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7-Segment Display Circuit Project Report

The document describes a 7 segment display, including its parts, types (common cathode and common anode), how it works to display numbers, and applications. It also discusses driving a 7 segment display by using resistors to limit current to the LED segments for proper operation.

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paithankarpratik3
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46 views13 pages

7-Segment Display Circuit Project Report

The document describes a 7 segment display, including its parts, types (common cathode and common anode), how it works to display numbers, and applications. It also discusses driving a 7 segment display by using resistors to limit current to the LED segments for proper operation.

Uploaded by

paithankarpratik3
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

2022-

23

A PROJECT REPORT
ON
“BUILD A CIRCUIT TO TEST 7
SEGMENT DISPLAY”

1|Page
A
PROJECT REPORT
ON

Subject : Digital Techniques [22320]

SUBMITTED BY:

Lad Abhay Vinodkumar [107]


Lakare Rohit Ravindra [108]
Mahanor Shubham Chandrakant [115]
Rajput Pruthvi Gorakh [141]

Guided by [Link]

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY,


SANJIVANI K.B.P POLYTECHNIC,
KOPARGAON
(2022-2023)

2|P age
Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s
SANJIVANI K. B. P. POLYTECHNIC,
KOPARGAON

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project report entitled

SUBMITTED BY :
Lad Abhay Vinodkumar [107]
Lakare Rohit Ravindra [108]
Mahanor Shubham Chandrakant [115]
Rajput Pruthvi Gorakh [141]

Under our supervision and guidance for partial fulfillment of the requirement for
Diploma in Computer Technology affiliated to
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
For academic year
2021-2022

Project Guide H.O.D

[Link] [Link]

3|P age
Sanjivani K.B.P. Polytechnic, Kopargaon

EXAMINERS CERTIFICATE

Submitted by
Lad Abhay Vinodkumar [107]
Lakare Rohit Ravindra [108]
Mahanor Shubham Chandrakant [115]
Rajput Pruthvi Gorakh [141]

[Link] [Link]
(Project Guide) (H.O.D)

4|P age
*** INDEX***

[Link] Title Page no


1. Acknowledgement 6
2. Introduction-What is 7 segment display 7
3. Types of 7 Segment Display 8
Information about Common Cathode and
4. 9
Common Anode
❖ Driving 7 Segment Display
5. ❖ Parts and Materials Required to implement 7 10
Segment Display
6. Working of 7 Segment Display 11

❖ Applications of 7 Segment Display


7. ❖ Advantages of 7 Segment Display 12
❖ Circuit of 7 Segment Display

8. Conclusion& References 13

✧༝┉┉┉┉┉˚*❋ ❋ ❋*˚┉┉┉┉┉༝✧

5|P age
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and the foremost We , express our deep sense of gratitude, sincere
thanks and deep sense of appreciation to Project Guide [Link]
, Department of Computer Technology, Sanjivani K.B.P. Polytechnic, Kopargaon.
Your availability at any time throughout the year, valuable guidance, opinion, view,
comments, critics, encouragement, and support tremendously boosted this project
work.
Lots of thanks to Head, Computer Technology Department, Prof.
[Link] for providing us the best support we ever had. We like to express
our sincere gratitude to [Link], Principal, Sanjivani K. B. P.
Polytechnic, Kopargaon for providing a great platform to complete the project within
the scheduled time.
We are also Thankful to all the faculty members, Computer
Technology Department, Sanjivani K. B. P. Polytechnic, Kopargaon for giving
comments for improvement of work, encouragement and help during completion of
the Project. Last but not the least; We should say thanks from my bottom of heart to
our Family & Friends for their never ending love, help, and support in so many ways
through all this time. Thank you so much.

Lad Abhay Vinodkumar [107]


Lakare Rohit Ravindra [108]
Mahanor Shubham Chandrakant [115]
Rajput Pruthvi Gorakh [141]
Diploma in Computer Technology.
Saniivani K.B.P. Polytechnic,
Kopargaon.

6|P age
INTRODUCTION- WHAT IS 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY
The 7-segment display, also written as “seven segment display”, consists of seven
LEDs (hence its name) arranged in a rectangular fashion as shown. Each of the seven
LEDs is called a segment because when illuminated the segment forms part of a
numerical digit (both Decimal and Hex) to be displayed. An additional 8th LED is
sometimes used within the same package thus allowing the indication of a decimal
point, (DP) when two or more 7-segment displays are connected together to display
numbers greater than ten.
Each one of the seven LEDs in the display is given a positional segment with one
of its connection pins being brought straight out of the rectangular plastic package.
These individually LED pins are labelled from a through to g representing each
individual LED. The other LED pins are connected together and wired to form a
common pin.

So by forward biasing the appropriate pins of the LED segments in a particular


order, some segments will be light and others will be dark allowing the desired
character pattern of the number to be generated on the display. This then allows us
to display each of the ten decimal digits 0 through to 9 on the same 7-segment
display.

