Mobile Call Setup Procedures Explained
Uploaded by
Kedir HassenMobile Call Setup Procedures Explained
Uploaded by
Kedir HassenCommon questions
Powered by AIThe call setup process utilizes Traffic Channel (TCH) assignment by allocating a TCH for the communication once the signaling channel has completed the setup procedures. The phases involved are: 1) Call initiation, 2) Assignment of a traffic channel, 3) User alerting and ringing phase, 4) Call accepted and conversation phase, and 5) Release phase with the release and deallocation of the channel .
The ISUP IAM (Initial Address Message) plays a crucial role in establishing a connection during call setup as it contains essential parameters such as the called party number, and is used by the MSC to analyze this number, create the IAM message, and send it to the destination switch to establish the connection . This message facilitates the exchange of the necessary control information between network switches to set up and manage the telephony call between the mobile and destination networks.
The unique identification through MSISDN (Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number) and IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) is critical in routing calls within mobile networks. The GMSC analyzes the MSISDN to find the HLR where the subscriber is registered and queries it to determine the serving MSC/VLR for the call. The HLR translates the MSISDN into IMSI, providing precise routing to ensure the call reaches the appropriate MSC/VLR handling the subscriber, facilitating efficient and accurate call routing .
To locate and connect an MS, the network initiates a paging message through the BTS of the desired location area using PCH, as determined by the MSC/VLR. The MS, upon detecting the page, requests an SDCCH by accessing RACH. The BSC provides this channel through AGCH. This sequence is managed to ensure the MS is accurately located and connected by utilizing IMSI or TMSI identifiers necessary within the MSC/VLR service area, followed by completing procedures on SDCCH .
When a mobile subscriber dials a number, the mobile uses the RACH to request a signaling channel. The BSC allocates this using AGCH, and the subscriber sends a call setup request via SDCCH to the MSC/VLR, including authentication and ciphering. The VLR checks for any service bar restrictions and the MSC instructs the BSC to allocate an idle TCH for communication. The subsequent analysis of MSISDN by the GMSC, along with requests for routing information from HLR and MSRN allocation, completes the call setup for the call to proceed between the calling and called parties .
The HLR plays a pivotal role in translating numerical identifiers like MSISDN into IMSI, which are essential for accurately routing mobile calls. It determines the serving MSC/VLR and confirms any call forwarding services that may redirect the call destination. This translation and information dissemination enables the GMSC to route the call effectively and manage the administrative and technical process needed to maintain seamless communication throughout the network's architecture .
Additive color mixing involves combining colored light of different wavelengths to create other colors, and is primarily used in digital screens like TVs and monitors where Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) lights are combined to create color displays . Subtractive color mixing, on the other hand, involves removing wavelengths from white light with pigments or dyes, used in color printing or painting where Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow (CMY) are used to generate a range of colors .
The network ensures identification and verification of mobile equipment during call setup by employing procedures such as Authentication Request/Response, SRES Comparison, and ID Request/Response processes. These mechanisms are used alongside checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) to ascertain that the device is legitimate and authorized for network access, thus securing the network against unauthorized use and ensuring the integrity and security of the communication .
The two primary variants of HLR interrogation in the call setup procedure are direct and indirect interrogation. In direct interrogation, the HLR can supply the MSRN immediately, known as ROUTING INFORMATION . In indirect interrogation, the HLR only has the current VLR address due to previous location updates. Thus, it must first request the current routing information from the VLR before the call can be switched through to the local MSC .
During a call setup, the VLR is responsible for providing necessary subscriber data like MSRN at the request of MSC. The VLR also checks for call barring that may prevent call continuation. The MSC requests and processes this data to ensure the call can be setup by analyzing subscriber parameters, including dialed digits and service indication . This coordinated process ensures that the call can be established effectively and that any restrictions on subscriber services are enforced, affecting the continuity and reliability of call setups.