higher expected rent .
Section 10AA provides deductions on profits derived from SEZ operations to encourage export-driven industries, often tax-exempting profits proportionate to export income. This deduction is typically available for up to 15 years in a phased manner beginning with full deduction for the first five years. Mr. Suresh, operating in an SEZ, benefited by reducing taxable income significantly through a `12,00,000 deduction based on his export turnover ratio, showcasing its importance in tax planning for eligible taxpayers .
The computation of taxable income for individuals with diverse income sources involves several challenges, including accurately accounting for multiple income streams such as salaries, capital gains, house property, and other sources while applying relevant deductions and exemptions. Balancing deductions, like those under section 80C for investments or section 24 for loan interests, and understanding the treatment of non-monetary benefits, such as sweat equity or reimbursed expenditures, requires a thorough understanding of the tax code. Mr. Kamal's complex income composition and associated deductions necessitate diligent evaluation to ensure accurate and optimized tax computation .
The Gross Annual Value (GAV) for house property is determined by considering the higher of municipal valuation, fair rent, or actual rent received but it cannot exceed the standard rent defined by local legislation. Rental reductions due to vacancies are considered, which might lower the GAV if the actual rent received is less. This methodology can lead to different GAV estimations for self-occupied versus let-out properties, as observed in Mr. Raghav's property assessment .
Sweat equity shares are taxed based on the difference between the Fair Market Value (FMV) and the exercise price at the time of allotment. Any gain upon sale is subject to capital gains tax. If sold on a recognized stock exchange and Securities Transaction Tax (STT) is paid, gains are classified accordingly. Mr. Kamal's sweat equity shares were sold at a gain of `600 per share after considering FMV, subject to short-term capital gains tax due to the period of holding being less than 12 months .
A taxpayer is allowed to file a revised return under section 139(5) if they discover any omission or mistake in the original return. The revised return must be filed within the prescribed time, usually before the end of the relevant assessment year or before the completion of the assessment, whichever is earlier. Filing a revised return allows the taxpayer to claim missed benefits, such as additional deductions. For instance, Mr. Mukesh filed a revised return to claim deductions for medical insurance and others, thereby receiving tax benefits he initially omitted, resulting in a refund .