7|P age
TYPES OF 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY
The displays common pin is generally used to identify which type of 7-segment
display it is. As each LED has two connecting pins, one called the “Anode” and the
other called the “Cathode”, there are therefore two types of LED 7-segment display
called: Common Cathode (CC) and Common Anode (CA).
The difference between the two displays, as their name suggests, is that the common
cathode has all the cathodes of the 7-segments connected directly together and the
common anode has all the anodes of the 7-segments connected together and is
illuminated as follows.
1. The Common Cathode (CC) – In the common cathode display, all the cathode
connections of the LED segments are joined together to logic “0” or ground. The
individual segments are illuminated by application of a “HIGH”, or logic “1” signal
via a current limiting resistor to forward bias the individual Anode terminals (a-g).

2. The Common Anode (CA) – In the common anode display, all the anode
connections of the LED segments are joined together to logic “1”. The individual
segments are illuminated by applying a ground, logic “0” or “LOW” signal via a
suitable current limiting resistor to the Cathode of the particular segment (a-g).

8|P age
INFORMATION ABOUT COMMON CATHODE AND COMMON ANODE
DISPLAY
In general, common anode displays are more popular as many logic circuits can sink
more current than they can source. Also note that a common cathode display is not a
direct replacement in a circuit for a common anode display and vice versa, as it is the
same as connecting the LEDs in reverse, and hence light emission will not take place.
Depending upon the decimal digit to be displayed, the particular set of LEDs is
forward biased. For instance, to display the numerical digit 0, we will need to light up
six of the LED segments corresponding to a, b, c, d, e and f. Thus the various digits
from 0 through 9 can be displayed using a 7-segment display as shown.

7-Segment Display Segments for all Numbers.

7-Segment Display Truth Table

9|P age
DRIVING 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY
Although a 7-segment display can be thought of as a single display, it is still seven
individual LEDs within a single package and as such these LEDs need protection
from over current. LEDs produce light only when it is forward biased with the
amount of light emitted being proportional to the forward current.
This means then that an LEDs light intensity increases in an approximately linear
manner with an increasing current. So this forward current must be controlled and
limited to a safe value by an external resistor to prevent damage to the LED
segments.
The forward voltage drop across a red LED segment is very low at about 2-to-2.2
volts, (blue and white LEDs can be as high as 3.6 volts) so to illuminate correctly,
the LED segments should be connected to a voltage source in excess of this
forward voltage value with a series resistance used to limit the forward current to a
desirable value.
Typically for a standard red coloured 7-segment display, each LED segment can
draw about 15 mA to illuminated correctly, so on a 5 volt digital logic circuit, the
value of the current limiting resistor would be about 200Ω (5v – 2v)/15mA, or
220Ω to the nearest higher preferred value.

PARTS AND MATERIALS REQUIRED TO IMPLEMENT 7 SEGMENT


DISPLAY
1. 4511 BCD-to-7seg latch/decoder/driver (Radio Shack catalog # 900-4437)
2. Common-cathode 7-segment LED display (Radio Shack catalog # 276-075)
3. Eight-position DIP switch (Radio Shack catalog # 275-1301)
4. Four 10 kΩ resistors.
5. Seven 470 Ω resistors.
6. One 6 volt battery.

10 | P a g e
WORKING OF 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY

In this example, the segments of a common anode display are illuminated using the
switches. If switch a is closed, current will flow through the “a” segment of the LED
to the current limiting resistor connected to pin a and to 0 volts, making the circuit.
Then only segment a will be illuminated. So a LOW condition (switch to ground) is
required to activate the LED segments on this common anode display.
But suppose we want the decimal number “4” to illuminate on the display. Then
switches b, c, f and g would be closed to light the corresponding LED segments.
Likewise for a decimal number “7”, switches a, b, c would be closed. But illuminating
7-segment displays using individual switches is not very practical.
7-segment Displays are usually driven by a special type of integrated circuit (IC)
commonly known as a 7-segment decoder/driver, such as the CMOS 4511. This 7-
segment display driver which is known as a Binary Coded Decimal or BCD to 7-
segment display decoder and driver, is able to illuminate both common anode or
common cathode displays. But there are many other single and dual display drivers
available such as the very popular TTL 7447.
This BCD-to-7 segment decoder/driver takes a four-bit BCD input labelled A, B,
C and D for the digits of the binary weighting of 1, 2, 4 and 8 respectively, has seven
outputs that will pass current through the appropriate segments to display the decimal
digit of the numeric LED display.
The digital outputs of the CD4511 are different from the usual CMOS outputs because
they can provide up to 25mA of current each to drive the LED segments directly
allowing different coloured LED displays to be used and driven.

11 | P a g e
APPLICATIONS OF 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY
• The applications of seven segments are mostly in digital calculators, electronic
meters, digital clocks, odometers, digital clocks, clock radios, etc.
• Today most of the 7 segment applications are using LCDs, because of low current
consumption.
Common applications of seven segment displays are in:
1. Digital clocks
2. Clock radios
3. Calculators
4. Wristwatchers
5. Speedometers
6. Motor-vehicle odometers
7. Radio frequency indicators

ADVANTAGES OF 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY


[Link] Cost
[Link] to use
[Link] Efficiency
[Link] to use

CIRCUIT OF 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY

12 | P a g e
CONCLUSION
It was a great experience to design and implement “7 Segment Display” by
using Digital [Link] working on this project,We have learned many
things especially how to apply the concepts of Digital Techniques in our real world
We have understood the concept of 7 segment display ,By doing this project
we have also learned the types of 7 Segment LED Display that is Common
Cathode and Common [Link] have also learned the various applications of 7
segment display which we are using in our daily life.
This project played a major role in our life because we have came across
through various applications of Digital Techniques’ which we all of us are using
in this modern world. This project will definitely help us in our future to deal with
thevarious functions and applications of computer graphics.

REFERENCES
[Link]
[Link]
display/

13 | P a g e

Common questions

Powered by AI

A common cathode 7-segment display has all the cathode connections of the LED segments joined together to logic "0" or ground. The segments are illuminated by applying a "HIGH" or logic "1" signal via a current limiting resistor to the individual anode terminals. Conversely, a common anode 7-segment display has all the anode connections joined together to logic "1". Here, the segments are illuminated by applying a "LOW" or ground signal to the cathode of the particular segment. These differences mean that a common cathode display cannot directly replace a common anode display in existing circuitry due to their opposite biasing requirements .

Theoretically, a common cathode display differs functionally from a common anode display in how it interfaces with a logic circuit. In a common cathode display, the LEDs are turned ON by applying a "HIGH" voltage signal to the anode pins while the cathode is connected to ground. Conversely, for a common anode display in the same circuit, applying the same "HIGH" signal would keep the LEDs OFF because the common anode is already connected to the logic "1" or power source. To illuminate segments in a common anode display with the same logic circuit, a "LOW" signal must be applied to cathode pins, essentially reversing the logic .

The advantages of the 7-segment display, such as low cost, ease of use, good efficiency, and simplicity, make it ideal for various practical applications where these characteristics are essential. This includes devices like digital clocks, calculators, electronic meters, and odometers. These devices benefit from the 7-segment display's low power consumption, straightforward implementation, and effective visual representation of numerical data .

Common anode displays are often more popular because many logic circuits are designed to sink more current effectively than source it. This capability aligns with the need for controlled current flow through the segments to ensure proper brightness without exceeding current or power specifications. Common anode layouts match well with typical microcontroller and microprocessor outputs, providing a practical advantage in these systems .

Substituting one type of 7-segment display for another in an existing circuit requires reversing the biasing setup, meaning cathode and anode connections must shift based on the display type (common cathode vs. common anode). A common cathode display needs the cathode to ground and anode to receive a "HIGH" signal, whereas for a common anode, the opposite is required. Incorrect substitution can prevent the LEDs from lighting due to reverse biasing, hence understanding these electrical characteristics and rewiring are crucial for successful replacement .

The integration of a decimal point extends the utility of a 7-segment display by allowing it to accurately represent decimal numbers and not just whole numbers. When multiple 7-segment displays are connected, the decimal point feature enables these units to convey more complex data such as measurements, prices, or other numerical values that require fractional precision, enhancing their applicability in diverse digital/measurement equipment like voltmeters and cash registers .

Applying digital techniques to practical projects like a 7-segment display provides students with hands-on experience in integrating theoretical knowledge with real-world applications. It enables them to understand the complexities of circuit design, component interaction, and troubleshooting. Additionally, such projects can enhance problem-solving skills, foster innovation, and solidify foundational concepts in electronics and computer technology, preparing students for future challenges in technology fields .

The contributors learned about the practical application of digital techniques in designing and implementing a 7-segment display, specifically the types of displays such as common cathode and common anode, and the real-world applications. The project offered insights into the utilization of 7-segment displays in everyday technology, fostering a better understanding of their role within digital devices and the broader context of digital electronics .

Current limiting resistors are necessary when driving a 7-segment display because the individual LED segments require protection from overcurrent. The brightness of an LED increases in a linear fashion with current, but exceeding its current rating can lead to damage. Typically, in a 7-segment display with a forward voltage drop of 2.2 volts, a resistor ensures that the current does not exceed the safe limit of around 15 mA for each segment. This helps prevent the LEDs from burning out while ensuring they emit enough light for visibility .

A component commonly used to drive 7-segment displays more effectively than manual switches is the 7-segment decoder/driver IC. Specifically, the CMOS 4511 BCD-to-7-segment latch/decoder/driver can take a four-bit BCD input and decode it to drive the seven output segments of the display. This IC enables practicality and ease of use by automating the activation of segments based on digital inputs as opposed to manual switch use, which is inefficient for practical applications .

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